ABSTRACT Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) is the main pest of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. during the grain storage period. This study aimed to report the occurrence of a natural enemy associated with C. maculatus in cowpea, in the semiarid region of the Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. For this, cowpea samples were collected and placed in closed plastic containers, where they remained until the emergence of adult insects. From the infested samples, adults of C. maculatus and of the Dinarmus basalis (Rondani) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae: Pteromalinae) parasitoid emerged. This is the first report of D. basalis parasitizing C. maculatus in the semiarid region of the Rio Grande do Norte state.

RESUMO Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) é a principal praga de Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. durante o período de armazenamento dos grãos. Objetivou-se relatar a ocorrência de um inimigo natural associado a C. maculatus em feijão-caupi, na região semiárida do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Para isso, amostras de feijão-caupi foram coletadas e colocadas em recipientes plásticos fechados, onde permaneceram até a emergência dos insetos adultos. Das amostras infestadas, emergiram adultos de C. maculatus e do parasitoide Dinarmus basalis (Rondani) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae: Pteromalinae). Este é o primeiro relato de D. basalis parasitando C. maculatus na região semiárida do Rio Grande do Norte.

ABSTRACT: This work is the first record of Encarsia inaron (Walker, 1839) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitizing Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on soybeans in Brazil. Morphological and molecular characterizations are provided, in addition to verification of the presence of E. inaron in areas infested by whiteflies, indicating that the wasp can potentially be used in integrated management programs. Additionally to morphological verification, the molecular analysis allowed the identification of some degree of genetic variability in the genome of the parasitoid.

RESUMEN: Este es el primer registro de Encarsia inaron (Walker, 1839) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitando Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) en soja en Brasil. Se proporcionan caracterizaciones morfológicas y moleculares, además de la verificación de la presencia de E. inaron en áreas infestadas por mosca blanca, lo que indica que la avispa puede potencialmente ser utilizada en programas de manejo integrado. Además de la verificación morfológica, el análisis molecular permitió identificar algún grado de variabilidad genética en el genoma del parasitoide.

ABSTRACT The parasitism of Acanthoscelides macrophthalmus (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) by the parasitoid Horismenus abnormicaulis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is described for the first time. We harvested 90 Leucaena leucocephala (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae) fruit pods, in June 2019 on the campus of the Federal University of Lavras in the municipality of Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. We found 21 individuals of H. abnormicaulis and 334 of A. macrophthalmus. The presence of cephalic capsule of beetle's pupa and evidence of predation into seed pods from which the wasps emerged suggested H. abnormicaulis is a parasitoid of A. macrophthalmus. Horismenus abnormicaulis has been added to the list of A. macrophthalmus parasitoids, and its occurrence has been expanded to the state of Minas Gerais. This discovery expands our knowledge of H. abnormicaulis biology and distribution in Brazil, as well as the tri-trophic interaction, plant-herbivore-parasitoid in invasive plant systems.

Abstract Aim: To evaluate the intensity of training and official badminton matches (international championship) in junior elite players. Methods: Twelve elite players from the Brazilian junior national team (6 male and 6 female) were monitored during 19 training sessions and 50 official men's and women's single and double matches in the XXVII Pan-American Junior Games. Subjects underwent an incremental running step test to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and an individual relationship between heart rate (HR) and VO2max was established to estimate exercise intensity and oxygen uptake at official matches (OMs) and training sessions. HR was monitored during multi-shuttlecock (MS), technical-tactical (TT), and physical (PS) training methods, as well as during simulated matches (SMs) and OMs. Variables such as %HRmax, HR zones, %VO2max, and energy expenditure were also calculated. Results: OM was the most intense activity monitored for male and female athletes, followed by SM according to %HRmax (86.8 ± 4.1% and 84.4 ± 5.0% for female and male, respectively, in OM vs. 74.6 ± 2.3% and 75.0 ± 5.0% for female and male, respectively, in SM). OM mean energy expenditure was 10.7 ± 0.5 kcal.min-1 for females and 14.9 ± 4.6 kcal.min−1 for males. Conclusion: MS training has less physiological demand and OM presented higher intensity. SM, on the other hand, had the closest physiological demand to an OM.

