Abstract This study evaluated the survival probabilities of two lithia-based glass-ceramics after final crystallization in a microwave furnace using conventional crystallization as a reference. Disc-shaped samples of a lithium silicate (LS, Celtra Duo) and a lithium disilicate (LD, e.max CAD) were prepared and divided into two groups according to the crystallization method (n = 30): microwave (M) or conventional furnaces (C). The biaxial flexural strength test was used to determine the fatigue test profile and its parameters. Then, specimens were submitted to an accelerated life test (step stress) using three profile levels – mild, moderate, and aggressive – varying the load increments and the number of cycles until fracture (4 Hz). Survival data were used to calculate Weibull’s beta (β) value and reliability of the assigned missions. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to analyze surface morphology, fracture characteristics, and failure patterns. Beta (β) values for the LS-C, LS-M, LD-C, and LD-M groups were 2.65, 0.25, 0.62, and 0.3, respectively. Similar reliability was observed in all groups after 50,000 cycles at 100 and 150 Mpa. At 200 Mpa, the crystallization method did not affect the reliability within LS or LD. However, LD showed greater reliability than LS when crystallized by microwave energy. Thus, microwave energy can be suggested as an alternative to the process of conventional lithia-based glass-ceramics crystallization without damaging their survival probabilities. lithiabased lithia based glassceramics glass ceramics reference Discshaped Disc shaped LS, (LS Duo LD, (LD emax e max CAD n 30 30) M (M C. C . (C) parameters Then step stress mild moderate 4 ( Hz. Hz Hz) Weibulls Weibull s β (β missions morphology characteristics patterns LSC, LSC C, LS-C LSM, LSM M, LS-M LDC, LDC LD-C LDM 265 2 65 2.65 025 0 25 0.25 062 62 0.62 03 3 0.3 respectively 50000 50 000 50,00 10 15 Mpa 20 However Thus (C 26 6 2.6 02 0.2 06 0.6 0. 5000 5 00 50,0 1 2. 500 50,

Resumo: Objetivo: Neste estudo pretendemos comparar o tempo cirúrgico total e o tempo de internação hospitalar entre a discectomia lombar endoscópica interlaminar (DLEI) e discectomia lombar endoscópica transforaminal (DLET). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional retrospectivo, no qual coletamos dados de prontuários de um único centro, de março de 2022 a fevereiro de 2023, de pacientes submetidos à discectomia endoscópica lombar uniportal. Foram coletados os seguintes dados: idade, sexo, abordagem endoscópica, tempo de internação, tempo cirúrgico total e níveis cirúrgicos. Os dados foram aplicados a um teste não paramétrico, teste U de Mann-Whitney. Um erro tipo I de até 5% foi aceito como diferença estatisticamente significativa. Resultados: Do total de 107 pacientes (49 homens e 58 mulheres), o tempo mediano de internação hospitalar foi de 19 horas. O nível cirúrgico mais comum foi L5-S1 e a abordagem endoscópica interlaminar uniportal foi realizada em 87,85% dos casos. Foi observada diferença estatística significativa no tempo cirúrgico total quando comparamos a abordagem interlaminar com a abordagem transforaminal quando todos os níveis (L2-L3 a L5-S1) são considerados juntos na análise. Em última análise, não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa no tempo de internação quando comparamos a abordagem interlaminar com a abordagem transforaminal. Conclusões: O estudo mostrou diferença estatisticamente significativa no tempo cirúrgico total, mostrando menor tempo operatório para a abordagem interlaminar. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa no tempo de internação. Nível de Evidência IV; Estudo Retrospectivo Comparativo. Resumo Objetivo DLEI (DLEI DLET. DLET . (DLET) Métodos Tratase Trata se retrospectivo centro 202 2023 idade sexo cirúrgicos paramétrico MannWhitney. MannWhitney Mann Whitney. Whitney Mann-Whitney 5 Resultados 10 49 (4 mulheres, mulheres , mulheres) 1 horas L5S1 LS L5 S1 L S L5-S 8785 87 85 87,85 casos L2L3 LL L2 L3 (L2-L análise Conclusões IV Comparativo (DLET 20 4 ( L5S 878 8 87,8 L2L 2 87,

