Brazilian Savanna biodiversity is abundant in native fruits with nutritional and sensory properties with potential technological applications. However, the information available regarding the proprieties of Brazilian native fruits is still limited. This study aimed to analyze the metabolic profile of Brosimum gaudichaudii fruits (BGF) using metabolomics approaches, besides its physicochemical and nutritional proprieties. BGF exhibited protein content at least two times higher than other native fruits. Fifty-five metabolites were identified by the metabolomics approaches, mainly fatty acids (n = 22), carbohydrates (n = 13), organic acids (n = 6), and polyphenols (n = 5). The most abundant constituents were D-fructose (42.97%) for sugars, L-asparagine (6.47%) for amino acids, succinic acid (44.11%) for organic acids, and linolenic acid (3.04%) for fatty acids. Highlighted phytochemicals included chlorogenic acid, α-amyrin, and γ-tocopherol. Additionally, this study revealed that BGF is a good source of vitamin C and dietary fiber and an excellent source of vitamin A. Future studies providing nutritional information and suggesting consumption methods and potential industrial applications are essential to familiarize consumers with these foods. Additionally, clarifying the appropriate planting and harvesting seasons can revive traditional practices, especially for native fruits like BGF. However limited (BGF approaches Fiftyfive Fifty five n 22, 22 , 22) 13, 13 13) 6, 6 6) 5. 5 . 5) Dfructose D fructose 42.97% 4297 42 97 (42.97% sugars Lasparagine L asparagine 6.47% 647 47 (6.47% 44.11% 4411 44 11 (44.11% 3.04% 304 3 04 (3.04% αamyrin, αamyrin α amyrin, amyrin α-amyrin γtocopherol. γtocopherol γ tocopherol. tocopherol γ-tocopherol Additionally A foods practices 2 1 42.97 429 4 9 (42.97 6.47 64 (6.47 44.11 441 (44.11 3.04 30 0 (3.04 42.9 (42.9 6.4 (6.4 44.1 (44.1 3.0 (3.0 42. (42. 6. (6. 44. (44. 3. (3. (42 (6 (44 (3 (4 (

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatic fibrosis in biopsies of people with obesity who underwent bariatric surgery and examine the possible association of different variables with a diagnosis of NAFLD and NASH. Materials and methods: Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data from 574 individuals with obesity of both genders seen by the same physician between 2003 and 2009 who had a liver biopsy during bariatric surgery were examined. Results: Of the 437 patients included, 39.8% had some degree of liver fibrosis, 95% had a histologic diagnosis of NAFLD, and the risk factors were age ≥ 28 years and Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) ≥ 2.5 (p = 0.001 and p = 0.016, respectively). In the NAFLD group, NASH was present in 26% of patients and the associated factors were aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase index (AST/ALT) > 1, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) < 40 mg/dL, total cholesterol (TC) ≥ 200 mg/dL, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) > 38 U/L and triglycerides (TG) levels > 150 mg/dL. The independent risk factors were low HDL-c, elevated AST/ALT and high TG. Conclusion: The variables associated with a diagnosis of NAFLD were HOMA ≥ 2.5 and age ≥ 28 years. NASH was associated with low HDL-c, high TG and AST/ALT ≤ 1. Objective , (NAFLD) (NASH methods Epidemiological 57 examined Results 43 included 398 39 8 39.8 95 2 (HOMA 25 5 2. 0001 0 001 0.00 0016 016 0.016 respectively. respectively . respectively) group 26 ASTALT AST ALT (AST/ALT 1 highdensity density HDLc HDL c (HDL-c 4 mgdL mg dL mg/dL TC (TC 20 gammaglutamyl gamma glutamyl GGT (GGT 3 UL U L (TG 15 HDLc, c, HDL-c Conclusion (NAFLD 39. 9 000 00 0.0 01 0.01 0.

