SIGNIFICANCE: Neuroscientific technologies to assess, monitor and influence brain activity offer tremendous potential in the prevention and treatment of neurological and mental illnesses. However, these innovations, and their pursuit, also raise serious ethical questions. Neuroethics is a field that explores the ethical, legal, societal, philosophical, and cultural implications of neuroscience and related neurotechnologies. Many of these considerations have distinct cultural and contextual dimensions. Along with the advancement of neuroscience research in Africa, it is therefore critical to advance neuroethics as an integral component of neuroscience research on the continent.

ABSTRACT: This paper provides pioneering estimates of the impact of loan-to-value (LTV) ratios, also known as leverage, on Bolivia’s GDP. The empirical evidence reveals the pro-cyclicality between the economic and financial cycles, which affects the intertemporal resource allocation processes between the financial and real sectors. The findings from the RBC model demonstrate that shocks in the loan-to-value (LTV) ratios trigger a rise in housing prices and greater consumption by entrepreneurs, leading to an increase in investment, employment, and output. Additionally, the study confirms that LTV ratios can be a double-edged instrument, as excessive use can potentially destabilize the economy.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de la presente investigación es evidenciar los efectos del loan- to-value (LTV, apalancamiento) en el PIB de Bolivia. Los hechos estilizados muestran una relación procíclica entre el ciclo económico y financiero, aspecto que influye en los procesos intertemporales de asignación de recursos del sector financiero hacia el sector real. Los resultados del modelo RBC revelan que choques positivos (impulso-respuesta) en el LTV generan precios más elevados de los activos, un ciclo financiero positivo, reflejado en un incremento del nivel de créditos y depósitos; lo que se traduce en mayores niveles de inversión, empleo y producto. Asimismo, se corrobora que el LTV es un instrumento de doble filo y el uso excesivo puede desestabilizar la economía.

