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Resumo O uso excessivo de inseticidas levou à resistência de alguns organismos patogênicos (nematódeos, bactérias e fungos), à contaminação ambiental e à presença de resíduos perigosos. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a mortalidade de metabólitos sintéticos derivados de estudos anteriores com cogumelos comestíveis contra o gorgulho-da-soja Rhyssomatus nigerrimus Fahraeus (Curculonidae) por causa da relevância do controle de pragas em uma cultura economicamente importante. Além disso, este é um dos primeiros estudos em que as moléculas fúngicas comestíveis são avaliadas para o controle desses insetos. Inicialmente, dois testes in vitro (efeito tóxico e imersão) foram avaliados contra R. nigerrimus. Nesses testes, a sensibilidade e a viabilidade foram determinadas no controle de 2% de Tween na água. Para esses dois testes, os metabólitos sintéticos – ácido pentadecanoico (PNA), ácido palmítico (PMA), ácido esteárico (STA), ácido linoleico (LNA) e β-sitosterol (βT) – foram avaliados individualmente, bem como a combinação dos 5, “a fração de padrões (E1)”. Com base nos resultados obtidos, o teste de imersão foi selecionado para avaliar as misturas de dois padrões (1. PMA + βT, 2. PMA + PNA, 3. PMA + LNA, 4. PMA + STA, 5. STA + βT, 6. STA + PNA, 7. STA + LNA, 8. PNA + βT, 9. PNA + LNA, 10. LNA + βT), três (1. PNA + βT + LNA, 2. PNA + βT + STA, 3. STA + LNA + PNA e 4. STA + LNA + βT) e quatro (PNA, βT, LNA e STA). Os resultados mostraram que a mistura de três padrões foi a com maior porcentagem de mortalidade em relação ao grupo controle, quais sejam, l. PNA + βT + LNA e 2. PNA + βT + STA, com 54,44% e 48% de mortalidade, respectivamente, em uma exposição de 15 dias contra R. nigerrimus. Estes resultados mostram a importância de avaliar as misturas entre moléculas contra R. nigerrimus.

Abstract Excessive use of insecticides has led to resistance of some pathogenic organisms (nematodes, bacteria and fungi), environmental contamination, and the presence of hazardous residues. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate synthetic metabolites derived from previous studies with edible mushrooms against the soybean weevil Rhyssomatus nigerrimus Fahraeus (Curculonidae) because of the relevance of pest control in an economically important crop. Furthermore, this is one of the first studies where edible fungal molecules are evaluated for the control of these insects. Initially, two in vitro tests (toxic effect and immersion) were evaluated against R. nigerrimus. In these tests, sensitivity and viability were determined in the 2% Tween control in water. For these two tests, the synthetic metabolites pentadecanoic acid (PNA), palmitic acid (PMA), stearic acid (STA), linoleic acid (LNA), β-sitosterol (βT) were evaluated individually as well as in combinations, “the fraction of standards (E1)”. Based on the results obtained, the dip test was selected to evaluate the mixtures of two standards (1. PMA + βT, 2. PMA + PNA, 3. PMA + LNA, 4. PMA + STA, 5. STA + βT, 6. STA + PNA, 7. STA + LNA, 8. PNA + βT, 9. PNA + LNA, 10. LNA + βT), three (1. PNA + βT + LNA, 2. PNA + βT + STA, 3. STA + LNA + PNA and 4. STA + LNA + βT) and four (PNA, βT, LNA and STA). The results showed that the mixture of three standards caused a higher percentage of mortality relative to the control group: l. PNA + βT + LNA and 2. PNA + βT + STA with 54.44 and 48% mortality of R. nigerrimus insects exposed for 15 days. These results show the importance of evaluating mixtures of molecules against R. nigerrimus.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.264786

Third National Registry of Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs in Mexico (RENAPREC III-2022)
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Lara-Vargas, Jorge A.

; Ilarraza-Lomelí, Hermes

; García-Saldivia, Marianna

; Pineda-García, Alfredo D.

; Leyva-Valadez, Eduardo A.

; Justiniano-Cordero, Samuel

; Sahagún-Olmos, Roberto

; Zavala-Ramírez, Juana

; Cassaigne-Guasco, María E.

; Sánchez-Limón, Edgar-F

; Castañeda-López, Javier

; Cerón-Enríquez, Norma

; Ku-González, Andrés

; Arteaga-Martínez, Rodolfo

; Hinojosa-López, Tania

; Vergara-Guzmán, Jéssica

; Pérez-Vázquez, Daniel I.

; Gasca-Zamudio, Pedro D.

; Aranda-Ayala, Zulema L.

; Vacío-Reyes, Martha E.

; Reza-Orozco, Marco

; Alcocer-Gamboa, Miguel A.

; Hernández-González, Pedro A.

; Pérez-Reyes, Angélica A.

; Núñez-Urquiza, Juan P.

; Alonso-Sánchez, Jesús

; Franco-Valles, Sarahí

; Romo-Escamilla, Ricardo E.

; Nuriulú-Escobar, Patricia

; Serna-Santamaría, Iván

; Avilés-González, Jorge

; Salgado-Solorio, María C.