The indiscriminate use of herbicides makes weeds resistant, increasing the demand for more efficient herbicides. Novel potential herbicides were prepared from sorbic acid, being 8 dienamides and 6 epoxides. Subsequently, phytotoxic activities of sorbic acid and 14 synthesized compounds were evaluated against sorghum, onion, cucumber, lettuce, and beggartick seeds. Furthermore, the protein target of the most active substance in plants was identified in silico. Among the tested compounds, (2E,4E)-N-(p-fluorophenyl)hexa-2,4-dienamide (2c), (2E,4E)-N -(o-naphthyl) hexa-2,4-dienamide (2d), (E)-N-methylphenyl-3-((2R,3R)-3-methyloxiran-2-yl)acrylamide (3b), (E)-N-bromophenyl-3-((2R,3R)-3-methyloxiran-2-yl)acrylamide (3e), and (E)-N-methoxyphenyl-3-((2R,3R)-3-methyloxiran-2-yl)acrylamide (3f) showed pronounced inhibitory activities, both of shoots and roots, making them candidates for promising herbicides. All compounds altered seed development, and compounds 2c, 2d, 3b, 3e, and 3f presented equal or superior results to the commercial control herbicide S-metolachlor. Docking studies suggest that enzyme mitogen-activated protein kinase can be the target of those compounds. resistant epoxides Subsequently 1 sorghum onion cucumber lettuce seeds Furthermore silico 2E,4ENpfluorophenylhexa2,4dienamide 2E4ENpfluorophenylhexa24dienamide EENpfluorophenylhexadienamide 2E,4E N p fluorophenyl hexa 2,4 dienamide 2E 4E 2 4 E 2c c , (2c) 2E,4EN 2E4EN EEN onaphthyl o naphthyl -(o-naphthyl hexa2,4dienamide hexa24dienamide hexadienamide 2d d (2d) ENmethylphenyl32R,3R3methyloxiran2ylacrylamide ENmethylphenyl32R3R3methyloxiran2ylacrylamide ENmethylphenylRRmethyloxiranylacrylamide methylphenyl 3 2R,3R methyloxiran yl acrylamide 2R 3R R 3b b (3b) ENbromophenyl32R,3R3methyloxiran2ylacrylamide ENbromophenyl32R3R3methyloxiran2ylacrylamide ENbromophenylRRmethyloxiranylacrylamide bromophenyl 3e e (3e) ENmethoxyphenyl32R,3R3methyloxiran2ylacrylamide ENmethoxyphenyl32R3R3methyloxiran2ylacrylamide ENmethoxyphenylRRmethyloxiranylacrylamide methoxyphenyl f (3f roots development Smetolachlor. Smetolachlor S metolachlor. metolachlor S-metolachlor mitogenactivated mitogen activated 4ENpfluorophenylhexa2 4dienamide ENpfluorophenylhexa 2E4E EE 24 2, (2c 4EN EN hexa2 (2d ENmethylphenyl32R 3R3methyloxiran2ylacrylamide ENmethylphenyl ylacrylamide 2R3R RR (3b ENbromophenyl32R ENbromophenyl (3e ENmethoxyphenyl32R ENmethoxyphenyl 4ENpfluorophenylhexa ENmethylphenylR Rmethyloxiranylacrylamide ENbromophenylR ENmethoxyphenylR

Abstract Ctenocephalides felis felis is a relevant and widely distributed ectoparasite that acts as a vector of disease-causing pathogens. Moreover, it is responsible for economic losses due the use of harmful chemicals to the environment and that favor the emergence of insecticide-resistant populations. Research on entomopathogenic nematodes may open up an alternative route to the insect chemical control. The present study aimed to evaluate the killing efficacy of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (HP88) against C. felis larvae in 400 μL, 600 μL and 1000 μL of suspension containing 120, 160 and 200 infective juveniles/larva and 600 μL of suspension containing the same concentrations of Heterorhabditis indica (LPP30), divided into two groups (absence and presence of diet) and a control group with three replications containing only distilled water. In the bioassay with H. bacteriophora, the groups in 600 μL of suspension showed higher mortality rates than those in the other tested volumes, which were above 80% at all concentrations. On the other hand, H. indica achieved mortality rates above 70% at all concentrations used. Results indicate that flea larvae are susceptible to in vitro infection by H. bacteriophora and H. indica. diseasecausing disease causing pathogens Moreover insecticideresistant insecticide resistant populations HP88 HP (HP88 C 40 60 100 120 16 20 juvenileslarva juveniles larva LPP30, LPP30 LPP , (LPP30) absence diet water H volumes 80 hand 70 used HP8 (HP8 4 6 10 12 1 2 LPP3 (LPP30 8 7 (HP (LPP3 (LPP

Resumo Ctenocephalides felis felis é um ectoparasito de relevância, ampla distribuição geográfica, vetor de patógenos causadores de doenças e responsável por perdas econômicas relacionadas ao uso de produtos químicos que causam impacto ambiental e aparecimento de populações resistentes. Pesquisas com nematoides entomopatogênicos podem ser uma alternativa ao controle químico desse inseto. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a eficácia de Heterorhabiditis bacteriophora (HP88) em larvas de C. felis em 400 μL, 600 μL e 1000 μL de suspensão contendo 120, 160 e 200 juvenis infectantes/larva e 600 μL de suspensão contendo as mesmas concentrações de Heterorhabditis indica (LPP30), divididos em dois grupos (ausência e presença de dieta) e grupo controle com três repetições contendo apenas com água destilada. No bioensaio com H. bacteriophora observou-se que os grupos com 600 μL de suspensão apresentaram melhores percentuais de mortalidade em relação aos outros volumes testados, sendo estas acima de 80% para as três concentrações. Já H. indica apresentou percentuais de mortalidades acima de 70% para as três concentrações utilizadas. Os resultados indicam que as larvas de pulga são suscetíveis a infecção in vitro por H. bacteriophora e H. indica. relevância geográfica resistentes inseto HP88 HP (HP88 C 40 60 100 120 16 20 infectanteslarva infectantes larva LPP30, LPP30 LPP , (LPP30) ausência dieta destilada H observouse observou se testados 80 70 utilizadas HP8 (HP8 4 6 10 12 1 2 LPP3 (LPP30 8 7 (HP (LPP3 (LPP