Background: The concept introduced by enhanced recovery after surgery protocols modifies perioperative traditional care in digestive surgery. The integration of these modern recommendations components during the perioperative period are highly important to ensure less postoperative complications, reduced length of hospital stay and decreased surgical costs. Aims: The aim of this position paper is to emphasize the most important points of a multimodal perioperative care protocol. Methods:  A careful analysis of each recommendation of both ERAS and ACERTO protocols is presented, justifying its inclusion in the recommended multimodal care of digestive surgery patients. Results: Enhanced recovery programs (ERPs) such as ERAS and ACERTO protocols are a cornerstone in modern perioperative care. Nutritional therapy is highly important in digestive surgery and thus both preoperative and postoperative nutrition care are key to ensure less postoperative complications and to reduce the length of hospital stay. The concept of prehabilitation is another key element in ERPs. Management of crystalloid fluids in a perfect balance in vital. Fluid overload may delay the recovery of patients and increase postoperative complications. Abbreviation of preoperative fast for 2h before anesthesia is now accepted by various guidelines of both surgical and anesthesiology societies. Combined with early postoperative refeeding, these prescriptions are not only safe but can also enhance recovery of patients undergoing digestive procedures. Conclusions: This Brazilian College of Digestive Surgery position paper strongly emphasizes that the implementation of ERPs in digestive surgery represents a paradigm shift in perioperative care, transcending traditional practices and embracing an intelligent approach to patient well-being.   Background: The concept introduced by enhanced recovery after surgery protocols modifies perioperative traditional care in digestive surgery. The integration of these modern recommendations components during the perioperative period are highly important to ensure less postoperative complications, reduced length of hospital stay and decreased surgical costs. Aims: The aim of this position paper is to emphasize the most important points of a multimodal perioperative care protocol. Methods:  A careful analysis of each recommendation of both ERAS and ACERTO protocols is presented, justifying its inclusion in the recommended multimodal care of digestive surgery patients. Results: Enhanced recovery programs (ERPs) such as ERAS and ACERTO protocols are a cornerstone in modern perioperative care. Nutritional therapy is highly important in digestive surgery and thus both preoperative and postoperative nutrition care are key to ensure less postoperative complications and to reduce the length of hospital stay. The concept of prehabilitation is another key element in ERPs. Management of crystalloid fluids in a perfect balance in vital. Fluid overload may delay the recovery of patients and increase postoperative complications. Abbreviation of preoperative fast for 2h before anesthesia is now accepted by various guidelines of both surgical and anesthesiology societies. Combined with early postoperative refeeding, these prescriptions are not only safe but can also enhance recovery of patients undergoing digestive procedures. Conclusions: This Brazilian College of Digestive Surgery position paper strongly emphasizes that the implementation of ERPs in digestive surgery represents a paradigm shift in perioperative care, transcending traditional practices and embracing an intelligent approach to patient well-being.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The concept introduced by protocols of enhanced recovery after surgery modifies perioperative traditional care in digestive surgery. The integration of these modern recommendations components during the perioperative period is of great importance to ensure fewer postoperative complications, reduced length of hospital stay, and decreased surgical costs. AIMS: To emphasize the most important points of a multimodal perioperative care protocol. METHODS: Careful analysis of each recommendation of both ERAS and ACERTO protocols, justifying their inclusion in the multimodal care recommended for digestive surgery patients. RESULTS: Enhanced recovery programs (ERPs) such as ERAS and ACERTO protocols are a cornerstone in modern perioperative care. Nutritional therapy is fundamental in digestive surgery, and thus, both preoperative and postoperative nutrition care are key to ensuring fewer postoperative complications and reducing the length of hospital stay. The concept of prehabilitation is another key element in ERPs. The handling of crystalloid fluids in a perfect balance is vital. Fluid overload can delay the recovery of patients and increase postoperative complications. Abbreviation of preoperative fasting for two hours before anesthesia is now accepted by various guidelines of both surgical and anesthesiology societies. Combined with early postoperative refeeding, these prescriptions are not only safe but can also enhance the recovery of patients undergoing digestive procedures. CONCLUSIONS: This position paper from the Brazilian College of Digestive Surgery strongly emphasizes that the implementation of ERPs in digestive surgery represents a paradigm shift in perioperative care, transcending traditional practices and embracing an intelligent approach to patient well-being. BACKGROUND stay costs AIMS protocol METHODS RESULTS (ERPs thus vital societies refeeding procedures CONCLUSIONS wellbeing. wellbeing well being. being well-being

RESUMO RACIONAL: O conceito introduzido pelos protocolos de recuperação após a cirurgia modifica os cuidados perioperatórios tradicionais em cirurgia digestiva. A integração desses componentes modernos de recomendações, durante o período perioperatório, é de grande importância para garantir menos complicações pós-operatórias, redução do tempo de internação hospitalar e diminuição dos custos cirúrgicos. OBJETIVOS: Enfatizar os pontos mais importantes de um protocolo multimodal de cuidados perioperatórios. MÉTODOS: Análise criteriosa de cada recomendação dos protocolos ERAS e ACERTO, justificando sua inclusão no atendimento multimodal recomendado para pacientes de cirurgia digestiva. RESULTADOS: Os programas de recuperação avançada (PRAs), tais como os protocolos ERAS e ACERTO, são a base dos cuidados perioperatórios modernos. A terapia nutricional é de grande importância na cirurgia digestiva e, portanto, tanto os cuidados nutricionais pré-operatórios, quanto pós-operatórios são fundamentais para garantir menos complicações pós-operatórias e reduzir o tempo de internação hospitalar. O conceito de pré-habilitação é outro elemento-chave nos PRAs. O manuseio de fluidos cristalóides em perfeito equilíbrio é vital. A sobrecarga de fluidos pode atrasar a recuperação dos pacientes e aumentar as complicações pós-operatórias. A abreviação do jejum pré-operatório para duas horas antes da anestesia é agora aceita por diversas diretrizes das sociedades cirúrgicas e de anestesiologia. Combinadas com a realimentação pós-operatória precoce, essas prescrições não são apenas seguras, mas também podem melhorar a recuperação de pacientes submetidos a procedimentos digestivos. CONCLUSÕES: Este posicionamento do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgia Digestiva enfatiza fortemente que a implementação de PRAs em cirurgia digestive, representa uma mudança de paradigma no cuidado perioperatório, transcendendo as práticas tradicionais e adotando uma abordagem inteligente para o bem-estar do paciente. RACIONAL recomendações perioperatório pósoperatórias, pósoperatórias pós operatórias, operatórias cirúrgicos OBJETIVOS MÉTODOS ACERTO RESULTADOS PRAs, , (PRAs) portanto préoperatórios, préoperatórios pré operatórios, operatórios pré-operatórios pósoperatórios préhabilitação habilitação elementochave elemento chave vital pósoperatórias. operatórias. préoperatório operatório anestesiologia pósoperatória operatória precoce seguras digestivos CONCLUSÕES digestive bemestar bem estar paciente (PRAs