; Muñoz-Gutiérrez, Luz M.

; Mendoza-Díaz, Pedro M.

; Ávila-Estrada, Ángel

; Morales-Medina, Carlos

; Lara-Vázquez, Eduardo

; Rodríguez-Herrera, Paulina

; Galván-López, María

; Segoviano-Mendoza, Georgina

; De-la-Torre-Cruz, Fabiola

; Jiménez-Campos, Cecilia

; Ramírez-Meléndez, Alejandra

; Almaraz-Ríos, Alejandro

; González-Bonilla, Mezthly

; Rojano-Castillo, Jessica

; Rius-Suarez, María D.

Archivos de cardiología de México

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Dez 2023, Volume 93 Nº 4 Páginas 405 - 416

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

Abstract Introduction: In Mexico, cardiac rehabilitation (CR) as an interdisciplinary intervention with therapeutic impact in patients with heart disease is growing. There is the need to know actual conditions of CR in our country. Objectives: The objective of this National Registry is to follow-up those existing and new CR units in Mexico through the comparison between the two previous registries, RENAPREC-2009 and RENAPREC II-2015 studies. This is a descriptive study focused on diverse CR activities such as assistance training, and certification of health professionals, barriers, reference, population attended, interdisciplinarity, permanence over time, growth prospects, regulations, post-pandemic condition, integrative characteristics, and scientific research. Results: Data were collected from 45 CR centers in the 32 states, 75.5% are private practice units, 67% are new, 33% were part of RENAPREC II-2015, and 17 have continued since 2009. With a better distribution of CR units along the territory, the median reference of candidates for CR programs is 9% with a significant reduction into tiempo of enrollment to Phase II admission (19 ± 11 days). Regarding to previous registries, the coverance of Phases I, II, and III is 71%, 100%, and 93%, respectively; and a coverance increases in evaluation, risk stratification, and prescription, more comprehensive attendance and prevention strategies. Conclusions: CR in Mexico has grown in the past 7 years. Even there is still low reference and heterogeneity in specific processes, there are strengths such as interdisciplinarity, scientific professionalization of specialists, national diversification, and an official society that are consolidated over time.

https://doi.org/10.24875/acm.22000235

Participación de la Delegación Mexicana en el XII Congreso Internacional de la Sociedad Dominicana de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria
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Moral-Bernal, Alberto Del

; Hernández-Martínez, Minerva P.

; García-López, Aurora

; Zavala-Cruz, Gad G.

; Villaseñor-Hidalgo, Rodrigo

; Fernández-Ortega, Miguel A.

; Pons-Álvarez, Octavio N.

; Pacheco-Juárez, Mariana

; Avilés-Sánchez, María E.

; Huerta-González, José L.

; López-Lozano, Miguel

; Farfán-Salazar, Georgina

Revista mexicana de medicina familiar

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Dez 2023, Volume 10 Nº 4 Páginas 156 - 158

Resumo: Es | Texto: Es | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.24875/rmf.23000118

Impact of two hot water treatments applied sequentially on oxidative metabolism related to chilling injury tolerance in mango fruit
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López-López, Martha Edith

; Ramírez-Perales, María Fernanda

; Ayón-Reyna, Lidia Elena

; Delgado-Vargas, Francisco

; Cruz-Mendivil, Abraham

; Vega-García, Misael Odín

Revista Chapingo. Serie horticultura

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Abr 2023, Volume 29 Nº 1 Páginas 19 - 38

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Mango is susceptible to chilling injury (CI). Its short-term exposure to heat treatments can induce tolerance to this disorder; however, a short time is not enough to control the fruit fly. In this sense, the application of sequential heat treatments where the quarantine treatment is included can bring great benefits for mango marketing. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of two different sequentially-applied hot water treatments (HWT) on CI tolerance and changes in oxidative metabolism in mango. Mangoes were divided into four groups: control, HWT1 (dipping in water at 46.1 °C for 75 min), HWT2 (dipping in water at 55 °C for 5 min), and HWT1 + HWT2. Fruits were stored at 5 °C/30 days to induce CI and thereafter at 21 °C for 8 days. Three replicates with five repetitions were used to evaluate CI index, electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), weight loss (WL), color, firmness and enzymatic antioxidant activity. The use of HWT1 reduced CI during low temperature storage, while HWT2 and the HWT1 + HWT2 showed lower CI symptoms during ripening. The use of HWT1 showed a similar EL % and higher MDA content (7.07 x 104 nmol·L-1) than the control (6.68 x 104 nmol·L-1). HWT1 + HWT2 showed the lowest WL (2.98 %) and the highest enzymatic antioxidant activity during cold storage and during the first days at 21 °C, while HWT2 showed the highest color and firmness retention. HWT applied sequentially can be considered an effective alternative to induce CI tolerance and to maintain the quality of mango.

