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ABSTRACT Brazilian Soil Classification System (SiBCS) adopts a hierarchical approach to classify soils using specific diagnostic attributes. Organossolos (Histosols) class is differentiated according to its genesis, especially because the parent material is organic, thus requiring diagnostic attributes that describe the unique properties of soil organic matter (SOM). This study aimed to propose the use of labile organic carbon and the C and N contents of humic fractions and their ratios for the family and series levels of the Brazilian Soil Classification System for Organossolos in high mountainous regions. Quantitative chemical fractionation of SOM was performed to obtain the humic fractions and determine the labile oxidizable carbon in 16 Organossolos profiles from Itatiaia National Park, RJ. Carbon and nitrogen contents of the humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin fractions were obtained, as well as the percentages of these fractions in relation to the total carbon and nitrogen in the soil. Carbon and nitrogen ratios were calculated for each fraction. Results showed little variation in the levels of labile organic carbon between the profiles but a large variation in total carbon and nitrogen levels, especially in the Organossolo Fólico Hêmico lítico profile. The ratios between the carbon and nitrogen of humic acids and fulvic acids (means of HAC/FAC = 1.61 and AHN/FACN = 1.05), carbon and nitrogen of the alkaline extract and humin (means of AEC/HUMC = 0.71 and AEN/HUMN = 0.38), carbon and nitrogen of the alkaline extract, and total carbon and total nitrogen (means of AEC/TC = 0.28 and AEN/TN = 0.19) were effective in determining the humification level of the profiles. This study proposes that the attributes evaluated, especially the ratio between the carbon of the alkaline extract of the humic substances (carbon of the fulvic acid fraction + carbon of the humic acid fraction) and the total soil carbon, as well as the ratio between the C and N of the humin fraction, should be used to define lower categorical levels of Organossolos. This new approach could facilitate the classification of these soils and contribute to a better understanding of the composition of Organossolos in Brazil. SiBCS (SiBCS Histosols (Histosols genesis SOM. . (SOM) regions 1 Park RJ obtained profile means HACFAC HAC FAC 161 61 1.6 AHNFACN AHN FACN 1.05, 105 1.05 , 05 1.05) AECHUMC AEC HUMC 071 0 71 0.7 AENHUMN AEN HUMN 0.38, 038 0.38 38 0.38) AECTC TC 028 28 0.2 AENTN TN 0.19 019 19 evaluated Brazil (SOM 6 1. 10 1.0 07 7 0. 03 0.3 3 02 2 0.1 01

https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20240005

Slope position controls prescribed fire effects on soil: a case study in the high-elevation grassland of Itatiaia National Park soil highelevation high elevation
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Oliveira, Ana Paula Pessim de

; Silva Neto, Eduardo Carvalho da

; Marcondes, Robson Altiellys Tosta

; Pereira, Marcos Gervasio

; Motta, Marcelo Souza

; Diniz, Yan Vidal de Figueiredo Gomes

; Fagundes, Hugo de Souza

; Delgado, Rafael Coll

; Santos, Otavio Augusto Queiroz dos

; Anjos, Lúcia Helena Cunha dos

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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2023, Volume 47 elocation e0230009

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT There is a need for greater knowledge about the medium- and long-term effects of prescribed fire management on soil in ecosystems prone to wildfires and more vulnerable to climate change. This study examined the short- and medium-term effects of prescribed fire on soil chemical properties and chemical fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) in two positions of the landscape in a high-elevation grassland environment. The ecosystem is located in the mountain peaks of southeastern Brazil associated with the Atlantic Forest biome. Prescribed fire was conducted in 2017 to reduce understory vegetation and thus prevent potential severe wildfires. Soil samples were collected at the layers of 0.00-0.10, 0.10-0.20, and 0.20-0.40 m, at eight composite sampling. The composite samples were collected on five different occasions: before the prescribed fire, and 10, 30, 90, and 240 days after the prescribed fire. Soil chemical properties, total organic carbon, labile C, and chemical fractionation of SOM were analyzed. All soil properties investigated were affected by the prescribed fire, with variations in landscape position, duration of effect, and soil layer. In the backslope area, the medium-term effect of fire was negative and induced soil degradation and induced soil degradation. In the footslope area, the system showed greater resilience to the effects of fire, as indicated by the recovery of the soil’s chemical properties. These results can help assess the suitability of controlled burning of vegetation for managing risks of fire in mountainous regions, such as high-elevation grasslands. medium longterm long term change short mediumterm (SOM highelevation high elevation environment biome 201 0.000.10, 000010 0.00 0.10, 0 00 10 0.00-0.10 0.100.20, 010020 0.10 0.20, 20 0.10-0.20 0.200.40 020040 0.20 0.40 40 0.20-0.4 m sampling occasions 30 90 24 carbon C analyzed position layer area soils s regions grasslands 000 0.000.10 00001 0.0 010 1 0.00-0.1 100 0.100.20 01002 0.1 020 2 0.10-0.2 200 0.200.4 02004 0.2 040 0.4 4 0.20-0. 3 9 0.000.1 0000 0. 01 0.00-0. 0.100.2 0100 02 0.10-0. 0.200. 0200 04 0.20-0 0.000. 0.00-0 0.100. 0.10-0 0.200 0.20- 0.000 0.00- 0.100 0.10-

https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20230009

Amazonian Dark Earths in Rondônia State: Soil properties, carbon dating and classification
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Cavassani, Rafael de Souza