A series of 4H-pyran derivatives were synthesized through a three-component condensation reaction in a pot using aromatic aldehyde, cyclohexanedione, and malononitrile in the dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid/H2O microemulsion system. This protocol is attractive because dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid microemulsion is superior for organic reaction due to its dual catalysis. On the one hand, dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid acts as a Brønsted acid to catalyze the reaction; on the other hand, it can form a microemulsion as surfactant to enlarge the boundary area and entrap water produced during esterification reaction. In addition, the reaction process is simple, with high liaison formation effciency, good yields, and environmentally harmless reaction conditions. The dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid/H2O microemulsion system was equally effective when used in consecutive reactions. 4Hpyran Hpyran 4H pyran H threecomponent three component aldehyde cyclohexanedione acidH2O acidHO H2O O catalysis hand addition simple effciency yields conditions reactions acidH HO

Abstract This work tested the use of a superabsorbent polymer (hydrogel) in a silvopastoral system with Brazilian-rosewood (Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Allemão ex Benth.) in a degraded pasture area. The experimental site is part of the Bananal do Norte experimental farm, Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Over 480 seedlings were planted and submitted to the treatments: Dry hydrogel (DRY); Hydrated hydrogel around the root ball (HAR); Hydrated hydrogel mixed with soil (HMS); and water only (WAT). The design was in randomized blocks, with three repetitions. The tested variables were plant survival, height and root collar diameter until 672 days after planting, soil moisture at 93 days after planting and total biomass and leaf chemical analysis at 184 days after planting. Survival was positively influenced by the application of the hydrogel, but there was little or no effect regarding the application method. The hydrogel and its application techniques did not alter growth in height and root collar diameter. The polymer did not influence the development in biomass and nutritional content of the leaves, but did influence the biomass distribution. The use of the superabsorbent polymer was therefore not effective in accelerating plant growth and anticipating the stages in the implantation of the silvopastoral system. (hydrogel Brazilianrosewood Brazilian rosewood Dalbergia Vell. Vell (Vell. Benth. Benth area farm Itapemirim Santo Brazil 48 treatments DRY (DRY) HAR (HAR) HMS (HMS) WAT. WAT . (WAT) blocks repetitions survival 67 9 18 method leaves distribution (Vell 4 (DRY (HAR (HMS (WAT 6 1

