ABSTRACT From February to December 2021, 960 serum samples from different climate regions in two Mexican states were analyzed for antibodies against EIAV using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) tests. The overall seroprevalence of EIAV infection in equids determined by ELISA and AGID tests was 19.69% and 17.60%, respectively. The highest rate of seropositivity was observed in the state of Veracruz (23.67%, using AGID test), and the lowest rate was found in the state of Puebla (13.12%, using cELISA test). In total, 17.45% (85/487, using AGID test) and 15.40% (75/487, using cELISA test) of horses were positive for EIAV infection. Donkeys showed a prevalence of 19.87% (94/473) in cELISA and 21.99% (104/476) in AGID. The cELISA was compared with AGID as the gold standard test. The diagnostic sensitivity for horses and donkeys was 90.4% and 92.2%, and the specificity was 97.5% and 97.3%, respectively, with an almost perfect degree of agreement (kappa values of 0.871 and 0.888). Therefore, the overall seroprevalence rate of EIAV infection in equines in the sampled states of Puebla and Veracruz was 19.3%, with 91.4% sensitivity, 97.4% specificity, and an agreement of 96.25%, indicating almost perfect agreement (kappa = 0.880). 2021 96 enzymelinked enzyme linked (cELISA (AGID 1969 19 69 19.69 1760 17 60 17.60% respectively 23.67%, 2367 23 67 (23.67% test, test , 13.12%, 1312 13 12 (13.12% . total 1745 45 17.45 85/487, 85487 85 487 (85/487 1540 15 40 15.40 75/487, 75487 75 (75/487 1987 87 19.87 94/473 94473 94 473 (94/473 2199 21 99 21.99 104/476 104476 104 476 (104/476 904 90 4 90.4 922 92 2 92.2% 975 97 5 97.5 973 3 97.3% kappa 0871 0 871 0.87 0.888. 0888 0.888 888 0.888) Therefore 193 19.3% 914 91 91.4 974 97.4 9625 25 96.25% 0.880. 0880 0.880 880 0.880) 202 9 196 1 6 19.6 176 17.60 23.67% 236 (23.67 13.12% 131 (13.12 174 17.4 85/487 8548 8 48 (85/48 154 15.4 75/487 7548 7 (75/48 198 19.8 94/47 9447 47 (94/47 219 21.9 104/47 10447 10 (104/47 90. 92.2 97. 97.3 087 0.8 088 0.88 88 19.3 91. 962 96.25 20 19. 17.6 23.67 (23.6 13.12 (13.1 17. 85/48 854 (85/4 15. 75/48 754 (75/4 94/4 944 (94/4 21. 104/4 1044 (104/4 92. 08 0. 96.2 23.6 (23. 13.1 (13. 85/4 (85/ 75/4 (75/ 94/ (94/ 104/ (104/ 96. 23. (23 13. (13 85/ (85 75/ (75 (94 (104 (2 (1 (8 (7 (9 (10 (

RESUMO De fevereiro a dezembro de 2021, 960 amostras de soro de diferentes regiões climáticas em dois estados mexicanos foram analisadas quanto à presença de anticorpos contra o EIAV, por meio de testes de imunoabsorção enzimática competitiva (cELISA) e imunodifusão em gel de ágar (AGID). A soroprevalência geral da infecção por EIAV em equídeos, determinada pelos testes ELISA e AGID, foi de 19,69% (189 de 960 amostras de soro) e 17,60% (169 de 960 amostras de soro), respectivamente. A maior taxa de soropositividade foi observada no estado de Veracruz (23,67%, usando-se o teste AGID), e a menor taxa foi encontrada no estado de Puebla (13,12%, usando-se o teste cELISA). No total, 17,45% (85/487, usando-se o teste AGID) e 15,40% (75/487, usando-se o teste cELISA) dos cavalos foram positivos para a infecção por EIAV. Os jumentos apresentaram uma prevalência de 19,87% (94/473) no cELISA e 21,99% (104/476) no AGID. O cELISA foi comparado com o AGID como o teste padrão-ouro. A sensibilidade diagnóstica para cavalos e jumentos foi de 90,4% e 92,2%, e a especificidade foi de 97,5% e 97,3%, respectivamente, com um grau de concordância quase perfeito (valores kappa de 0,871 e 0,888). Portanto, a taxa de soroprevalência geral da infecção por EIAV em equinos nos estados de Puebla e Veracruz amostrados foi de 19,3%, com sensibilidade de 91,4%, especificidade de 97,4% e concordância de 96,25%, indicando concordância quase perfeita (kappa = 0,880). 