RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Artroplastia total de quadril pode evoluir com dor pós-operatória intensa. Há várias técnicas disponíveis na prática clínica para analgesia. O bloqueio do plano eretor da espinha lombar (LESP block) pode ser uma opção efetiva, de fácil execução e efeitos adversos mais leves. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 23 anos, alérgica a morfina e tramadol, submetida à artroplastia total de quadril sob sedação leve, anestesia subaracnóidea sem opioides e LESP block guiado por ultrassonografia. Evoluiu com controle de dor efetivo, sem uso de metadona de resgate. CONCLUSÃO: LESP block é fácil de ser executado, pode ser efetivo para analgesia pós-operatória de cirurgias de quadril e apresenta menos efeitos adversos que outras técnicas.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Total hip replacement surgeries may result in intense postoperative pain. There are many analgesia techniques available in clinical practice and lumbar erector spine plane (LESP) block may be an option of an effective technique with milder adverse effects and easier execution. CASE REPORT: Female patient, 23-year-old, allergic to morphine and tramadol, underwent a total left hip arthroplasty under mild sedation, no opioid spinal anesthesia and ultrasound guided LESP. After the surgery the patient’s pain was under control, and methadone rescue analgesia was not used. CONCLUSION: LESP block is easy to perform and may be effective for postoperative analgesia in hip surgeries, with fewer adverse effects than other techniques.

RESUMO Em relação às diversas doenças que reduzem a produção da cultura do tomateiro, destaca-se a ocorrência da virose conhecida como “vira-cabeça”. Epidemias dessa doença são frequentes com altas taxas de progresso e danos significativos. Nesse caso, estudos sobre a variabilidade espaço-temporal podem auxiliar em propor estratégias de manejo. Portanto, o objetivo desse estudo foi mapear a distribuição espacial da incidência do “vira-cabeça” ao longo do tempo em lavoura de tomateiro, para entender os mecanismos de dispersão do patógeno e progresso da doença. Para isso, a presença ou ausência de sintomas da doença foi monitorada ao longo do tempo em 120 plantas georreferenciadas, dispostas em malha regular e distribuídos num espaçamento de 1,0 x 0,5 m. Os dados de incidência da doença foram submetidos à análise geoestatística. Após o ajuste dos semivariogramas foi realizada a interpolação dos dados por krigagem. Houve epidemia da doença na lavoura de tomate, e a taxa de progresso (Dy/Dt) variou de 4,7 a 6 plantas doentes/dia, e 100% das plantas apresentaram sintomas aos 20 dias após a primeira detecção da doença na lavoura. Houve dependência espacial forte da distribuição das plantas de tomateiro com sintomas de “vira-cabeça” em todas as avaliações, e valor de alcance variando de 4,3 a 1,69 m. Ao longo do tempo surgiram focos secundários da doença, expansão lateral e coalescência desses, caracterizando dispersão por ação do agente vetor associado às fontes de inóculo inicial, internas e externas à lavoura. O padrão aleatório de distribuição da doença evoluiu para agregado, e posteriormente regular.

ABSTRACT Considering the various diseases that reduce tomato crop production, the virosis known as “vira-cabeça” is highlighted. Epidemics of this disease are frequent, showing high progress rates and expressive damage. In this case, studies about the space-time variability can help propose management strategies. Therefore, the aim this study was to map the spatial distribution of tospovirus incidence over time in a tomato crop in order to understand the dispersal mechanisms of this pathogen and the disease progress. Thus, the presence or the absence of symptoms of this disease was monitored over time in 120 georeferenced plants, arranged in a regular mesh and distributed in a spacing of 1.0 x 0.5 m. The disease incidence data were subjected to the geostatistical analysis. After the adjustment of semivariograms, interpolation of data was performed by means of kriging. There was epidemic of the disease in tomato crop, and the progress rate (Dy/Dt) varied from 4.7 to 6 diseased plants/day, while 100% plants exhibited symptoms at 20 days after the first detection of the disease on the crop. There was strong spatial dependence of the distribution of tomato plants with symptoms of “vira-cabeça” in all assessments, and the reach value varied from 4.3 to 1.69 m. Over time, secondary foci of the disease emerged, as well as lateral expansion and coalescence of the latter, characterizing dispersion due to the action of the vector agent associated with initial inoculum sources, internal and external to the tomato crop. The random pattern of the disease distribution progressed to aggregated and subsequently regular.