; Anjos, Lúcia Helena Cunha dos

; Pereira, Marcos Gervasio

; Garcia, Andrés Calderin

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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2021, Volume 45 elocation e0200160

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Throughout the Amazon region, dark-colored soils with increased fertility are identified and referred as Amazonian Dark Earths (ADE). These unique soils are characterized by an anthropic surface horizon with dark colors, presence of charcoal and artifacts, in contrast with surrounding non-ADE soils. The ADEs show extraordinary properties such as the capacity of maintaining the dark colors and high nutrient levels after years of farming, even under the highly favorable climatic conditions for oxidation of organic matter and weathering of nutrients of Amazon region. The ADE are considered islands of fertility in the Amazon biome, as well as very important models for research, in terms of agricultural and environmental sustainability, carbon sequestration, nutrient bioavailability, food security, and for anthropological studies. However, there are many unanswered questions regarding the extent of human alterations, how they were formed, and their classification in the taxonomic systems. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to identify, describe, and characterize soil profiles of ADEs, located in the Southern region of Rondônia State, Brazil, and to contribute to their classification according to the Brazilian Soil Classification System (SiBCS) and the World Reference Base (WRB). Five soil profiles were described and sampled; P1 to P3 were under grass pastures, P4 and P5 under forest and crops with no-till, respectively. The morphological, physical, and chemical attributes, as well as contents of Fe, Al, Si, and Ti oxides and extractable iron forms were characterized. The anthropic horizons exhibited dark colors, artifacts, charcoal, sandier textures, predominantly granular structures, abrupt or clear transitions, and mostly wavy and irregular boundaries. Values of pH, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , exchangeable bases (S), CEC, and C were high in all anthropic horizons. Compared to non-ADE soils in the Amazon region, phosphorus contents were superior in all anthropic horizons, with the highest values in surface horizons of P1, P2, and P3. According to SiBCS, P1 was classified as Cambissolo, P2 as Argissolo , and P3, P4, and P5 as Latossolos. Except for P4, where values of extractable P by Mehlich-1 are lower than 30 mg kg -1 , all soils fulfilled the requirements for the anthropic horizon in the SiBCS, and new classes at the subgroup level were proposed. In the WRB, P4 and P5 were classified as Ferralsols. The other profiles were classified as Anthrosols. The radiocarbon dates (C 14 ) of charcoal fragments, obtained using a mass accelerator, showed ages between 940 ± 40 and 1230 ± 60 years BP.

https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20200160 261 downloads

The Program for Biodiversity Research in Brazil: The role of regional networks for biodiversity knowledge, dissemination, and conservation
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ROSA, CLARISSA

; BACCARO, FABRICIO

; CRONEMBERGER, CECILIA

; HIPÓLITO, JULIANA

; BARROS, CLAUDIA FRANCA

; RODRIGUES, DOMINGOS DE JESUS

; NECKEL-OLIVEIRA, SELVINO

; OVERBECK, GERHARD E.

; DRECHSLER-SANTOS, ELISANDRO RICARDO

; ANJOS, MARCELO RODRIGUES DOS

; FERREGUETTI, ÁTILLA C.

; AKAMA, ALBERTO

; MARTINS, MARLÚCIA BONIFÁCIO

; TOMAS, WALFRIDO MORAES

; SANTOS, SANDRA APARECIDA

; FERREIRA, VANDA LÚCIA

; CUNHA, CATIA NUNES DA

; PENHA, JERRY

; PINHO, JOÃO BATISTA DE

; SALIS, SUZANA MARIA

; DORIA, CAROLINA RODRIGUES DA COSTA

; PILLAR, VALÉRIO D.

; PODGAISKI, LUCIANA R.

; MENIN, MARCELO

; BÍGIO, NARCÍSIO COSTA

; ARAGÓN, SUSAN

; MANZATTO, ANGELO GILBERTO

; VÉLEZ-MARTIN, EDUARDO

; SILVA, ANA CAROLINA BORGES LINS E

; IZZO, THIAGO JUNQUEIRA

; MORTATI, AMANDA FREDERICO

; GIACOMIN, LEANDRO LACERDA

; ALMEIDA, THAÍS ELIAS

; ANDRÉ, THIAGO

; SILVEIRA, MARIA AUREA PINHEIRO DE ALMEIDA

; SILVEIRA, ANTÔNIO LAFFAYETE PIRES DA

; MESSIAS, MARILUCE REZENDE

; MARQUES, MARCIA C.M.

; PADIAL, ANDRE ANDRIAN

; MARQUES, RENATO

; BITAR, YOUSZEF O.C.

; SILVEIRA, MARCOS

; MORATO, ELDER FERREIRA

; PAGOTTO, RUBIANI DE CÁSSIA

; STRUSSMANN, CHRISTINE

; MACHADO, RICARDO BOMFIM

; AGUIAR, LUDMILLA MOURA DE SOUZA

; FERNANDES, GERALDO WILSON

; OKI, YUMI

; NOVAIS, SAMUEL

; FERREIRA, GUILHERME BRAGA

; BARBOSA, FLÁVIA RODRIGUES

; OCHOA, ANA C.

