Abstract Objectives: to analyze a correlation between self-efficacy and social support of mothers of preterms in early postpartum. Methods: cross-sectional study, carried out with 120 mothers of preterm infants from a Maternity School, from June to September 2018. Sociodemographic, reproductive and scales were used to assess the Maternal Self-Efficacy and Social Support. A descriptive analysis was carried out and the MannWhitney Test, Kruskal Wallis Test and Spearman correlation were applied. Results: there was a positive correlation between self-efficacy, parity (p=0.017), years of schooling (p=0.017) and Social Support (p=0.002). An unexpected finding was a high self-efficacy among mothers up to eight years of schooling, in the countryside of the State and with low income. Conclusion: social support, in all dimensions: material, affective, emotional, information and social interaction, proven to be a predictor of maternal self-efficacy.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar a correlação entre autoeficácia materna e apoio social de mães de recémnascidos prematuros no período de pós-parto precoce. Métodos: estudo transversal, realizado junto a 120 mães de prematuros de uma Maternidade Escola, no período de junho a dezembro de 2018. Utilizaram-se dados sociodemográficos, reprodutivos e escalas para Avaliação da Autoeficácia Materna e Apoio Social. Procedeu-se a análise descritiva e aplicaram-se os testes de Teste Mann-Whitney, Teste de Kruskal Wallis e correlação de Spearman. Resultados: evidenciou-se correlação positiva entre autoeficácia, paridade (p=0,017), anos de estudo (p=0,017) e Apoio Social (p=0,002). Um achado inesperado foi a alta autoeficácia entre mães com até oito anos de estudo, do interior do estado e de baixa renda. Conclusão: o apoio social, em todas as dimensões: material, afetivo, emocional, de informação e interação social, mostrou-se preditor da autoeficácia materna.

ABSTRACT. Environmental and production factors might affect grapevine physiology. Estimating these effects is essential for planning the harvest and predicting the quality of grapes. The aim of this study was to characterize the quality and antioxidant potential of ‘BRS Cora’ grapes with different training systems and rootstocks in production cycles of the second half of the year under tropical conditions. The experimental design was randomized blocks with sub-subdivided plots over time. Three training systems and two rootstocks were studied in production cycles referring to the second halves of 2017 and 2018. In 2017, the grapes of plants trained with lyre and vertical shoot positioning (VSP) had the highest soluble solids and sugars contents, and in 2018, this response occurred with the overhead trellis system. There was lower variation in titratable acidity between cycles of grapevines trained with VSP and lyre, as well as in those grafted onto ‘IAC 572’. In 2018, lyre with ‘IAC 572’ promoted higher pigment accumulation. Climatic conditions in 2017 provided a higher accumulation of polyphenols and antioxidant activity in grapes of plants trained with lyre with ‘IAC 766’. The efficiency of the training system within each cycle, associated with the effect of the rootstock, resulted in differentiated responses according to climatic conditions.

ABSTRACT The quality and phenolic compound composition might be affected by production system due to microclimate around the bunches and sunlight interception provided by vegetative canopy architecture and environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to characterize the quality and antioxidant potential of ‘BRS Cora’ grapes with different trellis systems and rootstocks in rainy seasons under tropical conditions. Three trellis systems and two rootstocks were studied in production cycles during the first halves of 2017 and 2018, using a randomized-block experimental design. Interactions between the trellis systems,rootstocks and cycles differentially affect the fruit quality. The association between vertical shoot positioning or an overhead trellis with ‘IAC 766’ induced higher polyphenol compound contents. In turn, the trellis systems overhead trellis and lyre provided greater stability for the berry weight, soluble solids, total soluble sugar contents, yellow flavonoids, total extractable polyphenol compounds or antioxidant activity in both production cycles. The results of this study inferred that the grape quality and phenolic compound composition were not only affected by some specific climatic factors but also by the trellis system, rootstock, and the interaction between the three factors.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi detectar DNA de Toxoplasma gondii em ostras (Crassostrea spp.) comercializadas em sete praias do Estado do Pará, Brasil. De acordo com o Programa Nacional de Controle Higiênico Sanitário de Moluscos Bivalves, 100 g da parte comestível dos moluscos são necessários para a análise de microrganismos contaminantes. Neste estudo, 12 ostras foram consideradas equivalentes a 100 g de partes comestíveis na preparação de cada amostra agrupada. No total, 360 ostras foram compradas de 30 vendedores. De grupos de 12 ostras adquiridas por vendedor, foram obtidas 60 amostras agrupadas, compreendendo 30 tecidos branquiais e 30 tratos gastrointestinais. Para a análise molecular, a nested PCR foi realizada para amplificar um produto de 155 pares de bases do gene B1 de T. gondii. Todas as amostras analisadas foram negativas para T. gondii. Os resultados indicam que as amostras de ostras comercializadas em praias do Estado do Pará não foram contaminadas por T. gondii.