Resumo Neste trabalho, foi testado o uso de um polímero superabsorvente (hidrogel) em sistema silvipastoril com jacarandá-da-bahia (Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Allemão ex Benth.), em área de pastagem degradada. A área experimental faz parte da fazenda experimental Bananal do Norte, Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Espírito Santo, Brasil. Mais de 480 mudas foram plantadas e submetidas aos tratamentos Hidrogel seco (DRY); Hidrogel hidratado ao redor do torrão (HAR); Hidrogel hidratado misturado com solo (HMS); e apenas água (WAT). O delineamento foi em blocos casualizado, com três repetições. As variáveis testadas foram sobrevivência da planta, altura e diâmetro do coleto, até 672 dias após o plantio, umidade do solo aos 93 dias após o plantio e biomassa total e análise química foliar aos 184 dias após o plantio. A sobrevivência foi positivamente influenciada pela aplicação do hidrogel, mas pouca ou nenhuma diferença foi observada para os métodos de aplicação. O hidrogel e suas técnicas de aplicação não afetaram o crescimento em altura e diâmetro do coleto. O polímero não influenciou o desenvolvimento em biomassa e conteúdo nutricional das folhas, mas influenciou na distribuição de biomassa. Portanto, o uso do polímero superabsorvente não foi efetivo para acelerar o crescimento das plântulas e antecipar etapas na implantação de sistemas silvipastoris. trabalho (hidrogel jacarandádabahia jacarandá bahia Dalbergia Vell. Vell (Vell. Benth., Benth Benth. , Benth.) degradada Norte Itapemirim Santo Brasil 48 DRY (DRY) HAR (HAR) HMS (HMS) WAT. WAT . (WAT) casualizado repetições planta coleto 67 9 18 folhas Portanto silvipastoris (Vell 4 (DRY (HAR (HMS (WAT 6 1

ABSTRACT Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density (GM-PHD) filtering often assumes a uniform distribution of clutter in the observation area. However, in practice, clutter is often unknown and non-uniform, necessitating accurate estimation of its spatial distribution, non-uniformity, and temporal variations. To address this problem, we proposed a modified GM-PHD filtering method with clutter density estimation for multiple target tracking. In the proposed method, first, potential target measurements within the tracking gate are eliminated to obtain the clutter measurement set. Next, the clutter density around each target is estimated. Finally, the estimated clutter density is incorporated into GM-PHD filtering, to estimate the target state and clutter density in complex clutter environments. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed filtering method improves the performance of the GM-PHD filter in multi-target tracking scenarios with unknown clutter density. GMPHD GM PHD (GM-PHD area However practice nonuniform, nonuniform non uniform, non-uniform nonuniformity, nonuniformity uniformity, uniformity non-uniformity variations problem first set Next Finally environments multitarget multi

Abstract Grangea maderaspatana is a valuable medicinal plant growing in salt-affected areas, but its tolerance capability, physiological and biochemical responses to salinity is still unclear. To understand these traits, this study examined effects of salinity at different levels (50-400 mM NaCl) on plant growth and its responses. The results shown that the plant’s dry biomass decreased with increasing salinity levels of 100-400 mM NaCl, but its growth was maintained at 400 mM NaCl level with a dry biomass equal to 0.45 times that of the control, indicating that G. maderaspatana had a tolerance ability to high salinity. The plant also had adaptive responses to the salinity. The content of leaf chlorophylls and carotenoids were retained, even enhanced by 50-200 mM NaCl, suggesting a high adaptation of photosynthesis. Proline, Na+, and Cl- was highly accumulated while the accumulation of K+ and NO3 - was maintained with 200-400 mM NaCl, indicating that the plant had adaptive mechanisms for osmotic adjustment and ion homeostasis. Antioxidative activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase were enhanced by the salinity. These findings are useful information for understanding salt tolerance mechanisms and for utilization of this medicinal plant in saline agriculture. saltaffected affected areas capability unclear traits 50400 50 (50-40 plants s 100400 100 100-40 40 045 0 45 0.4 control G retained 50200 200 50-20 photosynthesis Proline Na Na+ Cl K NO 200400 200-40 homeostasis catalase dismutase agriculture 5040 5 (50-4 10040 10 100-4 4 04 0. 5020 20 50-2 20040 200-4 504 (50- 1004 1 100- 502 2 50- 2004 200- (50 (5 (

