ABSTRACT MOS (soil organic matter) is a natural carbon reservoir, and divided into different stages of decomposition according to its solubility and structural complexity. In view of this context, this work aimed to quantify the carbon content in the humic fractions of the soil organic matter under an agroforestry system in three toposequences in the swamp of altitude in Pernambuco, Brazil. The study was carried out on the Yaguara farm, and the studied areas were native forest and three toposequences of agroforestry system. Soil samples were collected in trenches 1.5 x 1.5 m, at depths 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm, with four replications. The carbon concentrations in the humic fractions of the soil decreased with increasing depth. The area with agroforestry system had the highest concentrations of carbon in the humic fractions. The stocks of humic fractions found in the agroforestry system area showed higher average values in the top area 5.62, 9.72 and 22.53 Mg ha-1 in relation to native forest 4.84, 8.28 and 19.20 Mg ha-1, respectively for fulvic acid, humic acid and humine. Among the evaluated areas, the soil with agroforestry system top area has great potential to increase the carbon storage in the humic fractions of the soil. reservoir complexity context Pernambuco Brazil farm 15 1 5 1. m 020, 020 0 20, 20 0-20 2040 40 20-4 4060 60 40-6 cm replications depth 562 62 5.62 972 9 72 9.7 2253 22 53 22.5 ha1 ha ha- 484 4 84 4.84 828 8 28 8.2 1920 19 19.2 ha1, 1, humine 02 2 0-2 204 20- 406 6 40- 56 5.6 97 7 9. 225 22. 48 4.8 82 8. 192 19. 0- 5. 4.

RESUMO A MOS (matéria orgânica do solo) é um reservatório natural de carbono e dividida em diferentes estágios de decomposição conforme sua solubilidade e complexidade estrutural. Diante desse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo quantificar os teores de carbono nas frações húmicas da matéria orgânica do solo sob sistema agroflorestal em três topossequências no brejo de altitude de Pernambuco, Brasil. O estudo foi desenvolvido na fazenda Yaguara, e as áreas estudadas foram mata nativa e três topossequências de sistema agroflorestal. As amostras de solos foram coletadas em trincheiras 1,5 x 1,5 m, nas profundidades 0-20, 20-40 e 40-60 cm, com quatro replicações. As concentrações de carbono nas frações húmicas do solo diminuíram com o aumento da profundidade. A área com sistema agroflorestal teve as maiores concentrações de carbono nas frações húmicas. Os estoques das frações húmicas encontradas em área de sistema agroflorestal apresentaram maiores valores médios em área de topo 5,62, 9,72 e 22,53 Mg ha-1 em relação à mata nativa 4,84, 8,28 e 19,20 Mg ha-1, respectivamente para ácido fúlvico, ácido húmico e humina. Dentre as áreas avaliadas, o solo com sistema agroflorestal área de topo tem grande potencial para aumentar o armazenamento de carbono nas frações húmicas do solo. estrutural contexto Pernambuco Brasil Yaguara 15 1 5 1, m 020, 020 0 20, 20 0-20 2040 40 20-4 4060 60 40-6 cm replicações profundidade 562 62 5,62 972 9 72 9,7 2253 22 53 22,5 ha1 ha ha- 484 4 84 4,84 828 8 28 8,2 1920 19 19,2 ha1, fúlvico humina avaliadas 02 2 0-2 204 20- 406 6 40- 56 5,6 97 7 9, 225 22, 48 4,8 82 8, 192 19, 0- 5, 4,

Abstract The Brazil-Malvinas Confluence (BMC) is a significant biological frontier where distinct currents meet, fostering optimal conditions for phytoplankton development. In this study we tested the hypothesis that eddys promote an increase in phytoplankton biomass at the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence (BMC), altering species diversity. Phytoplankton were collected with Niskin bottles and nutrient concentrations assessed at two depths (Surface and Deep Chlorophyll Maximum Layer – DCML) in areas outside and under the influence of Cold-Core (CCE) and Warm-Core (WCE) Eddies. Environmental variables were determined in situ using a CTD profiler. Four regions were separated based on environmental variables and phytoplankton species, namely, the Brazil Current (BC), Malvinas Current (MC), CCE, and WCE. Species diversity was higher in the eddies. The conditions of the WCE were different from those of the CCE, with low temperature and salinity and high cell density values in the latter. The phylum Bacillariophyta was predominant in terms of species richness in all regions and was responsible for the higher cell density in the MC, while dinoflagellates were dominant in the BC and eddies. Therefore, eddy activity alters the structure, diversity and biomass of the phytoplankton community in the BMC. BrazilMalvinas BMC (BMC meet development BMC, , Surface DCML ColdCore Cold Core CCE (CCE WarmCore Warm (WCE Eddies profiler namely BC, (BC) MC (MC) eddies latter Therefore structure (BC (MC

