RESUMO Objetivos realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre o uso da fotobiomodulação nos músculos de cabeça e pescoço. Estratégia de pesquisa As buscar foram realizadas nas bases de dados: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS e SciELO. A pesquisa ocorreu entre junho de 2019 e março de 2021. Os descritores utilizados foram Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade, Fototerapia, Músculo Masseter, Músculos Mastigatórios, Língua, Palato, Boca, Pescoço, Músculos do Pescoço, Músculos Faciais e seus respectivos termos em inglês. Não houve limitação de ano de publicação e idioma. Critérios de seleção estudos que respondessem a pergunta norteadora: qual o uso da fotobiomodulação na musculatura de cabeça e pescoço?. Resultados Foram encontrados 2857 artigos, sendo selecionados 102 para leitura completa, dos quais 52 foram excluídos, totalizando 50 artigos incluídos. As publicações incluídas datam de 2003 a 2020. O Brasil foi o país que mais publicou sobre o tema. Quanto aos objetivos, 82% dos estudos pesquisaram o efeito analgésico da fotobiomodulação, e desses, 50% eram relacionados à disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) articular ou muscular. A heterogeneidade dos estudos impossibilita a definição de protocolos dosimétricos. Conclusão A fotobiomodulação tem sido utilizada na musculatura de cabeça e pescoço principalmente para o tratamento da dor proveniente de DTM. Não existe um protocolo de aplicação que defina os parâmetros dosimétricos a serem utilizados, devido a heterogeneidade das metodologias e dos resultados encontrados.

ABSTRACT Purpose To carry out an integrative review of the literature on the use of photobiomodulation (PBM) for the head and neck muscles. Research strategy The research took place between June/2019 and March/2021, in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, and SciELO. The MeSH used were Low-Level Light Therapy, Phototherapy, Masseter Muscle, Masticatory Muscles, Tongue, Palate, Mouth, Neck Muscles, and Facial Muscles in English and Portuguese. No limitation was imposed on the year and language of publication. Selection criteria studies that answered the guiding question: what is the use of photobiomodulation to the head and neck muscles?. Results 2857 articles were found, of which 102 were selected for full reading, 52 of those were excluded, giving a total of 50 articles included. The included publications date from 2003 to 2020. Brazil was the country that most published on the topic. With regard to the objectives, 82% of the studies aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of PBM, of these, 50% were related to articular or muscular temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The heterogeneity of the studies makes it impossible to define the dose protocols. Conclusion PBM has been applied to the head and neck muscles mainly for the treatment of pain caused by TMD. There is no treatment protocol to define the doses to be used, due the heterogeneity of the methodologies applied and results found.

Abstract: Purpose: The changes in gustatory function resulting from oncological treatment occur mainly after radiotherapy. However, the head and neck tumors, because of the anatomical location of the lesion, can themselves trigger significant changes in the feeding-related functions - including taste. To assess the gustatory function in patients diagnosed with advanced oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer. Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study comprised 31 individuals with advanced oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer, referred for oncological treatment with radiotherapy, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy. The “taste strips” test was applied; it consists of inserting solutions with four different concentrations each for salty, sweet, and sour tastes, and three concentrations for the bitter taste, on the tongue. Results: Most of the individuals were diagnosed with oropharyngeal cancer. Approximately half of the sample already had taste-related complaints, and more than 80%, swallowing-related complaints. The overall frequency of hypogeusia was 38.7%, in which the bitter taste stood out in its isolated assessment. The association of change in gustatory function proved to be significant in patients in stage T4. Conclusion: The decrease in gustatory function in individuals with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer was evidenced in this study, especially when associated with tumors in stage T4. Regarding feeding, most of them reported complaints of dysphagia, suggesting the importance of the speech-language-hearing assessment and follow-up, even before the oncological treatment, to minimize the risks of dysphagia.

Abstract: Purpose: The changes in gustatory function resulting from oncological treatment occur mainly after radiotherapy. However, the head and neck tumors, because of the anatomical location of the lesion, can themselves trigger significant changes in the feeding-related functions - including taste. To assess the gustatory function in patients diagnosed with advanced oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer. Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study comprised 31 individuals with advanced oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer, referred for oncological treatment with radiotherapy, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy. The “taste strips” test was applied; it consists of inserting solutions with four different concentrations each for salty, sweet, and sour tastes, and three concentrations for the bitter taste, on the tongue. Results: Most of the individuals were diagnosed with oropharyngeal cancer. Approximately half of the sample already had taste-related complaints, and more than 80%, swallowing-related complaints. The overall frequency of hypogeusia was 38.7%, in which the bitter taste stood out in its isolated assessment. The association of change in gustatory function proved to be significant in patients in stage T4. Conclusion: The decrease in gustatory function in individuals with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer was evidenced in this study, especially when associated with tumors in stage T4. Regarding feeding, most of them reported complaints of dysphagia, suggesting the importance of the speech-language-hearing assessment and follow-up, even before the oncological treatment, to minimize the risks of dysphagia.