Resumen El mango es susceptible a daño por frío (DF), aunque su exposición a tratamientos térmicos de corto plazo puede inducir tolerancia a esta alteración; sin embargo, un periodo corto no es suficiente para controlar la mosca de la fruta. En este sentido, la aplicación de tratamientos térmicos secuenciales cuando se emplea el tratamiento cuarentenario puede implicar grandes beneficios para la comercialización del mango. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de dos tratamientos hidrotérmicos (THT) aplicados secuencialmente sobre la tolerancia al DF y los cambios en el metabolismo oxidativo del mango. Los frutos se dividieron en cuatro grupos: testigo, THT1 (inmersión en agua a 46.1 °C durante 75 min), THT2 (inmersión en agua a 55 °C durante 5 min) y THT1 + THT2. Los frutos se almacenaron a 5 °C por 30 días para inducir el DF, y después a 21 °C durante 8 días. Se utilizaron tres muestras con cinco repeticiones para evaluar el índice de DF, la pérdida de electrolitos (PE), el malondialdehído (MDA), la pérdida de peso (PP), el color, la firmeza y la actividad enzimática antioxidante. El THT1 redujo el DF durante el almacenamiento a temperatura baja, mientras que el THT2 y el THT1 + THT2 presentaron menores síntomas de DF durante la maduración. El uso de THT1 mostró un porcentaje similar de PE y mayor contenido de MDA (7.07 x 104 nmol·L-1) que el testigo (6.68 x 104 nmol·L-1). La combinación THT1 + THT2 presentó la menor PP (2.98 %) y la mayor actividad enzimática antioxidante durante el almacenamiento frío durante los primeros días a 21 °C; en tanto que el THT2 mostró la retención más alta de color y firmeza. Los THT aplicados de manera secuencial se pueden considerar una alternativa efectiva para inducir la tolerancia al DF y para mantener la calidad del mango.

https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.05.009

Actividad fagocítica y toxicidad del extracto acuoso de Schinus molle L. sobre Mus musculus BALB/c
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Carrasco-Solano, Fransk

; Cruz-López, Cinthya Santa

; Ruiz-Barrueto, Miguel Ángel

Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas

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Abr 2023, Volume 22 Nº 2 elocation e4815

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Introduction: Traditional medicine could be a safe alternative to enhance the immunity of immunocompromised patients prone to recurrent infections. Objective: To evaluate the phagocytic activity and in vivo toxicity of the aqueous extract of Schinus molle L. on Mus musculus BALB/c. Material and Methods: Experimental study that used a single dose of aqueous extract of Schinus molle leaves of 2000 mg/kg. In vivo phagocytosis was determined in 10 specimens of M. musculus BALB/c that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, which were randomly and equally distributed in the control and experimental groups. The specimens of the experimental group were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.5 ml of Staphylococcus aureus suspension and 0.5 ml of the aqueous extract. Those of the control group were inoculated with 0.5 ml of the same bacterial inoculum and 0.5 ml of sterile saline solution. The toxicity of the extract was evaluated by the method of the acute toxicity classes in 12 specimens of mice with the same characteristics that fulfilled the same criteria applied in the evaluation of phagocytosis in vivo. Results: The results demonstrate that 57.1% of the macrophages exposed to the aqueous extract of S. molle showed significant phagocytic activity, finding an average of 21 phagocytosed bacteria per macrophage. No significant signs or symptoms of toxicity were evidenced in the specimens during the 14 days of experimentation. Conclusions: The aqueous extract of S. molle significantly increased in vivo phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages from M. musculus BALB/c, without clinical evidence of toxicity and in the absence of mortality.

RESUMEN Introducción: La medicina tradicional podría ser una alternativa segura para potenciar la inmunidad de pacientes inmunocomprometidos propensos a infecciones recurrentes. Objetivo: Evaluar la actividad fagocítica y toxicidad in vivo del extracto acuoso de Schinus molle L. en Mus musculus BALB/c. Material y Métodos: Estudio experimental que utilizó una dosis única de extracto acuoso de hojas de Schinus molle de 2000 mg/kg. La fagocitosis in vivo se determinó en 10 ejemplares de M. musculus BALB/c que cumplieron criterios de inclusión y exclusión, distribuidos aleatoria y equitativamente en los grupos control y experimental. Los especímenes del grupo experimental fueron inoculados vía intraperitoneal con 0,5 ml de suspensión de Staphylococcus aureus y 0,5 ml del extracto acuoso. Los del grupo control con 0,5 ml del mismo inóculo bacteriano y 0,5 ml de solución salina estéril. La toxicidad del extracto se evaluó por el método de las clases de toxicidad aguda en 12 ejemplares de ratones con las mismas características y cumpliendo los mismos criterios aplicados en la evaluación de la fagocitosis in vivo. Resultados: El 57,1 % de los macrófagos expuestos al extracto acuoso de S. molle presentaron importante actividad fagocítica, encontrándose una media de 21 bacterias fagocitadas por macrófago. No se evidenciaron significativamente signos ni síntomas de toxicidad en los especímenes durante los 14 días de experimentación. Conclusiones: El extracto acuoso de S. molle incrementó significativamente la fagocitosis in vivo de los macrófagos peritoneales de M. musculus BALB/c, sin evidencia de clínica de toxicidad y en ausencia de mortalidad.

Alternative methods of skull reconstruction for giant sarcomas
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Araujo-López, Adán

; Gónzalez-Rodríguez, Mónica

; Cruz-Hernández, Álvaro

; Nuñéz-Castillo, Joseph A.

