The composites of poly (butylene adipate co-terephthalate) / poly (lactic acid) (PBAT/PLA) blend and montmorillonites functionalized using imidazole-derived ionic liquids with different carbon chain sizes (butyl, octyl, and dodecyl) proved to be a promising alternative for improving the thermal and mechanical properties of the polymer blend. Functionalization of montmorillonites by ionic liquids was confirmed by increasing the basal spacing, and spectroscopical and thermal analysis evidence. The composite synthesis was carried out by casting technique generating homogeneous polymeric films. X-ray diffraction analyses suggested that montmorillonite functionalization with the ionic liquid of the butyl carbon chain fostered exfoliation and incorporation of the clay into the polymer. Furthermore, an increase in the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the material was observed. The other composites formed between the PBAT/PLA blend and the montmorillonite functionalized by ionic liquids of higher carbonic chain showed micro composites formation. Thus, their thermal and mechanical properties had no significant improvements. butylene coterephthalate co terephthalate co-terephthalate lactic acid PBATPLA PBAT PLA (PBAT/PLA imidazolederived imidazole derived butyl, (butyl octyl dodecyl spacing evidence films Xray X ray Furthermore observed formation Thus improvements

Abstract Objective: To analyze the prevalence evolution of Guthrie, hearing, and eye screening testing among newborns in Brazil, between 2013 and 2019, according to demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with data from 5231 infants from the Pesquisa Nacional de Saude (PNS), in 2013, and 6637 infants, in 2019, for the Guthrie test, hearing, and red reflex tests. The authors analyzed the outcomes according to the region of residence, self-reported color/race, having health insurance, and per capita household income. By using bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression models, the prevalence ratios and their respective 95 % Confidence Intervals (CI95%) were calculated for each year. Results: In 2013, Guthrie test, hearing, and red reflex tests were performed in 96.5 % (95%CI 95,8;97,0), 65.8 % (95%CI 63,9;67,7), and 60.4 % (95%CI 58,5;62,3) of infants, respectively. In 2019, the prevalence was 97.8 % (95%CI 97,3;98,2) in the Guthrie test, 81.6 % (95%CI 80,3;82,9) in the hearing test, and 78.6 % (95%CI 77,1;79,9) in the red reflex test. The testing frequency was higher among residents of the Southeast and South regions of Brazil, among infants whose mother or guardian was white, had health insurance, and was in the higher income strata; and the most evident differences were in the eye and hearing testing. Conclusions: The coverage inequalities according to the region of residence, income, and having health insurance highlight the need to use strategies that enable exams to be carried out, with more information about their importance, encompassing actions from primary care, prenatal care to the puerperium, aiming at universal access and equity. Objective Brazil 201 2019 characteristics Methods crosssectional cross sectional 523 PNS, PNS , (PNS) 663 test residence selfreported self reported colorrace color race color/race models 9 CI95% CI95 CI (CI95% year Results 965 96 5 96. 95%CI 95CI 95,897,0, 958970 95,8 97,0 8 97 0 95,8;97,0) 658 65 65. 63,967,7, 639677 63,9 67,7 63 67 7 63,9;67,7) 604 60 4 60. 58,562,3 585623 58,5 62,3 58 62 3 58,5;62,3 respectively 978 97. 97,398,2 973982 97,3 98,2 98 2 97,3;98,2 816 81 6 81. 80,382,9 803829 80,3 82,9 80 82 80,3;82,9 786 78 78. 77,179,9 771799 77,1 79,9 77 1 79 77,1;79,9 white strata Conclusions out importance puerperium equity 20 52 (PNS 66 CI9 (CI95 897 95,897,0 95897 958 95, 970 97, 95,8;97,0 967 63,967,7 63967 639 63, 677 67, 63,9;67,7 562 58,562, 58562 585 58, 623 62, 58,5;62, 398 97,398, 97398 973 982 98, 97,3;98, 382 80,382, 80382 803 80, 829 82, 80,3;82, 179 77,179, 77179 771 77, 799 79, 77,1;79, (CI9 89 95,897, 9589 95,8;97, 63,967, 6396 63,9;67, 56 58,562 5856 58,5;62 39 97,398 9739 97,3;98 38 80,382 8038 80,3;82 17 77,179 7717 77,1;79 (CI 95,897 95,8;97 63,967 63,9;67 58,56 58,5;6 97,39 97,3;9 80,38 80,3;8 77,17 77,1;7 95,89 95,8;9 63,96 63,9;6 58,5; 97,3; 80,3; 77,1; 95,8; 63,9;

ABSTRACT Integrated management is considered the best strategy to mitigate the damage caused by plant-parasitic nematodes. However, there is still limited information regarding some integrated techniques. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effects of genetic management associated with chemical control of Meloidogyne javanica in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) The experiment was installed in a greenhouse according to an 8×4 factorial design with eight replicates. The first factor was soybean cultivar (HO Juruena IPRO, resistant; Foco IPRO, HO Maracaí IPRO, and CZ 58B28 IPRO, moderately resistant; HO Mamoré IPRO, moderately susceptible; and Extrema IPRO, CZ 48B32 IPRO, and HO Aporé IPRO, susceptible). The second factor consisted of an untreated control and commercial nematicides based on abamectin, thiodicarb+imidacloprid, and fluopyram. Plants were inoculated with 2000 nematode eggs, and nematode and vegetative variables were evaluated at 65 d after inoculation. There was an interaction effect on nematode variables. Furthermore, there was an additive effect of genetic management and chemical control, mainly in resistant cultivars treated with thiodicarb+imidacloprid or fluopyram with controls of up to 69.90% and 96.86%, respectively. The application of fluopyram and the use of ‘HO Juruena IPRO’, ‘Foco IPRO’, or ‘HO Maracaí IPRO’ also contributed to the control of M. javanica. Vegetative variables were studied by analyzing product effects separately, but results were inconclusive.