Resumo O mercado automobilístico global vem experimentando a adoção dos veículos elétricos de passeio e comerciais leves e, mais recentemente, a introdução de caminhões elétricos na Europa, Estados Unidos e Ásia como forma de reduzir as emissões de gases de efeito estufa, em direção à neutralidade de carbono e promovendo a sustentabilidade social, ambiental e econômica. O objetivo deste estudo é compreender a perspectiva de atores do regime dominante de caminhões movidos a motores a diesel quanto à transição para motores elétricos, a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, utilizando-se de uma abordagem multinível e coevolucionária, com uma perspectiva temporal longitudinal do período de 2016 a 2022 no Brasil. Os fatores identificados para a adoção do Caminhão Elétrico, no Brasil, incluem alguns fatores coerentes com a teoria, de ordem tecnológica, econômica e regulatória: (a) aumento de disponibilidade de infraestrutura pública e comercial de recarga; (b) adequação da infraestrutura de produção, transmissão e distribuição de energia limpa, para atender um novo nível de demanda de carga; (c) o barateamento da produção de hidrogênio pelo aumento da escala de produção; e (d) a regulamentação e normatização de células de combustível. Nossas evidências ampliam esta lista dois fatores de resistência do regime: (e) os modelos de negócio praticados para garantir capilaridade de venda; e (f) a falta de qualificação eletrotécnica dos quadros da montadora e da rede de serviços disponível. recentemente Europa estufa social qualitativa descritiva utilizandose utilizando se coevolucionária 201 202 Brasil Elétrico teoria tecnológica regulatória (a recarga b (b limpa carga c (c d (d combustível (e venda f (f disponível 20 2

Abstract The automotive market worldwide is experiencing unprecedented growth, driven by the adoption of electric passenger and light commercial vehicles, and more recently, by the introduction of electric trucks - in Europe, the United States and Asia – in an attempt to cut greenhouse gas emissions and achieve carbon neutrality, promoting social, environmental, and economic sustainability. This study aims at understanding the perspective of diesel-truck players, regarding the transition to electric engines, from a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive point of view, using a multilevel and co-evolutionary approach, with a longitudinal temporal perspective, from 2016 to 2022, in Brazil. Among factors identified for the adoption of electric trucks in Brazil are some technological, economic and regulatory elements, consistent with the theory: (a) to increase the availability of public and commercial charging stations; (b) to adapt clean-energy production, transmission and distribution to meet new charge demands; (c) to make hydrogen production cheaper by increasing production; and (d) fuel-cell regulation and standardization. Our evidence-gathering expands the list and adds two resistance factors: (e) business models used to guarantee sales development; and (f) lack of qualified personnel, at the automaker and service network, in terms of electrotechnical expertise and skillset. growth vehicles recently Europe neutrality social environmental sustainability dieseltruck diesel truck players engines qualitative exploratory view coevolutionary co evolutionary approach 201 2022 technological elements theory (a stations b (b cleanenergy clean energy demands c (c d (d fuelcell fuel cell standardization evidencegathering evidence gathering e (e development f (f personnel network skillset 20 202 2