Abstract The objective of this work was to probabilistically identify susceptible seasons to the highest incidence of stenospermocarpic fruit in 'Palmer' mangoes, using univariate and copula procedures. Additionally, the impact of climatic variables on price fluctuations in the mango market was evaluated in the region of the Vale do Submédio São Francisco, Brazil. The normal, log-normal, gamma, and generalized extreme value distributions, as well as the Frank copula, were fitted to temperature and relative humidity data (2007-2018) obtained from the meteorological station of Universidade do Estado da Bahia. The adequacy of the distributions was verified using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Cramér-von Mises, and Anderson-Darling tests. The Frank copula is suitable for the joint modeling of the maximum temperature and minimum relative humidity. The occurrence of high temperatures and low relative humidity affects the price of mangoes. November shows a high probability of the simultaneous occurrences of high temperatures and low relative air humidity, which makes 'Palmer' mango orchards in full bloom (or early fruiting) significantly subject to extreme weather conditions that favor higher rates of stenospermocarpy in the harvests from April to May. Palmer 'Palmer mangoes procedures Additionally Francisco Brazil normal lognormal, lognormal log log-normal gamma 20072018 2007 2018 (2007-2018 Bahia KolmogorovSmirnov, KolmogorovSmirnov Kolmogorov Smirnov, Smirnov Kolmogorov-Smirnov Cramérvon Cramér von Mises AndersonDarling Anderson Darling tests or fruiting May 2007201 200 201 (2007-201 200720 20 (2007-20 20072 2 (2007-2 (2007- (2007 (200 (20 (2 (

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar, de forma probabilística, as épocas suscetíveis à maior incidência de frutos estenoespermocárpicos em mangas 'Palmer', por meio de procedimentos univariados e de cópulas. Além disso, o impacto de variáveis climáticas sobre a oscilação de preços no mercado da manga foi avaliado na região do Vale do Submédio São Francisco, Brasil. As distribuições normal, log-normal, gama e generalizada de valores extremos, bem como a cópula de Frank, foram ajustadas aos dados de temperatura e umidade relativa (2007-2018), obtidos na estação meteorológica da Universidade do Estado da Bahia. A adequação das distribuições foi verificada por meio dos testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Cramér-von Mises e Anderson-Darling. A cópula de Frank é adequada para modelar, conjuntamente, a temperatura máxima e a umidade relativa mínima do ar. As ocorrências de altas temperaturas e baixa umidade relativa afetam os preços de mangas. Novembro apresenta grande probabilidade da ocorrência simultânea de altas temperaturas e baixa umidade relativa do ar, o que torna os pomares de manga 'Palmer' em plena floração (ou frutificação precoce) significativamente sujeitos a condições climáticas extremas, que favorecem taxas mais elevadas de estenoespermocarpia nas safras de abril a maio. identificar probabilística Palmer, Palmer , cópulas disso Francisco Brasil normal lognormal, lognormal log log-normal extremos 20072018, 20072018 2007 2018 (2007-2018) Bahia KolmogorovSmirnov, KolmogorovSmirnov Kolmogorov Smirnov, Smirnov Kolmogorov-Smirnov Cramérvon Cramér von AndersonDarling. AndersonDarling Anderson Darling. Darling Anderson-Darling modelar conjuntamente ar 'Palmer ou precoce extremas maio 2007201 200 201 (2007-2018 200720 20 (2007-201 20072 2 (2007-20 (2007-2 (2007- (2007 (200 (20 (2 (