Abstract The aim of this study was to detect Toxoplasma gondii DNA in oysters (Crassostrea spp.) sold on seven beaches in the State of Pará, Brazil. According to the National Program for Hygiene and Sanitary Control of Bivalve Mollusks, 100 g of the edible part of mollusks is required to analyze contaminating microorganisms. In this study, 12 oysters were assumed to be equivalent to 100 g of edible parts when preparing each pooled sample. In total, 360 oysters were purchased from 30 vendors. From groups of 12 oysters purchased per vendor, 60 pooled samples were obtained, comprising 30 gill tissues and 30 gastrointestinal tracts. For molecular analysis, nested-PCR was conducted to amplify a 155-base-pair product of the B1 gene from T. gondii. All analyzed samples were negative for T. gondii. Our findings indicate that the oyster samples sold on the beaches in the State of Pará were not contaminated by T. gondii.

Abstract The increasing use of natural biodegradable polymers to preserve foods is a consequence of the concern of society with sustainability. Starch stands out amongst the natural polymers due to its great availability on a worldwide scale, high extraction yield and nutritional value, low cost, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Apart from the traditional sources, various others exist with extraction potential. The objective of this study was to identify films from different non-traditional starch sources with properties revealing their potential to be applied as coating for fruits and vegetables. The biodegradable films were prepared with three starch concentrations (2, 3 and 3.5%) for each of the following sources: cassava, yam, jackfruit seed and mango kernel. The starches from the sources studied are promising ingredients for the formulation of films, presenting good physical, optical (such as transparency) and mechanical characteristics, principally tensile strength whose maximum value was 36.63 MPa. Increases in starch concentration directly influenced the thickness, water vapor permeability, tensile strength and puncture force. The films with the greatest potentials for use according to their characteristics were 3% cassava, 3% yam, 3.5% jackfruit seed and 2% mango.