Resumo Este trabalho objetivou demonstrar o papel da confiança e dos elementos que se vinculam a ela – contratos, instituições de suporte e reciprocidade – na decisão de cooperar no setor turístico de Parnaíba, Piauí, Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa, na qual foram entrevistados nove gestores de empresas do setor de hospedagem. Os dados foram analisados com o uso da técnica da Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados apontaram que existem várias redes de cooperação interorganizacional no local, que as relações são informais e se traduzem na indicação, troca de conhecimento/informação e ações de promoção. A contribuição deste trabalho está em demonstrar que a confiança está presente nas redes locais, mas a confiabilidade, entendida como um atributo individual, mostrou-se também relevante na decisão de cooperar. Além disso, comprova-se que instituições de suporte e reciprocidade aparecem como complementares à confiança, enquanto contratos substituem a confiança e são usados somente nas relações fora do território. Por fim, são apresentadas oito proposições de pesquisa, como resultado do estudo empírico, a serem testadas em estudos futuros.

Abstract This study aimed to demonstrate the role of trust and its linked elements – contracts, support institutions and reciprocity – in the decision-making to cooperate in the tourism sector of Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil. In this sense, an exploratory and qualitative approach was developed. For data collection, semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine managers of accommodation companies. Data were analyzed with the Content Analysis technique. Findings confirm the existence of several interorganizational cooperation networks in Parnaíba, that the relationships are informal and the cooperation is represented by service recommendation, knowledge/information exchange and promotional actions. The main contribution was to demonstrate the presence of trust within the local networks, but trustworthiness – an individual attribute – was also relevant in the decision to cooperate. In addition, support institutions and reciprocity emerge as complementary bases to trust, while contracts substitute trust and are used only in relationships outside the territory. In the end, eight research propositions are shown, as a result of the empirical study, to be tested on future investigations.

Resumen Este artículo intenta demostrar el papel de la confianza y de los elementos que se vinculan a ella – contratos, instituciones de apoyo y reciprocidad – en la decisión de cooperar en el sector turístico de Parnaíba, Piauí, Brasil. Así, se realizó una investigación exploratoria y cualitativa con nueve gestores de alojamientos turísticos locales. Los datos fueron analizados con la técnica del Análisis de Contenido. Los hallazgos mostraron que hay distintas redes de cooperación interorganizacional en Parnaíba, que las relaciones son informales y se traducen en la indicación, intercambio de conocimiento/información y acciones de promoción. La contribución principal fue demostrar que existe confianza en las redes locales, pero la confiabilidad, un atributo individual, también se presentó como relevante en la decisión de cooperar. Además, se comprueba que las instituciones de apoyo y la reciprocidada parecen como complementarias a la confianza, mientras que los contratos sustituyen a la confianza y se utilizan solamente en las relaciones fuera del territorio. Por último, se presentan ocho proposiciones de investigación, como resultado del estudio empírico, a ser probadas en trabajos futuros.

Abstract Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are important pests that affect the fruit-growing worldwide. In the northeastern Brazil, where a semiarid climate predominates and the production of tropical fruits for export is concentrated, some fruit flies, including Anastrepha spp. and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), are considered pests due to economic damage and quarantine restrictions. In several parts of the world, fruit fly population regulation is carried out with the support of hymenopteran parasitoids. In Brazil, some information exists about larval parasitoids of fruit flies, but little is known about pupal parasitoids of these tephritids, especially in Brazilian semiarid environments. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to know the pupal parasitoids associated with C. capitata in a semiarid environment in Brazil. The parasitoid survey was carried out in a semiarid region in the states of Rio do Norte and Ceará. To obtain the parasitoids, pupae (sentinels) of C. capitata from the laboratory, Applied Entomology Laboratory of Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, were exposed to natural parasitism in the field. Six parasitoid (Hymenoptera) species were obtained: Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani), Spalangia simplex Perkins, Spalangia gemina Boucek, Spalangia leiopleura Gibson, and Spalangia impunctata Howard (Pteromalidae); Trichopria anastrephae Lima (Diapriidae). These are the first records of pupal parasitoids associated with the fruit fly C. capitata in Brazil.