Abstract The imbalance between pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) may modulate macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype by altering mitochondrial activity. This study aimed to investigate the role of the PGC-1α agonist pioglitazone (PGZ) in modulating sepsis-induced ALI. A mouse model of sepsis-induced ALI was established using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). An in vitro model was created by stimulating MH-S cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). qRT-PCR was used to measure mRNA levels of M1 markers iNOS and MHC-II and M2 markers Arg1 and CD206 to evaluate macrophage polarization. Western blotting detected expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) PGC-1α, and mitochondrial biogenesis proteins NRF1, NRF2, and mtTFA. To assess mitochondrial content and function, reactive oxygen species levels were detected by dihydroethidium staining, and mitochondrial DNA copy number was measured by qRT-PCR. In the CLP-induced ALI mouse model, lung tissues exhibited reduced PGC-1α expression. PGZ treatment rescued PGC-1α expression and alleviated lung injury, as evidenced by decreased lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6), and enhanced M2 macrophage polarization. Mechanistic investigations revealed that PGZ activated the PPARγ/PGC-1α/mitochondrial protection pathway to prevent sepsis-induced ALI by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization. These results may provide new insights and evidence for developing PGZ as a potential ALI therapy. proinflammatory pro inflammatory M antiinflammatory anti sepsisinduced sepsis induced . (ALI) proliferatoractivated proliferator 1alpha alpha 1 PGC1α PGCα PGC 1α α (PGC-1α activity (PGZ CLP. CLP (CLP) MHS MH S LPS. LPS (LPS) qRTPCR qRT PCR MHCII MHC II Arg CD CD20 PPARγ (PPARγ PGC1α, 1α, NRF1 NRF NRF2 mtTFA function staining qRTPCR. PCR. CLPinduced wettodry wet dry ratio tumor factorα, factorα factor α, factor-α interleukin1β, interleukin1β interleukinβ interleukin 1β, 1β β interleukin-1β interleukin6, interleukin6 6 , interleukin-6) PPARγ/PGC1α/mitochondrial PPARγPGC1αmitochondrial PPARγPGCαmitochondrial PPARγ/PGC 1α/mitochondrial therapy (ALI (CLP (LPS CD2 interleukin-6 PPARγPGC αmitochondrial 1αmitochondrial interleukin-

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the differences in gene expression profiles of diploid and autotetraploid in cowpea, and provided theoretical basis for screening key genes of differential expression and ploidy breeding. The phenotypes and contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugar and soluble protein of diploid and autotetraploid of cowpea were compared and transcriptome sequencing was performed. The autotetraploid leaves of cowpea were thicker and darker green than diploid leaves, and the contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugar and soluble protein in leaves were higher. A total of 2678 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed in the diploid and autotetraploid of cowpea. Among them, there were 421 genes with higher expression of tetraploid than diploid, and 2257 genes with lower expression of tetraploid than diploid. All 2678 DEGs were annotated into the Gene Ontology (GO) functional library. The DEGs were mainly concentrated in metabolism and cell composition. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathway analysis showed that cowpea diploid and autotetraploid have significant differences in flavonoid biosynthesis, degradation of other glycan, phenylpropane biosynthesis, starch sucrose metabolism, keratin, amber and wax biosynthesis, circadian rhythm and plant pathways. ABSTRACT breeding chlorophyll performed 267 (DEGs them 42 225 GO (GO library composition KEGG (KEGG biosynthesis glycan keratin pathways 26 4 22 2

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as diferenças nos perfis de expressão gênica de diplóides e autotetraplóides em feijão-caupi e fornecer base teórica para a triagem de genes-chave de expressão diferencial e melhoramento de ploidia. Os fenótipos e teores de clorofila, açúcar solúvel e proteína solúvel de diplóides e autotetraplóides de feijão-caupi foram comparados e o sequenciamento do transcriptoma foi realizado. As folhas autotetraploides do feijão-caupi apresentaram-se mais espessas e de cor verde mais escura que as folhas diplóides, e os teores de clorofila, açúcar solúvel e proteína solúvel nas folhas foram maiores. Um total de 2678 genes diferencialmente expressos (DEG) foram analisados no diplóide e autotetraploide do feijão-caupi. Entre eles, havia 421 genes com maior expressão de tetraploide do que diplóides, e 2257 genes com menor expressão de tetraploide do que diplóides. Todos os 2678 DEGs foram anotados na biblioteca funcional GO. Os DEGs foram concentrados principalmente no metabolismo e na composição celular. A análise da via KEGG mostrou que o diplóides e o autotetraplóide do feijão-caupi apresentam diferenças significativas na biossíntese de flavonoides, degradação de outros glicanos, biossíntese de fenilpropano, metabolismo da sacarose do amido, biossíntese de queratina, âmbar e cera, ritmo circadiano e vias vegetais. RESUMO feijãocaupi feijão caupi geneschave chave ploidia clorofila realizado apresentaramse apresentaram se maiores 267 DEG (DEG feijãocaupi. caupi. eles 42 225 GO celular flavonoides glicanos fenilpropano amido queratina cera vegetais 26 4 22 2