; MANGIONE, ANTONIO M.

; GATICA, AILIN

; CARRIZO, MARÍA CELINA

; RETTA, LUCÍA MARTINEZ

; JOFRÉ, LAURA E.

; CASTILLO, LUCIANA L.

; NEME, ANDREA M.

; RUEDA, CARLA

; TOLEDO, JOSÉ JULIO DE

; GRELLE, CARLOS EDUARDO VIVEIROS

; VALE, MARIANA M.

; VIEIRA, MARCUS VINICIUS

; CERQUEIRA, RUI

; HIGASHIKAWA, EMÍLIO MANABU

; MENDONÇA, FERNANDO PEREIRA DE

; GUERREIRO, QUÊZIA LEANDRO DE MOURA

; BANHOS, AUREO

; HERO, JEAN-MARC

; KOBLITZ, RODRIGO

; COLLEVATTI, ROSANE GARCIA

; SILVEIRA, LUÍS FÁBIO

; VASCONCELOS, HERALDO L.

; VIEIRA, CECÍLIA RODRIGUES

; COLLI, GUARINO RINALDI

; CECHIN, SONIA ZANINI

; SANTOS, TIAGO GOMES DOS

; FONTANA, CARLA S.

; JARENKOW, JOÃO A.

; MALABARBA, LUIZ R.

; RUEDA, MARTA P.

; ARAUJO, PUBLIO A.

; PALOMO, LUCAS

; ITURRE, MARTA C.

; BERGALLO, HELENA GODOY

; MAGNUSSON, WILLIAM E.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2021, Volume 93 Nº 2 elocation e20201604

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The Program for Biodiversity Research (PPBio) is an innovative program designed to integrate all biodiversity research stakeholders. Operating since 2004, it has installed long-term ecological research sites throughout Brazil and its logic has been applied in some other southern-hemisphere countries. The program supports all aspects of research necessary to understand biodiversity and the processes that affect it. There are presently 161 sampling sites (see some of them at Supplementary Appendix), most of which use a standardized methodology that allows comparisons across biomes and through time. To date, there are about 1200 publications associated with PPBio that cover topics ranging from natural history to genetics and species distributions. Most of the field data and metadata are available through PPBio web sites or DataONE. Metadata is available for researchers that intend to explore the different faces of Brazilian biodiversity spatio-temporal variation, as well as for managers intending to improve conservation strategies. The Program also fostered, directly and indirectly, local technical capacity building, and supported the training of hundreds of undergraduate and graduate students. The main challenge is maintaining the long-term funding necessary to understand biodiversity patterns and processes under pressure from global environmental changes.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120201604 1034 downloads

Alluvial soil formation in the plains of northeastern Brazil
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Cipriano-Silva, Rafael

; Valladares, Gustavo Souza

; Azevedo, Antônio Carlos de

; Anjos, Lúcia Helena Cunha dos

; Pereira, Marcos Gervasio

; Pinheiro Junior, Carlos Roberto

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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2020, Volume 44 elocation e0190110

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Soils in alluvial plains of the lower course of the Acaraú River, Ceará State, Brazil, are weakly developed and have a complex distribution in the landscape. This study reports the pedogenic characterization of such soils in an effort to understand their formation. Soil pits were opened in four representative sites, profile morphology was described, and soil samples were collected for chemical, physical, mineralogical, and micromorphological analyses. All profiles had weak pedogenic development, as inferred from their morphological characteristics, lack of B horizon, and high silt/clay ratio. Organic carbon and particle size distributions were heterogeneous in Fluvisol, Planosol, and Solonchak, in agreement with their sedimentary nature. Intrinsic characteristics of each profile indicated variations in pedogenic processes related to depositional conditions, which, in turn, were determined by the alluvial nature of sediments and water table dynamics. Consequently, Fluvisols at higher elevations showed reduced pedogenic development. In adjacent areas, Planosols showed pores filled with clay minerals and a texture gradient, indicative of past lessivage. Vertisol was identified in small depressions and exhibited intense pedoturbation and high sodium concentration in deep layers. Solonchak had a high degree of hydromorphism, high sodium concentration, and high electrical conductivity. The distinct pedogenesis of alluvial plain soils in Northeastern Brazil is evidenced by their morphological, chemical, and physical properties.

https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20190110 501 downloads

Epidemiological, clinical and immune factors that influence the persistence of antiphospholipid antibodies in leprosy
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Ribeiro, Sandra Lúcia Euzébio

; Pereira, Helena Lúcia Alves

; Boechat, Antonio Luiz

; Silva, Neusa Pereira

; Sato, Emilia Ionue

; Cunha, Maria das Graças Souza

; Passos, Luiz Fernando de Souza

; Dos-Santos, Maria Cristina

Advances in Rheumatology

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2019, Volume 59 elocation 52