RESUMO: Pachira aquatica (Malvaceae), conhecida como munguba, é cultivada para arborização de muitas cidades brasileiras. No campus de Seropédica da UFRRJ, observou-se o desfolhamento de um espécime de Pachira aquatica, com a presença de larvas, pré-pupas e pupas de besouro da subfamília Hyperinae, que foram criadas em laboratório até a emergência dos adultos; esses insetos foram identificados como pertencentes à espécie Phelypera griseofasciata Capiomont (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Essas formas imaturas (n=86) foram novamente coletadas nesse mesmo espécime e criadas em laboratório para verificar a ocorrência de parasitismo. Foram obtidos 128 adultos de Jaliscoa nudipennis Bouček (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), responsáveis por 44,2% do parasitismo total. A razão sexual foi de 0,70, portanto, o maior número de descendentes foi de fêmeas. Observaram-se ainda os dimorfismos inter e intrasexuais em J. nudipennis quanto ao formato da cabeça e às características das asas. Este estudo trata-se do primeiro registro de ambas as espécies de insetos associadas a Pachira aquatica no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

ABSTRACT: Pachira aquatica (Malvaceae), known as munguba, is cultivated for afforestation of many Brazilian cities. In Seropédica campus of UFRRJ, it was observed the defoliation of one specimen of Pachira aquatica with presence of larvae, pre-pupae, and pupae of beetle of the subfamily Hyperinae, which were reared in laboratory until the emergence of the adults; these insects were identified as belonging to the species Phelypera griseofasciata Capiomont (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). These immature forms (n=86) were again collected in this same specimen and reared in laboratory to verify the occurrence of parasitism. It was obtained 128 adults of Jaliscoa nudipennis Bouček (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), responsible for 44.2% of total parasitism. The sex ratio was 0.70, so the highest number of offspring was of females. Intersexual and intrasexual dimorphisms were also observed in J. nudipennis regarding the shape of the head and characteristics of the wings. This study is the first record of both insect species associated with Pachira aquatica in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

ABSTRACT Aedes aegypti is one of the most important culicidae species for public health, since it transmits the viruses for yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya and zika. With the purpose of analyzing the effect of plant extracts on the oviposition of this vector in ovitraps, 100 ovitraps were set containing an attractive plant substrate and a pressed wooden palette vertically installed on the pot for female oviposition. The traps were randomly distributed in 10 neighborhoods of Crato, Ceará, Brazil. To determine the best extract, water from the supply network, distilled water, sewage and aqueous extracts of plant leaves from guava (Psidium guajava L.), papaya (Carica papaya L), cassava (Manihot esculenta Grantz), cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L., Moench) and grass hay (Cynodon nlemfluensis Vanderyst) were used. The substrates were prepared at the Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology at the Center of Agricultural Sciences and Biodiversity of the Federal University of Cariri (UFCA). Leaves were collected from the plants and crushed using a blender and then mixed with water at a concentration of 50 g of each substrate per liter of water. The material was stored for seven days in a dark room to facilitate the reactions and avoid the photoinactivation of active compounds. To determinate the best concentration, guava leaves were used subject to the same treatment of the first experiment, at concentrations of 0.5, 1; 5, 10, 25, 50, and 75 g of substrate per liter of water. Traps with sewage water showed the highest attractiveness for the oviposition of A. aegypti and the extract of guava leaves showed the highest percentage of egg attractiveness for the vector mosquito. These results can be useful to guide the adoption of new entomological surveillance and control methods of A. aegypti.