ABSTRACT Against the background of a sharp decline in soybean planting, rising imports, and natural disasters in China, finding appropriate distribution areas for soybean has become a matter of urgency so that soybean planting policies can be formulated and soybean food security ensured. Among the numerous ecological niche models, the most suitable one for predicting potential distribution areas of soybean in the frigid region must be identified. Based on 65 soybean occurrence points and nine environmental variables, three ecological niche models, MaxEnt, BIOCLIM, and DOMAIN, were applied to the prediction of potential distribution areas for soybean. According to the analytical comparison, the three models predicted the potential distribution of soybean and, specifically, MaxEnt, stood out above the other two models as regards predicting the soybean distribution (Receiver Operating Characteristic curve, AUC = 0.916, Kappa = 0.685). The potential distribution areas (from low suitability to high suitability) predicted by MaxEnt was the largest and accounted for 59.5 % of the total area. The potential suitable distribution area of soybean was mainly concentrated in relatively flat terrain. The Sanjiang Plain and the Northeast Plain accounted for 9.4 % of the total area in the frigid region and are highly suitability for soybean. At the same time, annual mean temperature, elevation and Apr solar radiation were the key determinants affecting soybeans’ habitat. On the whole, the selection of ecological niche models and the prediction of soybean potential distribution can provide an essential reference for soybean planting and planning. Moreover, it would be a reliable example for the subsequent related research on soybean habitats. imports China ensured identified 6 variables BIOCLIM DOMAIN comparison specifically Receiver curve 0916 0 916 0.916 0.685. 0685 0.685 . 685 0.685) from 595 59 5 59. terrain 94 9 4 9. time temperature soybeans habitat whole planning Moreover habitats 091 91 0.91 068 0.68 68 09 0.9 06 0.6 0.

Abstract Soil chemical analysis is a fundamental to achieve optimal cultivation conditions in a productive silvopastoral system, essential for the planning and management of this activity. The objective of this research is to map the spatial distribution of nutrients in the soil in a 5-year-old silvopastoral system composed of brachiaria-brizantha and jacarandá-da-bahia, and to analyze the effect of tree density and canopy on nutrient levels. The study was conducted at the experimental area of the Capixaba Institute for Research, Technical Assistance, and Rural Extension (INCAPER) in the district of Pacotuba, ES. The delimitation of the work area was done using geographic information systems, to create a regular grid of points to enable systematic soil sampling. A total of 75 disturbed soil samples were collected at depths of 0-0.10 m to obtain quantitative soil nutrient data. High-quality images obtained using a remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) allowed for the overlay of soil nutrient data, pasture data, forest inventory data, and sample plot data to assist in comparative analyses. This enabled identification of the areas with lower canopy development, particularly in the northeast portion. By cross-referencing the spatialized soil nutrient data with the data obtained through RPA, it was possible to correlate them with the lower or higher development of the system. The use of RPA, together with a georeferenced database, proved to be an innovative and powerful tool to support decision-making, allowing for the monitoring of system evolution and serving as a basis for evaluating the relationship between chemical elements and tree canopies. activity 5yearold yearold 5 year old brachiariabrizantha brachiaria brizantha jacarandádabahia, jacarandádabahia jacarandá da bahia, bahia jacarandá-da-bahia levels Research Assistance INCAPER (INCAPER Pacotuba ES systems sampling 7 00.10 0010 0 0.10 10 0-0.1 Highquality High quality RPA (RPA analyses portion crossreferencing cross referencing database decisionmaking, decisionmaking decision making, making decision-making canopies 00 00.1 001 010 0.1 1 0-0. 00. 01 0. 0-0 0-