Abstract This is a nonclinical, controlled, and triple-blind study to investigate the effects of codeine-associated geraniol on the modulation of orofacial nociception and its potential central nervous system depressing effect in an animal model. The orofacial antinociceptive activity of geraniol in combination with codeine was assessed through the following tests: (i) formalin-induced pain, (ii) glutamate-induced pain, and (iii) capsaicin-induced pain. Six animals were equally distributed into six groups and received the following treatments, given intraperitoneally (i.p.) 30 minutes before the experiments: a) geraniol/codeine 50/30 mg/kg; b) geraniol/codeine 50/15 mg/kg; c) geraniol/codeine 50/7.5 mg/kg; d) geraniol 50 mg/kg; e) codeine 30 mg/kg (positive control); or f) 0.9% sodium chloride (negative control). We performed pain behavior analysis after the injection of formalin (20 µL, 20%), glutamate (20 µL, 25 µM), and capsaicin (20 µL, 2.5 µg) into the paranasal region. Rubbing time of the paranasal region by the hind or front paw was used as a parameter. In the neurogenic phase of the formalin test, the geraniol/codeine at 50/7.5 mg/kg was able to promote the maximum antinociceptive effect, reducing nociception by 71.9% (p < 0.0001). In the inflammatory phase of the formalin test, geraniol/codeine at 50/30 mg/kg significantly reduced orofacial nociception (p < 0.005). In the glutamate test, geraniol/codeine at 50/30 mg/kg reduced the rubbing time by 54.2% and reduced nociception in the capsaicin test by 66.7% (p < 0.005). Geraniol alone or in combination does not promote nonspecific depressing effects on the central nervous system. Based on our findings, we suggest the possible synergy between geraniol and codeine in the modulation of orofacial pain. nonclinical controlled tripleblind triple blind codeineassociated associated model tests i (i formalininduced induced ii (ii glutamateinduced iii (iii capsaicininduced treatments i.p. ip p (i.p. 3 experiments geraniolcodeine 5030 50/3 mgkg mg kg b 5015 15 50/1 c 5075 7 5 50/7. d e positive control control) f 09 0 9 0.9 negative control. . 20 (2 µL 20%, 20% , 20%) 2 µM, µM µM) 2. µg parameter 719 71 71.9 0.0001. 00001 0.0001 0001 0.0001) 0.005. 0005 0.005 005 0.005) 542 54 54.2 667 66 66.7 findings i.p (i.p 503 50/ 501 1 507 50/7 0. ( 71. 0000 0.000 000 0.00 00 54. 6 66. 0.0

Abstract The aim was to evaluate in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Bio-C Repair (BCR), compared to Endosequence BC Root Repair (ERRM), MTA Angelus (MTA-Ang), and MTA Repair HP (MTA-HP). MC3T3 osteoblastic cells were exposed to extracts of the repairing bioceramic cements. After 1, 3, and 7 days, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were evaluated by MTT and Micronucleus tests, respectively. Cells not exposed to biomaterials were used as a negative control. Data were compared using ANOVA two-way, followed by the Tukey Test (α=5%). MTA-Ang and MTA-HP showed no difference in relation to control regarding cytotoxicity in any experimental times. BCR and ERRM reduced cell viability after 3 and 7 days (p<0.05); however, the reduction caused by BCR was less than that caused by ERRM. Considering the micronucleus formation, all biomaterials caused an increase after 3 and 7 days (p<0.05), being greater for the BCR and ERRM groups. It can be concluded that BCR is non-cytotoxic in osteoblastic cells, as well as MTA-Ang e MTA Repair HP. BCR and ERRM showed greater genotoxicity than others tested biomaterials. BioC Bio C BCR, , (BCR) ERRM, (ERRM) MTAAng, MTAAng Ang (MTA-Ang) MTAHP. MTAHP . (MTA-HP) MCT MC T MC3T cements 1 tests respectively twoway, twoway two way, way two-way α=5%. α5 α α=5% 5 (α=5%) times p<0.05 p005 p 0 05 (p<0.05) however formation p<0.05, groups noncytotoxic non cytotoxic (BCR (ERRM (MTA-Ang (MTA-HP α=5 (α=5% p<0.0 p00 (p<0.05 α= (α=5 p<0. p0 (p<0.0 (α= p<0 (p<0. (α p< (p<0 (p< (p

Resumo O objetivo foi avaliar in vitro a citotoxicidade e genotoxicidade do Bio-C Repair (BCR), em comparação com o Endosequence BC Root Repair (ERRM), MTA Angelus (MTA-Ang) e MTA Repair HP (MTA-HP). As células osteoblásticas MC3T3 foram expostas aos extratos dos cimentos biocerâmicos reparadores. Após 1, 3 e 7 dias, a citotoxicidade e a genotoxicidade foram avaliadas pelos testes MTT e Micronúcleo, respectivamente. Células não expostas aos biomateriais foram utilizadas como controle negativo. Os dados foram comparados por ANOVA de dois fatores, seguido do Teste de Tukey (p = 5 %). MTA-Ang e MTA-HP não apresentaram diferença em relação ao controle quanto à citotoxicidade em nenhum dos tempos experimentais. BCR e ERRM reduziram a viabilidade celular após 3 e 7 dias (p < 0,05); no entanto, a redução causada pelo BCR foi menor que aquela causada pelo ERRM. Todos os biomateriais causaram aumento na formação de micronúcleos após 3 e 7 dias (p < 0,05), sendo maior para os grupos BCR e ERRM. O BCR não é citotóxico em células osteoblásticas, assim como cimentos MTA-Ang e MTA Repair HP. BCR e ERRM apresentaram maior genotoxicidade do que outros biomateriais testados. BioC Bio C BCR, , (BCR) ERRM, (ERRM) MTAAng Ang (MTA-Ang MTAHP. MTAHP . (MTA-HP) MCT MC T MC3T reparadores 1 Micronúcleo respectivamente negativo fatores p %. % %) experimentais 0,05 005 0 05 0,05) entanto 0,05, testados (BCR (ERRM (MTA-HP 0,0 00 0,