RESUMO As mudanças de uso da terra e as diferentes formas de manejo promovem alterações na matéria orgânica do solo (MOS), que implicam na produtividade e sustentabilidade dos sistemas agrários. A MOS é provedora de elementos essenciais às plantas como o Nitrogênio (N), um dos seus principais constituintes, sendo também um indicador da qualidade dos solos. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a dinâmica dos teores e estoques de N no solo em um Plintossolo no estado do Tocantins, Brasil, sob diferentes usos (Eucalipto, Lavoura- Milho, Pastagem) tendo como referência um ecossistema natural de Cerrado sensu stricto. Para tanto, foram abertas seis trincheiras em cada área de estudo para coleta de amostras de solo nas camadas de 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50 cm, determinando- se os teores e estoques (0-50 cm) de N total no solo por combustão a seco, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade de erro. Os teores e estoques de N-S dos sistemas avaliados não diferiram daqueles da área de referência, com exceção da área de Eucalipto, que teve o maior teor médio, especificamente na camada de 0-10 cm e maior estoque médio, considerando toda a camada avaliada (0-50 cm). Os estoques de N-S decresceram na seguinte ordem nas diferentes coberturas: Eucalipto > Lavoura de Milho = Pastagem = Cerrado, possivelmente indicando a eficácia do componente arbóreo na incorporação de N-S, bem como a importância de adoção de práticas conservacionistas de manejo que favoreçam maior aporte e estabilização de matéria orgânica no solo. MOS, , (MOS) agrários N, (N) constituintes solos Tocantins Brasil (Eucalipto stricto tanto 010, 010 0 10, 10 1020, 1020 20, 20 10-20 2030, 2030 30, 30 20-30 3040, 3040 40, 40 30-40 4050 50 40-5 determinando 050 (0-5 seco 5 erro NS S médio 0-1 cm. . coberturas NS, S, (MOS (N 01 1 102 2 10-2 203 3 20-3 304 4 30-4 405 40- 05 (0- 0- 10- 20- 30- (0 (

ABSTRACT The land use changes and different management forms promote modifications in soil organic matter (SOM), which imply the yield and sustainability of agricultural systems. SOM provides essential elements for plants, such as Nitrogen (N), one of its main constituents, and is also an indicator of soil quality. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of N levels and stocks in the soil of Plinthosol in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, under different uses (eucalyptus, corn, and pasture) compared to a natural ecosystem of Cerrado sensu stricto. Therefore, six trenches were opened in each study area to collect soil samples at 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, and 40-50 cm soil layers, determining the contents and stocks (0-50 cm) of total N in the soil by dry combustion. The means were compared by the Tukey test at a 5% error probability level. N-S contents and stocks of the evaluated systems did not differ statistically from the reference area, except the eucalyptus area, which presented a higher average content, specifically in the 0-10 cm layer, and a higher average stock, considering the entire layer evaluated (0- 50cm). N-S stocks decreased in the following order across different land uses: eucalyptus > corn = pasture = Cerrado, probably indicating the effectiveness of the arboreal component in incorporating N-S as well as the importance of adopting conservation management practices that prioritize greater input and stabilization of organic matter in the soil. SOM, , (SOM) plants N, (N) constituents quality Tocantins Brazil eucalyptus, (eucalyptus stricto Therefore 010, 010 0 10, 10 1020, 1020 20, 20 10-20 2030, 2030 30, 30 20-30 3040, 3040 40, 40 30-40 4050 50 40-5 layers 050 (0-5 combustion 5 level NS S content 0-1 stock (0 50cm. 50cm . 50cm) (SOM (N 01 1 102 2 10-2 203 3 20-3 304 4 30-4 405 40- 05 0- ( 10- 20- 30-

ABSTRACT Root biomass plays a vital role in nutrient cycling for the maintenance and functioning of different ecosystems. In this context, this study aimed to determine the stocks of elements in root biomass under different covers in the Cerrado of Tocantins, Brazil. The research was conducted in different vegetal coverings: agriculture, pasture, Eucalyptus sp., and native Cerrado forest. Root biomass was collected in six trenches, 70 x 70 cm, and a depth of 50 cm through sieving. Macro and microelement stocks were determined in root biomass. Macros and microelements showed higher average values for the native forest. With the change in vegetation cover, N, P, and S were higher in agriculture, with stocks of 1.82 Mg ha-1, 1.83 Mg ha-1, and 9.6 Mg ha-1. In a planted forest of Eucalyptus sp., macroelements K, Ca, and Mg were higher, with stock values of 16.06 Mg ha-1, 25.91 Mg ha-1, and 5.02 Mg ha-1, and microelements, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn with values of 0.05 Mg ha-1, 0.04 Mg ha-1, 5 Mg ha-1, 0.7 Mg ha-1, and 0.08 Mg ha-1 in root biomass, respectively. Thus, the planted forest of Eucalyptus sp. promoted greater stocks and cycling of elements, with greater stability of the organic material. ecosystems context Tocantins Brazil coverings agriculture pasture sp trenches 7 sieving cover N P 182 1 82 1.8 ha1, ha1 ha 1, 183 83 96 9 6 9. ha1. 1. K Ca 1606 16 06 16.0 2591 25 91 25.9 502 02 5.0 B Cu Fe Mn 005 0 05 0.0 004 04 07 0. 008 08 ha- respectively Thus material 18 8 160 16. 259 2 25. 5. 00