2021 96 (cELISA . (AGID) equídeos 1969 19 69 19,69 189 (18 1760 17 60 17,60 169 (16 soro, , respectivamente 23,67%, 2367 23 67 (23,67% usandose usando se 13,12%, 1312 13 12 (13,12% cELISA. total 1745 45 17,45 85/487, 85487 85 487 (85/487 1540 15 40 15,40 75/487, 75487 75 (75/487 1987 87 19,87 94/473 94473 94 473 (94/473 2199 21 99 21,99 104/476 104476 104 476 (104/476 padrãoouro. padrãoouro padrão ouro. ouro padrão-ouro 904 90 4 90,4 922 92 2 92,2% 975 97 5 97,5 973 3 97,3% valores 0871 0 871 0,87 0,888. 0888 0,888 888 0,888) Portanto 193 19,3% 914 91 91,4% 974 97,4 9625 25 96,25% 0,880. 0880 0,880 880 0,880) 202 9 (AGID 196 1 6 19,6 18 (1 176 17,6 16 23,67% 236 (23,67 13,12% 131 (13,12 174 17,4 85/487 8548 8 48 (85/48 154 15,4 75/487 7548 7 (75/48 198 19,8 94/47 9447 47 (94/47 219 21,9 104/47 10447 10 (104/47 90, 92,2 97, 97,3 087 0,8 088 0,88 88 19,3 91,4 962 96,25 20 19, ( 17, 23,67 (23,6 13,12 (13,1 85/48 854 (85/4 15, 75/48 754 (75/4 94/4 944 (94/4 21, 104/4 1044 (104/4 92, 08 0, 91, 96,2 23,6 (23, 13,1 (13, 85/4 (85/ 75/4 (75/ 94/ (94/ 104/ (104/ 96, 23, (23 13, (13 85/ (85 75/ (75 (94 (104 (2 (8 (7 (9 (10

ABSTRACT Global advances in reproductive biotechnology have allowed for the transfer of embryos from donor females with high genetic merit to recipients using the cryopreservation technique, which preserves an embryo of excellent quality and viability, thereby achieving a feasible pregnancy rate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality and viability of Holstein embryos that have been cryopreserved for more than 40 years under glycerol freezing. The embryos were transferred to the recipient heifers using a non-surgical method. Two 17-month-old Holstein heifers (360 kg live weights) which were clinically healthy and reproductively active were used as the recipients. Two bovine embryos of Grade 1 quality were thawed and evaluated for their morphology. Of the two embryo transfers, one pregnancy was achieved, resulting in the birth of a calf. Therefore, embryos frozen in liquid nitrogen and glycerol as a cryopreservative for more than 40 years maintained their quality and viability to produce a live calf. technique rate 4 freezing nonsurgical non surgical method 17monthold monthold 17 month old 360 (36 weights morphology transfers achieved calf Therefore 36 (3 3 (

RESUMO Os avanços globais em biotecnologia reprodutiva permitiram a transferência de embriões de fêmeas doadoras com alto mérito genético para receptoras, usando-se a técnica de criopreservação, que preserva um embrião de excelente qualidade e viabilidade, alcançando, assim, uma taxa de gravidez viável. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade e a viabilidade de embriões Holstein, criopreservados por mais de 40 anos, sob congelamento de glicerol. Os embriões foram transferidos para as novilhas receptoras, usando-se um método não cirúrgico. Duas novilhas Holstein de 17 meses de idade (360kg de peso vivo), que eram clinicamente saudáveis e reprodutivamente ativas, foram utilizadas como receptoras. Dois embriões bovinos de qualidade Grau 1 foram descongelados e avaliados quanto à sua morfologia. Das duas transferências embrionárias, uma gravidez foi obtida, resultando no nascimento de um bezerro. Portanto, os embriões congelados em nitrogênio líquido e glicerol como criopreservante por mais de 40 anos mantiveram sua qualidade e viabilidade para produzir um bezerro vivo. receptoras usandose usando se criopreservação alcançando assim viável 4 cirúrgico 360kg kg vivo, vivo , vivo) ativas morfologia embrionárias obtida Portanto