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation (GI) on the physicochemical, technological, antioxidant and microbiological characteristics of different whole sorghum flours (WSF), as well as to characterize the profile of chemical constituents by paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS). The doses applied interfered in the staining characteristics of the evaluated flours, providing the darkening of the same. For the other physicochemical, technological, and antioxidant parameters, no significant influence of the process was observed. The fingerprint obtained in both ionization modes had not been influenced by irradiation, being flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, amino acids, benzoic acid derivatives, carboxylic acids, and sugars tentatively identified. In microbiological terms, there was a reduction of molds, yeasts, and Bacillus cereus in irradiated WSF compared to control (non-irradiated). Therefore, the application of low doses of gamma irradiation represents an advantageous alternative for the conservation of WSF and maintenance of bioactive compounds identified by the PS-MS technique. GI (GI physicochemical technological WSF, , (WSF) PSMS. PSMS PS MS . (PS-MS) same parameters observed flavonoids phenylpropanoids acids derivatives terms molds yeasts nonirradiated. nonirradiated non (non-irradiated) Therefore technique (WSF (PS-MS (non-irradiated

BACKGROUND The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants can infect common mice inducing significant pathological lung lesions and inflammatory responses. This substantially mimics coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection and pathogenesis in humans. OBJECTIVES To characterise the effects of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S1 receptor-binding domain (RBD) peptide in murine macrophage and microglial cells’ immune activation compared with classical PAMPs in vitro. METHODS Murine RAW 264.7 macrophages and BV2 microglial cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of the RBD peptide (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 µg/mL), Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Poly(I:C) and evaluated after two and 24 h for significant markers of macrophage activation. We determined the effects of RBD peptide on cell viability, cleaved caspase 3 expressions, and nuclear morphometry analysis. FINDINGS In RAW cells, RBD peptide was cytotoxic, but not for BV2 cells. RAW cells presented increased arginase activity and IL-10 production; however, BV2 cells expressed iNOS and IL-6 after RBD peptide exposure. In addition, RAW cells increased cleaved-caspase-3, apoptosis, and mitotic catastrophe after RBD peptide stimulation but not BV2 cells. CONCLUSION RBD peptide exposure has different effects depending on the cell line, exposure time, and concentration. This study brings new evidence about the immunogenic profile of RBD in macrophage and microglial cells, advancing the understanding of SARS-Cov2 immuno- and neuropathology. SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV (SARS-CoV-2 responses 1 COVID19 COVID (COVID-19 humans SARS-CoV- S receptorbinding receptor binding (RBD vitro 2647 264 7 264. BV 0.01, 001 0 01 (0.01 005 05 0.05 0. µg/mL, µgmL µg/mL , µg mL µg/mL) LPS (LPS PolyIC Poly I C Poly(I:C viability expressions analysis cytotoxic IL10 IL 10 IL-1 production however IL6 6 IL- addition cleavedcaspase3, cleavedcaspase3 cleavedcaspase 3, cleaved-caspase-3 apoptosis line time concentration SARSCov2 SARSCov Cov2 Cov SARS-Cov immuno neuropathology (SARS-CoV- COVID1 (COVID-1 SARS-CoV 26 0.01 00 (0.0 0.0 IL1 cleaved-caspase- (SARS-CoV (COVID- (0. cleaved-caspase (COVID (0 (

Abstract Fruit ripening promoted by the exogenous application of ethylene analogs, such as calcium carbide, has commercial advantages. Thus, the knowledge of the responses of fruits treated with ethylene-inducing agents is essential to optimize the use of these substances. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of exposure to calcium carbide on the anticipation and standardization of postharvest ripening of cajá-manga fruits. Physiologically mature fruits were exposed to calcium carbide for 24 hours at concentrations 0, 20, 40, 80, and 110 g m-3. The fruits were stored at a temperature of 28±2 °C and evaluated at 0, 2, 4, and 6 days for the loss of fresh mass, color of the epidermis and pulp given by the CIELAB color space, titratable acidity, soluble solids content, the ratio between soluble solids content and titratable acidity, and vitamin C content. Cajá-manga fruits treated with different concentrations of calcium carbide had their ripening anticipated without compromising their characteristics. The concentrations of 20, 40, and 80 g m-3 of calcium carbide allowed the anticipation and standardization of fruit ripening within four days during storage, while for the highest concentration (110 g m-3), complete maturation was accelerated, occurring between two and four days of storage. analogs advantages Thus ethyleneinducing inducing substances cajámanga cajá manga 2 0 20 40 11 m3. m3 m 3. 3 282 28 28± 4 mass space acidity Cajámanga Cajá characteristics 8 m- storage (11 m3, , m-3) accelerated 1 (1 (