ABSTRACT: The biosynthesis of phenolic compounds might be influenced by environmental factors, such as solar radiation, temperature and relative air humidity, and production system. Some components of the production system, particularly the trellis system and rootstock, might change the phenolic composition of grapes due to microclimate of the cultivation region. In this study, the phenolic profile of ‘Chenin Blanc’ grapes was characterized with different trellis systems and rootstocks in two consecutive production cycles by using high-performance liquid chromatography under tropical semi-arid conditions. In the second production cycle (Jan-May/2016), accumulation of (-) - epicatechin gallate and (-) - epigallocatechin gallate was higher when vigorous rootstocks were trellised to the lyre system, whereas the lyre system associated to rootstock ‘SO4’ resulted in higher rutin accumulation in the same cycle. There was little influence of the factors studied on trans-resveratrol and piceatannol accumulation. However, a higher accumulation of piceatannol was observed in the second productive cycle compared to cis-resveratrol and trans-resveratrol. This study highlights that accumulation of phenolic compounds is influenced not only by environmental factors typical of the production year season, but also by the trellis system and rootstock adopted. The identification of phenolic compounds in the accumulation stimulated by the combination of trellis system, rootstock, and production season allows to differentiate grape quality and add value to products derived from such combination in a tropical semi-arid region.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association between vulnerabilities to Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs/HIV/AIDS) of adolescents in poverty and their level of resilience. Method: Cross-sectional study with 287 students between 11 and 17 years old in a school in the outskirts of Fortaleza-Ce. The study was conducted from August to October 2016. Three instruments related to characterization, vulnerability to STIs/HIV/AIDS and resilience were used. The association between the instruments was calculated using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Association between vulnerability to STIs/HIV/AIDS and resilience was assessed through the Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: There was a significant association between the factors “housing” (p=0.022), “family income” (p=0.037) and vulnerability to STIs/HIV/AIDS. Adolescents whose father has completed high school (p=0.043) have moderately high resilience. Conclusion: Adolescents with low socioeconomic status and who live on less than a minimum wage tends to be more susceptible to vulnerabilities to STIs/HIV/AIDS and to have low resilience.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la vulnerabilidad a las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS/VIH/SIDA) de los adolescentes en situación de pobreza y su nivel de resistencia. Método: Se trata de un estudio transversal realizado entre 287 escolares de 11 a 17 años en el suburbio de Fortaleza, Ceará entre agosto y octubre de 2016. Se utilizaron tres instrumentos relacionados con la caracterización, vulnerabilidad y resistencia a ITS/VIH/SIDA. La asociación entre los instrumentos se realizó con las pruebas de Mann-Whitney y de KrusKal-Wallis y la vulnerabilidad a ITS/VIH/SIDA y la Resistencia a través del coeficiente de correlación de Spearman, considerándose estadísticamente significativo p<0,05. Resultados: Hubo una asociación significativa relacionada con la “vivienda” (p=0,022), el “ingreso familiar” (p=0,037) y la vulnerabilidad a las ITS/VIH/SIDA. Los adolescentes cuyo padre terminó la escuela secundaria (p=0,043) tienen una resistencia moderadamente alta. Conclusión: Los adolescentes de nivel socioeconómico bajo, que viven con menos de un sueldo mínimo, tienden a ser más susceptibles a las vulnerabilidades de las ITS/VIH/SIDA y su resistencia es baja.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre as vulnerabilidades às Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST/HIV/aids) de adolescentes em situação de pobreza e seu nível de resiliência. Método: Estudo transversal, com 287 escolares de 11 a 17 anos, na periferia de Fortaleza-Ce, entre agosto/outubro de 2016. Utilizaram-se três instrumentos relacionados a caracterização, vulnerabilidade às IST/HIV/aids e resiliência. A associação entre os instrumentos foi realizada através dos testes de Mann-Whitney e de KrusKal-Wallis, e a vulnerabilidade às IST/HIV/aids e a Resiliência através do coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, considerado estatisticamente significante p<0,05. Resultados: Houve associação significativa relacionada a “moradia” (p=0,022), “renda familiar” (p=0,037) e vulnerabilidade às IST/HIV/aids. Os adolescentes cujo pai possui ensino médio completo (p=0,043) possuem uma resiliência moderadamente alta. Conclusão: Adolescentes com baixos níveis socioeconômicos, que vivem com menos de um salário mínimo, tendem a ser mais suscetíveis às vulnerabilidades às IST/HIV/aids e a ter baixa resiliência.

RESUMO Inhame, mandioca, semente de jaca e amêndoa da manga têm potencial para extração de amido e utilização na indústria alimentícia ou para formulação de revestimentos biodegradáveis. Como revestimento, o amido pode ser aplicado em frutas de maturação rápida, como manga, que requer tecnologias para incrementar sua vida útil. O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar o amido de fontes não tradicionais e avaliar o potencial como revestimento em manga ‘Palmer’. Os amidos foram extraídos de mandioca, amêndoa de manga, semente de jaca e inhame, tendo sido caracterizados para propriedades físicas, ópticas e químicas, para posterior uso como revestimentos em manga ‘Palmer’. Os revestimentos utilizados foram amido de mandioca a 3%; de semente de jaca a 3,5%; de amêndoa de manga a 3,5% e de inhame a 3,5%, que foram comparados ao controle (sem revestimento). Os frutos foram armazenados a 24,4 ± 0,3 °C e 87 ± 2% de UR e avaliados por até 12 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 5x7. O teor de amido total foi superior a 70% nas quatro fontes. Os amidos de semente de jaca e de inhame apresentaram maior teor de amilose. Os amidos das quatro fontes apresentaram baixa solubilidade em água e poder de inchamento, destacando-se o de semente de jaca. Os revestimentos mantiveram a qualidade dos frutos, destacando-se o amido de amêndoa de manga por reduzir a respiração e a perda de massa em 27,7% e 33,8%, respectivamente, bem como o da semente de jaca que também atrasou o amarelecimento da casca.