Resumen La aplicación de herbicidas preemergentes es una estrategia de control de malezas, sin embargo, estos productos deben presentar residualidad para el control de diferentes flujos germinativos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la eficacia de herbicidas preemergentes en diferentes flujos de germinación de Merremia aegyptia, Mucuna aterrima y Ricinus communis, cuando se aplican sobre diferentes cantidades de paja y diferentes períodos secos simulados. El experimento se realizó en un diseño factorial 4 × 2 × 2 con cuatro repeticiones, el tratamiento incluye cuatro períodos secos (0, 30, 60 y 90), dos cantidades de paja (0 y 10 t ha-1) y dos flujos de germinación. Los herbicidas amicarbazona (1225 g ha-1); imazapic (147 g ha-1), sulfentrazona (800 g ha-1) y tebuthiuron (900 g ha-1), se aplicaron para el control de malezas antes de la emergencia, y los flujos de flujo de germinación se evaluaron a los 7, 14, 21, 28 y 35 días después de la emergencia de especies (DAE), mientras se verifica la masa seca. La amicarbazona presentó una reducción del control para todas las especies en los periodos secos más prolongados y presencia de paja. La amicarbazona mostró menos del 80% de control para todas las especies a los 90 días del período seco en presencia de paja. Imazapic no presentó residuo control para ninguna de las especies analizadas. Para sulfentrazona, la cantidad de paja no afectó el control de las malezas en diferentes flujos de germinación, mostrando el mismo patrón de control independientemente de la cantidad de paja, porcentajes de control superiores al 80% independientemente de la cantidad de paja. Los herbicidas asociados a cantidades de paja y periodos secos tienen impacto sobre las especies de malezas M.aegyptia, M.aterrima y R. communis.

Abstract Preemergent herbicides are a frequent weed control strategy. Considering different crop germinative fluxes, these products must present long-lasting weed control. This study evaluated preemergent herbicides in different germination fluxes of Merremia aegyptia, Mucuna aterrima and Ricinus communis when applied to different quantities of straw and different simulated dry periods. The experiment was conducted in a 4 × 2 × 2 factorial design with four replications. The treatments included four dry periods (0, 30, 60, and 90 days), two straw quantities (0 and 10 t ha-1), and two germination fluxes. The herbicides amicarbazone (1225 g ha-1), imazapic (147 g ha-1), sulfentrazone (800 g ha-1), and tebuthiuron (900 g ha-1) were applied for preemergence weed control, and germination flush fluxes were evaluated at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after emergence (DAE) while verifying plant dry mass. Amicarbazone controlled less than 80% of the studied species at the 90-day dry period in the presence of straw. Imazapic did not present control residue for any of the species analyzed. Sulfentrazone showed the same control pattern at all germination fluxes, regardless of the amount of straw. Tebuthiuron successfully controlled all species in the first germination flush, exceeding 80% regardless of the amount of straw. Herbicides associated with straw quantities and dry periods have a significant impact on M. aegyptiaca, M. aterrima and R. communis.

RESUMEN Introducción: El ejercicio físico puede ser una alternativa para prevenir y tratar los efectos nocivos de la obesidad, principalmente los efectos inflamatorios sobre los tejidos del músculo esquelético y del hígado. Sin embargo, no existe consenso sobre cuál es el mejor modelo de entrenamiento físico para este fin. Objetivo: Evaluar las alteraciones morfológicas, metabólicas e inflamatorias del entrenamiento aeróbico y de resistencia en sobre los tejidos músculo esqueléticos y hepáticos de ratas. Métodos: 24 ratas Wistar se dividieron en grupos sedentarios (S), aeróbicos (AE) y de entrenamiento de resistencia (R). Se midieron periódicamente glucosa en sangre, colesterol total y triglicéridos. Después de la eutanasia, se midió la masa corporal para calcular la ganancia de masa total durante el experimento. Se midió la lipoproteína de alta densidad (HDL). Se extrajo tejido adiposo para calcular su porcentaje relativo a la masa corporal, así como hígado, músculos sóleo y gastrocnemio para análisis morfológicos y concentraciones de glucógeno, lípidos y Factor de Necrosis Tumoral α (TNF-α). Para el análisis estadístico fueron utilizados Kruskall-Wallis y el post-test de Dunn, adoptando p<0,05. Resultados: Ambos entrenamientos redujeron el porcentaje de tejido adiposo, masa corporal y la concentración de TNF-α hepático (p<0,05). AE aumentó el HDL sérico, el diámetro de la fibra del gastrocnemio y redujo la dimensión fractal en el sóleo (p<0,05). R redujo la glucosa en sangre y los lípidos séricos y hepáticos, aumentó las concentraciones de glucógeno hepático y sóleo, aumentó el diámetro de la fibra del gastrocnemio y disminuyó el TNF-α (p<0,05). Conclusión: Ambos modelos de entrenamiento redujeron la masa corporal, el tejido adiposo visceral relativo, la concentración sérica de colesterol total y la inflamación hepática. El entrenamiento de resistencia demostró ser más eficaz para promover los efectos metabólicos en el hígado y el músculo esquelético, además de reducir la inflamación muscular en ratas. Nivel de Evidencia V; Opinión del Especialista. Introducción obesidad embargo fin Objetivo morfológicas Métodos 2 S, S , (S) (AE R. . (R) triglicéridos eutanasia experimento HDL. (HDL) TNFα. TNFα TNF (TNF-α) KruskallWallis Kruskall Wallis posttest post test Dunn p005 p 0 05 p<0,05 Resultados (p<0,05) sérico Conclusión hepática V Especialista (S (R (HDL (TNF-α p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 p0 p<0, (p<0,0 p<0 (p<0, p< (p<0 (p< (p

ABSTRACT Introduction: Physical exercise can be an alternative for preventing and treating the harmful effects of obesity, mainly inflammatory effects on skeletal muscle and liver tissues. However, no consensus exists regarding this purpose's best physical training model. Objective: Evaluate morphological, metabolic, and inflammatory alterations in rats’ skeletal and hepatic muscle tissues caused by aerobic and resistance training. Methods: 24 Wistar rats were divided into sedentary (S), aerobic (AE), and resistance training (R) groups. Blood glucose, total cholesterol, and serum triglycerides were measured periodically. After euthanasia, body mass was measured to calculate the total mass gain during the experiment. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) was measured. Adipose tissue was extracted to calculate its percentage relative to body mass and the liver, soleus, and gastrocnemius muscles for morphological analyses and concentrations of glycogen, lipids, and Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α). The Kruskall-Wallis test and Dunn's post-test were performed for statistical analysis, adopting p<0.05. Results: Both training models reduced the percentage of adipose tissue, body mass gain, and hepatic TNF-α concentration (p<0.05). AE increased serum HDL, gastrocnemius fiber diameter and reduced the fractal dimension in the soleus (p<0.05). R reduced blood glucose and serum and liver lipids, increased liver and soleus glycogen concentrations, increased gastrocnemius fiber diameter, and decreased TNF-α (p<0.05). Conclusion: Both training models reduced body mass, relative visceral adipose tissue, serum total cholesterol concentration, and liver inflammation. However, resistance training was more effective in promoting metabolic effects in the liver and skeletal muscle and reducing muscle inflammation in rats. Level of Evidence V; Expert Opinion. Introduction obesity However purposes purpose s model Objective Methods 2 S, S , (S) AE, (AE) (R groups periodically euthanasia experiment Highdensity High density HDL (HDL lipids TNFα. TNFα TNF . (TNF-α) KruskallWallis Kruskall Wallis Dunns Dunn posttest post analysis p005 p 0 05 p<0.05 Results (p<0.05) Conclusion V Opinion (S (AE (TNF-α p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