; Tristán-Tenorio, Carlo Augusto

; Ríos-Lara, Rodolfo L.

; Ugalde-Vitelly, Juan A.

Revista médica del Hospital General de México

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Mar 2023, Volume 86 Nº 1 Páginas 23 - 29

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Soft tissue sarcomas are malignant tumors derived from the mesoderm, the most frequent age of presentation is between the 5th and 7th decade of life, mostly in males, more frequent location in the extremities, leaving only 1% of presentation in skin hairy, and this is a new concept of treating big sarcomas. We present the case of a 45-year-old male with a diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma on the frontal, parietal, and right occipital surface of approximately 35x28x25 cm, without involvement of adjacent organs, without adjuvant therapy. Performing an oncological resection, exposing the periosteum, performing fenetrations of the external table, covering the Dermal Matrix – Integra®, using a new concept to treat this large defects, after 3 weeks with complete neodermis, we cover it with a Partial Thickness Graft, achieving 100% integration. and proper follow-up. Sarcomas are an uncommon and heterogeneous group of neoplasms of mesenchymal origin. Standard use of Integra reconstruction requires two stages: Integra forms a neo dermis through ingrowth of host vessels, followed by application of a thin split-thickness skin graft at a later date <30 days, using this new concepts of treating large defects with no flap. Sarcomas are highly aggressive and have very varied symptoms depending on the tumor stage at the time of diagnosis. Timely and improved a new concept of treatment such as an Integra® dermal regenerator, not using a flap, shows adequate integration in the patient and survival.

https://doi.org/10.24875/hgmx.22000011

Possible effects of different types of agricultural wastes on food security and mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) production
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De La Cruz-Marcos, R. N.

; Areche, F. O.

; Segura, S. O. P.

; López, J. M. M.

; De La Cruz-Calderón, G.

; Solano, M. A. Q.

; Onofre, A. S.

; Camayo-Lapa, B. F.

; Otivo, J. M. M.

; Flores, D. D. C.

; Pairazaman, M. E. E.

; Domínguez, J. A. J.

; Aguilar, S. V.

; Aguirre, L. Á. F.

; Paricanaza-Ticona, D. C.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e273829

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract One of the new waters, and environmentally friendly agriculture initiatives in Peru is to encourage the utilization of agricultural waste, because low agricultural output is a threat to food security there. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of harvest residues on the basidiocarp production of the fungus Pleurotus Ostreatus, in Acobamba-Huancavelica. The trial had a completely randomized design, and the treatments included T1, barley stubbles; T2, wheat stubbles; T3, pea stubbles; T4, broad bean stubbles; and T5, quinoa stubbles. The research was quantitative in nature, taking the form of an experiment with an applied, explanatory level of design. The recorded data was tabulated and analyzed with analysis of variance, as well as Tukey's test (α:0.05), for which the statistical software Infostat was used. The results are presented in tables and graphs for a better interpretation. As main results, it was obtained that the time (colonization), diameter (stem, pileus), length (stem) and weight (basidiocarps), present statistical differences between treatments showing significant enhancement in all parameters. Despite a numerical difference, a Tukey average comparison test revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the averages for the variable time for fungus colonisation, suggesting that the treatment T5 in which quinoa substrate showed the greatest average. Treatment T4 in which broad bean stubbles were used gave the most low-average. In conclusion, increment in all parámeters were noted in all treatment of Pleurotus basidiocarps ostreatus under Acobamba conditions.

Resumo Uma das novas iniciativas de águas e agricultura ecológica no Peru é incentivar a utilização de resíduos agrícolas, porque a baixa produção agrícola é uma ameaça à segurança alimentar no país. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito dos resíduos da colheita na produção de basidiocarpos do fungo Pleurotus ostreatus, em Acobamba-Huancavelica. O ensaio teve um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, e os tratamentos incluíram T1, restolho de cevada; T2, soqueiras de trigo; T3, restolho de ervilha; T4, restolho de fava; e T5, restolho de quinoa. A pesquisa foi de natureza quantitativa, assumindo a forma de experimento com um nível de design aplicado e explicativo. Os dados registrados foram tabulados e analisados com análise de variância, bem como teste de Tukey (α:0,05), para o qual foi utilizado o software estatístico Infostat. Os resultados são apresentados em tabelas e gráficos para melhor interpretação. Como principais resultados, obteve-se que o tempo (colonização), diâmetro (caule, píleo), comprimento (caule) e peso (basidiocarpos) apresentam diferenças estatísticas entre os tratamentos, mostrando melhora significativa em todos os parâmetros. Apesar da diferença numérica, o teste de comparação de médias de Tukey revelou que não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as médias para a variável tempo de colonização do fungo, sugerindo que o tratamento T5 em que usou o substrato quinoa, apresentou a maior média. O tratamento T4, no qual foram usadas restolhos de fava, apresentou a média mais baixa. Em conclusão, incrementos em todos os parâmetros foram observados em todos os tratamentos de Pleurotus basidiocarps ostreatus nas condições de Acobamba.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.273829

High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD) method development and validation for the quantification of triclosan in toothpaste.
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Muñiz-Valencia, R.