ABSTRACT: Users of soil survey products are mostly interested in understanding how soil properties vary in space and time. The aim of digital soil mapping (DSM) is to represent the spatial variability of soil properties quantitatively to support decision-making. The goal of this study is to evaluate DSM techniques (Regression Trees - RT and Multiple Linear Regressions - MLR) and the ability of these tools to predict mineral fraction content under a wide variability of landscapes. The study site was the entire Guapi-Macacu watershed (1,250.78 km2) in the state of Rio de Janeiro in the Southeast region of Brazil. Terrain attributes and remote sensing data (with 30 m of spatial resolution) were used to represent landscape co-variables selected as an input in predictive models in order to develop the explanatory variables. The selection of sampling sites was based on the Latin Hypercube algorithm. A representative set of one hundred points with feasible field access was chosen. Different input databases were tested for prediction of mineral fraction content (harmonized and original data). The Spline algorithm was used to harmonize data according to the GlobalSoil. Net consortium standards. The results showed better performance from the RT models, using input from an average of six covariates; the simplest MLR model used twice as many input variables, creating more complex models without gaining precision. Furthermore, better R2 values were obtained using RT models, irrespective of harmonization of soil data. The harmonized dataset from the 0.00-0.05 and 0.05-0.15 m layers, in general, presented better results for the clay and silt, with R2 values of 0.52 (0.00-0.05 m) and 0.69 (0.05-0.15 m), respectively. Prediction of sand content showed better results when the original depth data was used as an input, although all regression tree models had R2 values greater than 0.52. The RT models provided a better statistical index than MLR for all predicted properties; however, the variance between models suggests similarity of performance. Regarding harmonization of soil data, both input databases (harmonized or not) can be used to predict soil properties, since the variance of model performance was low and generalization of the soil maps showed similar trends. The products obtained from the digital soil mapping approach make it possible to integrate the factor of uncertainties, providing easier interpretation for soil management and land use decisions.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar ferramentas pedométricas para caracterização da composição granulométrica (areia, silte e argila) e comparação de perfis de solos hidromórficos. O estudo foi realizado na bacia hidrográfica do rio Guapi-Macacu, RJ. Foram aplicados o algoritmo "slice-wise" para o fatiamento do perfil em intervalos de 1 cm, e a função "spline" para harmonizar o conjunto de dados segundo seis intervalos de profundidade predefinidos. A análise do conjunto de perfis, por meio das funções de profundidade (slice-wise e spline) e de dendrograma de dissimilaridade, revelou que Planossolos e Gleissolos são relativamente rasos e apresentam camadas arenosas nos horizontes superficiais e teores de argila e silte irregulares em subsuperficie. Essas duas ordens ocorrem na área da bacia hidrográfica geralmente em planícies aluviais, em vales e em sopés de elevação. Os Neossolos Flúvicos apresentaram maiores quantidades de argila e silte em superfície, as quais decrescem em profundidade, e são mais profundos e ocorrem nos terraços aluviais. A abordagem permitiu descrever a variabilidade da textura dos solos hidromórficos em perfil e realizar a análise de similaridade entre as ordens, o que pode apoiar a distinção de fases em unidades de mapeamento e a identificação de critérios quantitativos para a classificação dos solos.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate pedometric tools to characterize the particle size distribution (sand, silt, and clay) and to compare the profiles of hydromorphic soils. The study was carried out in the Guapi-Macacu watershed, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The slice-wise algorithm was applied to slice the profile data at 1-cm intervals, and the equal-area spline function for database harmonization, according to six predefined depth intervals. The analysis of the soil profile collection, using the soil-depth functions (slice-wise and spline) and the similarity analysis, revealed that Alfisols and Entisols are relatively shallow and have coarse texture in the topsoil layer and a more irregular distribution of clay and silt along the soil profile. These two orders usually occur in the watershed area related to floodplains, valleys, and footslopes. Fluvisols had higher amounts of clay and silt in the topsoil layer, which decrease with soil depth, and they are deeper and occur in alluvial terraces. The approach allowed to characterize the variability of texture along hydromorphical soil profiles and to perform a similarity analysis between soil orders, which can support the differentiation of soil mapping units and the identification of quantitative criteria for soil classification.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar modelos digitais de elevação (MDE), obtidos por diferentes fontes de dados, e selecionar um deles para derivar variáveis morfométricas utilizadas em mapeamento digital de solos. O trabalho foi realizado na Bacia Guapi‑Macacu, RJ. Os dados primários utilizados nos modelos gerados por interpolação (MDE‑carta e MDE‑híbrido) foram: curvas de nível, drenagem, pontos cotados e dados de sensor remoto transformados em pontos. Utilizaram-se, na comparação, modelos obtidos por sensor remoto e por aerorrestituição (MDE SRTM e MDE IBGE). Todos os modelos apresentaram resolução espacial de 30 m. A avaliação dos modelos de elevação foi baseada na análise de: atributos derivados (declividade, aspecto e curvatura); depressões espúrias; comparação entre feições derivadas a partir dos modelos e as originais, oriundas de cartas planialtimétricas; e análise das bacias de contribuição derivadas. O modelo digital de elevação híbrido apresenta qualidade superior à dos demais modelos.

The objective of this work was to evaluate digital elevation models (DEM) obtained by different data sources and to select one of them for deriving morphometric variables used in digital soil mapping. The work was performed in the Guapi‑Macacu river basin, RJ, Brazil. The primary data used in the models generated by interpolation (DEM map and DEM hybrid) were: contour lines, drainage, elevation points, and remote sensor data transformed into points. The obtained models by remote sensing and aero‑restitution (DEM SRTM and DEM IBGE) were used in the comparison. All models showed spatial resolution of 30 m. The elevation model evaluations were based on: the terrain derived attribute analysis (slope, aspect, and curvature); spurious depressions (sink); comparison between features derived from the models and the original ones originated from planialtimetric maps; and the analysis of derived watersheds. The DEM hybrid showed a superior quality than the other models.