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Introduction: Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are described in individuals with leprosy without the clinical features of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS), a condition involving thromboembolic phenomena. We have described the persistence of these antibodies for over 5 years in patients with leprosy after specific treatment. Objectives: To determine whether epidemiological, clinical and immunological factors played a role in the longterm persistence of aPL antibodies in leprosy patients after multidrug therapy (MDT) had finished. Methods: The study sample consisted of 38 patients with a diagnosis of leprosy being followed up at the Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Department at the Alfredo da Matta Foundation (FUAM) in Manaus, AM. ELISA was used to detect anticardiolipin (aCL) and anti-β2 glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI) antibodies. Patients were reassessed on average of 5 years after specific treatment for the disease (MDT) had been completed. Results: Persistence of aPL antibodies among the 38 leprosy patients was 84% (32/38), and all had the IgM isotype. Mean age was 48.1 ± 15.9 years, and 23 (72.0%) were male. The lepromatous form (LL) of leprosy was the most common (n = 16, 50%). Reactional episodes were observed in three patients (9.4%). Eighteen (47.37%) were still taking medication (prednisone and/or thalidomide). Mean IgM levels were 64 U/mL for aCL and 62 U/mL for anti-β2GPI. In the multivariate binary logistic regression the following variables showed a significant association: age (p = 0.045, OR = 0.91 and CI 95% 0.82-0.98), LL clinical presention (p = 0.034; OR = 0.02 and CI 95% = 0.0-0.76) and bacterial index (p = 0.044; OR = 2.74 and CI 95% = 1.03-7.33). We did not find association between prednisone or thalidomide doses and positivity for aPL (p = 0.504 and p = 0.670, respectively). No differences in the variables vascular thrombosis, pregnancy morbidity, diabetes, smoking and alcoholism were found between aPL-positive and aPL-negative patients. Conclusion: Persistence of positivity for aPL antibodies was influenced by age, clinical presentation and bacterial index. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the reason for this persistence, the role played by aPL antibodies in the disease and the B cell lineages responsible for generation of these antibodies.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s42358-019-0094-4 348 downloads

Bulk Density Prediction for Histosols and Soil Horizons with High Organic Matter Content
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Beutler, Sidinei Julio

; Pereira, Marcos Gervasio

; Tassinari, Wagner de Souza

; Menezes, Michele Duarte de

; Valladares, Gustavo Souza

; Anjos, Lúcia Helena Cunha dos

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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2017, Volume 41 elocation e0160158

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ABSTRACT Bulk density (Bd) can easily be predicted from other data using pedotransfer functions (PTF). The present study developed two PTFs (PTF1 and PTF2) for Bd prediction in Brazilian organic soils and horizons and compared their performance with nine previously published equations. Samples of 280 organic soil horizons used to develop PTFs and containing at least 80 g kg-1 total carbon content (TOC) were obtained from different regions of Brazil. The multiple linear stepwise regression technique was applied to validate all the equations using an independent data set. Data were transformed using Box-Cox to meet the assumptions of the regression models. For validation of PTF1 and PTF2, the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.47 and 0.37, mean error -0.04 and 0.10, and root mean square error 0.22 and 0.26, respectively. The best performance was obtained for the PTF1, PTF2, Hollis, and Honeysett equations. The PTF1 equation is recommended when clay content data are available, but considering that they are scarce for organic soils, the PTF2, Hollis, and Honeysett equations are the most suitable because they use TOC as a predictor variable. Considering the particular characteristics of organic soils and the environmental context in which they are formed, the equations developed showed good accuracy in predicting Bd compared with already existing equations.

https://doi.org/10.1590/18069657rbcs20160158 2744 downloads

Genesis and Classification of Soils Containing Carbonates in a Toposequence of the Bambuí Group
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Maranhão, Deyvid Diego Carvalho

; Pereira, Marcos Gervasio

; Collier, Leonardo Santos

; Anjos, Lúcia Helena Cunha dos

; Azevedo, Antonio Carlos

; Cavassani, Rafael de Souza

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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2016, Volume 40 elocation e0150295

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The Bambuí Group, formed from siliciclastic sediments deposited on an extensive epicontinental platform at the end of the Neoproterozoic era, is characterized by limestones with fine to very fine texture. Limestone-derived soils in the southeast of Tocantins state, Brazil, are less notorious than similar soils in other regions of Brazil and their characterization could contribute to the Brazilian System for Soil Classification (SiBCS). Given that little is known of these soils, despitetheir agricultural potential, the objective of this study was to characterize their properties and the processes leading to soil of genesis, and also contribute to developing the Brazilian System of Soil Classification (SiBCS). Soils profiles were located on the summit (P1), shoulder (P2), backslope (P3), and footslope (P4) of a toposequence in the municipality of Lavandeira, Tocantins. Morphological, physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties of the profiles were determined. The soils were classified as: P1 - Chernossolo Rêndzico Lítico típico (Lithic Haplustolls); P2 - Cambissolo Háplico Ta Eutrófico léptico hipocarbonático (Lithic Haplustolls); P3 - Cambissolo Háplico Carbonático léptico (Lithic Haplustepts); and P4 - Luvissolo Háplico Órtico típico (Typic Rhodustalfs). All the profiles showed high contents of silt, calcium, and magnesium, which resulted in high pH and low exchangeable aluminum content. Base saturation and calcium carbonate equivalent contents were also high, and the horizons showed dark colors due to high organic matter content, which contained humin as the dominant fraction. Mineralogical analysis of the clay fraction indicated predominance of hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite, followed by illite, kaolinite, and quartz, whereas the sand fraction exhibited reflections characteristic of the quartz mineral. Given P4 contents of calcium carbonate equivalent above 50 g kg-1 and the relevance of this feature for agriculture, we propose the inclusion of hypocarbonate as a criterion for classification of Luvissolos Háplicos Órticos at the subgroup level.