RESUMO Introdução: O exercício físico pode se apresentar como uma alternativa para prevenção e tratamento de efeitos deletérios da obesidade, principalmente efeitos inflamatórios sobre os tecidos muscular esquelético e hepático. No entanto, não há consenso quanto ao melhor modelo de treinamento físico para tal finalidade. Objetivos: Avaliar alterações morfológicas, metabólicas e inflamatórias dos treinamentos aeróbico e resistido sobre os tecidos muscular esquelético e hepático de ratos. Métodos: 24 ratos Wistar foram divididos nos grupos sedentário (S), treinamento aeróbico (AE) e resistido (R). Glicemia, colesterol total e triglicerídeos séricos foram mensurados periodicamente. Após a eutanásia, a massa corporal foi mensurada para calcular o ganho total de massa durante o experimento. A lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL) foi dosada. O tecido adiposo foi extraído para cálculo de sua porcentagem relativa à massa corporal assim como o fígado e os músculos sóleo e gastrocnêmio para as análises morfológicas e das concentrações de glicogênio, lipídios e Fator de Necrose Tumoral α (TNF-α). Para análise estatística, foram utilizados o teste de Kruskall-Wallis e o pós-teste de Dunn, adotando-se p<0,05. Resultados: Ambos os modelos de treinamento reduziram o percentual de tecido adiposo, ganho de massa corporal e concentração hepática de TNF-α (p<0,05). AE aumentou o HDL sérico, o diâmetro das fibras do gastrocnêmio e reduziu a dimensão fractal no sóleo (p<0,05). R reduziu a glicemia e os lipídios séricos e hepáticos, aumentou a concentração de glicogênio hepático e sóleo, aumentou o diâmetro das fibras gastrocnêmicas e diminuiu o TNF-α (p<0,05). Conclusão: Ambos os modelos de treinamento reduziram a massa corporal, o tecido adiposo visceral relativo, a concentração sérica de colesterol total e a inflamação hepática. No entanto, o treinamento resistido mostrou-se mais eficaz em promover efeitos metabólicos no fígado e no músculo esquelético, além de reduzir a inflamação muscular em ratos. Nível de Evidência V; Opinião do Especialista. Introdução obesidade entanto finalidade Objetivos Métodos 2 S, S , (S) (AE R. . (R) Glicemia periodicamente eutanásia experimento (HDL dosada TNFα. TNFα TNF (TNF-α) estatística KruskallWallis Kruskall Wallis pósteste pós Dunn adotandose adotando p005 p 0 05 p<0,05 Resultados (p<0,05) sérico hepáticos Conclusão relativo mostrouse mostrou V Especialista (S (R (TNF-α p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 p0 p<0, (p<0,0 p<0 (p<0, p< (p<0 (p< (p

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the behavior of melon genotypes (Cucumis melo L.) in the physical, chemical and biochemical quality of melon fruits as a function of electrical conductivity irrigation water levels (ECw). The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks in a 5 x 3 factorial scheme with five replications. The first factor was represented by five salinity levels (0.5, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 dS m-1) and the second factor by accessions A35, and A24, and the hybrid Sancho. The physical, chemical and biochemical variables showed a reduction in production, with smaller fruits, with less weight, smaller cavity, with increased pulp thickness for Sancho. Vitamin C and yellow flavonoids increased indicating antioxidant power against ROS. The genotypes showed similar post-harvest behavior, however, the hybrid Sancho stood out over the others, possibly because it is an improved material. Accession A24 presented physiological and biochemical responses that classify it as intolerant. Cucumis L. L physical ECw. ECw . (ECw) replications 0.5, 05 0 (0.5 15 1 1.5 30 3.0 45 4 4.5 60 6 6. m1 m m-1 A35 A production weight cavity ROS postharvest post harvest however others material A2 intolerant (ECw 0.5 (0. 1. 3. 4. m- A3 0. (0 (

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento de genótipos de melão (Cucumis melo L.) na qualidade física, química e bioquímica de frutos de melão em função da condutividade elétrica de lâminas de irrigação (CEa). O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 5 x 3 com cinco repetições. O primeiro fator foi representado por cinco níveis de salinidade (0,5, 1,5, 3,0, 4,5 e 6,0 dS m-1) e o segundo fator pelos acessos A35, A24 e o híbrido Sancho. As variáveis físicas, químicas e bioquímicas apresentaram redução na produção, com frutos menores, com menor peso, menor cavidade, com maior espessura de polpa para Sancho. A vitamina C e os flavonoides amarelos aumentaram indicando poder antioxidante contra ROS. Os genótipos apresentaram comportamento pós-colheita semelhante, porém, o híbrido Sancho se destacou dos demais, possivelmente por ser um material melhorado. O acesso A24 apresentou respostas fisiológicas e bioquímicas que o classificam como intolerante. Objetivouse Objetivou Cucumis L. L física CEa. CEa . (CEa) repetições 0,5, 05 0 (0,5 15 1 1,5 30 3,0 45 4 4, 60 6 6, m1 m m-1 A35 A2 físicas produção menores peso cavidade ROS póscolheita pós colheita semelhante porém demais melhorado intolerante (CEa 0,5 (0, 1, 3, m- A3 0, (0 (

Abstract This study evaluated the median lethal concentration of silver nanoparticles and their effects in fish tambaqui Colossoma macropomum. Therefore, an acute toxicity assay was carried out in completely randomized design evaluating six different concentrations of silver nanoparticles on blood parameters of tambaqui. The silver nanoparticles were produced by chemical reduction with polyvinyl alcohol (AgNP-PVA). The lethal concentration 50% (LC50) was estimated using probit regression. The blood was collected, analyzed and the data were submitted to T-test (dying x surviving fish) and Tukey test (surviving fish). An increase in glucose, hematocrit, total plasma protein, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils as well as reduced MCV (mean corpuscular volume) in dying fish compared to surviving fish were observed. Survived fish exposed to 187.5 µg/L showed an increase in hematocrit, MCV, and MCH and a reduction in erythrocytes, total numbers of leukocyte, thrombocyte, lymphocyte, and neutrophil. The fish exposed to concentrations below 125 µg/L, had returned the blood parameter to baselines compared to control. The estimated LC50 was 165.09 µg/L and was classified as highly toxic for the fish tambaqui. In higher concentrations, it causes an acute respiratory toxicity, but in concentrations below 125 µg/L, the fish can adapt to the stressing agent. macropomum Therefore AgNPPVA. AgNPPVA AgNP PVA . (AgNP-PVA) 50 LC (LC50 regression collected Ttest T fish. glucose hematocrit protein hemoglobin erythrocytes leukocytes monocytes mean volume observed 1875 187 5 187. µgL µg L leukocyte thrombocyte lymphocyte neutrophil 12 control LC5 16509 165 09 165.0 agent (AgNP-PVA (LC5 18 1 1650 16 0 165. (LC