RESUMO As biomassas radiculares desempenham um papel importante na ciclagem de nutrientes, para manutenção e funcionamento dos diferentes ecossistemas. Diante desse contexto, o trabalho teve como objetivo determinar os estoques de elementos em biomassa radiculares sob diferentes coberturas no Cerrado em Tocantins, Brasil. A pesquisa foi conduzida em diferentes coberturas vegetais: agricultura, pastagem, Eucalyptus sp. e floresta nativa de cerrado. As biomassas radiculares foram coletadas em seis trincheiras com dimensões 70 x 70 cm, e profundidade de 50 cm através do peneiramento. Os estoques dos macros e microelementos foram determinados em biomassas radiculares. Os macros e microelementos apresentaram valores médios maiores para floresta nativa. Com a mudança de cobertura vegetal N, P, S, foram maiores em agricultura, com estoques de 1,82 Mg ha-1, 1,83 Mg ha-1 e 9,6 Mg ha-1. Em floresta plantada de Eucalyptus sp., os macroelementos K, Ca e Mg foram maiores tendo valores de estoques respectivamente de 16,06 Mg ha-1, 25,91 Mg ha-1 e 5,02 Mg ha-1 e microelementos B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn com valores de 0,05 Mg ha-1, 0,04 Mg ha-1, 5 Mg ha-1, 0,7 Mg ha-1 e 0,08 Mg ha-1 em biomassas radiculares. Deste modo a floresta plantada de Eucalyptus sp. promoveu maiores estoques e ciclagem de elementos, com maior estabilidade do material orgânico. nutrientes ecossistemas contexto Tocantins Brasil vegetais agricultura pastagem sp cerrado 7 peneiramento N P S 182 1 82 1,8 ha1, ha1 ha 1, 183 83 ha- 96 9 6 9, ha1. 1. K 1606 16 06 16,0 2591 25 91 25,9 502 02 5,0 B Cu Fe 005 0 05 0,0 004 04 07 0, 008 08 orgânico 18 8 160 16, 259 2 25, 5, 00

Abstract Measurements of the marine carbonate system on tropical and subtropical continental margins are poorly distributed in space and time, with many uncertainties persisting regarding the role of carbon exchanges at the ocean-atmosphere interface in these areas. To calculate sea-to-air CO 2 fluxes in Marine Ecoregions along the Brazilian continental margin (4°N to 34°S), we used data from the Surface Ocean CO 2 Atlas (SOCAT v2020), collected up to 400 km from the coast, at the surface (5 m), between 1991 and 2018, with the aim of investigating the role of ecoregions as potential sinks or sources of atmospheric CO 2. The temperature and salinity of seawater presented variability in the north-south direction mainly because of the broad latitudinal range, reflecting typical patterns of tropical (T = 27.4°C ±1.49; S = 36.4 ±1.91) and subtropical waters (T = 22.8°C ±3.41; S = 35 ±2.91), in addition to the greater or lesser influence of river inputs in each ecoregion. The pCO 2 values in the surface waters varied from 121.81 (Amazon) to 478.92 μatm (Eastern), differing significantly between ecoregions and showing an expected decadal increasing trend, both in the atmosphere and in the seawater. The calculated values of CO 2 fluxes showed non-homogeneous spatio-temporal variations, from -24.37 mmol m-2 d-1 (Rio Grande) to 9.87 mmol m- 2 d-1 (Southeastern). Throughout the analyzed time series, we observed that the Northeast, Amazon and Eastern ecoregions acted predominantly as sources of CO 2 and the Southeastern ecoregions and, mainly, Rio Grande, acted predominantly as sinks of atmospheric CO 2. oceanatmosphere ocean areas seatoair sea air 4°N 4N N 4 34°S, 34S 34°S , 34 34°S) SOCAT v2020, v2020 v v2020) 40 coast 5 ( m, m m) 199 2018 northsouth north south range T 274C C 27 ±1.49 149 1 49 364 36 36. ±1.91 191 91 228C 22 8 ±3.41 341 3 41 ±2.91, 291 ±2.91 ±2.91) ecoregion 12181 121 81 121.8 (Amazon 47892 478 92 478.9 Eastern, (Eastern) trend nonhomogeneous non homogeneous spatiotemporal spatio temporal variations 24.37 2437 24 37 -24.3 m2 d1 d d- Grande 987 9 87 9.8 Southeastern. . (Southeastern) series Northeast v202 19 201 ±1.4 14 ±1.9 ±3.4 29 ±2.9 1218 12 121. 4789 47 478. (Eastern 24.3 243 -24. 98 9. (Southeastern v20 20 ±1. ±3. ±2. 24. -24 v2 ±1 ±3 ±2 -2 ± -