https://doi.org/10.1590/18069657rbcs20150295 1644 downloads

Genesis and Classification of Soils Containing Carbonate on the Apodi Plateau, Brazil
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Ferreira, Edilene Pereira

; Anjos, Lúcia Helena Cunha dos

; Pereira, Marcos Gervasio

; Valladares, Gustavo Souza

; Cipriano-Silva, Rafael

; Azevedo, Antônio Carlos de

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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2016, Volume 40 elocation e0150036

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Information is scarce on the genesis and classification of soils derived from calcareous rocks in the Northeastern region of Brazil. This study describes the morphological, physical, chemical, mineralogical, and micromorphological properties of four soil profiles (P1-P4) located in the Apodi Plateau. A pedogenesis hypothesis and soil classification, according to the Brazilian System of Soil Classification (SiBCS), are proposed for these profiles. The interactions between parent material, surface topography and climate affected the pedogenesis processes and soil properties, although the calcareous nature of the parent material most affected the soil morphology and chemical properties. The sand fraction contained mainly quartz and calcite, and a smaller amount of mica. Smectite and interstratified illite-smectite occurred in the clay fraction of profile P1 and in some horizons of P2 (Ccmќ and Ccrќ) and P3 (2Ccrќ). Kaolinite predominated in profiles P2, P3, and P4; where as illite and vermiculite were present in the Bicќ, Bcќ, Bcmќ horizons of P2, in Bt2c of P3, and in C of P4. The mineralogy showed illite, hematite, and goethite, and anatase in a number of horizons. Micromorphological analysis of P2 indicated a strong cementation of Bcmќ and Ccmќ by calcium carbonate, and other properties indicate the formation of a petrocalcic horizon, but this horizon lacked lateral continuity in the profile. Therefore, the parapetrocalcic term is proposed for classifying P2 in the fourth level of the SiBCS. The 3Biќ-P1 horizon exhibited calcite coating and iron coating or quasi-coating, indicating distinct pedogenesis processes occurring under different environmental conditions. Likewise, the occurrence of petroplinthite in P2 indicates that climatic conditions during its formation differed from present conditions, and both situations are interpreted as evidence that the soils were formed by polygenetic processes. In the SiBCS classification, the soils are classified as Cambissolo Háplico Carbonático vertissólico (P1), Cambissolo Háplico Carbonático concrecionário (P2), Luvissolo Crômico Pálico petroplíntico (P3), and Neossolo Litólico Carbonatico típico (P4); and a new class (parapetrocálcico concrecionário) is proposed for P2 in the fourth level.

https://doi.org/10.1590/18069657rbcs20150036 5097 downloads

10.

Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks and Humic Fractions in Brazilian Organosols
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Valladares, Gustavo Souza

; Pereira, Marcos Gervasio

; Benites, Vinícius de Melo

; Anjos, Lúcia Helena Cunha dos

; Ebeling, Adierson Gilvani

; Guareschi, Roni Fernandes

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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2016, Volume 40 elocation e0151317

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Despite limited geographic expression of Organosols in Brazil, their high carbon storage capacity and natural environmental vulnerability justifies further studies on C and N stocks in these soils and their relationship to the nature of organic matter. Evaluation of physical and chemical properties of organic soils and their ability to store C is important so as to develop sustainable management practices for their preservation. The objectives of the study were to measure the total organic carbon stock (OCst), total nitrogen stock (Nst), and humic fractions in Organosols from different environments and regions of Brazil, and to correlate the data with soil chemical (pH, P, K, Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, H+Al, CEC, V) and physical properties (soil bulk density, Bd; organic matter density, OMd; total pore space, TPS; minimum residue, MinR; and proportion of mineral matter, MM), and degree of organic matter decomposition (rubbed fiber content; pyrophosphate index, PyI; and von Post index). For that purpose, 18 Organosol profiles, in a total of 49 horizons, were sampled under different land usage and plant coverage conditions. The profiles were located in the following Brazilian states - Alagoas, Bahia, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and São Paulo. The OCst and Nst varied significantly among horizons and profiles. The Organosols exhibited, on average, 203.59 Mg ha-1 OCst and 8.30 Mg ha-1 Nst, and the highest values were found in profiles with pasture usage. The content of the humic fraction (humin, HUM; fulvic acid, FAF; and humic acid, HAF) and C storage varied in the soil horizons and profiles according to the degree of decomposition and other factors of soil formation. The OCst, Nst, OMd and the C stocks in the humic fractions were positively correlated. The values of acidity were lower in the soils with higher contents of mineral material, and low pH values were related to a high C/N ratio. The OCst and Nst were correlated with different soil properties, the most important being the degree of soil organic matter decomposition, which was inversely correlated.

https://doi.org/10.1590/18069657rbcs20151317 1188 downloads

11.