RESUMO O estudo consiste em caracterizar a fala e mastigação de usuários de prótese total convencional - PTC antes e após fonoterapia e adaptação funcional protética. Participaram 10 usuários, divididos em G1(experimental) e G2(controle). Ambos realizaram a mesma avaliação de fala e mastigação antes e após 15 dias de adaptação funcional protética. Logo, G1 passou por fonoterapia no período que antecede a adaptação funcional protética e G2 passou pela adaptação funcional protética sem intervenção Fonoaudiológica. Observou-se que G1 apresentou 60% de participantes com distorções fonéticas e/ou articulatórias e corte inadequado do alimento e 80% com um tipo mastigatório unilateral e a posteriori não foram mais verificadas alterações de fala e tipo mastigatório, porém um corte alterado em 100% do grupo. Já G2, 80% dos participantes tinham alterações de fala e mastigação e 40% um corte inadequado. Após, 60% dos sujeitos persistiram com as alterações de fala e 100% com um corte e tipo mastigatório alterado. Conclui-se que após adaptação funcional protética, G1, que realizou fonoterapia, não apresentou mais as alterações encontradas inicialmente, com exceção do corte do alimento; diferente de G2 em que as alterações persistiram, uma vez que a adaptação funcional não restabeleceu os padrões funcionais, sendo necessária intervenção Fonoaudiológica.

ABSTRACT This study aimed at characterizing the speech and chewing of users of conventional complete dentures (CCD) before and after speech therapy and prosthetic functional adaptation. The participants consisted of 10 users, divided into two groups: experimental (G1) and control (G2). Both groups underwent the same speech therapy and chewing evaluation before and 15 days after prosthetic functional adaptation; G1 underwent speech therapy in the period before prosthetic functional adaptation, and G2 underwent prosthetic functional adaptation without speech-language intervention. As observed, G1 presented 60% of participants with phonetic and/or articular distortions and inadequate cut of the food and 80% with unilateral chewing; after therapy, no speech and masticatory alterations were observed, but the altered cut was seen in 100% of the group. In G2, 80% of the participants had speech and chewing alterations and 40% had an inadequate cut. After the therapy period, 60% of the subjects remained with speech alterations and 100% with altered cut and chewing alterations. It can be concluded that after prosthetic functional adaptation, the group that underwent speech therapy did not present the alterations initially detected, except for the cut of the food, as opposed to G2 in which the changes persisted, showing that prosthetic rehabilitation alone, did not reestablish functional patterns, speech-language intervention being required.

Os hormônios andrógeno-anabolizantes têm seu uso difundido entre os esportistas, usualmente para aumentar a massa e a potência musculares. Assim, através do uso de questionários auto-aplicáveis em um estudo transversal, foram entrevistados 305 atletas (escolhidos aleatoriamente) das academias de Santa Maria, RS, a fim de quantificar diversas variáveis relacionadas ao uso de esteróides anabolizantes (EA). A maioria dos participantes era de homens (81,1%) e a média de idade foi de 22 anos (DP ± 7). Enquanto 29% usavam aditivos alimentares, apenas 2% dos indivíduos admitiram ter usado EA (apesar de 46% dos entrevistados conhecerem algum usuário de EA). Dois terços dos usuários adquiriram a droga em farmácias (sem prescrição médica) e 35,1% desconheciam seus paraefeitos. Dos entrevistados, 28,4% acreditam que doses "adequadas" de EA não causam dano à saúde. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a principal medida preventiva à iniciação ao uso de EA é a educação dos atletas.

Anabolic androgenic steroids are highly used among athletes, usually to increase muscle mass and strength. Therefore, using a self applicable questionnaire in a transversal study, 305 athletes were interviewed (randomically selected) from the Santa Maria physical fitness clubs, in order to establish many variables related to the use of anabolic steroids. Most participants were men (81.1%) and mean age was 22 years (sd ± 7). Although 29% used food additives, only 2% of the individuals admitted having used anabolic steroids (although 46% of the individuals submitted to the questionnaire know a anabolic steroid user). Two-thirds of the users purchased the drug in drugstores (with no medical prescription) and 35.1% did not know the effects of the drug. Twenty-eight point four percent of the subjects believe that "adequate" doses of anabolic steroids are not harmful to health. Thus, the authors concluded that the main preventive step against the use anabolic steroids is to inform the athletes.