ABSTRACT Objective: In this study, we aim to compare total surgical time and length of hospital stay for the interlaminar endoscopic lumbar discectomy (IELD) and transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD). Methods: This is a retrospective observational study in which we collected data from one center’s medical records, from March 2022 to February 2023, of patients who underwent uniportal endoscopic lumbar discectomies. The following data were collected: age, gender, endoscopic approach, length of stay, total surgical time, and surgical levels. The data were applied to a nonparametric test, the Mann-Whitney U test. A type I error of up to 5% was accepted as a statistically significant difference. Results: From the total of 107 patients (49 males and 58 females), the median duration of hospital stay was 19 hours. The most common surgical level was L5-S1, and the interlaminar uniportal endoscopic approach was performed in 87.85% of the cases. A significant statistical difference was observed in the total surgical time when comparing the interlaminar approach with the transforaminal approach when all levels (L2-L3 to L5-S1) are considered together in the analysis. Ultimately, no statistically significant difference was observed in the length of stay when comparing the interlaminar approach with the transforaminal approach. Conclusion: The study showed a statistically significant difference in total surgical time, showing shorter operative time for the interlaminar approach. There was no statistically significant difference in the duration of hospital stay. Level of Evidence lV; Comparative Retrospective Study. Objective IELD (IELD TELD. TELD . (TELD) Methods centers center s records 202 2023 discectomies age gender test MannWhitney Mann Whitney 5 Results 10 49 (4 females, females , females) 1 hours L5S1, L5S1 LS L5 S1, S1 L S L5-S1 8785 87 85 87.85 cases L2L3 LL L2 L3 (L2-L analysis Ultimately Conclusion lV Study (TELD 20 4 ( L5S L5-S 878 8 87.8 L2L 2 87.

Resumen: Objetivo: En este estudio nuestro objetivo es comparar el tiempo quirúrgico total y la duración de la estancia hospitalaria de la discectomía lumbar endoscópica interlaminar (DLEI) y la discectomía lumbar endoscópica transforaminal (DLET). Métodos: Se trata de un estudio observacional retrospectivo, en el que se recogieron datos de las historias clínicas de un centro, desde marzo de 2022 hasta febrero de 2023, de pacientes sometidos a discectomías lumbares endoscópicas uniportales. Se recogieron los siguientes datos: edad, sexo, abordaje endoscópico, estancia hospitalaria, tiempo quirúrgico total y niveles quirúrgicos. Los datos se aplicaron a una prueba no paramétrica, la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Se aceptó como diferencia estadísticamente significativa un error tipo I de hasta el 5%. Resultados: Del total de 107 pacientes (49 hombres y 58 mujeres) la mediana de duración de la estancia hospitalaria fue de 19 horas. El nivel quirúrgico más frecuente fue L5-S1 y el abordaje endoscópico uniportal interlaminar se realizó en el 87,85% de los casos. Se observó una diferencia estadística significativa en el Study conducted by the Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP, Dr. Ovídio Pires de tiempo quirúrgico total al comparar el abordaje interlaminar con el abordaje transforaminal cuando todos los niveles (L2-L3 a L5-S1) se consideran juntos en el análisis. Al final, no se observó ninguna diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la duración de la estancia hospitalaria al comparar el abordaje interlaminar con el abordaje transforaminal. Conclusiones: El estudio mostró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el tiempo quirúrgico total, mostrando un tiempo operatorio más corto para el abordaje interlaminar. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la duración de la estancia hospitalaria. Nivel de Evidencia IV; Estudio Retrospectivo Comparativo. Resumen Objetivo DLEI (DLEI DLET. DLET . (DLET) Métodos retrospectivo centro 202 2023 uniportales edad sexo quirúrgicos paramétrica MannWhitney. MannWhitney Mann Whitney. Whitney Mann-Whitney 5 5% Resultados 10 49 (4 mujeres 1 horas L5S1 LS L5 S1 L S L5-S 8785 87 85 87,85 casos USP Dr L2L3 LL L2 L3 (L2-L análisis final Conclusiones IV Comparativo (DLET 20 4 ( L5S 878 8 87,8 L2L 2 87,