Caracterização de Organossolos em ambientes de várzea do nordeste do Brasil
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Cipriano-Silva, Rafael

; Valladares, Gustavo Souza

; Pereira, Marcos Gervasio

; Anjos, Lúcia Helena Cunha dos

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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Fev 2014, Volume 38 Nº 1 Páginas 26 - 38

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Os Organossolos são geralmente associados às regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil, e são poucos os estudos sobre a ocorrência e os efeitos do uso e manejo agrícola desses solos na região Nordeste. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar física, química e morfologicamente seis perfis de Organossolos de várzeas dos Estados do Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte e da Paraíba e correlacionar seus atributos ao ambiente de formação, além de quantificar seus estoques de carbono e suas capacidades de armazenamento de água. Foram utilizados os métodos recomendados no Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos (SiBCS) para caracterizar química e fisicamente o solo, bem como a umidade e o volume residual dele. O aumento dos valores da Ds nos horizontes foi em decorrência da maior decomposição das fibras esfregadas (FE) e da redução dos teores de matéria orgânica. O volume residual apresentou correlações positiva e significativa a 5 % com o valor de resíduo mínimo (r = 0,64) e Ds (r = 0,74) e negativa com a porcentagem de FE (r = -0,75), podendo ser usado para avaliar a subsidência desses solos. As propriedades químicas foram influenciadas pelo material orgânico e pelos sedimentos fluviomarinhos. A variação da drenagem influenciada pela posição no relevo e pelo uso agrícola dos solos conduziu a classes de diferentes graus de decomposição da matéria orgânica e com isto às classes dos Organossolos Fíbrico, Hêmico e Sáprico. Um dos perfis CE1, com maior influência de sedimentos marinhos, foi classificado como Organossolo Tiomórfico com caráter solódico.

The Histosols are generally associated with Southeastern and Southern regions of Brazil, and there are few studies on the occurrence and effects of the use and agricultural management of these soils in the Northeast. The aim of this paper is to physically, chemically and morphologically characterize six profiles of Histosols from flood plains in the states of Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte and Paraiba, Brazil and correlate their soil properties to the training environment, as well as quantify their carbon stores and water storage capacities. We used the methods recommended in the Brazilian System of Soil Classification (SiBCS) for chemical and physical characterization, moisture content and residual volume soil. The increase in the values of bulk density (BD) in the horizons was due to greater decomposition of rubbed fibers (RF) and decrease in soil organic matter. Residual volume was positively and significantly (5 %) correlated with the minimum residual value (r = 0.64) and BD (r = 0.74) and negatively correlated with the percentage of RF (r = -0.75), and it can be used to assess the subsidence of these soils. Chemical properties were affected by the material of organic origin and fluvial-marine sediments. Drainage variation, influenced by position in the landscape and crop use of the soils, led to classes with different degrees of decomposition of organic matter and, thus, Fibric, Hemic and Sapric classes of 'Organossolos'. One of the CE1 profiles, with greater influence from marine sediments, was classified as an 'Organossolo Tiomórfico' of a solodic nature.

8249 downloads Citado 3 vezes em SciELO

12.

Gênese e classificação dos solos de uma topossequência em área de carste na Serra da Bodoquena , MS
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Silva, Marlen Barros e

; Anjos, Lúcia Helena Cunha dos

; Pereira, Marcos Gervasio

; Schiavo, Jolimar Antônio

; Cooper, Miguel

; Cavassani, Rafael de Souza

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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Dez 2013, Volume 37 Nº 6 Páginas 1464 - 1480

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Pouco se conhece sobre os solos dos sistemas cársticos carbonáticos no Brasil, apesar da sua importância e reconhecida fragilidade. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a gênese de solos desenvolvidos de rochas calcárias e materiais derivados e caracterizar os atributos desses, contribuindo para o Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos (SiBCS). Foram estudados três perfis de solos em uma topossequência na Serra da Bodoquena, MS, dispostos nas posições de sopé (P1), terço médio (P2) e topo (P3) de encosta suave-ondulada com pendente longa e perfil longitudinal plano-convexo-plano. Todos os perfis são profundos, com cores bruno-escura nos horizontes superficiais e avermelhada em subsuperfície, além de textura argilosa com incremento de argila em profundidade. O íon cálcio predomina no complexo sortivo, bem como a fração humina entre as frações húmicas. A micromorfologia dos solos revela feições de iluviação de argila em associação com feições de acumulações de CaCO3. Porém, em nenhum dos perfis, os teores de CaCO3 equivalente foram suficientes para o reconhecimento do horizonte cálcico e, ou, petrocálcico, ou de caráter carbonático ou hipocarbonático. Com sequência de horizontes A-Bt (P1); A-E-Bt (P2); e A-Bi (P3), os solos apresentam a seguinte ordem de evolução pedogenética: P1 > P2 > P3. De acordo com o SiBCS, os solos são classificados como Argissolo Vermelho eutrófico nitossólico (P1); Argissolo Vermelho distrófico típico (P2); e Cambissolo Háplico Tb eutrófico típico (P3). Para todos os perfis, no quinto nível aplica-se a classe de atividade de argila - Tm (atividade média), validando proposta recente do SiBCS.