ABSTRACT Background: Since 2011, the coasts of North America, Mexico, and the Caribbean have experienced an unusual increase in the arrival of Sargassum. As a consequence of this massive accumulations of Sargassum holopelagic species in Caribbean Sea have been generated and that threaten local biodiversity and trigger economic losses associated with beach deterioration and impact on fisheries and tourism. Goals: This document quantifies the occurrence of an excessive drift of Sargassum in two sites (Puerto Viejo and Punta Uva) of the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica, Limón province, in March-April of 2019. A macroalgae species checklist is presented from six sites (Punta Cahuita, Puerto Vargas, Puerto Viejo, Playa Chiquita, Punta Uva and Manzanillo) in the Caribbean. In addition, the Sargassum morphotypes are quantified for the study area. Methods: Transects (50 m) were located parallel to the shoreline and, in points previously estimated, a quadrat of 25 x 25 cm covered the entire Sargassum band width on the beach until the water line, by fliping the quadrats and collecting the biomass for as many quadrats were necessary for the band. Then, pelagic Sargassum biomass was weighted in every point, and the dry weight biomass was estimated. Three quadrats were collected by the transect method. Associated species were identified as well as Sargassum morphotypes in all sites. Results: Descriptions that illustrate the morphology of the three morphotypes of pelagic species. The putatively rare S. natans VIII dominated the dritf (65 % dry weight), followed by S. natans I (25% dry weight), and S. fluitans (10 % dry). Twenty eight species were identified from Chlorophyta (9), Ochrophyta (15), and Rhodophyta (4) Divisions. Conclusions: There were no significant differences between months (March-April) and sites (Puerto Viejo and Punta Uva) for the dritf biomass.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: Desde 2011, las costas de América del Norte, México y el Caribe han experimentado un aumento inusual en la llegada de Sargassum de arribazón. Como consecuencia, se han generado acumulaciones masivas de especies holopelágicas del género Sargassum en áreas costeras del Caribe que amenazan la biodiversidad local y desencadenan pérdidas económicas asociadas con el deterioro de las playas y el impacto en la pesca y el turismo. Objetivo: Se cuantifica la presencia de una deriva excesiva de Sargassum en dos sitios (Puerto Viejo y Punta Uva) de la costa caribeña de Costa Rica, provincia de Limón, en los meses de marzo y abril de 2019. Se presenta la lista de especies de macroalgas conspicuas asociadas al fenómeno en seis sitios (Punta Cahuita, Puerto Vargas, Puerto Viejo, Playa Chiquita, Punta Uva y Manzanillo) en el Caribe. Además, se cuantifican los morfotipos de Sargassum para el área de estudio. Métodos: Se ubicaron transectos (50 m) paralelos a la línea de costa y, en puntos previamente estimados, un cuadrante de 25 x 25 cm cubrió todo el ancho de banda de Sargassum en la playa hasta la línea de flotación, volteando los cuadrantes y recolectando la biomasa para tantos cuadrantes como fueron necesarios para la cubrir la zona arribada. Luego, se pesó la biomasa pelágica de Sargassum en cada punto, y se estimó la biomasa en peso seco. Se recolectaron tres cuadrantes mediante el método de transectos. Se identificaron especies asociadas, así como morfotipos de Sargassum en todos los sitios. Resultados: se presenta la morfología de los tres morfotipos de especies pelágicas. El supuestamente raro S. natans VIII dominó el arribo de algas (65% de peso seco), seguido por S. natans I (25% de peso seco), S. fluitans (10% de peso seco). Se identificaron 28 especies de las Divisiones: Chlorophyta (9), Ochrophyta (15) y Rhodophyta (4). Conclusiones: No existen diferencias significativas entre meses (marzo-abril) y sitios (Puerto Viejo y Punta Uva) para la biomasa arribada.