RESUMEN Aedes aegypti es una de las especies de culícidos más importantes para la salud pública, pues es transmisor de los virus de la fiebre amarilla, dengue, chikungunya y zika. Intentando analizar el efecto de extractos vegetales sobre la ovoposición de ese vector en trampas de ovoposición, fueron instaladas 100 trampas conteniendo en su interior sustrato atrayente de un vegetal y una paleta de madera prensada insertada en la posición vertical de la pared del vaso para que la hembra realice la postura. Las trampas fueron distribuidas, al azar, en 10 barrios de Crato-CE. Para determinar el mejor extracto fueron utilizadas agua de la red de suministro, agua destilada, desagüe y extractos acuosos de las hojas del guayabo (Psidium guajava L.), papayo (Carica papaya L.), mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), anacardo (Anacardium occidentale L.), sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L., Moench) y heno de la gramínea (Cynodon nlemfluemsis Vanderyst). Los sustratos fueron preparados en el Laboratorio de Entomología Agrícola, en el Centro de Ciencias Agrarias y de Biodiversidad (CCAB), de la Universidad Federal de Cariri (UFCA). Las hojas fueron extraídas de la planta y enseguida, trituradas en una licuadora y mezcladas con agua en concentración de 50 g de cada sustrato por litro de agua. El material pasó siete días en ambiente oscuro para facilitar las reacciones y evitar la foto inactivación de los ingredientes activos. Para determinar la mejor concentración fueron utilizadas hojas del guayabo sometidas a las mismas etapas del primer experimento, aplicadas en las concentraciones de 0,5; 1; 5; 10; 25; 50 y 75 g del sustrato por litro de agua. Trampas cebadas con agua de desagüe manifiestan mayor atractividad para la ovoposición del A. aegypti y el extracto de la hoja del guayabo presenta mayor porcentaje de atractividad de huevos del mosquito vector. Estos resultados pueden ser útiles para orientar la adopción de métodos de vigilancia entomológica con ovotrampas y control del A. aegypti.

This paper aims to analyse the main reasons for the occurrence of cooperation between SME in tourism as well as the criteria for partner selection, based on distinct theoretical approaches. Companies established in the main tourist destinations of a route located on the north coast of Brazilian northeast were investigated: Jericoacoara (CE), Parnaíba (PI) and Barreirinhas (MA). The qualitative study counted upon 27 in depth interviews with entrepreneurs selected based on their participation on cooperation in the Route. The analysis technique used was discourse analysis supported by Nvivo. The main findings reveal few family and friendship ties prior to the business partnership and also suggest that cooperation tends to occur between small groups of direct competitors in a destination. There is evidence that the reasons for cooperating vary accordingly to the cooperation actions, which are also diverse. Regarding the partner selection three are the main criteria: (i) service quality and similarity, (ii) good relationship, friendship and trust and (iii) past experiences and reputation. The data support the conclusion that the SME cooperative behavior cannot be explained exclusively by one theory, considering other elements such as individual interests, as well as collective matters, personal values and affective social ties.

Este artículo analiza las razones que explican la cooperación y la elección de socios entre las MPE de turismo en base a distintas perspectivas teóricas. Fueron seleccionadas empresas de los principales destinos turísticos de la Rota das Emoções en Brasil: Jericoacoara (CE), Parnaíba (PI) y Barreirinhas (MA). La metodología cualitativa se basó en entrevistas en profundidad a 27 empresarios destacados de la red de cooperación de la ruta. Se realizó un análisis del discurso con el soporte del Nvivo para tratar los datos. Los resultados sugieren que existen pocos lazos familiares y de amistad anteriores a las colaboraciones entre empresas y que la cooperación tiende a darse en pequeños grupos de competidores directos. Los datos revelan que las razones para cooperar varían de acuerdo con las acciones en cuestión, también diversificadas. En cuanto a la elección de los socios aparecen tres criterios principales: (i) calidad y compatibilidad entre los niveles del servicio de las empresas, (ii) buen relacionamiento, amistad y confianza y (iii) experiencias pasadas y reputación. Como conclusión es evidente que la cooperación entre las MPE no puede ser explicada por la afiliación exclusiva a una teoría, pues existe una combinación de razones instrumentales, colectivas y valorativas.