Resumo O amadurecimento de frutos promovido pela aplicação exógena de análogos de etileno, como o carbureto de cálcio, tem vantagens comerciais. Assim, o conhecimento das respostas de frutos tratados com agentes indutores de etileno é essencial para otimizar o uso dessas substâncias. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da exposição ao carbureto de cálcio na antecipação e na padronização do amadurecimento pós-colheita de frutos de cajá-manga. Frutos fisiologicamente maduros foram expostos ao carbureto de cálcio nas concentrações de 0; 20; 40; 80 e 110 g m-3 por 24 horas. Os frutos foram armazenados a uma temperatura de 28±2 °C e avaliados aos 0; 2; 4 e 6 dias quanto à perda de massa fresca, cor da epiderme e polpa dada pelo espaço de cor CIELAB, acidez titulável, teor de sólidos solúveis, relação entre o teor de sólidos solúveis e a acidez titulável, e teor de vitamina C. Frutos de cajá-manga tratados com diferentes concentrações de carbureto de cálcio tiveram seu amadurecimento antecipado sem comprometer suas características. As concentrações de 20; 40 e 80 g m-3 de carbureto de cálcio permitiram a antecipação e a padronização do amadurecimento dos frutos em quatro dias, durante o armazenamento, Enquanto para a maior concentração (110 g m-3), a maturação completa foi acelerada, ocorrendo entre dois e quatro dias de armazenamento. comerciais Assim substâncias póscolheita pós colheita cajámanga. cajámanga cajá manga. manga 0 20 8 11 m3 m 3 m- 2 horas 282 28 28± C fresca CIELAB titulável características armazenamento (11 m3, , m-3) acelerada 1 (1 (

Resumen La resolución se refiere a la capacidad de resolver problemas de salud en los servicios. En 1999, el Subsistema de Atención de Salud Indígena se integró en el Sistema Único de Salud de Brasil, siguiendo sus principios y directrices. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar y mapear los desafíos o problemas relacionados con las prácticas de salud para resolver en el Subsistema de Salud Indígena después de la integración. Esta es una revisión de alcance que utilizó seis bases de datos nacionales e internacionales. Los estudios elegibles se basaron en PCC mnemónicos (P: población indígena; C: desafíos o problemas para la resolución; C: subsistema de salud indígena brasileño). Se encontraron 1.748 estudios y se seleccionaron 33, con predominio de estudios cualitativos. Los desafíos o problemas que son sensibles al proceso de resolución se encontraron en los aspectos que están relacionados con la educación en salud, la interculturalidad, el acceso universal y los recursos de gestión. El conocimiento tradicional es subestimado por el sistema de salud. La deficiencia de recursos humanos y materiales, la falta de educación permanente efectiva y de capacitaciones para trabajar en el contexto intercultural, producen barreras para acceder y comprometer la solubilidad en los servicios, aumentando así las desigualdades en salud. servicios 1999 Brasil directrices integración internacionales P (P C brasileño. brasileño . brasileño) 1748 1 748 1.74 33 cualitativos interculturalidad gestión materiales intercultural 199 174 74 1.7 3 19 17 7 1.

Abstract Resolubility relates to the ability to solve health problems in services. In 1999, the Indigenous Health Care Subsystem was integrated into the Brazilian Unified Health System, following its principles and guidelines. The objective of this study was to identify and map the challenges or problems related to health practices for solving in the Indigenous Health Subsystem after integration. This is a scope review that used six national and international databases. Eligible studies were based on mnemonic PCC (P: indigenous population; C: challenges or problems for resolution; C: Brazilian indigenous health subsystem). A total of 1,748 studies were found and 33 were selected, with predominance of qualitative studies. The challenges or problems that are sensitive to the resolution process were found in the aspects that are related to health education, interculturality, universal access and management resources. Traditional knowledge is underrated by the health system. The deficiency of human and material resources, the lack of effective permanent education and capacitations to work in the intercultural context, produce barriers to access and compromise the resolubility in services, thus increasing the inequities in health. services 1999 System guidelines integration databases P (P population C subsystem. subsystem . subsystem) 1748 1 748 1,74 3 selected interculturality resources system context 199 174 74 1,7 19 17 7 1,

