Abstract In this study, we investigated the embodied nature of vector as one of the fundamental concepts in mathematics. Our aim was to examine the role of gesture in finding directions of vectors and magnitudes of vectors on the basis of coordinates of initial points and end points of vectors. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to find directions of vectors on the basis of coordinates of initial points and end points of the vectors. While participants of one group were allowed to gesture, participants of another group were prohibited from gesturing. In Experiment 2, participants were asked to find directions and relative magnitudes of x-coordinates and y-coordinates of vectors on the basis of coordinates of initial points and end points of the vectors. In both experiments, participants of gesture-allowed group had a better performance in answering the questions. Specifically, participants performed better in finding the directions of those vectors which had a left-down direction. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the process of finding the direction and magnitude of a vector on the basis of its initial and end points is mainly embodied as a combination of leftward and downward movements (left-down direction). study mathematics 1 gesturing 2 xcoordinates x ycoordinates y experiments gestureallowed questions Specifically leftdown left down results . direction)

Resumo Neste estudo, investigamos a natureza incorporada do vetor como um dos conceitos fundamentais da matemática. Nosso objetivo era examinar o papel do gesto na determinação das direções dos vetores e das magnitudes dos vetores com base nas coordenadas dos pontos iniciais e finais dos vetores. No Experimento 1, os participantes foram solicitados a encontrar as direções dos vetores com base nas coordenadas dos pontos iniciais e finais dos vetores. Enquanto os participantes de um grupo foram autorizados a gesticular, os participantes de outro grupo foram proibidos de gesticular. No Experimento 2, os participantes foram solicitados a encontrar direções e magnitudes relativas das coordenadas x e coordenadas y dos vetores com base nas coordenadas dos pontos iniciais e finais dos vetores. Em ambos os experimentos, os participantes do grupo com permissão de gestos tiveram melhor desempenho nas respostas às questões. Especificamente, os participantes tiveram melhor desempenho em encontrar as direções dos vetores que tinham direção da esquerda para baixo. Com base nestes resultados, pode-se concluir que o processo de encontrar a direção e magnitude de um vetor com base em seus pontos inicial e final é principalmente incorporado como uma combinação de movimentos para a esquerda e para baixo (direção esquerda-baixo). estudo matemática 1 gesticular 2 experimentos questões Especificamente resultados podese pode se esquerdabaixo. esquerdabaixo . esquerda-baixo) esquerda-baixo

ABSTRACT. Meat and meat products are highly perishable as they can provide an appropriate environment for microbial growth due to their high water activity and proper pH level. Quality, safety, sensory and nutritional properties of meat products are highly influenced by pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. To prevent microbial growth, artificial antimicrobials have been used in food matrices, however safety concerns regarding the use of synthetic preservatives is a challenging issue. Additionally, consumer’s trend towards natural mildly processed products with extended shelf life necessitates the identification of alternative additives originating from natural sources of new acceptable and effective antimicrobials. Although the effectiveness of some natural antimicrobial agents has already been reported, still, there is lack of information regarding the possibility of using lysozyme as a preservative in meat and meat products either alone or in combination with other hurdles. In the present review the applications and beneficial effects of applying lysozyme in meat products, considering its limitations such as allergic problems, interactions with food constituents, reducing sensory changes and toxicity due to high required concentrations to prevent spoilage and oxidation in foods will be discussed.

INTRODUÇÃO: Recentemente, relatou-se uma associação entre artrite reumatoide (AR) e a variante rs7700944 G>A nos domínios imunoglobulina e mucina de células T (TIM-4). OBJETIVO: Investigar o impacto desse polimorfismo na suscetibilidade a AR em uma amostra da população iraniana. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Este estudo caso-controle foi conduzido em 120 pacientes com AR e 120 indivíduos saudáveis. O polimorfismo rs7700944 do gene TIM-4 foi determinado usando-se o ensaio tetra amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR). RESULTADOS: Não se observou diferença significativa quanto ao polimorfismo rs7700944 do gene TIM-4 entre os pacientes com AR e os indivíduos saudáveis. Nas mulheres, não houve associação significativa quanto ao polimorfismo rs7700944 do gene TIM-4 nos dois grupos. Nos homens, o genótipo GA+AA, em comparação ao GG, aumentou o risco para AR (OR = 5,15; IC 95% = 1,30-20,48; P = 0,020). Além disso, os resultados mostraram que o alelo rs7700944 A aumentou o risco para AR (OR = 4,39; IC 95% = 1,43-13,54; P = 0,009). CONCLUSÃO: Nossos resultados não confirmam a existência de associação entre AR e o polimorfismo rs7700944 do gene TIM-4. Uma interação entre esse polimorfismo e sexo sugere uma associação sexo-específica entre AR e esse polimorfismo de nucleotídeo único, que ainda requer elucidação.

INTRODUCTION: Recently, an association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the rs7700944 G>A variant in the T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domains 4 (TIM-4) has been reported. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed at investigating the impact of that polymorphism on susceptibility to RA in a sample of the Iranian population. Patients and methods: This case-control study was conducted on 120 patients with RA and 120 healthy subjects. The rs7700944 polymorphism in the TIM-4 gene was determined using tetra amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) assay. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed regarding the rs7700944 polymorphism of the TIM-4 gene between patients with RA and normal individuals. In females, no significant association was found between the groups concerning the rs7700944 polymorphism of the TIM-4 gene. In males, the GA+AA genotype increased the risk of RA in comparison with the GG genotype (OR = 5.15, 95% CI = 1.30-20.48, P = 0.020). Furthermore the results showed that the rs7700944 A allele increased the risk of RA (OR = 4.39, 95% CI = 1.43-13.54, P = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Our results do not support an association between the rs7700944 polymorphism of the TIM-4 gene and RA. An interaction between this polymorphism and sex suggests a sex-specific association between this single nucleotide polymorphism and RA, which remains to be fully elucidated.