ABSTRACT. This study aimed to evaluate cassava genotypes to identify the ones with the best nutritional values for ruminant diets. Nine genotypes were used: Amansa Burro (BGM 549), Aramaris (BGM 116), Brasília, Cambadinha (BRS Guaíra), Curvelinha, Engana Ladrão (BGM 1269), Trouxinha (BGM 1468), BRS Gema de Ovo, and BRS Dourada. A completely randomized block experimental design with nine treatments (genotypes) and three blocks (replicates) were employed. The roots were analyzed for dry matter production (DMP) in tonnes per hectare, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), starch, and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). The multivariate analysis was carried out using Ward’s hierarchical agglomerative clustering based on Mahalanobis distance. The groups formed were evaluated by Scott-Knott test. The group formed by genotype Engana Ladrão was chosen as the best one for having the highest DMP t ha-1 and IVDMD values and the lowest NDF and ADF contents. ABSTRACT diets used BGM 549, 549 , 549) 116, 116 116) Brasília Guaíra, Guaíra Guaíra) Curvelinha 1269, 1269 1269) 1468, 1468 1468) Ovo Dourada (genotypes replicates (replicates employed (DMP hectare CP, CP (CP) NDF, (NDF) ADF, (ADF) starch IVDMD. . (IVDMD) Wards Ward s distance ScottKnott Scott Knott test ha1 ha 1 ha- contents 54 11 126 146 (CP (NDF (ADF (IVDMD 5 12 14

Abstract The steady-state is a situation of little variability of species dominance and total biomass over time. Maintenance of cyanobacteria are often observed in tropical and eutrophic ecosystems and can cause imbalances in aquatic ecosystem. Bayeasian networks allow the construction of simpls models that summarizes a large amount of variables and can predict the probability of occurrence of a given event. Studies considering Bayeasian networks built from environmental data to predict the occurrence of steady-state in aquatic ecosystems are scarce. This study aims to propose a Bayeasian network model to assess the occurrence, composition and duration of cyanobacteria steady-state in a tropical and eutrophic ecosystem. It was hypothesized long lasting steady-state events, composed by filamentous cyanobacteria species and directly influenced by eutrophication and drought. Our model showed steady-state lasting between 3 and 17 weeks with the monodominance or co-dominance of filamentous species, mainly Raphidiopsis raciborskii and Planktothrix agardhii. These evens occurred frequently under drought and high turbidity, however higher nutrients concentrations did not increase the probability steady-state occurrence or longer duration. The proposed model appears as a tool to assess the effects of future warming on steady-state occurrence and it can be a useful to more traditional process-based models for reservoirs. steadystate steady state time ecosystem event scarce events 1 codominance co agardhii turbidity processbased process based reservoirs

Abstract Intense soil preparation and disturbance in crops, over time, reduces the quantity and quality of soil organic matter. Given this context, this work aimed to determine soil carbon stocks and labile fractions under agroforestry system (AFS) and toposequences in an altitude marsh, Taquaritinga do Norte, Pernambuco, Brazil. The study was carried out at the Yaguara farm, and the areas studied were native forest with 4.57 ha and coffee plantation in shade with native forest with 25.59 ha. Soil samples were collected in four trenches measuring 1.5 x 1.5 x 0.60 m, with a distance of 50 meters. Soils were collected at depths of 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm, followed by chemical, physical and density analyzes to determine soil carbon stocks and labile fractions. The area with shaded coffee showed higher values of soil carbon stocks at depths of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. At a depth of 40-60 cm, the AFS top toposequence showed the highest carbon stock with 11.73 Mg ha-1, followed by the area with native vegetation with 10.6 Mg ha-1, slope with 9.23 Mg ha-1 and pediment with 7.00 Mg ha-1. It was found that the top toposequence with shaded coffee exhibited a greater stock of labile carbon at depth 0-20 cm with a value of 1.06 Mg ha-1, followed by the bedding areas (SAF) with 0.88 Mg ha-1, native forest with 0.79 Mg ha-1 and slope with 0.67 g kg-1. However, the area of native vegetation showed the highest value of labile carbon at a depth of 40-60 cm. It was concluded that the area with shaded coffee in the top toposequence showed great capacity to increase total carbon stocks and labile carbon stocks of soil organic matter. crops time matter context (AFS marsh Norte Pernambuco Brazil farm 457 4 57 4.5 2559 25 59 25.5 15 1 5 1. 060 0 60 0.6 m meters 020, 020 20, 20 2040 40 20-4 4060 40-6 chemical 0-2 1173 11 73 11.7 ha1, ha1 1, 106 10 6 10. 923 9 23 9.2 ha- 700 7 00 7.0 ha1. 06 1.0 SAF (SAF 088 88 0.8 079 79 0.7 067 67 kg1. kg1 kg kg-1 However 45 4. 255 2 25. 0. 02 204 20- 406 40- 0- 117 11. 92 9. 70 7. 08 8 07 kg-