ABSTRACT Background: Bacteria of the genus Brucella yield the disease known as brucellosis (the most critical zoonosis in the world). Currently, 14 species are recognized, reported in marine mammals, amphibians, and commercial fish. In recent years, in the Eastern Basin, Brucella melitensis was detected in agricultural soil and the Crater Lakes’ water, so it was speculated whether B. melitensis could infect native ichthyofauna. Objective: Isolate and identify Brucella melitensis in the charal of La Preciosa Crater Lake (Poblana letholepis). Methods: The first isolation was carried out on agar-plate from soft tissues and identifying the microorganism through standard microbiological tests. Which was corroborated by PCR-PF, using reference strains, by amplifying the bp26 gene, specific for the genus Brucella. Results: B. melitensis was isolated in 66.66% of the samples studied n=60, the microbiological profiles were comparatively identical with the reference strains. The PCR test amplified the genus-specific gene bp26 with 1029 bp in 40% of the samples analyzed. Conclusions: The study generated the first isolation and identification report for Brucella melitensis in a native fish, which supports future studies to better understand this zoonotic disease and recognize the importance of native fauna in the transmission and permanence of brucellosis in natural aquatic environments.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: Las bacterias del género Brucella producen la enfermedad conocida como brucelosis (la zoonosis más importante del orbe). Actualmente se reconocen 14 especies, reportadas en mamíferos marinos, anfibios y peces comerciales, En los últimos años, en la Cuenca Oriental se detectó a Brucella melitensis en suelo agrícola y en el agua de los Lagos Cráter, por lo que se especulaba si B. melitensis tenía la capacidad de infectar a la ictiofauna nativa. Objetivo: Aislar e identificar a Brucella melitensis en el charal Poblana letholepis del Lago Cráter La Preciosa. Métodos: El primoaislamiento se realizó en placa-Agar a partir de tejidos blandos y la identificación del microorganismo a través de pruebas microbiológicas estándar. La identificación se corroboró por PCR-PF, utilizando cepas de referencia, mediante la amplificación el gen bp26, específico para el género Brucella. Resultados: Se aisló a B. melitensis en 66.66% de las muestras estudiadas n=60, los perfiles microbiológicos resultaron comparativamente idénticos con las cepas de referencia. La prueba por PCR amplificó el gen específico del género bp26 con 1029 pb en 40% de las muestras analizadas. Conclusiones: El estudio generó el primer reporte de aislamiento e identificación para B. melitensis en un pez nativo, el cual da soporte a futuros estudios para comprender mejor esta enfermedad zoonotica y reconocer la importancia de la fauna nativa en la transmisión y permanencia de la brucelosis en ambientes acuáticos naturales.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is the most frequent malignant tumor in men above 50 years of age. Cryoablation has fewer complications and adverse effects, as well as offering better quality of life than prostatectomy. Even though its advantages are well-known, there are currently no studies related to survival after the procedure. OBJECTIVE: To compare survival in patients that underwent radical prostatectomy versus cryoablation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, observational, and descriptive study was conducted that utilized the Integrated Hospital Administration System of PEMEX to review electronic case records, utilizing the “Reports” tab. Patients diagnosed with prostate cancer that had complete histopathologic studies and that underwent prostatectomy or cryoablation at the Hospital Central Sur de Alta Especialidad de PEMEX within the time frame of January 2005 and January 2016 were selected. The mortality analysis for independent groups was carried out using the ꭓ2 test and statistical significance was set at a p < 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 289 patient files were obtained and the mean age of the patients was 62 years. Seven (2.4%) patients in the radical prostatectomy group died and 6 (2.1%) patients in the cryoablation group died (p = 0.41). Of the patients that died, 7 had a prostate-specific antigen level above 1 ng/mL and 6 had a prostate-specific antigen level below 1 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS: There was no statistically significant difference in survival between patients that underwent radical prostatectomy versus cryoablation. Further studies that evaluate adverse effects, costs, and long-term disease control are needed to determine whether cryoablation is superior to radical prostatectomy.

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: El cáncer de próstata es el tumor maligno más frecuente en varones mayores de 50 años edad. La crioablación es una técnica que provoca menos complicaciones y efectos adversos, y mayor calidad de vida que la prostatectomía. Aunque sus ventajas son bien conocidas, por el momento no existen estudios relacionados con la supervivencia después del procedimiento. OBJETIVO: Comparar la supervivencia de pacientes con cáncer de próstata intervenidos mediante prostatectomía radical versus crioablación. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional y descriptivo, en el que se utilizó el Sistema Integral de Administración Hospitalaria de PEMEX para obtener los datos de los expedientes electrónicos en la pestaña de “Reportes”. Se seleccionaron los pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata, con reporte histopatológico completo, intervenidos mediante prostatectomía o crioablación, atendidos en el Hospital Central Sur de Alta Especialidad de PEMEX entre enero de 2005 y enero de 2016. Se utilizó la prueba de ꭓ2 para el análisis de mortalidad de grupos independientes. Se consideró estadísticamente significativo el valor de p < 0.05 RESULTADOS: Se registraron 289 expedientes. El promedio de edad fue de 62 años. Se reportaron 7 (2.4%) defunciones en el grupo de prostatectomía radical y 6 (2.1%) en el de crioablación (p = 0.41). De los pacientes fallecidos, 7 resultaron con concentración de antígeno prostático específico mayor de 1 ng/mL y 6 con concentración menor de 1 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONES: No existe diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la supervivencia de los pacientes intervenidos mediante prostatectomía radical versus crioablación. Se requieren estudios adicionales que evalúen los efectos adversos, costos de atención y control de la enfermedad a largo plazo para considerar que la crioablación es superior a la prostatectomía radical.