Despite their importance and vulnerability, little is known about the soils in the calcareous karst systems in Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genesis of soils formed from calcareous parent materials and to characterize their properties, as a contribution to the Brazilian Soil Classification System (SiBCS). Three profiles located at footslope (P1), backslope (P2) and summit (P3) positions in a toposequence with slightly undulated relief, were studied in the Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul State. All profiles were relatively deep, with dark brown surface horizons and reddish in the subsurface, clayey texture and increasing clay content in deeper layers. Calcium was the dominant exchangeable cation, and humin the main fraction of soil organic matter. Soil micromorphology showed clay illuviation features associated to CaCO3 accumulation. However, the CaCO3 levels were insufficient in the profiles to characterize a calcic or petrocalcic horizon or carbonatic diagnostic properties. The horizons in the profiles were arranged: A-Bt (P1); A-E-Bt (P2) and A-Bw (P3), and the evolution of the soil genesis in the order - P1> P2 > P3. According to the SiBCS, the profiles were classified as eutrophic Red Argisol (P1), dystric Red Argisol (P2), and eutrophic Tb Haplic Cambisol (P3) (equivalent to Udalf, Udult and Udept sub-orders in the USDA Soil Taxonomy, respectively). For all profiles, at the family level the class medium activity clay (Tm) was applied, validating a recent proposal to the SiBCS.

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13.

Substâncias húmicas e suas relações com o grau de subsidência em Organossolos de diferentes ambientes de formação no Brasil
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Ebeling, Adierson Gilvani

; Anjos, Lúcia Helena Cunha dos

; Pereira, Marcos Gervasio

; Valladares, Gustavo Souza

; Pérez, Daniel Vidal

Revista Ciência Agronômica

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Jun 2013, Volume 44 Nº 2 Páginas 225 - 233

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A matéria orgânica do solo é parte de um sistema dinâmico influenciado por vários fatores, incluindo clima, conteúdo e natureza das argilas, uso da terra, sistemas de manejo e drenagem, os quais afetam as taxas de adição e os processos de transformações e evolução dos compostos orgânicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar e avaliar a distribuição das frações húmicas em Organossolos de diferentes ambientes e regiões do Brasil, relacionando-os com os processos de subsidência. O teor de carbono (C) nas substâncias húmicas indicou predomínio do C da fração ácido húmico (C-FAH de 22,1 g kg-1 a 153,7 g kg-1) nos solos de regiões altimontanas e ambientes de planalto. Possivelmente, o clima mais frio, aliado a uma melhor fertilidade, favoreceu a formação desta fração em detrimento das frações ácido fúlvico e humina. Por outro lado, o maior teor de ácidos húmicos torna os Organossolos nesses ambientes mais susceptíveis aos processos de subsidência, principalmente quando manejados para agricultura. Já nos ambientes de várzeas e de planícies litorâneas, houve maior formação do C da fração humina (C-HUM de 79,2 a 267,2 g kg-1), que é a fração das substâncias húmicas mais resistente à decomposição. O somatório das frações húmicas representou 89% do carbono total, estando essas duas variáveis altamente correlacionadas. A relação Extrato alcalino humina (EA/HUM) agrupou classes de Organossolos pelo ambiente de formação, sendo sugerida como atributo diagnóstico nos níveis inferiores do Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos (SiBCS), possibilitando diferenciar os Organossolos quanto ao potencial de subsidência.

ABSTRACT The organic matter of soil is part of a dynamic system influenced by several factors, including climate, the content and nature of clays, land use, management and drainage systems, all of which affect the addition rates, and the processes of transformation and evolution of organic compounds. The objective of this study was to quantify and assess the distribution of humic fractions in histosols in different environments and regions of Brazil, relating them to the processes of subsidence. The carbon (C) content in humic substances indicated a predominance of C from the humic-acid fraction (HAF-C of 22.1g kg-1 to 153.7g kg-1) in soils from high altitude mountainous regions and upland areas. Possibly the colder climate, coupled with improved fertility, favored the formation of this fraction at the expense of the fulvic acid and humin fractions. On the other hand, the higher humic-acid content makes organosols in these environments more susceptible to the processes of subsidence, especially when under agricultural management. Whereas in flood and coastal-plain environments, there was a greater formation of C from the humin fraction (HUM-C from 79.2 to 267.2g kg-1), being the fraction of humic substances most resistant to decomposition. The sum of the humic fractions represented 89% of the total carbon, these two variables being highly correlated. The relationship between alkaline extract and humin (AE / HUM) groups classes of histosols by their formation environment, and is suggested as a diagnostic attribute at the lower levels of the Brazilian System for Soil Classification (SiBCS), allowing differentiation of the histosols as to their potential for subsidence.

2932 downloads Citado 3 vezes em SciELO

14.

Substâncias húmicas e relação com atributos edáficos
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Ebeling, Adierson Gilvani

; Anjos, Lúcia Helena Cunha dos

; Pereira, Marcos Gervasio

; Pinheiro, Érika Flavia Machado

; Valladares, Gustavo Souza

Bragantia

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2011, Volume 70 Nº 1 Páginas 157 - 165