Abstract Bacterial contamination causes irreparable losses in the performance of alcoholic fermentation. Antibiotics are used to control these microorganisms, but they generate residues and cause microbial resistance. Today the only commercial product used by the mills is hops, but it is very expensive. As an alternative, the objective of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of using extracts from plants grown in the Cerrado for antimicrobial control during an alcoholic fermentation to replace antibiotics. Hydraethanolic extracts of leaves and essential oil of the following species were tested: Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Serjania erecta, Serjania marginata, Campomanesia adamantium and Syzygium cumini. Only the extract of Serjania marginata did not show any activity against the bacterium Bacillus sp. Both the essential oils as well as the hydroalcoholic extracts of S. terebinthifolius and C. adamantium and the extract of S. erecta showed antibacterial activity without harming the yeast, with potential to replace the hops. microorganisms resistance hops expensive alternative antibiotics tested Raddi cumini sp S C yeast

Resumo A contaminação bacteriana provoca perdas irreparáveis no desempenho da fermentação alcoólica. Antibióticos são utilizados para controlar esses microrganismos, mas geram resíduos e causam resistência microbiana. Hoje o único produto comercial utilizado pelas fábricas é o lúpulo, mas é muito caro. Como alternativa, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade da utilização de extratos de plantas cultivadas no Cerrado para controle antimicrobiano durante uma fermentação alcoólica em substituição a antibióticos. Foram testados extratos hidroetanólicos de folhas e óleo essencial das seguintes espécies: Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Serjania erecta, Serjania marginata, Campomanesia adamantium e Syzygium cumini. Apenas o extrato de Serjania marginata não apresentou atividade contra a bactéria Bacillus sp. Tanto os óleos essenciais como os extratos hidroetanólicos de S. terebinthifolius e C. adamantium e o extrato de S. erecta apresentaram atividade antibacteriana sem agredir a levedura, com potencial para substituir o lúpulo. microrganismos microbiana lúpulo caro alternativa antibióticos espécies Raddi cumini sp S C levedura

Abstract Salt stress causes several physiological and biochemical disorders and impairs plant growth. However, adequate fertilization can improve the nutritional status and may reduce significantly the harmful effects caused by salt stress. From this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of different combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization on the antioxidant activity and accumulation of organic and inorganic solutes in West Indian cherry leaves, in the second year of production. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with treatments distributed in a 10 × 2 factorial arrangement corresponding to ten fertilization combinations (FC) of NPK (FC1: 80-100-100%, FC2:100-100-100%, FC3:120-100-100%, FC4:140-100-100%, FC5:100-80-100%, FC6:100-120-100%, FC7:100-140-100%, FC8:100-100-80%, FC9:100-100-120%, and FC10:100-100-140% of the recommendation) and two levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECw) (0.6 and 4.0 dS m-1), with three replications. The multivariate analysis showed that irrigation with water of different electrical conductivities (0.6 and 4.0 dS m-1) resulted in different responses concerning the enzyme activity, production of organic compounds, and accumulation of inorganic solutes in the leaves. Under irrigation with low salinity water, there was greater accumulation of K+, soluble carbohydrates, and proline, and lower activity of antioxidative enzymes, especially SOD and APX. Under high salinity water, greater enzyme activity and higher concentrations of Na+ and Cl- were observed. The results indicate that the response of West Indian cherry to salinity was more towards redox homeostasis than osmotic homeostasis through the accumulation of compatible solutes. Fertilization combination FC5 (100-80-100% corresponding to 200, 24 and 80 g plant-1 of NPK) modulates the enzyme activity of SOD and APX attenuating the impacts of salinity, being an efficient combination to preserve redox homeostasis in West Indian cherry plants grown under salt stress. growth However perspective nitrogen leaves blocks 1 FC (FC FC1 (FC1 80100100%, 80100100 100 100%, 80-100-100% FC2100100100%, FC2100100100 FC2 FC2:100-100-100% FC3120100100%, FC3120100100 FC3 120 FC3:120-100-100% FC4140100100%, FC4140100100 FC4 140 FC4:140-100-100% FC510080100%, FC510080100 FC5:100-80-100% FC6100120100%, FC6100120100 FC6 FC6:100-120-100% FC7100140100%, FC7100140100 FC7 FC7:100-140-100% FC810010080%, FC810010080 FC8 80%, FC8:100-100-80% FC9100100120%, FC9100100120 FC9 120%, FC9:100-100-120% FC10100100140% FC10100100140 FC10 140% FC10:100-100-140 recommendation ECw (ECw 0.6 06 0 6 (0. 40 4 4. m1, m1 m , replications m-1 compounds K K+ carbohydrates proline enzymes Na Cl observed 10080100% 10080100 100% (100-80-100 200 8 plant1 plant- 80100100% 8010010 80-100-100 FC2100100100% FC210010010 FC2:100-100-100 FC3120100100% FC312010010 12 FC3:120-100-100 FC4140100100% FC414010010 14 FC4:140-100-100 FC510080100% FC51008010 FC5:100-80-100 FC6100120100% FC610012010 FC6:100-120-100 FC7100140100% FC710014010 FC7:100-140-100 FC810010080% FC81001008 80% FC8:100-100-80 FC9100100120% FC910010012 120% FC9:100-100-120 FC1010010014 FC10:100-100-14 0. (0 m- 1008010 (100-80-10 20 801001 80-100-10 FC21001001 FC2:100-100-10 FC31201001 FC3:120-100-10 FC41401001 FC4:140-100-10 FC5100801 FC5:100-80-10 FC61001201 FC6:100-120-10 FC71001401 FC7:100-140-10 FC8100100 FC8:100-100-8 FC91001001 FC9:100-100-12 FC101001001 FC10:100-100-1 ( 100801 (100-80-1 80100 80-100-1 FC2100100 FC2:100-100-1 FC3120100 FC3:120-100-1 FC4140100 FC4:140-100-1 FC510080 FC5:100-80-1 FC6100120 FC6:100-120-1 FC7100140 FC7:100-140-1 FC810010 FC8:100-100- FC9100100 FC9:100-100-1 FC10100100 FC10:100-100- 10080 (100-80- 8010 80-100- FC210010 FC2:100-100- FC312010 FC3:120-100- FC414010 FC4:140-100- FC51008 FC5:100-80- FC610012 FC6:100-120- FC710014 FC7:100-140- FC81001 FC8:100-100 FC910010 FC9:100-100- FC1010010 FC10:100-100 1008 (100-80 801 80-100 FC21001 FC2:100-100 FC31201 FC3:120-100 FC41401 FC4:140-100 FC5100 FC5:100-80 FC61001 FC6:100-120 FC71001 FC7:100-140 FC8100 FC8:100-10 FC91001 FC9:100-100 FC101001 FC10:100-10 (100-8 80-10 FC2100 FC2:100-10 FC3120 FC3:120-10 FC4140 FC4:140-10 FC510 FC5:100-8 FC6100 FC6:100-12 FC7100 FC7:100-14 FC810 FC8:100-1 FC9100 FC9:100-10 FC10100 FC10:100-1 (100- 80-1 FC210 FC2:100-1 FC312 FC3:120-1 FC414 FC4:140-1 FC51 FC5:100- FC610 FC6:100-1 FC710 FC7:100-1 FC81 FC8:100- FC910 FC9:100-1 FC1010 FC10:100- (100 80- FC21 FC2:100- FC31 FC3:120- FC41 FC4:140- FC5:100 FC61 FC6:100- FC71 FC7:100- FC8:100 FC91 FC9:100- FC101 FC10:100 (10 FC2:100 FC3:120 FC4:140 FC5:10 FC6:100 FC7:100 FC8:10 FC9:100 FC10:10 (1 FC2:10 FC3:12 FC4:14 FC5:1 FC6:10 FC7:10 FC8:1 FC9:10 FC10:1 FC2:1 FC3:1 FC4:1 FC5: FC6:1 FC7:1 FC8: FC9:1 FC10: FC2: FC3: FC4: FC6: FC7: FC9:

Resumo O estresse salino causa distúrbios fisiológicos e bioquímicos que prejudicam o crescimento vegetal. Entretanto, acredita-se que a fertilização mineral adequada pode melhorar o estado nutricional e reduzir os danos causados pelo estresse salino. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os impactos de diferentes combinações de fertilização com nitrogênio, fosforo e potássio sobre o acúmulo de solutos (orgânicos e inorgânicos) e atividade antioxidante em folhas de aceroleira cultivada sob estresse salino no segundo ano de produção. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com os tratamentos distribuídos em esquema fatorial 10 × 2, correspondendo a 10 combinações de adubação (FC) com nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio (FC1: 80-100-100%; FC2:100-100-100%; FC3:120-100-100%; FC4:140-100-100%; FC5:100-80-100%; FC6:100-120-100%; FC7:100-140-100%; FC8:100-100-80%; FC9:100-100-120% e FC10:100-100-140% da recomendação, referente ao segundo ano de cultivo) e dois níveis de condutividade elétrica da água (ECw) utilizada na irrigação (0,6 e 4,0 dS m-1), com três repetições. A análise multivariada mostrou que irrigação com água de diferentes condutividades elétricas (0,6 e 4,0 dS m-1) apresentou processos distintos em relação à atividade enzimática, produção de compostos orgânicos e acúmulo de solutos inorgânicos nas folhas. Sob irrigação com água de baixa salinidade houve maior acúmulo de K+, carboidratos solúveis e prolina, e menor atividade de enzimas antioxidativas, especialmente SOD e APX. Sob alta salinidade se observou maior atividade enzimática e maiores concentrações de Na+ e Cl-. Os resultados indicam que a resposta da acerola à salinidade foi mais no sentido da homeostase redox do que da homeostase osmótica por meio do acúmulo de solutos compatíveis com o metabolismo. A combinação de adubação FC5 (100-80-100% da recomendação correspondente a 200, 24 e 80 g planta-1 de NPK) modula a atividade enzimática da SOD e APX, atenuando os impactos da salinidade, sendo uma combinação eficiente para preservar a sua homeostase redox nas aceroleiras sob estresse salino. vegetal Entretanto acreditase acredita forma nitrogênio 1 2 FC (FC FC1 (FC1 80100100% 80100100 100 100% 80-100-100% FC2100100100% FC2100100100 FC2 FC2:100-100-100% FC3120100100% FC3120100100 FC3 120 FC3:120-100-100% FC4140100100% FC4140100100 FC4 140 FC4:140-100-100% FC510080100% FC510080100 FC5:100-80-100% FC6100120100% FC6100120100 FC6 FC6:100-120-100% FC7100140100% FC7100140100 FC7 FC7:100-140-100% FC810010080% FC810010080 FC8 80% FC8:100-100-80% FC9100100120% FC9100100120 FC9 120% FC9:100-100-120 FC10100100140% FC10100100140 FC10 140% FC10:100-100-140 cultivo ECw (ECw 0,6 06 0 6 (0, 40 4 4, m1, m1 m , repetições m-1 K K+ prolina antioxidativas APX Na Cl. Cl . Cl- metabolismo 10080100% 10080100 (100-80-100 200 8 planta1 planta planta- NPK 8010010 80-100-100 FC210010010 FC2:100-100-100 FC312010010 12 FC3:120-100-100 FC414010010 14 FC4:140-100-100 FC51008010 FC5:100-80-100 FC610012010 FC6:100-120-100 FC710014010 FC7:100-140-100 FC81001008 FC8:100-100-80 FC910010012 FC9:100-100-12 FC1010010014 FC10:100-100-14 0, (0 m- 1008010 (100-80-10 20 801001 80-100-10 FC21001001 FC2:100-100-10 FC31201001 FC3:120-100-10 FC41401001 FC4:140-100-10 FC5100801 FC5:100-80-10 FC61001201 FC6:100-120-10 FC71001401 FC7:100-140-10 FC8100100 FC8:100-100-8 FC91001001 FC9:100-100-1 FC101001001 FC10:100-100-1 ( 100801 (100-80-1 80100 80-100-1 FC2100100 FC2:100-100-1 FC3120100 FC3:120-100-1 FC4140100 FC4:140-100-1 FC510080 FC5:100-80-1 FC6100120 FC6:100-120-1 FC7100140 FC7:100-140-1 FC810010 FC8:100-100- FC9100100 FC9:100-100- FC10100100 FC10:100-100- 10080 (100-80- 8010 80-100- FC210010 FC2:100-100- FC312010 FC3:120-100- FC414010 FC4:140-100- FC51008 FC5:100-80- FC610012 FC6:100-120- FC710014 FC7:100-140- FC81001 FC8:100-100 FC910010 FC9:100-100 FC1010010 FC10:100-100 1008 (100-80 801 80-100 FC21001 FC2:100-100 FC31201 FC3:120-100 FC41401 FC4:140-100 FC5100 FC5:100-80 FC61001 FC6:100-120 FC71001 FC7:100-140 FC8100 FC8:100-10 FC91001 FC9:100-10 FC101001 FC10:100-10 (100-8 80-10 FC2100 FC2:100-10 FC3120 FC3:120-10 FC4140 FC4:140-10 FC510 FC5:100-8 FC6100 FC6:100-12 FC7100 FC7:100-14 FC810 FC8:100-1 FC9100 FC9:100-1 FC10100 FC10:100-1 (100- 80-1 FC210 FC2:100-1 FC312 FC3:120-1 FC414 FC4:140-1 FC51 FC5:100- FC610 FC6:100-1 FC710 FC7:100-1 FC81 FC8:100- FC910 FC9:100- FC1010 FC10:100- (100 80- FC21 FC2:100- FC31 FC3:120- FC41 FC4:140- FC5:100 FC61 FC6:100- FC71 FC7:100- FC8:100 FC91 FC9:100 FC101 FC10:100 (10 FC2:100 FC3:120 FC4:140 FC5:10 FC6:100 FC7:100 FC8:10 FC9:10 FC10:10 (1 FC2:10 FC3:12 FC4:14 FC5:1 FC6:10 FC7:10 FC8:1 FC9:1 FC10:1 FC2:1 FC3:1 FC4:1 FC5: FC6:1 FC7:1 FC8: FC9: FC10: FC2: FC3: FC4: FC6: FC7:

Abstract High infestations of epibiont ciliates on vertebrates or invertebrates are normally related to aquaculture tanks or similar environments, and the importance of this relationship in natural habitats is often disregarded. Here, we describe the first record of high infestation of ciliates on Aegla serrana in South America and conduct a brief morphological and phylogenetic characterization of these ciliates. Our findings confirm that cases of high infestation of ciliates on metazoans can indeed occur in natural environments. environments disregarded Here

Abstract Products derived from medicinal plants with antimicrobial activity are considered a promising alternative in the treatment of fungal infections. In this perspective, this study proposed to evaluate the antifungal activity of the dichloromethane fraction of Annona crassiflora Mart. against C. albicans strains. Tests were carried out to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Fungicide Concentration (MFC), microbial growth kinetics, fungal cell wall and membrane mechanisms of action, antifungal biofilm activity, and cytotoxic effects on human erythrocytes. The extract presented MIC and MFC values that ranged from 256 µg/mL to 1,024 µg/mL, with fungicidal activity in the microbial growth kinetics assay. The mechanism of action did not occur through damage to the cell wall or via binding to ergosterol in the membrane, though the fraction presents activity against biofilm and is not cytotoxic in human erythrocytes. The dichloromethane fraction of Annona crassiflora Mart. presented antifungal activity and reduced biofilm growth, without toxicity against human erythrocytes; however, further studies are needed to define its mechanism of action. infections perspective Mart C strains MIC, , (MIC) MFC, (MFC) erythrocytes 25 µgmL µg mL 1024 1 024 1,02 assay however (MIC (MFC 2 102 02 1,0 10 0 1,

Resumo Produtos derivados de plantas medicinais com atividade antimicrobiana são considerados uma alternativa promissora no tratamento de infecções fúngicas. Nesta perspectiva, o estudo propôs avaliar a atividade antifúngica da fração diclorometano da Annona crassiflora Mart. frente às cepas de C. albicans. Realizou-se ensaios para determinação de Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Fungicida Mínima (CFM), interferência sobre a cinética de crescimento microbiano, mecanismos de ação sobre a parede e a membrana celular fúngica, atividade antifúngica sobre o biofilme e os efeitos citotóxicos sobre eritrócitos humanos. Esse extrato apresentou valores da CIM e CFM que variaram de 256 µg/mL a 1,024µg/mL e no ensaio de cinética de crescimento microbiana, demonstrou atividade fungicida. O mecanismo de ação não ocorreu por danos na parece celular, tampouco por via ligação ao ergosterol da membrana. Demonstrou-se, ainda, que a fração tem ação frente ao biofilme e não é citotóxico em eritrócitos humanos. Assim, a fração diclorometano de Annona crassiflora Mart possui atividade antifúngica com capacidade de promover redução do crescimento do biofilme, não demosntrou toxicidade frente eritrócitos humanos, no entanto, necessita-se de mais estudos para definição do seu provável mecanismo de ação. fúngicas perspectiva C albicans Realizouse Realizou se (CIM CFM, , (CFM) microbiano fúngica humanos 25 µgmL µg mL 1024µgmL 1 024µg microbiana fungicida Demonstrouse, Demonstrouse Demonstrou se, Demonstrou-se ainda Assim entanto necessitase necessita (CFM 2

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the cumulative incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with Cushing's disease (CD). Subjects and methods: In all, 60 patients with CD following up in our outpatient clinic answered via phone interview a questionnaire about the occurrence of COVID-19 infection documented by RT-PCR (including the diagnosis date and clinical outcome) and vaccination status. Clinical and biochemical data on disease activity (hypercortisolism) and comorbidities (obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension) were obtained from the patients' electronic medical records. Risk ratios (RRs) of risk factors were obtained using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in patients with CD during the observation period was 31.7%, which was higher than that in the general reference population (9.5%). The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was significantly higher in patients with hypercortisolism (57% versus 17% in those without hypercortisolism, p = 0.012) and obesity (54% versus 9% in those without obesity, p < 0.001) but not in patients with hypertension or diabetes mellitus. On multivariate analysis, hypercortisolism and obesity were each independent risk factors for COVID-19 (RR 2.18, 95% CI 1.06-4.46, p = 0.033 and RR 5.19, 95% CI 1.61-16.74, p = 0.006, respectively). Conclusion: The incidence of COVID-19 in patients with CD was associated with hypercortisolism, as expected, and obesity, a novel and unexpected finding. Thus, correction of hypercortisolism and obesity should be implemented in patients with CD during the current and future COVID-19 outbreaks. Objective COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 Cushings Cushing s CD. . (CD) methods all 6 RTPCR RT PCR including outcome status (hypercortisolism (obesity mellitus records RRs (RRs analyses Results 317 31 7 31.7% 9.5%. 95 9.5% 9 5 (9.5%) 57% 57 (57 17 0.012 0012 0 012 54% 54 (54 0.001 0001 001 analysis 218 2 18 2.18 1.064.46, 106446 1.06 4.46, 1 06 4 46 1.06-4.46 0033 033 0.03 519 5.19 1.6116.74, 1611674 1.61 16.74, 61 16 74 1.61-16.74 0006 006 0.006 respectively. respectively respectively) Conclusion expected finding Thus outbreaks COVID1 COVID- (CD 3 31.7 9.5 (9.5% (5 0.01 01 0.00 000 00 21 2.1 064 1.064.46 10644 106 1.0 446 4.46 1.06-4.4 003 03 0.0 51 5.1 6116 1.6116.74 161167 161 1.6 1674 16.74 1.61-16.7 31. 9. (9.5 ( 2. 1.064.4 1064 10 1. 44 4.4 1.06-4. 0. 5. 611 1.6116.7 16116 167 16.7 1.61-16. (9. 1.064. 4. 1.06-4 1.6116. 1611 16. 1.61-16 (9 1.064 1.06- 1.6116 1.61-1 1.611 1.61-

