Resumo Uma nova espécie de Knodus das bacias dos rios Mearim e Munim, Nordeste do Brasil, é descrita com base em taxonomia integrativa, utilizando diferentes métodos moleculares de delimitação de espécies e abordagens independentes. A nova espécie possui a combinação de estados de caráter que geralmente é utilizada para diagnosticar o gênero. A nova espécie possui um padrão de coloração semelhante a K. victoriae, que também é morfologicamente semelhante a ela. A espécie aqui descrita difere de K. victoriae por possuir mais vértebras totais, mais raios ramificados na nadadeira anal e menos escamas circumpedunculares. Nós também fornecemos uma discussão detalhada das características morfológicas diagnósticas exibidas por espécies de Knodus de bacias hidrográficas adjacentes.

Abstract A new species of Knodus from the Mearim and Munim River basins, Northeastern Brazil, is herein described based on integrative taxonomy, by using different molecular based species delimitation methods and independent approaches. The new species possesses the combination of character states that usually diagnoses the genus. The new species possesses a similar colour pattern to K. victoriae, which is also morphologically similar to it. The species described herein differs from K. victoriae by possessing more total vertebrae, more branched anal-fin rays, and fewer circumpeduncular scales. We also provide a detailed discussion of the morphological diagnostic features exhibited by Knodus species from adjacent river basins.

Abstract The present work evaluated the efficiency of applied biological control and chemical control of Chrysodeixis includens, and the management of this looper caterpillar in the field soybean crop. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, consisting of six treatments applied only once: two different doses of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), 0.2 and 0.35 L ha-1; Metarhizium rileyi strain UFMS 02 (Mr), 2.0 and 5.0 kg ha-1; insecticide Flubendiamide (Fd) 20 mL ha-1; and the control. The reduction of the pest and the percentage of efficiency of the products along the development of the soybean, besides some phytotechnical parameters, were evaluated thirteen days after the application. In general, there was a decrease in the number of caterpillars after thirteen days of spraying, with the Bt treatment being 350 mL ha-1, which provided the greatest reduction in the population (96.2%) when compared to the control (6.7 %). Regarding efficiency, treatments containing biological products Bt (two doses) and Mr 5.0 kg ha-1 provided the best results: 95.88, 84.69 and 92.35%, respectively. Among the phytotechnical parameters evaluated, the biological treatments were superior to the chemical treatments in relation to the productivity and the number of pods per plant, not differing statistically among them.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of rubber clones GT1, PR255, RRIM600 grown on different substrates and environments for the production of rubber rootstocks. The experiment was conducted at the Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cassilândia University Unit, in Cassilândia-MS. The treatments were conducted in 3 environments: (A1): Sombrite®; (A2) Aluminet® and (A3) full sun, where the clones being tested were: GT1; PR 255 and RRIM 600, grown in substrates: pure soil; soil + cattle manure and commercial substrate usually used for forestry. The experimental design was a randomized block in a factorial 3 x 3 (three substrates x three clones), with 4 replicates with 10 seedlings of rubber trees per plot. The use of commercial substrate and soil + cattle manure in the ratio (7:1) favored the development of rubber rootstock seedlings with taller plants, more leave number, higher mass and higher quality index. For the formation of rootstocks, the variety RRIM600 was the one that showed better agronomic characteristics in the formation of rubber tree seedlings, with higher number of leaves, tallest plants, larger mass and higher quality index. The use of Sombrite® and Aluminet® screens contributed positively to the formation of rootstocks with larger root and above-ground masses. The plants produced in the Aluminet® screen showed higher number of leaves.