Resumo A resolutividade relaciona-se à capacidade de solução dos problemas de saúde nos serviços. Em 1999, o Subsistema de Atenção à Saúde Indígena foi integrado ao Sistema Único de Saúde no Brasil, passando a seguir os seus princípios e diretrizes. Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar e mapear os desafios ou problemas relacionados às práticas em saúde para a resolutividade no Subsistema de Saúde Indígena após a integração. Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo que utilizou seis bases de dados nacionais e internacionais. Os estudos elegíveis tiveram como critério base o mnemônico PCC (P: população indígena; C: desafios ou problemas para a resolutividade; C: subsistema de saúde indígena brasileiro). Foram encontrados 1.748 estudos e selecionados 33, com predomínio de estudos qualitativos. Os desafios ou problemas sensíveis para o processo da resolutividade foram encontrados nos aspectos que tangem à educação em saúde, à interculturalidade, ao acesso universal e aos recursos em gestão. O saber tradicional é pouco valorizado pelo sistema de saúde. A deficiência de recursos humanos e materiais, a falta de efetiva educação permanente e de capacitações para trabalhar no contexto intercultural produzem barreiras de acesso e comprometem a resolutividade nos serviços, aumentando assim as iniquidades em saúde. relacionase relaciona se serviços 1999 Brasil diretrizes integração Tratase Trata internacionais P (P C brasileiro. brasileiro . brasileiro) 1748 1 748 1.74 33 qualitativos interculturalidade gestão materiais 199 174 74 1.7 3 19 17 7 1.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the effect of noise on electrophysiological measurements (P1-N1-P2 complex) of cortical auditory evoked potentials in normal hearing individuals of different ages. Methods: The inclusion criteria for the study were young individuals, adults and elderly, aged 18–75 years, with auditory thresholds up to 25 dB. Participants were separated according to their age group: G1 (18–25 years old), G2 (31–59 years old) and G3 (60–75 years old). Cortical auditory evoked potentials were elicited with synthetic speech stimulus /da/ presented in two conditions: without masking and with masking (Delta-t 64ms). The results were expressed and analyzed using statistical measures. Results: High latencies and reduced amplitudes were observed in the Delta-t 64 ms condition, in all age groups. There were significant differences between the groups, both in P1 latencies for the two conditions and in N1 latencies in the Delta-t 64 ms condition. P1 latencies in the condition without masking were lower in G1 and P1 and N1 latencies in the Delta-t 64 ms condition were higher in G3. The described results show the influence of noise on cortical responses in all age groups, with G3 being the most affected by the masking presentation. Conclusion: The latency and amplitude measurements vary according to the stimulus presentation condition and age group. The forward masking phenomenon occurred with greater precision in G3. Level of evidence: (2c). Objective P1N1P2 PNP P2 P N (P1-N1-P complex ages Methods elderly 1875 18 75 18–7 2 dB group G 18–25 1825 (18–2 old, old , 31–59 3159 31 59 (31–5 60–75 6075 60 (60–7 old. . da /da Deltat Delta t 64ms. 64ms 64ms) measures Results 6 groups Conclusion evidence 2c. 2c c (2c) P1N1P 187 1 7 18– 18–2 182 (18– 31–5 315 3 5 (31– 60–7 607 (60– (2c (18 31– (31 60– (60 (1 (3 (6 (

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi prospectar fontes de resistência ao nematoide-das-galhas Meloidogyne enterolobii em espécies silvestres de Solanum e híbridos com potencial para serem utilizados como porta-enxertos para solanáceas cultivadas. Vinte e três acessos de sete espécies de Solanum, bem como 35 híbridos de dois cruzamentos interespecíficos, foram caracterizados quanto à resistência a M. enterolobii. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação em Brasília-DF, Brasil, em delineamento de blocos inteiramente casualizados, com quatro repetições de uma planta por vaso inoculada com ovos do nematoide, avaliadas quanto às variáveis nematológicas: índice de massa de ovos, índice de galhas, número de ovos por grama de raiz e fator de reprodução. Todos os acessos de Solanum torvum, S. paludosum e S. paniculatum apresentaram alta resistência. No caso de S. crinitum, S. macrocarpon e S. sisymbriifolium, as reações foram variadas, com seis de sete, dois de cinco e um de três acessos resistentes, respectivamente. Vinte e três dos 24 híbridos interespecíficos entre S. stramonifolium var. inerme e S. stramonifolium, e cinco híbridos interespecíficos de S. stramonifolium e S. aethiopicum gr. gilo, entre onze, também foram resistentes. Esses resultados são de interesse prático para o controle do nematoide-das-galhas, uma vez que solanáceas cultivadas resistentes a M. enterolobii são de difícil obtenção por meio de melhoramento convencional. Por isso, a identificação de resistência em espécies de Solanum compatíveis com as espécies cultivadas pode ser importante para permitir o uso como porta-enxertos.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to prospect sources of resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii in wild Solanum species and hybrids to be used as potential rootstocks for cultivated Solanaceae. Twenty-three accessions of seven Solanum species, as well as 35 interspecific hybrids of two crosses, were characterized for their resistance to M. enterolobii. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse in Brasília-DF, Brazil, in a completely randomized block design with four replications of one plant per pot. Plants were inoculated with egg masses and evaluated for the nematological variables egg mass index, galls index, number of eggs per root gram and reproduction factor. Solanum torvum, S. paludosum, and S. paniculatum presented high levels of resistance. Six among seven accessions of S. crinitum were resistant, as well as two accessions among five of S. macrocarpon, and one among three of S. sisymbriifolium. Except one, the 24 interspecific hybrids among S. stramonifolium var. inerme and S. stramonifolium, as well as five interspecific hybrids of S. stramonifolium and S. aethiopicum gr. gilo, among eleven were resistant. These results are relevant, since cultivated Solanaceae species of economic importance resistant to M. enterolobii are difficult to obtain by conventional breeding. Therefore, the identification of resistance in Solanum species compatible for grafting with cultivated species can be important to enable their use as rootstocks for disease control.