Resumo A análise química do solo é uma prática fundamental para obter as condições ideais de cultivo em um sistema silvipastoril produtivo, além de ser essencial para o planejamento e manejo dessa atividade. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo mapear a distribuição espacial dos nutrientes no solo em um sistema silvipastoril de 5 anos composto por brachiaria-brizantha e jacarandá-da-bahia, analisar o efeito da densidade das árvores e das copas nos teores de nutrientes e espacializar os dados. O estudo foi realizado na área experimental do Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (INCAPER), localizada no distrito de Pacotuba, ES. A delimitação da área de trabalho foi realizada com o uso de sistemas de informações geográficas, abrangendo a área cultivada, para criar uma malha regular de pontos para permitir a amostragem sistemática do solo. Foram coletadas 75 amostras deformadas de solo nas profundidades de 0-0,10 m para obtenção dos teores de nutrientes do solo. As imagens de alta qualidade obtidas pelo uso de aeronaves remotamente pilotadas (ARP) permitiram sobrepor os dados de nutrientes do solo, de pastagem, do inventário florestal e das parcelas amostrais para auxiliar nas análises comparativas. Isso possibilitou a identificação de áreas com menor desenvolvimento das copas, principalmente na porção nordeste. Por meio do cruzamento dos dados de espacialização dos nutrientes do solo com os dados obtidos com o uso de ARP, foi possível correlacioná-los quanto ao menor ou maior desenvolvimento do sistema. Assim, a utilização de aeronaves remotamente pilotadas, juntamente com banco de dados georreferenciado, mostrou-se uma ferramenta inovadora e poderosa para apoio na tomada de decisões em sistemas silvipastoris, possibilitando o acompanhamento da evolução do sistema, e servir como base para avaliar a relação entre os elementos químicos e as copas das árvores. produtivo atividade sentido brachiariabrizantha brachiaria brizantha jacarandádabahia, jacarandádabahia jacarandá bahia, bahia jacarandá-da-bahia Pesquisa INCAPER, INCAPER , (INCAPER) Pacotuba ES geográficas cultivada 7 00,10 0010 0 0,10 10 0-0,1 ARP (ARP pastagem comparativas nordeste correlacionálos correlacioná los Assim georreferenciado mostrouse mostrou se silvipastoris (INCAPER 00 00,1 001 010 0,1 1 0-0, 00, 01 0, 0-0 0-

Abstract To investigate the role of Peg13 in modulating the inflammatory response in sepsis, we established Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced 293T cells and mouse models. Peg13 expression was assessed at various time points after infection using RT-qPCR. The levels of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were quantified through ELISA. A total of 44 septic patients and 36 healthy participants were recruited to measure Peg13 and HMGB1 levels in the blood. Peg13 demonstrated significant down-regulation in the supernatant of LPS-induced 293T cells and in the blood of LPS-induced mice. Moreover, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines HMGB1 and IL-6 were elevated in both the supernatant of LPS-induced cell models and blood specimens from LPS-induced murine models, and this elevation could be notably reduced by Peg13 suppression. In a clinical context, Peg13 and HMGB1 levels were higher in septic patients compared to healthy subjects. Peg13 exhibited a negative correlation with HMGB1, C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) among septic patients. Peg13 mitigates the inflammatory response by reducing the release of proinflammatory cytokines HMGB1 and IL-6 in sepsis, presenting a potential therapeutic target for alleviating inflammation in sepsis treatment. Peg Peg1 LPSinduced LPS induced T RTqPCR. RTqPCR RT qPCR. qPCR RT-qPCR HMGB (HMGB1 interleukin6 interleukin 6 interleukin- IL6 IL (IL-6 ELISA 4 3 downregulation down regulation mice Moreover IL- suppression context subjects Creactive C reactive CRP, CRP , (CRP) ESR (ESR treatment (HMGB (IL- (CRP (IL