; Rodríguez-Pérez, M. A.

; Barragan-Mendoza, L.

; Cruz-Torres, L.F. De la

; Macias-López, E.G.

; Maldonado-Michel, M.A.

; Rodríguez-Aguilar, B.A.

; Ceballos-Magaña, S.G.

Revista bio ciencias

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2023, Volume 10 elocation e1410

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Triclosan is used in many healthcare products as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial and disinfectant agent; however, it is currently considered an emerging pollutant. The present study aimed to develop an analytical method using liquid chromatography coupled to a Diode Array Detector for triclosan determination in toothpaste. Method development involved the optimization of separation and sample preparation. For chromatographic separation optimization, different Reverse Phase columns and elution systems were tested. After different experiments, chromatographic separation was optimized employing the following conditions: a Symmetry C18 column at 30 °C, 0.6 mL/min flow-rate, running time of about 3 minutes, and wavelength detection at 225 nm. To optimize toothpaste sample preparation, a response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken fractional factorial design was chosen. The sample preparation consisted of extracting 0.2 g of the sample by sonication for 7 minutes using 2 mL of methanol. According to the International Conference on Harmonization and European Commission Decision 200/657/EC guidelines, the developed method was validated. The developed analytical method was found fast, economic, linear, sensitive, precise, and robust and allowed to quantify triclosan in different healthcare products.

RESUMEN El triclosán se utiliza en muchos productos para el cuidado de la salud como agente antimicrobiano y desinfectante de amplio espectro; sin embargo, actualmente se considera un contaminante emergente. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo desarrollar un método de cromatografía de líquidos acoplada a un detector de arreglo de diodos para la determinación de triclosán en pasta de dientes. El desarrollo del método implicó la optimización de la separación y la preparación de muestras. Para la optimización de la separación cromatográfica, se probaron diferentes columnas de Fase Inversa y sistemas de elución. Después de diferentes experimentos, se optimizó la separación cromatográfica empleando las siguientes condiciones: una columna Symmetry C18 a 30 °C, velocidad de flujo de 0.6 mL/min, tiempo de análisis de aproximadamente 3 minutos y detección de longitud de onda a 225 nm. Para optimizar la preparación de la muestra de pasta de dientes, se eligió una metodología de superficie de respuesta que utiliza un diseño factorial fraccional Box-Behnken. La preparación de la muestra consistió en extraer 0.2 g de muestra mediante sonicación durante 7 minutos utilizando 2 mL de metanol. El método desarrollado fue validado de acuerdo con la Conferencia Internacional sobre Armonización y las directrices de la Decisión de la Comisión Europea 200/657/CE. El método analítico desarrollado se determinó como rápido, económico, lineal, sensible, preciso y robusto y permitió cuantificar triclosán en diferentes productos de salud.

https://doi.org/10.15741/revbio.10.e1410

Effect of rhizobium and gibberellin on the production of hydroponic green forage of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) variety quiñequeli
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Castrejón Valdez, M.

; De La Cruz Quispe, J.

; Mendoza Común, V. E.

; Sumarriva-Bustinza, L. A.

; De La Cruz-Rojas, L. A.

; More López, J. M.

; Espinoza-Quispe, C. E.

; Rojas-Felipe, E.

; Caira Mamani, C. M.

; Yaulilahua-Huacho, R.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e274345

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effect of rhizobium and gibberellin on the production of hydroponic green forage from red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) variety quiñequeli, four variables were measured: plant height, biomass weight, grass weight and root weight. The treatments were T0: 0%, T1: 10%, T2: 20%, T3: 30% and T4: 40% of Rhizobium before germination and Gibberellin T0: 0g, T1: 2.4g; T2: 3.3g; T3: 4.3 and T4: 5.3g each treatment with 6 repetitions, three applications on days 5, 10, 15 and 20 of growth. Data were analyzed with DCA, ANOVA and DUNCAN's multiple comparisons test; the results obtained were: first measurement with rhizobium without gibberellin there were no statistical differences, second and third measurement with Gibberellin application did not present statistical differences and the fourth measurement presented statistical difference (α=0.05), average height of the plant with a mean of 12.82 cm, T4 was higher, in biomass a statistical difference was obtained with a mean of 3.056 kg, T3 was higher, weight of grass and root did not present statistical differences; concluding that the use of rhizobium and gibberellin could be a usable alternative in the production of hydroponic green fodder, to alleviate the problems of fodder scarcity in dry season, its use being recommended in high Andean livestock.