Abstract To evaluate the polymerization shrinkage stress and cuspal strain (CS) generated in an artificial (typodont) and in a natural tooth using different resin composites. Twenty artificial and 20 extracted natural molars were selected. Each tooth was prepared with a 4x4 mm MOD cavity. The natural and typodont teeth were divided into four experimental groups (n=10), according to the resin composite used: Filtek Z100 (3M Oral Care) and Beautifil II LS (Shofu Dental). The cavities were filled using two horizontal increments and the CS (µS) was measured by the strain gauge method. Samples were sectioned into stick-shaped specimens and the bond strength (BS) (MPa) was evaluated using a microtensile BS test. Shrinkage stress and CS were analyzed using 3D finite element analysis. No difference was found between the type of teeth for the CS as shown by the pooled averages: Natural tooth: 541.2 A; Typodont model: 591.4 A. Filtek Z100 CS values were higher than those obtained for Beautifil II LS, regardless of the type of teeth. No statistical difference was found for the BS data. Adhesive failures were more prevalent (79.9%). High shrinkage stress values were observed for Filtek Z100 resin, regardless of tooth type. The CS of typodont teeth showed a shrinkage stress effect, generated during restoration, equivalent to that of natural teeth. (CS (typodont composites 2 selected x 4x cavity n=10, n10 n n=10 , 10 (n=10) used Z Z10 3M M Care Shofu Dental. Dental . Dental) µS (µS method stickshaped stick shaped (BS MPa (MPa test D analysis averages 5412 541 541. A model 5914 591 4 591. data 79.9%. 799 79.9% 79 9 (79.9%) effect restoration n1 n=1 1 (n=10 Z1 54 59 79.9 7 (79.9% n= (n=1 5 79. (79.9 (n= (79. (n (79 (7 (

ABSTRACT Enteropatogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and shigatoxigenic E. coli (STEC), are generally poultry and poultry product isolate and can cause serious human infections. Many strains may become resistant to various antimicrobials, which can hinder the treatment of bacterial diseases. Organic farming seeks to avoid the selection and frequency of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This study aims to verify the resistance of EPEC and STEC from organic and conventional (industrial) broiler isolates to antimicrobials. All isolates were submitted to disk diffusion test with tetracycline, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, ceftriaxone and amoxicillin + clavulanate (TET, GEN, ENO, CTX, AMC) and PCR to detect specific virulence genes for EPEC and STEC. A total of 297 E. coli strains were isolated, 213 from conventional. In organic broiler, 84 strains were isolated. The strains from the conventional broiler isolates were resistant to five antimicrobials tested: TET 48.82% (104/213), ENO 28.17% (60/213), CTX 15.49% (33/213), GEN 14.55% (31/213), and AMC 7.04% (15/213), and 9.86% (21/213) were considered multidrug-resistant. Organic chicken strains were resistant to four of the antimicrobials tested: TET 35.7% (30/84), ENO 9.5% (8/84), CTX 2.4% (2/84), GEN 4.8% (4/84). Of the strains from the organic broiler chicken isolates, only 1.2% (1/84) was considered multidrug-resistant. No EPEC and STEC were found in the organic chicken samples. The multidrug resistance was characterized in 9.52% (2/21) of the EPEC and 4.76% (1/21) of the STEC. The study demonstrated the absence of EPEC and STEC strains in organic broilers and carcasses and a lower frequency of multiresistant strains compared to conventional breeding. (EPEC E STEC, , (STEC) infections diseases antimicrobialresistant antimicrobial bacteria industrial (industrial tetracycline gentamicin enrofloxacin TET, (TET 29 isolated 21 8 tested 4882 48 82 48.82 104/213, 104213 104/213 104 (104/213) 2817 28 17 28.17 60/213, 60213 60/213 60 (60/213) 1549 15 49 15.49 33/213, 33213 33/213 33 (33/213) 1455 14 55 14.55 31/213, 31213 31/213 31 (31/213) 704 7 04 7.04 15/213, 15213 15/213 (15/213) 986 9 86 9.86 21/213 21213 (21/213 multidrugresistant. multidrugresistant resistant. multidrug-resistant 357 35 35.7 30/84, 3084 30/84 30 (30/84) 95 5 9.5 8/84, 884 8/84 (8/84) 24 2 4 2.4 2/84, 284 2/84 (2/84) 4.8 4/84. 484 4/84 . (4/84) 12 1 1.2 1/84 184 (1/84 samples 952 52 9.52 2/21 221 (2/21 476 76 4.76 1/21 121 (1/21 breeding (STEC 488 48.8 10421 104/21 10 (104/213 281 28.1 6021 60/21 6 (60/213 154 15.4 3321 33/21 3 (33/213 145 14.5 3121 31/21 (31/213 70 0 7.0 1521 15/21 (15/213 98 9.8 21/21 2121 (21/21 35. 308 30/8 (30/84 9. 88 8/8 (8/84 2. 2/8 (2/84 4. 4/8 (4/84 1. 1/8 18 (1/8 2/2 22 (2/2 47 4.7 1/2 (1/2 48. 1042 104/2 (104/21 28. 602 60/2 (60/21 15. 332 33/2 (33/21 14. 312 31/2 (31/21 7. 152 15/2 (15/21 21/2 212 (21/2 30/ (30/8 8/ (8/8 2/ (2/8 4/ (4/8 1/ (1/ (2/ 104/ (104/2 60/ (60/2 33/ (33/2 31/ (31/2 15/ (15/2 21/ (21/ (30/ (8/ (4/ (1 (2 (104/ (60/ (33/ (31/ (15/ (21 (30 (8 (4 ( (104 (60 (33 (31 (15 (3 (10 (6