ABSTRACT Yam, cassava, jackfruit seed and mango seed kernel have potential for the extraction and use as starch in the food industry of starch or for the formulation of biodegradable coatings. As a biodegradable coating, starch can be applied in fruits characterized by a fast maturation, such as mango, which requires technologies to increase its shelf life. The aim of this study was to characterize starch from four non-traditional sources and to evaluate their potential as coating for ‘Palmer’ mango fruit. Starches used were extracted from cassava, mango seed kernel, jackfruit seed, and yam, and had their physical, optical, and chemical properties characterized for later use as coatings of ‘Palmer’ mango fruit. Fruits were coated with 3% cassava starch, 3.5% jackfruit seed starch, 3.5% mango seed kernel starch and 3.5% yam starch, and were compared to the control (uncoated). They were then stored at 24.4 ± 0.3 °C and 87 ± 2% RH and evaluated for 12 days. A 5x7 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized experimental design was adopted. Total starch content was higher than 70% in the four sources of starch. Starches from jackfruit and yam had higher amylose content. The four sources of starch had low water solubility and swelling power, with jackfruit seed starch having the highest values. The coating sources were effective in maintaining quality, particularly mango seed kernel starch because it reduced respiratory rate and weight loss in 27.7% and 33.8%, respectively, as well as jackfruit seed starch as it delayed fruit skin yellowing.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre as vulnerabilidades às Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST/HIV/aids) de adolescentes em situação de pobreza e seu nível de resiliência. Método: Estudo transversal, com 287 escolares de 11 a 17 anos, na periferia de Fortaleza-Ce, entre agosto/outubro de 2016. Utilizaram-se três instrumentos relacionados a caracterização, vulnerabilidade às IST/HIV/aids e resiliência. A associação entre os instrumentos foi realizada através dos testes de Mann-Whitney e de KrusKal-Wallis, e a vulnerabilidade às IST/HIV/aids e a Resiliência através do coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, considerado estatisticamente significante p<0,05. Resultados: Houve associação significativa relacionada a “moradia” (p=0,022), “renda familiar” (p=0,037) e vulnerabilidade às IST/HIV/aids. Os adolescentes cujo pai possui ensino médio completo (p=0,043) possuem uma resiliência moderadamente alta. Conclusão: Adolescentes com baixos níveis socioeconômicos, que vivem com menos de um salário mínimo, tendem a ser mais suscetíveis às vulnerabilidades às IST/HIV/aids e a ter baixa resiliência.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association between vulnerabilities to Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs/HIV/AIDS) of adolescents in poverty and their level of resilience. Method: Cross-sectional study with 287 students between 11 and 17 years old in a school in the outskirts of Fortaleza-Ce. The study was conducted from August to October 2016. Three instruments related to characterization, vulnerability to STIs/HIV/AIDS and resilience were used. The association between the instruments was calculated using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Association between vulnerability to STIs/HIV/AIDS and resilience was assessed through the Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: There was a significant association between the factors “housing” (p=0.022), “family income” (p=0.037) and vulnerability to STIs/HIV/AIDS. Adolescents whose father has completed high school (p=0.043) have moderately high resilience. Conclusion: Adolescents with low socioeconomic status and who live on less than a minimum wage tends to be more susceptible to vulnerabilities to STIs/HIV/AIDS and to have low resilience.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la vulnerabilidad a las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS/VIH/SIDA) de los adolescentes en situación de pobreza y su nivel de resistencia. Método: Se trata de un estudio transversal realizado entre 287 escolares de 11 a 17 años en el suburbio de Fortaleza, Ceará entre agosto y octubre de 2016. Se utilizaron tres instrumentos relacionados con la caracterización, vulnerabilidad y resistencia a ITS/VIH/SIDA. La asociación entre los instrumentos se realizó con las pruebas de Mann-Whitney y de KrusKal-Wallis y la vulnerabilidad a ITS/VIH/SIDA y la Resistencia a través del coeficiente de correlación de Spearman, considerándose estadísticamente significativo p<0,05. Resultados: Hubo una asociación significativa relacionada con la “vivienda” (p=0,022), el “ingreso familiar” (p=0,037) y la vulnerabilidad a las ITS/VIH/SIDA. Los adolescentes cuyo padre terminó la escuela secundaria (p=0,043) tienen una resistencia moderadamente alta. Conclusión: Los adolescentes de nivel socioeconómico bajo, que viven con menos de un sueldo mínimo, tienden a ser más susceptibles a las vulnerabilidades de las ITS/VIH/SIDA y su resistencia es baja.