ABSTRACT First records of parasitoids attacking the Asian citrus psyllid in Ecuador. The objective of the current study was to investigate the presence of natural enemies of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) (the Asian citrus psyllid) in Ecuador. Incidence of parasitoid Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was assessed between November 2015 and March 2016, in Letamendi, Febres-Cordero and Tarqui, urban districts of Guayaquil. Highest incidence of parasitism occurred in those regions and seasons of the year with the highest temperatures commensurate with increase of citrus plant shoots. Similar to their host, these parasitoids appear to have established in Ecuador by accident, and were not the result of purposeful introduction. This fortuitous introduction is a potentially helpful tool in controlling the Asian citrus psyllid, and potentially Huanglongbing.

RESUMO O dimensionamento econômico ótimo de redes de distribuição de água tem sido objeto de estudo de diversos pesquisadores e projetistas, e representa uma relevante parte nas ações de saneamento básico. No entanto, até então, aborda-se somente o custo de implantação, considerando que o custo dos condutos é um dos elementos de maior peso no projeto. Assim, o problema resume-se a dimensionar os condutos tendo como objetivo atingir uma rede de menor custo e que satisfaça os pré-requisitos hidráulicos mínimos de dimensionamento. Isso conduz necessariamente à escolha de uma rede cuja combinação de condutos de menor diâmetro possível e que também seja capaz de satisfazer as restrições hidráulicas. Nossa abordagem, inédita até agora no Brasil, considera, adicionalmente, o custo de manutenção ao longo da vida útil da rede, tendo em vista que, se por um lado os condutos de maior diâmetro são mais caros, por outro lado, sofrem menos os efeitos da rugosidade e apresentam uma frequência menor de manutenção que os condutos de menor diâmetro, levando, assim, a uma rede que, ao longo da vida útil do projeto, apresenta um custo menor. Assim, obtém-se um equilíbrio entre o custo de implantação e o custo de manutenção da rede.

ABSTRACT The optimum economic sizing of a water distribution network has been focus of study for many researches and projectors, and represent a relevant part of sanitation programs. But, by now, the known works approaches only the implantation cost, considering that the pipes have biggest heavy in the project. So, the problem is reduced to sizing pipes which objective is reach a cheaper network and satisfying the minimum hydraulic prerequisites. This leads to the choice of a network with pipes of minor diameters since this choice satisfies the hydraulics restrictions. New in Brazil by now, our approach consider too the maintenance cost throughout life span of network. It because, if in one way the larger diameters are more expensive, in an other, it are more resistant to break and to rugosity effects. This leads to a network of minimum maintenance cost throughout its life span. Then, we reach the equilibrium between the implantation cost and the maintenance cost.

RESUMO: Esta nota é o primeiro registro de Syntomopus parisii De Santis 1976 e Leptomeraporus sp. (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) parasitando simultaneamente Melanagromyza sojae Zehntner, 1900 (Diptera, Agromyzidae) no Brasil. Os parasitoides Pteromalidae são inimigos naturais de moscas minadoras do caule, abrindo perspectivas para o controle biológico da mosca minadora do caule da soja.

ABSTRACT: This note is the first report of Syntomopus parisii De Santis 1976 and Leptomeraporus sp. (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) simultaneously parasitizing Melanagromyza sojae Zehntner, 1900 (Diptera, Agromyzidae) in Brazil. The Pteromalidae parasitoids are natural enemies of stem miner flies, opening perspectives for biological control of soybean stem miner fly.

RESUMO: O uso do parasitoide Neodusmetia sangwani para controlar a cochonilha-das-pastagens Antonina graminis é um dos melhores exemplos de controle biológico clássico no mundo. A situação não poderia ser diferente no Brasil, onde a praga foi introduzida e mantida sob controle após a liberação de seu inimigo natural. Nessa revisão são reunidas informações sobre o bem-sucedido uso de um inimigo natural nesse país. Serão apresentadas também notas sobre a descrição e biologia dos insetos envolvidos e procedimentos de multiplicação e liberação do parasitoide para o controle dessa cochonilha no Brasil.