Abstract This study evaluated the growth performance and parasite load of angelfish juveniles Pterophyllum scalare kept at different stocking densities using two rearing systems. The experiment was conducted in a factorial design (4x2) with four stocking densities (0.1, 0.4, 0.7, and 1.0 g/L), two type of aquarium tanks (glass and ceramic aquariums), and four replicates. The experiment lasted 60 days using 148 juvenile fish (3.05 ± 0.09 g) randomly placed in 32 aquariums (50 L) equipped with filters and aeration. All fish received two meals a day ad libitum (8:00 and 16:00). Water quality parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and total ammonia were measured. At the end of the experiment, all fish were measured and weighed to determine growth performance and then subjected to parasitological analysis. The data were analyzed with a two-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey test (p<0.05). No effects on growth performance at different stocking densities were observed. However, there was an increase in Capillaria pterophylli infestation in the high stocking density within ceramic aquariums. Thus, this study recommends the use of 1.0 g/L for the intensive aquaculture system of freshwater angelfish, and applying cleaning management to avoid parasite infestation, particularly in ceramic aquariums. systems 4x2 x (4x2 0.1, 01 0 1 (0.1 04 4 0.4 07 7 0.7 10 1. g/L, gL , g L g/L) glass aquariums, aquariums) replicates 6 14 3.05 305 3 05 (3.0 009 09 0.0 50 (5 aeration 800 8 00 (8:0 1600. 1600 16 . 16:00) temperature oxygen pH analysis twoway way posthoc post hoc p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 (p<0.05) observed However Thus 4x (4x 0.1 (0. 0. 3.0 30 (3. 5 ( 80 (8: 160 16:00 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 (0 3. (3 (8 16:0 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 16: p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

Resumo Este estudo avaliou o desempenho de crescimento e a carga parasitária de juvenis de peixe anjo Pterophyllum scalare mantidos em diferentes densidades de estocagem usando dois sistemas de criação. O experimento foi conduzido em esquema fatorial (4 x 2) com quatro densidades de estocagem (0,1, 0,4, 0,7 e 1,0 g/L), dois aquários (aquários de vidro e cerâmica) e quatro repetições. O experimento durou 60 dias utilizando 148 peixes juvenis (3,05 ± 0,09 g) distribuídos aleatoriamente em 32 aquários (50 L) equipados com filtros e aeração. Todos os peixes receberam duas refeições diárias ad libitum (8h e 16h). Parâmetros de qualidade da água como temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido, pH e amônia total foram medidos. Ao final do experimento, todos os peixes foram medidos e pesados para determinação do desempenho de crescimento e posteriormente submetidos à análise parasitológica. Os dados foram analisados por meio de ANOVA a dois fatores com teste post-hoc de Tukey (p<0,05). Não foram observados efeitos no desempenho do crescimento em diferentes densidades de estocagem. Entretanto, houve um aumento na infestação por Capillaria pterophylli na alta densidade de estocagem dentro dos aquários cerâmicos. Assim, este estudo recomenda o uso de 1,0 g/L para o sistema intensivo de aquicultura de acarás de água doce, e aplicação de manejo de limpeza para evitar a infestação parasitária, principalmente em aquários cerâmicos. criação 4 ( 2 0,1, 01 0 1 (0,1 04 0,4 07 7 0, 10 1, g/L, gL , g L g/L) cerâmica repetições 6 14 3,05 305 3 05 (3,0 009 09 0,0 50 (5 aeração 8h h 16h. 16h . 16h) temperatura dissolvido parasitológica posthoc post hoc p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 (p<0,05) Entretanto cerâmicos Assim doce 0,1 (0, 3,0 30 (3, 00 5 p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 (0 3, (3 p0 p<0, (p<0,0 p<0 (p<0, p< (p<0 (p< (p

Abstract Increasing habitat modification and species loss demand consistent efforts to describe and understand biodiversity patterns. The BIOTA/FAPESP Program was created in this context and it has been a successful initiative to promote studies on biodiversity and conservation in Brazil. The BIOTA/Araçá is an interdisciplinary project that provided a detailed evaluation of the biodiversity of Araçá Bay, a coastal seascape located on the North coast of the state of São Paulo, Southeast Brazil. The bay encompasses multiple habitats, such as beaches, mangroves, rocky shores, and a tidal flat, and provides important ecosystem services. Unfortunately, the bay is the subject of complex social-environmental conflicts that oppose economic, social, and environmental demands (i.e., the expansion of neighboring harbor activities vs. small-scale artisanal fisheries and protection of biodiversity). The present study presents a survey of the benthic species occurring in the different habitats of Araçá Bay, including data obtained during the BIOTA/Araçá project and previous assessments of the area. The benthic species play an important role in marine environments and studying the diversity of these organisms that live associated with the bottom is indispensable for comprehending the environment’s functioning. The macrofauna, meiofauna, and microorganisms associated with soft and hard bottom were listed, and additional information, such as the habitat and geographical distribution, were provided for each species. The checklist includes 826 species, almost 70% recorded during the BIOTA/Araçá project. The most speciose taxa were the annelids (225 spp.), mollusks (194 spp.), and crustaceans (177 spp.). Seven benthic species are endemic to Araçá Bay, 14 are considered threatened, and seven are economically exploited. Furthermore, the bay is the type locality of many taxa, and 11 new benthic species were described based on specimens sampled during the project. This project shows the importance of Araçá Bay as a unique biologically rich environment and highlights the need for conservation efforts in light of the current threats. patterns BIOTAFAPESP BIOTA FAPESP Brazil BIOTAAraçá Paulo beaches mangroves shores flat services Unfortunately socialenvironmental social economic i.e., ie i e (i.e. vs smallscale small scale biodiversity. . biodiversity) area s functioning macrofauna meiofauna listed information distribution 82 70 225 (22 spp., spp spp. , spp.) 194 (19 177 (17 spp.. 1 threatened exploited Furthermore threats i.e. (i.e 8 7 22 (2 19 (1 17 i.e 2 (