RESUMO Um dos principais fitopatógenos que causam prejuízos econômicos em diversas espécies agrícolas, inclusive cenoura, são os nematoides-das-galhas, pertencentes ao gênero Meloidogyne. Assim, com o objetivo de identificar o melhor nível populacional de inóculo de Meloidogyne incognita para a máxima expressão de sintomas do ataque de nematoides-das-galhas em cenoura, foi realizado um experimento que avaliou os genótipos de cenoura cv. Brasília (CBR) e a população Pop-750 (CRO). O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação da Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasília-DF em vasos de 5 L, com seis repetições, em esquema fatorial 4x2 em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, nas dosagens de 0, 1, 5 e 10 mil ovos e eventuais juvenis de segundo estádio (O+J2R). O tomateiro suscetível ‘Rutgers’ foi utilizado como testemunha para verificar eficiência do inóculo. A inoculação foi realizada 30 dias após a semeadura e, a avaliação, 60 dias após a inoculação. Foi realizada a avaliação dos índices de galhas (IG) e de massas de ovos (IMO), do número de ovos mais eventuais juvenis de segundo estádio por grama de raiz (O+J2R) e do fator de reprodução (FR). Houve diferenças entre os genótipos e entre os níveis de inóculo para todas as variáveis avaliadas. Para CRO, os níveis de inóculo de M. incognita a partir de mil O+J2 as plantas já manifestaram sintomas e alterações para todas as variáveis avaliadas, com os níveis ideais em torno de 5 a 7 mil O+J2R, sendo que acima de 7 mil O+J2R a multiplicação do nematoide para expressar sintomas diminuiu. Para a CBR, as variáveis índices O+J2R na raiz e FR, os níveis de inóculo próximos a 5 mil O+J2R também apresentam os melhores resultados. Quando a caracterização for baseada na avaliação da formação de galha (IG) e massa de ovos (IMO), os níveis de inóculo adequados seriam entre 9 e 12 mil O+J2R.

ABSTRACT One of the main phytopathogens that cause enormous economic losses in several agricultural species, including carrots, are the root-knot nematodes belonging to the genus Meloidogyne. Thus, in order to identify the best population level for inoculum of the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) for maximum expression of symptoms of this nematode attack on carrots, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the carrot cultivar Brasília (CBR) and the population Pop-750 (CRO). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at Embrapa Vegetable, Brasília-DF, in 5 L pots, with six replications, in a 4x2 factorial scheme in a completely randomized design, in the dosages of 0, 1, 5 and 10 thousand eggs and occasional juveniles of 2nd stage (E+J2R). ‘Rutgers’ susceptible tomato cultivar was used as control to verify inoculum efficiency. Inoculation was carried out 30 days after sowing and evaluation 60 days after inoculation. Gall index (GI), egg mass index (EMI), number of eggs plus occasional second stage juveniles per gram of root (E+J2R) and reproduction factor (RF) were performed. There were differences between genotypes and between inoculum levels for all variables evaluated. For CRO, inoculum levels of M. incognita from 1,000 E+J2 the plants already manifested symptoms and changes in all evaluated variables, with ideal levels around 5 to 7 thousand E+J2R, above 7 thousand E+J2R nematode multiplication to express symptoms decreased. For CBR the response variables E+J2 at root and RF inoculum levels close to 5 thousand E+J2R also present the best results, but when the characterization is based on the evaluation of GI and EMI, suitable inoculum levels would be close to 9 and 12 thousand E+J2R.

ABSTRACT Among the less exploited Brazilian native fruit trees, the Spondias dulcis (cajá-manga) has many uses, being their fruits appreciated in fresh consumption and its pulp used in popsicles, ice-creams, and jellies production. However, there is a lack of research on this species, being necessary more studies. This work aimed to characterize the physical and chemical quality and the genetic diversity of Spondias dulcis fruits harvested in different accessions in the municipality of Jataí - GO. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with six treatments (accessions), ten replications with ten fruits per plot, totaling a sample of 600 fruits. The fruits were evaluated for pulp and peel color, pulp yield, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, soluble solids content/titratable acidity ratio, and vitamin C content. The fruits from accessions M4 and M5 presented physical and chemical characteristics higher than the other plants. The evaluated accessions presented genetic variability, being the methodology employed efficiently to indicate this variability, in which the accession M2 was the most divergent.