Resumo O intenso preparo e revolvimento do solo em cultivos, com o tempo, reduz a quantidade e a qualidade da matéria orgânica do solo. Diante desse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar os estoques de carbono do solo e frações lábeis sob sistema agroflorestal (SAF) e topossequências em brejo de altitude, em Taquaritinga do Norte, Pernambuco, Brasil. O estudo foi desenvolvido na fazenda Yaguara, e as áreas estudadas foram mata nativa com 4,57 ha e plantio de café sombreado com mata nativa com 25,59 ha. As amostras de solos foram coletadas em quatro trincheiras 1,5 x 1,5 x 0,60 m, com distância de 50 metros. Foram coletados solos nas profundidades de 0-20, 20-40 e 40-60 cm, seguido de análises químicas, físicas e densidade para determinação dos estoques de carbono no solo e frações lábeis. A área com café sombreado apresentou maiores valores de estoques de carbono no solo nas profundidades de 0-20 cm e 20-40 cm. Na profundidade de 40-60 cm, a topossequência de topo do SAF apresentou maior estoque de carbono com 11,73 Mg ha-1, seguido da área com vegetação nativa com 10,6 Mg ha-1 , encosta com 9,23 Mg ha-1 e pedimento com 7,00 Mg ha-1. Verificou-se que a topossequência de topo com café sombreado exibiu maior estoque de carbono lábil na profundidade 0-20 cm com o valor de 1,06 Mg ha-1, sucedido das áreas de pedimento (SAF) com 0,88 Mg ha-1, mata nativa com 0,79 Mg ha-1e encosta com 0,67 Mg ha-1. No entanto, a área de vegetação nativa apresentou o maior valor de carbono lábil na profundidade de 40-60 cm. Concluiu-se que a área com café sombreado na topossequência topo mostrou grande capacidade para elevar os estoques de carbono total e estoques de carbono lábil da matéria orgânica do solo. cultivos tempo contexto (SAF altitude Norte Pernambuco Brasil Yaguara 457 4 57 4,5 2559 25 59 25,5 15 1 5 1, 060 0 60 0,6 m metros 020, 020 20, 20 2040 40 20-4 4060 40-6 químicas 0-2 1173 11 73 11,7 ha1, ha1 106 10 6 10, ha- 923 9 23 9,2 700 7 00 7,0 ha1. 1. Verificouse Verificou se 06 1,0 088 88 0,8 079 79 0,7 ha1e hae 1e 067 67 entanto Concluiuse Concluiu 45 4, 255 2 25, 0, 02 204 20- 406 40- 0- 117 11, 92 9, 70 7, 08 8 07

Sporothrix consists of the dimorphic genus of fungi, among the species, S. schenckii, S. mexicana, S. globosa and S. brasiliensis. It can be found in soil and decaying plant matter around the world, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Infections produced by the fungus result from the traumatic inoculation of fungal filaments through the skin. There are increasing occurrences of contamination between humans and domestic animals in Brazil. The objective was to reflect on research at the postgraduate level carried out in Brazilian universities, optionally considering doctoral theses. State-of-the-art and bibliographic methodologies were used, considering the time frame from 2011 to 2020, in the databases, CAPES and BDBTD platforms. With the data, statistical analysis of ANOVA and geospatialization with the QGIS software were used. With the results, 18 and 31 theses were retrieved respectively from the platforms, analyzed from the perspective of the thematic axes, public health, infection and treatment, pharmacology and veterinary sciences. It can be concluded that there are records of the presence of the fungus in the country since the 80s, and the treatment of the disease depends on the therapy, it is a zoonosis and, therefore, a public health issue in some states by mandatory notification

