Aim The aim of this study was to verify the color variation between different composite resins and the Vita Classical Shade Guide. Methods Two-millimeter thickness samples were made (n = 6) from eight commercial brands of composite resin (shade A2): Charisma (Kulzer), Forma (Ultradent), Harmonize (Kerr), Luna (SDI), Opallis (FGM), Oppus Bulk Fill (FGM), Vittra (FGM) and Filtek Z250 XT (3M ESPE). Specimens were stored in distilled water for 7 days and then polished. Color measurements of samples and A2 shade of the Vita Classical Shade Guide were performed using the Vita Easy Shade Advance 4.0 spectrophotometer on a black background. Color variations were calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula, considering values ≥0.81 being noticeable by the human eye and ≥1.77 being clinically unacceptable. Results were statistically analyzed with a 5% significance level. Results Color variation (ΔE) of composite (E1) compared to the Vita Classical Shade Guide (E0) was greater than clinically acceptable for all the materials evaluated in this study. Forma (ΔE=2.08 ± sd=0.47) and Filtek Z250 XT (2.50 ± 0.20) had the smallest amount of color variation values found in the results. Harmonize (3.32 ± 0.63) presented values similar to Filtek Z250 XT, but it was worse than Forma. Vittra (3.51 ± 0.28), Charisma (3.80 ± 0.20), Opallis (4.24 ± 0.30) and Luna (5.67 ± 0.20) did not differ among each other and presented higher color variation than Forma, Filtek Z350XT and Harmonize. Oppus Bulk Fill (13.94 ± 1.12) was the composite with the greatest color variation. Conclusions The findings in this study show that attention should be taken when using the Vita Color Shade Guide for composite shade selection. Twomillimeter Two millimeter n 6 A A2) Kulzer, Kulzer , (Kulzer) Ultradent, Ultradent (Ultradent) Kerr, Kerr (Kerr) SDI, SDI (SDI) FGM, FGM (FGM Z Z25 3M M ESPE. ESPE . ESPE) polished 40 4 0 4. background CIEDE CIEDE200 formula 081 81 ≥0.8 177 1 77 ≥1.7 unacceptable 5 level ΔE (ΔE E1 E (E1 E0 (E0 ΔE=2.08 ΔE208 2 08 (ΔE=2.0 sd=0.47 sd047 sd 47 2.50 250 50 (2.5 0.20 020 20 results 3.32 332 3 32 (3.3 0.63 063 63 3.51 351 51 (3.5 0.28, 028 0.28 28 0.28) 3.80 380 80 (3.8 0.20, 4.24 424 24 (4.2 0.30 030 30 5.67 567 67 (5.6 ZXT 13.94 1394 13 94 (13.9 1.12 112 12 selection (Kulzer (Ultradent (Kerr (SDI Z2 CIEDE20 8 ≥0. 17 ≥1. (E ΔE=2.0 ΔE20 (ΔE=2. sd=0.4 sd04 2.5 25 (2. 0.2 02 3.3 33 (3. 0.6 06 3.5 35 3.8 38 4.2 42 (4. 0.3 03 5.6 56 (5. 13.9 139 9 (13. 1.1 11 CIEDE2 ≥0 ≥1 ΔE=2. ΔE2 (ΔE=2 sd=0. sd0 2. (2 0. 3. (3 (4 5. (5 13. (13 1. ≥ ΔE=2 (ΔE= sd=0 ( (1 ΔE= sd=

Ursolic acid (UA) is being investigated due to its anti-inflammatory potential, and structural modifications can enhance its biological activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of the ursolic acid derivatives (UAD) in macrophages and in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. RAW264.7 cells were cultured in the presence or absence of UA or UAD (1-18). Nitric oxide (NO), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and cellular viability were measured. 30 min before the carrageenan-induced paw edema, the UAD1 and UAD2 (200 mg kg-1) were administered intraperitoneally. The results showed that UAD2-4, UAD7, UAD9-11 had half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) greater than 90 µM and were able to reduce NO, NF-κB and TNF production. Moreover, UAD1 and UAD2 reduced paw edema and IL-6 production. In conclusion, the results obtained demonstrated a variation in the response between the derivatives due to the chemical modifications, showing potential to reduce the inflammatory mediators, deserving further investigations. (UA antiinflammatory anti activities (UAD carrageenaninduced carrageenan induced model RAW2647 RAW RAW264 7 RAW264. 118. 118 1 18 . (1-18) NO , (NO) NFκB, NFκB NF κB (NF-κB) TNF, (TNF) measured 3 200 (20 kg1 kg kg-1 intraperitoneally UAD24, UAD24 4, 4 UAD2-4 UAD7 UAD911 UAD9 11 UAD9-1 IC50 IC (IC50 9 production Moreover IL6 IL 6 IL- conclusion mediators investigations RAW26 (1-18 (NO (NF-κB (TNF 20 (2 kg- UAD2- UAD91 UAD9- IC5 (IC5 RAW2 (1-1 2 ( (IC (1- (1

RESUMO Embora Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) seja capaz de metabolizar 1,2-propanodiol (1,2-Pd), utilizado como fonte de carbono e de energia ao longo de uma rota dependente de vitamina B12, a importância deste composto na infeção de Gallus gallus domesticus por SE permanece desconhecida. No presente estudo, foram construídos um mutante de SE sem os genes pduCDE, que codifica a propanodiol desidratase (Pdu), e outro contendo as deleções no pduCDE e também nos genes cobS e cbiA, responsáveis pela síntese de vitamina B12. Em seguida, avaliou-se a importância do metabolismo do 1,2-Pd em SE para colonização intestinal de infecção sistêmica de poedeiras comerciais. As estirpes mutantes de SE foram capazes de colonizar o intestino, de serem excretadas nas fezes e de invadir o baço e o fígado na mesma intensidade que a estirpe selvagem, o que sugere que os produtos dos genes pduC, pduD, pduE, cobS e cbiA não são essenciais durante infecção por Salmonella Enteritidis nessa espécie.