Resumo O objetivo da presente investigação foi determinar o efeito do rizóbio e da giberelina na produção de forragem verde hidropônica a partir do trevo vermelho (Trifolium pratense L.), variedade quiñequeli, para isso, foram medidas quatro variáveis: altura da planta, peso da biomassa, peso do capim e peso da raiz. Os tratamentos foram T0: 0%, T1: 10%, T2: 20%, T3: 30% e T4: 40% de Rizóbio antes da germinação, e Giberelina T0: 0g, T1: 2,4g; T2: 3,3g; T3: 4,3 e T4: 5,3g a cada tratamento com 6 repetições, com três aplicações nos dias 5, 10, 15 e 20 de crescimento. Os dados foram analisados com DCA, ANOVA e teste de comparações múltiplas de DUNCAN; os resultados obtidos foram: a primeira medição com rizóbio sem giberelina não apresentou diferenças estatísticas, a segunda e terceira medição com aplicação de giberelina não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas e a quarta medição apresentou diferença estatística (α=0,05), altura média da planta com média de 12,82 cm, T4 foi maior, na biomassa obteve-se diferença estatística com média de 3,056 kg, T3 foi maior, peso do capim e da raiz não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas; concluindo que o uso de rizóbio e giberelina poderia ser uma alternativa utilizável na produção de forragem verde hidropônica para aliviar os problemas de escassez de forragem na estação seca, sendo seu uso recomendado para a pecuária da região alta-andina.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.274345

10.

Analysis of the biological and chemical characteristics of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata L.) Fed with compost based on sugarcane residues
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Cruz Nieto, D. D.

; Montes, L. A. A.

; Lirión Rodríguez, I. R.

; Chauca, V. M. Z.

; More López, J. M.

; Yovera Saldarriaga, J.

; Romero Menacho, J. U.

; Chanducas Tantaleán, H. E.

; Sotelo Montes, J. E.

; Jamanca Ramirez, M. A.

; Caira Mamani, C. M.

; Alberto, M. N. M.

; Carbonel Neciosup, A. E.

; Vélez Chang, Y. J.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e275698

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract The pandemic and the geopolitical conflict between Russia and Ukraine are events that have caused economic instability in Peru. Reason that was investigated on the analysis of the biological and chemical characteristics of cabbage fed with compost based on sugarcane residues. The objective was to analyze the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of cabbage from the adequate dose of compost based on sugarcane residues and distance between plants. It is based on the methodology applied with an experimental approach, for which the Completely Random Block Design with a 4x 2 factorial arrangement was used, which consisted of 3 blocks and 8 treatments that were the combination: F1 with 0, F2 with 8, T3 with 10 and F4 with 12 t/ha and spacing (D1) with 0.30 m between plants and 0.60 m between rows and (D2) with 0.35 m between plants and 0.60 m between rows. The physical characteristics of cabbage were evaluated and processed by analysis of variance, nutrient concentrations in leaves and stomatal density were analyzed. The results determined that T7 stood out in plant height with 41.88 cm, yield with 26.76 tn/ha and T6 in root length with 20.22 cm. In chemical analysis of leaves T1 stood out in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and T4 in calcium, magnesium and sulfur. In T7 stomata density with 977 stomata/mm2. It concludes that at an adequate dose and greater distance that T7 stands out in the concentration of nutrients that are within normal values and high density of stomata; Therefore, these characteristics influenced the optimal biochemical reactions, which obtained good development and yield that differed at 51.39% and 32.17% with respect to the controls T1 and T5.

Resumo A pandemia e o conflito geopolítico entre a Rússia e a Ucrânia são eventos que têm causado instabilidade econômica no Peru. Motivo que foi investigado na análise das características biológicas e químicas do repolho alimentado com composto à base de resíduos da cana-de-açúcar. O objetivo foi analisar as características físicas, químicas e biológicas do repolho a partir da dose adequada de composto à base de resíduos da cana-de-açúcar e distância entre plantas. Baseia-se na metodologia aplicada com uma abordagem experimental, para a qual foi utilizado o Delineamento de Blocos Completamente Aleatório com arranjo fatorial 4 x 2, que consistia em 3 blocos e 8 tratamentos que eram a combinação: F1 com 0, F2 com 8, T3 com 10 e F4 com 12 toneladas/ha e espaçamento (D1) com 0,30 m entre plantas e 0,60 m entre linhas e (D2) com 0,35 m entre plantas e 0,60 m entre linhas. As características físicas do repolho foram avaliadas e processadas por análise de variância, as concentrações de nutrientes nas folhas e a densidade estomática foram analisadas. Os resultados determinaram que T7 se destacou em altura de planta com 41,88 cm, produtividade com 26,76 tn/ha e T6 em comprimento de raiz com 20,22 cm. Na análise química das folhas T1 se destacou em nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio e T4 em cálcio, magnésio e enxofre. Em densidade de estômatos T7 com 977 estômatos/mm2. Conclui que em dose adequada e maior distância que T7 se destaca na concentração de nutrientes que estão dentro dos valores normais e alta densidade de estômatos; Portanto, essas características influenciaram nas reações bioquímicas ótimas, que obtiveram bom desenvolvimento e rendimentos que diferiram em 51,39% e 32,17% em relação aos controles T1 e T5.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.275698

11.

Caracterización agronómica de germoplasma de Salvia hispanica L.
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Xingú-López, Andrés

; González-Huerta, Andrés

; Cruz-Torres, Eulogio de la

; Sangerman-Jarquín, Dora Ma.