O Sporothrix consiste no gênero de fungos tipo dimórfico, dentre as espécies, S. schenckii, S. mexicana, S. globosa e S. brasiliensis. Pode ser encontrado no solo e em matéria vegetal em vias de decomposição no mundo, sobretudo, regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Infecções produzidas pelo fungo resultam da inoculação traumática de filamentos fúngicos através da pele. Há crescentes ocorrências de contaminação entre humanos e animais domésticos no Brasil. Objetivou-se refletir sobre pesquisas ao nível de pós-graduação realizadas em universidades brasileiras, considerando opcionalmente teses de doutoramento. Utilizou-se das metodologias Estado da Arte e bibliográfica, considerando o recorte temporal de 2011 a 2020, nos bancos de dados, plataformas CAPES e BDBTD. Com os dados fez-se uso da análise estatística da ANOVA e geoespacialização com o software QGIS. Com os resultados foram recuperadas 18 e 31 teses respectivamente das plataformas, analisadas sob a perspectiva dos eixos temáticos, saúde pública, infecção e tratamento, farmacologia e ciências veterinárias. Pode-se concluir que há registros da presença do fungo no país desde os anos 80, bem como o tratamento da doença depende da terapêutica, trata-se de uma zoonose e, portanto, questão de saúde púbica em alguns estados por notificação obrigatória

Abstract An adequate amount of soil organic matter is considered essential for long-term sustainable agriculture, ensuring good productivity. Therefore, the present study quantified carbon and nitrogen stocks and microbiological activity in soil of three different areas: Forest-pasture System, Pasture System and preserved Caatinga - used as a reference of the experiment - located in a semi-arid region, in Watershed of Pajeú River, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Eight trenches were opened in each system to collect soil samples at depths of 0 - 10, 20 - 30 and 50 - 60 cm, for chemical and microbiological analysis. In general, attributes of soil showed better results of land use in the following order: preserved Caatinga - Forest-pasture System - Pasture System.

Resumen La clasificación de la madera aserrada es una de las actividades más subjetivas de la fase final del proceso de aserrado de trozas en los aserríos. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo proponer herramientas de auxilio en la clasificación de madera aserrada de coníferas. El estudio se realizó en el aserrío Combate de Tenerías de la Empresa Forestal Integral (EFI) Macurije, Pinar del Río, Cuba. Los datos utilizados proceden de 259 tablas de Pinus caribaea var. caribaea clasificadas siguiendo las exigencias (24 variables) y clases establecidas por el clasificador de madera aserrada de coníferas utilizado en Cuba. Se procedió al ajuste de un modelo de Regresión Logística Multinomial Ordinal (RLMO) y al entrenamiento de Redes Neuronales Artificiales (RNAs). Los parámetros del modelo RLMO fueron estimados usando el método de máxima verosimilitud optimizada con el algoritmo de Newton-Raphson. El entrenamiento de las RNAs se realizó con el algoritmo Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS). El problema de multicolinearidad, casi siempre presente en modelaciones con numerosas variables predictivas, fue abordado con el análisis factorial, utilizando los factores retenidos como entradas de los modelos. Con base en el porcentaje de aciertos en la clasificación, la RNA RBF 24-8-4 fue superior a las ecuaciones de regresión logística ordinal.

Abstract Lumber classification is one of the most subjective activities of the final phase of log sawing process in sawmills. The objective of this research was to propose tools that assist in conifers lumber grading. The research was carried out at the sawmill Combate de Tenerías of Macurije integrated forest company, Pinar del Río, Cuba. The data used comes from 259 lumber pieces of Pinus caribaea var. caribaea classified following the requirements (24 variables) and classes established by the conifers lumber grader used in Cuba. We proceeded to fit a Multinomial and Ordinal Logistic Regression (MOLR) model and train Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). The parameters of the MOLR model were estimated using the maximum likelihood method optimized with the Newton Raphson algorithm. ANNs were trained with Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) algorithm. The multicollinearity problem, usually present in modeling with numerous predictive variables, was addressed with factor analysis, using the factors retained as inputs to the models. Based on the percentage of correct classification, the ANN RBF 24-8-4 was superior to the ordinal logistic regression equations.

Resumo A atividade microbiana se mostra bastante sensível a mudanças da cobertura, tornando-se um importante indicador de qualidade do solo. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as alterações nas atividades microbiológicas do solo sob as diferentes coberturas vegetais no cerrado do Tocantins. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em áreas de Eucalyptus sp., pastagem, agricultura e cerrado sensu stricto na fazenda experimental da Universidade Federal do Tocantins. As amostras de solo foram coletadas em trincheiras de 70 x 70 cm nas profundidades 0-10 e 10-20 cm, com seis repetições. As variáveis avaliadas foram: concentração e estoque de carbono na biomassa microbiana, respiração basal do solo, quociente metabólico e quociente microbiano. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio do teste de normalidade, análise de variância e comparação das médias pelo teste Tukey a 5% de significância. A área com Eucalyptus sp. com 11 anos apresentou uma atividade microbiológica do solo estável, apresentando estoques de carbono na biomassa microbiana superiores em 57,32 % aos da vegetação de mata nativa, 84,29 % ao da pastagem e 290,91 % ao da agricultura. As atividades microbiológicas do solo são afetadas pela variação da cobertura vegetal do solo, sendo eficiente como indicador de qualidade do solo.