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze oral health actions in four municipalities in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic according to a theoretical framework model on oral healthcare management. It was a qualitative study carried out in two stages. A theoretical-empirical model on the significance of oral healthcare management was developed, following the Grounded Theory method. Fourteen dentists and five healthcare managers participated, through open interview. Subsequently, collaborative research was performed, and the model was applied to analyze the documents produced to address the pandemic by each of four municipalities in Santa Catarina State. The model provided a framework for analyzing actions for coping with the pandemic regarding oral health services. Actions were identified in all dimensions of the model: reduction in supply of dental care due to restricted access to elective services; search for biosafety care standards; dissemination of standardized science-based guidelines; attempt to maintain comprehensive dental assistance through re-adaptation of specialized services and collective actions; and relocation of oral health professionals to assist in other sectors. The oral health care management framework can serve as a reference for redesigning oral health actions and services in other municipalities during the COVID-19 pandemic, in a broader perspective.

RESUMO Analisar as ações de saúde bucal em quatro municípios brasileiros durante a pandemia de COVID-19, segundo um modelo de referencial teórico sobre gestão da atenção à saúde bucal. Estudo qualitativo realizado em dois momentos. Foi desenvolvido um modelo teórico-empírico sobre o significado da gestão do cuidado em saúde bucal, seguindo o método da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Participaram 14 dentistas e cinco gestores de saúde, por meio de entrevista aberta. Posteriormente, no segundo momento, foi realizada uma pesquisa colaborativa, e o modelo foi aplicado para analisar os documentos produzidos em cada município para o enfrentamento local da pandemia, em quatro municípios do Estado de Santa Catarina, sul do Brasil. O modelo forneceu uma estrutura para analisar as ações de enfrentamento da pandemia nos serviços de saúde bucal. Foram identificadas ações em todas as dimensões do modelo: redução da oferta de atendimento odontológico devido à restrição de acesso aos serviços eletivos; a busca por padrões de assistência à biossegurança; disseminação de diretrizes padronizadas e com base científica; a tentativa de manter a assistência odontológica integral por meio da readaptação de serviços especializados e ações coletivas; e realocação de profissionais de saúde bucal para atendimento em outros setores. O referencial de gestão da atenção à saúde bucal pode servir de referência para redesenhar as ações e serviços de saúde bucal em outros municípios em período de pandemia de COVID-19, em uma perspectiva mais ampla.

Abstract The weakfishes, Cynoscion guatucupa and C. jamaicensis, are important demersal fishery resources and are targeted by multifleet operations in the Southwest Atlantic. This study describes the length-weight relationships between sagittae otoliths (length-OL, height-OH, thickness-OT, and weight-OWT) and the sizes of the fish (total length-LT, standard length-LS, and total weight-WT). The proportion between otolith length and height (aspect ratio-OAR) was also compared between species. The samples were obtained monthly from March 2017 to February 2018 from small-scale commercial fisheries from landings of bottom trawls and gillnets on the continental shelf in the Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern coast of Brazil. The ANCOVA did not indicate significant diferences in relative growth between sexes for both species (p > 0.05) while the length frequency was diferent (p < 0.001). Cynoscion guatucupa showed positive allometry, WT = 4E-06LT3.21 and C. jamaicensis negative allometry, WT = 2E-05LT2.90 (p < 0.05). Both species showed diferences in the condition factor between the sexes (p < 0.05). Significant diferences were observed in the measurements of the otoliths between the two species (p < 0.001). All regressions between fish measurements and otolith morphometry were highly significant (p < 0.001) for both species. The best estimates of fish size and weight were related to the otolith length: OL vs LT (r2 = 0.93; 0.96); OL vs LS (r2 = 0.92; 0.96); OL vs WT (r2 = 0.91; 0.93) for C. guatucupa and C. jamaicensis, respectively. This information adds useful biological data for multiple types of studies, e.g., food ecology (prey-predator), age and growth, reproduction, fisheries assessment and long-term landing monitoring. Our results confrmed the historical pattern of relative growth, supporting that otolith growth reflects the somatic growth of weakfishes in the study area, reinforcing the importance to determine these reference points.