; Montes-Hernandez, Salvador

; Rubí-Arriaga, Martín

Revista mexicana de ciencias agrícolas

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Dez 2022, Volume 13 Nº 8 Páginas 1361 - 1371

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen La Salvia hispanica L. (chía) es una planta herbácea originaria de México, pertenece a la familia Lamiaceae. El cultivo fue prohibido y sustituido por otros cereales durante la conquista. Por el contenido nutricional y propiedades nutraceúticas que posee, se ha reintroducido y actualmente se considera un alimento potencial altamente nutritivo. La superficie sembrada se incremente anualmente, los materiales cultivados son genotipos locales o introducidos, debido que son escasas las variedades mejoradas. Con el objetivo de identificar accesiones sobresalientes, orientadas a una mayor eficiencia del cultivo, durante el ciclo agrícola primavera-verano 2017, se caracterizaron agronómicamente 32 accesiones de S. hispanica, en siete ambientes, bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Se evaluaron las variables: altura de planta, diámetro de tallo, peso de planta, número de espigas, peso de grano por planta y rendimiento por hectárea. Las accesiones 1, 2, 12 y 22 presentaron mayor rendimiento de semilla por hectárea, altura de planta, número de espigas florales, frutos por espiga y peso seco de planta. El promedio de producción de semilla fue de 924 kg ha-1. El mejor ambiente para producción de chía fue Rancho San Lorenzo, Metepec. El análisis clúster agrupo a las accesiones en cinco conglomerados, agrupándolos por su rendimiento y variables afines.

Abstract Salvia hispanica L. (chia) is an herbaceous plant native to Mexico, belongs to the Lamiaceae family. The crop was banned and replaced by other cereals during the Conquest. Due to the nutritional content and nutraceutical properties it possesses, it has been reintroduced and is currently considered a highly nutritious potential food. The area sown is increased annually, the cultivated materials are usually local or introduced genotypes, because there are few improved varieties. With the aim of identifying outstanding accessions, oriented to greater efficiency of the crop, during the 2017 spring-summer agricultural cycle, 32 accessions of S. hispanica were agronomically characterized, in seven environments, under a design of randomized complete blocks with three repetitions. The following variables were evaluated: plant height, stem diameter, plant weight, number of spikes, grain weight per plant and yield per hectare. Accessions 1, 2, 12 and 22 had higher seed yield per ha, plant height, number of flower spikes, fruits per spike and dry plant weight. The average seed production was 924 kg ha-1. The best environment for chia production was Rancho San Lorenzo, Metepec. The cluster analysis grouped the accessions into five clusters, grouping them by their yield and related variables.

https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v13i8.2647

12.

Descomposición y liberación de nutrientes de la hojarasca de árboles en pastizales
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Bruno-Eutimio, Delia Ivette

; Avendaño Yáñez, María de la Luz

; Perroni, Yareni

; Salinas-Ruíz, Josafhat

; Vargas Mendoza, Mónica de la Cruz

; López-Ortiz, Silvia

Ecosistemas y recursos agropecuarios

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Dez 2022, Volume 9 Nº 3 elocation e3205

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen: Los árboles dispersos en pastizales son una fuente importante de nutrientes, reciclados a través de la hojarasca que los árboles liberan anualmente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la descomposición y liberación de nutrientes de la hojarasca de Vachellia pennatula y Lysiloma acapulcense, en un clima cálido subhúmedo. Se colocaron bolsas de descomposición y se monitoreó la humedad del suelo y temperatura ambiental bajo el dosel de los árboles y en áreas abiertas durante 32 semanas. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques al azar y se modeló la descomposición de hojarasca en cuatro tratamientos: sombra de L. acapulcense con hojarasca de L. acapulcense (1) o de V. pennatula (2); sombra de V. Pennatula con hojarasca de L. acapulcense (3) o de V. pennatula (4). Se determinó la composición química de la hojarasca. Los parámetros de calidad evaluados (relación C/N, lignina, celulosa y hemicelulosa) fueron buenos predictores del proceso de descomposición. La hojarasca remanente a las 32 semanas fue similar en todos los tratamientos (P = 0.999). En el proceso de descomposición, la constante (k) osciló entre -0.00090 y -0.00096, que denota lenta descomposición (t50 = 1.98-2.11 años, t99 = 13.2-14.0 años). El nitrógeno y el fósforo aumentaron al final del experimento debido a la probable inmovilización de estos nutrimentos por microorganismos asociados (hongos y bacterias). La descomposición y liberación de nutrientes de la hojarasca de V. pennatula y L. acapulcense en este ambiente cálido subhúmedo es relativamente lenta, independientemente del microclima generado por la sombra.