Abstract The microbial activity is very sensitive to changes in soil cover, making it an important indicator of soil quality. The study aimed to assess changes in soil microbiological activities under different vegetation coverings in the Cerrado biome of Tocantins state. The work was developed in areas of Eucalyptus sp., Pasture, agriculture and Cerrado sensu stricto in the experimental farm of the Federal University of Tocantins. The soil samples were collected in trenches of 70 x 70 cm at depths 0-10 and 10-20 cm, with six replications. The variables evaluated were: concentration and stock in the microbial biomass carbon, basal soil respiration, metabolic quotient and microbial quotient. The statistical analysis was performed using the normality test, analysis of variance and comparison of means by the Tukey test at 5% significance. The area with Eucalyptus sp. at 11 years of age, he had a stable soil microbiological activity, showing stocks in microbial biomass carbon 57.32% higher than that native forest vegetation, 84.29% that pasture and 290.91% that agriculture. The soil microbiological activities are affected by the variation of the soil vegetation cover, being efficient as an indicator of soil quality.

RESUMO A intensa antropização no baixo do rio São Francisco e áreas adjacentes geram risco de degradação ambiental e, sobretudo, torna essa área mais suscetível a processos erosivos. O objetivo do estudo identificar e correlacionar os atributos físicos e químicos que potencializam os processos erosivos e estabilidade dos taludes em margens de curso de água no baixo curso do Rio São Francisco, estado Sergipe, Brasil. As amostras de solos deformada e indeformadas foram coletadas na região do Baixo rio São Francisco, município de Amparo de São Francisco, Sergipe, em Neossolo Flúvico. Foram realizadas análises físicas (densidade, porosidade e textura) e químicas (pH, Capacidade de Troca de Cátions, saturação por bases, micro e macronutrientes no solo). Os camadas superficiais (Ap e AC) apresentaram superiores atributos físicos e maior teor de carbono orgânico que os demais camadas. O carbono orgânico, fosfóro e os micronutrientes obtiveram correlação negativa com a densidade do solo, onde um maior teor destes elementos nos camadas Ap e AC resultam em menor densidade do solo. As caracteristicas pedologicas das camadas do perfil avaliado não proporcionam uma resistência a erosão hidrica.

ABSTRACT The intense anthropization in the lower São Francisco River and surrounding areas can lead to environmental degradation risks and, above all, makes the area more susceptible to soil erosion. This study aimed to identify and correlate the physical and chemical properties able to enhance erosive processes and slope instability in the watercourse margins of the lower São Francisco River, in Sergipe State, Brazil. To this end, disturbed and undisturbed samples of an Entisol-Fluvent soil were collected in the region, specifically in the city of Amparo de São Francisco. Physical (density, porosity, and texture) and chemical (pH, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, micro-, and macronutrients) analyses were performed. All physical properties and organic carbon contents were higher in the surface layers (Ap and AC) compared to the others. Organic carbon, phosphorus, and micronutrients had a negative correlation with soil density, showing higher contents and lower soil densities in the Ap and AC layers. The pedological characteristics of the evaluated soil layers are unable to provide soil resistance to water erosion.

Abstract Soil organic matter has great importance in chemical, physical and biological processes in soil-plant system. This study aimed to evaluate changes in carbon humic fractions of soil organic matter under different vegetation coverings in Cerrado in Tocantins, Brazil. The work was developed in Eucalyptus sp., Pasture, Agriculture and Cerrado sensu stricto areas. Soil samples were collected in dry period, October, 2018, in trenches 70 x 70 cm at depths 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40 and 40-50 cm, with six replications. The vegetation cover in Eucalyptus sp. area showed higher levels of total carbon in soil humic fraction. Respectively fulvic acid, humic acid and humin in Eucalyptus sp. area had stocks of 22.09; 2.71 and 20.01% higher than native forest, 32.04; 2.57 and 35.59% higher than pasture and 10.59; 19.19 and 7.61% higher than the agriculture area. Among the different areas evaluated, the soil of Eucalyptus sp. has great potential to increase carbon storage in soil humic fractions.