ABSTRACT: The use of the parasitoid Neodusmetia sangwani to control the Rhodes grass mealybug Antonina graminis is one of the best examples of classical biological control in the world. The situation could not be different in Brazil, where the pest has also been introduced, and kept under control after the release of its natural enemy. In this review, it is united information with respect to the successful use of a natural enemy in this country. Notes about the description and biology of the insects involved and rearing and release procedures of the parasitoid for the Rhodes grass mealybug control in Brazil will also be presented.

RESUMO: As cochonilhas-farinhentas, dentre elas Planococcus citriRisso, 1813 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), são apontadas como responsáveis por ocasionar problemas fitossanitários na cultura da videira. Esta nota relata, pela primeira vez no Brasil, a ocorrência de um parasitoide no controle de P. citri. Para prospecção de inimigos naturais associados a P. citri, foram realizadas coletas de cachos de uvas infestados por essa cochonilha-farinhenta, semanalmente, durante o período de um mês, em áreas de produção de uvas finas de mesa, com infestação natural da praga, no município de Petrolina-PE. Coccidoxenoides perminutusGirault, 1915 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), foi a única espécie de inimigo natural obtida. A partir desse registro, pretende-se estudar o seu potencial de parasitismo, bem como as estratégias de uso desse agente de controle natural.

ABSTRACT: From those of the mealybug family, the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citriRisso, 1813 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is frequently held responsible for various diseases occurring in vineyards. This is a first time report in Brazil, on the occurrence of a parasitoid controlling P. citri. In our search for the natural enemies of P. citri, bunches of grapes with the vine were collected every week for one month, in those regions where table grapes were produced, like Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. In these samples, among the natural pest infestations Coccidoxenoides perminutusGirault, 1915 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was the only natural enemy species reported. In this research, we attempted to study the potential of parasitism as well as the strategies that this natural agent uses in pest control.

RESUMO Objetivo Nós avaliamos as alterações metabóblicas através da espectroscopia de fósforo por ressonância magnética (31P-MRS) em pacientes com esclerose mesial temporal (EMT) unilateral. Método 31P-MRS de 33 pacientes com EMT unilateral foram comparadas aos de 31 controles. Foram selecionados os voxels nas regiões insulonuclear anterior e posterior (RINA e RINP) e frontal (RF). Os valores relativos de fosfodiésteres – PDE, fosfomonoésteres- PME, fosfato inorgânico- Pi, fosfocreatina –PCr, adenosina trifosfato total [ATPt = γ- + a- + b-ATP] e as razões PCr/ATPt, PCr/γ-ATP, PCr/Pi e PME/PDE foram obtidas. Resultados Nós encontramos anormalidades em pacientes com EMT em comparação aos controles. Redução de Pi nas RINA bilateralmente, RINP ipsilateral e RF contralateral, redução de PCr/γ-ATP nas RINA e RINP ipsilaterais foram detectadas. Aumentos de ATPT na RINA contralateral e aumento de γ-ATP na RINP ipsilateral também foram encontradas. Conclusão Disfunção energética difusa foi encontrada em pacientes com EMT unilateral.

ABSTRACT Objective We evaluated extratemporal metabolic changes with phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) in patients with unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS). Method 31P-MRS of 33 patients with unilateral MTS was compared with 31 controls. The voxels were selected in the anterior, posterior insula-basal ganglia (AIBG, PIBG) and frontal lobes (FL). Relative values of phosphodiesters- PDE, phosphomonoesters-PME, inorganic phosphate - Pi, phosphocreatine- PCr, total adenosine triphosphate [ATPt = γ- + a- + b-ATP] and the ratios PCr/ATPt, PCr/γ-ATP, PCr/Pi and PME/PDE were obtained. Results We found energetic abnormalities in the MTS patients compared to the controls with Pi reduction bilaterally in the AIBG and ipsilaterally in the PIBG and the contralateral FL; there was also decreased PCr/γ-ATP in the ipsilateral AIBG and PIBG. Increased ATPT in the contralateral AIBG and increased γ-ATP in the ipsilateral PIBG were detected. Conclusion Widespread energy dysfunction was detected in patients with unilateral MTS.