Resumo O aumento da modificação dos habitats e da perda de espécies demanda esforços consistentes para descrever e compreender os padrões de biodiversidade. O programa BIOTA/FAPESP foi criado nesse contexto e é uma iniciativa de sucesso para promover estudos em biodiversidade e conservação no Brasil. O BIOTA/Araçá é um projeto interdisciplinar que promoveu uma avaliação detalhada da biodiversidade da Baía do Araçá, um ecossistema costeiro localizado ao Norte do estado de São Paulo, Sudeste do Brasil. A baía engloba múltiplos habitats, tais como praias, manguezais, costões rochosos, e uma planície de maré, e também fornece importantes serviços ecossistêmicos. Infelizmente, a baía está sujeita à conflitos sócio-ambientais complexos que contrastam demandas econômicas, sociais e ambientais (i.e. a expansão das atividades do porto vizinho vs. a pesca artesanal de pequena escala e a proteção da biodiversidade). O presente estudo apresenta um levantamento das espécies bentônicas que ocorrem nos diferentes habitats da Baía do Araçá, incluindo dados obtidos durante o projeto BIOTA/Araçá e de investigações realizadas anteriormente na área. As espécies bentônicas desempenham um papel importante no ambiente marinho, e estudar a diversidade desses organismos que vivem associados ao fundo é indispensável para compreender o funcionamento do meio ambiente. A macrofauna, meiofauna, e microorganismos associados aos fundos consolidado e inconsolidado foram listados, e informações adicionais foram fornecidas para cada espécie, tais como a distribuição geográfica e nos habitats. O checklist inclui 826 espécies, quase 70% registradas durante o projeto BIOTA/Araçá. Os taxa mais especiosos foram os anelídeos (225 spp.), moluscos (194 spp.), e crustáceos (177 spp.). Entre as espécies bentônicas listadas, sete são endêmicas da Baía do Araçá, 14 são consideradas ameaçadas de extinção, e sete são exploradas economicamente. A baía é a localidade tipo de vários taxa, e 11 novas espécies bentônicas foram descritas com base em espécimes amostrados durante o projeto. Este projeto mostra a importância da Baía do Araçá como um ambiente de riqueza biológica única e demonstra a necessidade de esforços para a sua conservação considerando as atuais ameaças. BIOTAFAPESP BIOTA FAPESP Brasil BIOTAAraçá Paulo praias manguezais rochosos maré ecossistêmicos Infelizmente sócioambientais sócio econômicas i.e. ie i (i.e vs . biodiversidade) área marinho macrofauna meiofauna listados espécie 82 70 225 (22 spp., spp spp. , spp.) 194 (19 177 (17 spp.. listadas 1 extinção economicamente ameaças i.e 8 7 22 (2 19 (1 17 2 (

RESUMO A araruta (Maranta arundinaceae) é uma planta alimentícia não convencional (PANC) que apresenta propriedades nutricionais relevantes. No entanto, poucos estudos sobre a espécie quanto às suas formas de propagação e sua nutrição foram realizados. Paralelamente, o biofertilizante fornece nutrientes e estimula o desenvolvimento das espécies, pois promove melhorias nas propriedades do solo. Nesse contexto, o objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes formas de propagação e doses de biofertilizante na nutrição da araruta. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, avaliando três formas de propagação (rizoma inteiro, parte do rizoma e caule) e utilizando cinco doses de biofertilizante (0, 300, 600, 900 e 1200 mL por planta semana-1). Aos 268 dias após o plantio foi realizada a coleta das folhas para análise do teor de macro e micronutrientes foliares. Plantas propagadas por haste apresentam menor acúmulo de N, P, K, S e maior acúmulo de Na, em relação às demais formas de propagação. Os teores de N e K foram incrementados pela aplicação do biofertilizante, alcançando valores de 20,8 e 18,2 g kg-1 nas doses de 1200 e 955 mL por planta semana-1, respectivamente. O acúmulo dos micronutrientes foi influenciado pelas formas de propagação e pelas doses de biofertilizante, apresentando respostas positivas, especialmente para o Zn na dose máxima. A propagação por rizoma inteiro e as doses entre 600 e 1200 mL por planta semana-1 são as recomendadas para que se obtenha os melhores resultados nutricionais na araruta. Maranta arundinaceae PANC (PANC relevantes entanto realizados Paralelamente espécies solo contexto subdivididas caule 0, 0 (0 300 90 120 semana1. semana1 semana 1 . semana-1) 26 foliares P Na 208 20 8 20, 182 18 2 18, kg1 kg kg- 95 semana1, 1, respectivamente positivas máxima 60 semana- ( 30 9 12 6 3

ABSTRACT Arrowroot (Maranta arundinaceae) is a unconventional food plant (UFP) that has relevant nutritional properties. However, few studies on the species regarding its forms of propagation and its nutrition have been performed. In parallel, biofertilizer provides nutrients and stimulates the development of species, as it promotes improvements in soil properties. In this context, the objective in this study was to evaluate the effect of different forms of propagation and doses of biofertilizer on arrowroot nutrition. A randomized block experimental design in a split-plot scheme, evaluating three forms of propagation (whole rhizome, part of the rhizome and stem) and five doses of biofertilizer (0, 300, 600, 900 and 1200 mL per plant week-1) was used. At 268 days after planting, the leaves were collected for analysis of leaf macro and micronutrient contents. Plants propagated by stem have lower accumulation of N, P, K and S and higher accumulation of Na, compared to the other forms of propagation. N and K contents were increased by the application of biofertilizer, reaching values of 20.8 and 18.2 g kg-1 at doses of 1200 and 955 mL per plant week-1, respectively. Accumulation of micronutrients was influenced by the forms of propagation and doses of biofertilizer, showing positive responses, especially for Zn at the maximum dose. Propagation by whole rhizome and doses from 600 to 1200 mL per plant week-1 are recommended to obtain the best nutritional results in arrowroot. Maranta arundinaceae UFP (UFP properties However performed parallel context splitplot split plot scheme 0, 0 (0 300 90 120 week1 week 1 used 26 planting P Na 208 20 8 20. 182 18 2 18. kg1 kg kg- 95 week1, 1, respectively responses dose 60 week- ( 30 9 12 6 3