RESUMO O Submédio do Vale do São Francisco é reconhecido pela particularidade das condições de produção de uvas para diferentes usos. A produção de uvas para suco nesta região é relativamente recente. Por isso, o conhecimento acerca dos componentes do sistema produtivo ainda é limitado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a qualidade e a atividade antioxidante da uva ‘BRS Magna’ sob influência de sistemas de condução e porta-enxertos, em ciclos produtivos do primeiro semestre do ano, em cultivo irrigado no Submédio do Vale do São Francisco. O experimento foi conduzido no Campo Experimental de Bebedouro/Embrapa Semiárido, em Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brasil. Foram estudados os sistemas de condução latada, lira e espaldeira e os porta-enxertos ‘IAC 572’ e ‘IAC 766’, nos ciclos produtivos correspondentes ao primeiro semestre dos anos de 2017 e 2018. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso em parcelas subsubdivididas no tempo com quatro repetições. No geral, as respostas foram dependentes do sistema de condução, porta-enxerto e ciclo de produção, que determinaram características específicas às uvas. A produção no primeiro semestre de 2018 caracterizou-se por elevados teores de antocianinas e de polifenóis extraíveis totais e atividade antioxidante superior, sendo as respostas diferenciadas conforme o sistema de condução e o porta-enxerto. Plantas conduzidas em latada e enxertadas sobre ‘IAC 572’ tiveram maior acúmulo de polifenóis extraíveis totais e atividade antioxidante nas bagas. Sob espaldeira, foram observados incrementos nos teores de açúcares, flavonoides amarelos e antocianinas das bagas enquanto o sistema lira promoveu maior massa dos cachos.

ABSTRACT The Submedium São Francisco Valley is renowned for its particular conditions for cultivating grapes for different uses. The production of grapes for juice is relatively recent, and thus, knowledge is still limited on components of the production system. The aim of this study was to characterize the quality and antioxidant activity of ‘BRS Magna’ grapes in irrigated crops of the Submedium São Francisco River Valley under the influence of training systems and rootstocks, in production cycles of the first half of the year. The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Field of Bebedouro/Embrapa Semiárido, in Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. The following were studied: overhead trellis, lyre, and vertical shoot positioning (VSP) systems and rootstocks ‘IAC 572’ and ‘IAC 766’, in the production cycles corresponding to the first halves of 2017 and 2018. Experimental design was in randomized blocks, with sub-subplots through time and four replicates. Overall, responses depended on training systems, rootstocks, and production cycles, which determined specific traits of the grapes. Production in the first half of 2018 was characterized by high anthocyanin contents, high total extractable polyphenols, and higher antioxidant activity, and responses were differentiated according to training system and rootstock. Plants trained to overhead trellis and grafted on ‘IAC 572’ had higher accumulation of total extractable polyphenols and antioxidant activity in berries. Plants trained to VSP had increased sugar, yellow flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents in berries while lyre training system led to higher bunch mass.