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a distribuição das substâncias húmicas (ácidos fúlvicos livres, ácidos húmicos, ácidos fúlvicos e humina) e atributos edáficos em perfis de solos de diferentes regiões do Brasil, que foram objeto de estudos de reuniões de correlação e levantamentos de solos realizados pela Embrapa e outras instituições. As amostras foram selecionadas e fracionadas seguindo conceitos da IHSS. A fração humina apresentou os maiores valores de C em todos os perfis, seguida pelos ácidos fúlvicos livres. Nos perfis em ambientes com altitudes elevadas o clima (Cwa, Cfb, Cwb) favoreceu a formação dos ácidos fúlvicos livres. Quanto às propriedades químicas, em ambos os horizontes foram verificados coeficientes de correlação positiva entre o hidrogênio e o conteúdo de carbono orgânico, r=0,58* e r=0,83**, para os horizontes A e B, respectivamente. Dentre as substâncias húmicas a de melhor correlação com o conteúdo de carbono orgânico foi a fração humina, com r=0,89** e r=0,91** para os horizontes A e B, respectivamente. Foi observada correlação positiva (p<0,05) entre a areia grossa e os C-FAF, C-FAH, C-HUM e a relação C-EA:C-HUM, nos horizontes A, indicando que a textura mais arenosa de alguns horizontes superficiais favorece a formação destas substâncias húmicas. O teor de C nos horizontes superficiais e subsuperficiais e a distribuição das substâncias húmicas variaram com a pedogênese e a altitude.

This study had as objective to characterize the distribution of humic substances (free fulvic acids, humic acids, fulvic acids, and humin) in soil profiles from different regions of Brazil, that had been object of studies of correlation meetings and soils surveys carried through by Embrapa and other institutions. The soil samples were selected and fractionated following concepts recognized by the IHSSS. The humin fraction presented the highest values of C in all the profiles, followed by the free fulvic acid fraction. In the profiles located on high altitude the climate (Cwa, Cfb, Cwb) favored the formation of free fulvic acid. As for the chemical properties, both horizons showed positive correlation coefficients between hydrogen and organic carbon content, with r=0.58* and r=0.83** for A and B horizons, respectively. Amongst the humic substances the humin showed the best correlation with the organic carbon content, with r=0.89** and r=0.91**) for A and B horizons, respectively. A positive correlation was observed between the coarse sand fraction and the C-FAF, C-HAF, C-HUM and the relation C-EA:C-HUM in the A horizons, indicating that the coarse texture of some surface horizons favors the formation of these humic substances. The organic C content in the surface and subsurface horizons and the distribution of humic substances varied with pedogenesis and altitude conditions.

5079 downloads Citado 5 vezes em SciELO

15.

Background levels of some trace elements in weathered soils from the Brazilian Northern region
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Fadigas, Francisco Souza

; Amaral Sobrinho, Nelson Moura Brasil do

; Anjos, Lucia Helena Cunha dos

; Mazur, Nelson

Scientia Agricola

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Fev 2010, Volume 67 Nº 1 Páginas 53 - 59

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Solos formados a partir de sedimentos do Grupo Barreiras apresentam, em geral, baixos teores de ferro, mineralogia caulinítica, elevadas quantidades de quartzo na fração areia e pequena quantidade de carbono orgânico. Determinaram-se os teores de Cd, Co, Cr, Ni e Zn extraídos com água régia, em bloco digestor, em Argissolos Amarelos e Latossolos Amarelos sob vegetação natural do Pará e Amapá. Regressão linear múltipla foi utilizada para correlacionar os parâmetros de solo e os teores desses metais. Melhores correlações foram obtidas entre Fe, Mn, argila, silte e Cd, Co, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni. Não foi encontrada correlação entre o pH e os teores de metais. Argila e areia apresentaram correlação inversa com os metais, porém de mesma magnitude, sendo necessária a exclusão de uma delas no modelo de regressão. Em geral, os teores dos elementos estudados foram inferiores aos encontrados em solos formados a partir de outros materiais de origem. O Mn foi incluído no modelo de regressão linear múltipla do Cd e Co, em função de sua associação com esses metais. O silte foi significativo nas equações para Cr e Co, o que pode ser devido à presença de minerais de argila e óxidos de Fe e Mn em agregados ferruginosos e argilosos de tamanho silte. Estas equações podem ser úteis quando se deseja conhecer, em termos gerais, quais as quantidades que determinada amostra teria se o solo em questão não estivesse contaminado ou sujeito a uso antrópico, podendo ser utilizadas na avaliação da contaminação do solo por estes metais.

Soils formed from the Barreiras Group sediments, located mainly along the coast of Brazil Northern and Northeastern regions, generally present low concentrations of iron oxides and total organic carbon, high quantities of quartz in the sand fraction, and kaolinitic clay mineralogy. The objective of the present study was to quantify the pseudo total concentrations of Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn and Fe in Xhantic Udox and Xhantic Udult soils derived from these sediments. The reference sites were covered by native vegetation and located in the States of Pará and Amapá, Brazil. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to determine correlations between soil parameters and the levels of these metals. The best correlation was obtained between Fe, Mn, clay, and silt contents, and Cd, Co, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni. A correlation between pH and these metal levels was not found. Clay and sand contents showed a negative inverse correlation with the metal levels,of same magnitude but with a different sign; this was the reason for excluding one of the parameters in the regression model. In general, the contents of the elements were lower than those found in soils formed from other parent materials. The Mn content was included in the model of multiple linear regression for Cd and Co, due to its association with these last metals. Silt level showed to have a significant influence in the equations for Cr and Co, which is attributed to the presence of clay minerals and Fe and Mn oxides in ferruginous and clay aggregates of silt size. The equations obtained in this paper, are useful to predict, in general terms, the amounts of those heavy metals in an unknown soil sample, if the soil material were not contaminated or affected by land usage. Thus, they may be applied to evaluate soil contamination by the studied heavy metals.

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