Abstract Scattered trees in pastures are an important source of nutrients recycled through leaf litter released annually. The objective was to assess the decomposition and nutrient release by leaf litter from Vachellia pennatula and Lysiloma acapulcense in a sub-humid warm climate Decomposition litterbags were set under the canopies and then collected, and soil humidity and temperatura were measured over a 32-week period. A randomized block design was used, and litter decomposition was modeled in four treatments: litter from L. acapulcense under shade from L. acapulcense (1), litter from V. pennatula under shade from L. acapulcense (2), litter from L. acapulcense under shade from V. pennatula (3), and litter from V. pennatula under shade from V. pennatula (4). Chemical composition of leaf litter was assessed. Chemical composition of leaf litter was assessed. Chemical composition variables evaluated (C/N ratio, lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose) were good predictors of decomposition. Remnant leaf litter at 32 weeks was similar in all treatments (P = 0.999). The decomposition rate (k) ranged from -0.00090 to -0.00096 across treatments, showing a low decomposition rate (t50 = 1.98-2.11 yr, t99 = 13.2-14.0 yr), where only litter fragmentation took place during the 32-week period, across decomposition conditions. Nitrogen and P increased at the end of the study suggesting nutrient sequestration by microorganisms (e.g. fungi and bacteria) associated with the litter during the study period. Litter decomposition and nutrient release from these tree species which have a high C/N ratio are relatively slow under sub-humid warm climate conditions.

https://doi.org/10.19136/era.a9n3.3205

13.

Morphological and Structural Study of Anodized Titanium Grade 2, Using HCl in Aqueous Solution
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Maytorena-Sánchez, A.

; Hernández-Torres, J.

; Orozco-Cruz, R.

; Zamora-Peredo, L.

; López-Huerta, F.

; Pacio-Castillo, M.

; Serrano-de la Rosa, L. E.

; García-González, L.

Materials Research

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2022, Volume 25 Supl. 1 elocation e20210497

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract In this work, the electrochemical anodization process was carried out on titanium grade 2, using an electrolytic solution of 3 M and 0.15 M HCl with voltages of 11 V, 12 V and 15 V, as well as time variations in the experimental process and later an annealing process at 750 °C. According to the results obtained, the TiO2 coatings presented different morphologies on their surface, which consisted of nanopores, nanowires and clusters of oxide grains, as well as a combination of anatase and rutile crystalline phases. Band Gap variations were found to be non-significant despite changes in the morphology of the coatings at different anodization conditions, with an average value of 2.91 eV. It was observed that the anodized samples treated by the annealing process at 750 °C, thickness values up to 16 μm were obtained.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2021-0497

14.

Optimization of Carvacrol Nanoemulsion for the Incorporation in Pectin Membranes: Influence on Their Load Capacity, Microstructure and Antibacterial Properties
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Beltrán, O.

; Luna, M.

; Valbuena-Gregorio, E.

; Valdez-Melchor, R. G.

; Burruel-Ibarra, S. E.

; Quihui-Cota, L.

; Ruiz-Cruz, S.

; Juárez, J.

; López-Mata, M. A.

Materials Research

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2022, Volume 25 elocation e20210534

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Interest in developing novel wound dressings with antibacterial properties elaborated from natural sources continues to grow. In this study, a Tween-80 (T80)-stabilized carvacrol (CAR) emulsion was incorporated into pectin (PEC) membranes at 0 (control), 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00% (v/v). Membranes were obtained by the dry-casting method, characterized by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and CAR retention (HPLC), and tested for antibacterial activity. The retention percentage of CAR in the membranes ranged from 9.1-13.9%. Infrared spectra analysis indicated changes in the hydrogen bonds of the membranes that suggest an interaction between the polymer matrix and the CAR:T80 emulsion. Microstructural analysis of the membranes showed the presence of hole-like features on the surface (≈ 4-6 µm diameter) that indicate entrapment of the micelles in the matrix (microcapsules). The PEC-CAR membranes exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, two pathogens commonly associated with wounds and intra-hospital infections.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2021-0534

15.

Use of green (Opuntia megacantha) and red (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) cactus pear peels for developing a supplement rich in antioxidants, fiber, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus
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OCHOA-VELASCO, Carlos Enrique

; PALESTINA-RIVERA, Jesús

; ÁVILA-SOSA, Raúl

; NAVARRO-CRUZ, Addí Rhode

; VERA-LÓPEZ, Obdulia

; LAZCANO-HERNÁNDEZ, Martín Alvaro

; HERNÁNDEZ-CARRANZA, Paola

Food Science and Technology

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2022, Volume 42 elocation e101421

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Cactus pear is an underused exotic fruit rich in health-promoting compounds with a high amount of peel in its composition. Thus, it is necessary to look for its application in the food industry. The aim of this study is to assess the proximal analysis, health-promoting compounds, sensory acceptance, and probiotic survival (Lactobacillus rhamnosus) of supplements based on red (RCPP) or green (GCPP) cactus pear peel. Both supplements presented a low moisture content (< 8%) and a high amount of dietary fiber (66-76%), with an adequate quantity of soluble dietary fiber (16.53 ± 1.84 and 19.78 ± 0.83%). Total phenolic compounds, betalains, and antioxidant capacity of the supplements were in the range of 392 to 543 mg GAE/100 g, 23 to 95 mg betalain/100 g, and 17 to 97 mmol Trolox /100 g, respectively, being always higher in RCPP, which was also better accepted by the consumers. After 5-h of gastrointestinal simulation, L. rhamnosus survival was about 5.79 x 106 CFU/mL for GCPP supplement, while 3.22 x 106 CFU/mL, were counted in RCPP supplement. Cactus pear by-products may be used for developing food supplements rich in fiber and probiotic bacteria widely demanded by the consumer.

https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.101421

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