Abstract This study evaluated the optical method for measuring free total shrinkage using a Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR) camera. Eight composites were evaluated, conventional, bulk fill and low-shrinkage: Z100 (3M Oral Care), Gradia Direct Anterior (GC corporation), Spectra Smart (Dentsply), Filtek Z350 XT (3M Oral Care), Aura Bulk Fill (SDI), Vittra APS (FGM), Opus Bulk Fill APS (FGM), and Beautifil II LS (Shofu Inc.). The samples (6 mm diameter and 1.5 mm thick, n = 10) were placed on a polyvinylsiloxane impression material. An image of the uncured sample was captured using a DSLR camera with 105 mm macro lens and a ring flash. Samples were light cured with a 700 mW/cm2 LED light-cure unit for 40s. Post-polymerization images were captured at 2, 10 and 60 min. Projected circumferential areas of the specimens were drawn using the ImageJ software. Volumetric total shrinkage was calculated from the ratio of the areas obtained from pre- and post-curing. Results were analyzed using One-way ANOVA (α = 0.05) and Tukey test. Volumetric total shrinkage values were significantly different among the composite materials (p < .001). The volumetric shrinkage (%) mean and results of Tukey test at 60 min were: Z100: 3.45±0.30 (A); Gradia Direct Anterior: 3.00 ± 0.23 (B); Spectra Smart 2.89 ± 0.35 (B); Filtek Z350 XT: 2.65 ± 0.37 (BC); Aura Bulk Fill: 2.42 ± 0.25 (CD); Vittra APS: 2.14 ± 0.35 (DE); Opus Bulk Fill APS: 1.91 ± 0.24 (E); Beautifil II LS: 1.18 ± 0.16 (F). The optical method using a DSLR camera, was suitable for total shrinkage evaluation and will allow assessment of total shrinkage without the need for specialized equipment.

Abstract Aims: This study investigated environmental and personal factors that explain functional skills and caregiver assistance in young infants/toddlers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving seventy-four children with typical development between 6 and 18 months of age. Functioning skills were evaluated using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory, and the home environment was evaluated using the Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development-Infant Scale. Statistical analyses were performed by regression models. Results: Child’s age explained 45% of self-care (β = 0.68); child’s age (β = 0.72), attending daycare (β = 0.33) explained 71% of mobility, and child’s age (β = 0.80) and breastfeeding duration (β = 0.17) explained 69% of social function. With regards to caregiver assistance, child’s age (β = 0.46), attending daycare (β = 0.20) and number of siblings (β = -0.22) explained 31% of self-care; child’s age (β = 0.62) and attending daycare (β = 0.34) explained 56% of mobility; and child’s age (β = 1.91) and total AHEMD-IS score (environment) (β = 2.63) explained 30% of social function. Conclusion: Daycare, breastfeeding duration, number of siblings, stimulation at home, and age explained functional skills and caregiver assistance to toddlers/infants.

Corona virus disease (COVID-19) presents a serious threat to global health. A historical timeline of early molecular diagnostics from government alert (January 22) (D) was presented. After in silico analysis, Brazilian Army Institute of Biology (IBEx-RJ) tested samples in house using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (fast mode) based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations. First cases from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, IBEx, and diagnosis team were reported in D36, D44, D66, and D74 respectively. Therefore, after 1300 tests, we recommend N1/N2 primer sets (CDC) for preliminary and Charité protocol confirmation in case of positive results. Moreover, every professional should be tested before starting work, in addition to weekly tests for everyone involved.

Introdução e Objetivos: Apesar do uso crescente de métodos não invasivos para a avaliação da fibrose hepática e da esteatose, ainda não está claro o efeito do jejum e da ingestão alimentar na determinação destes parâmetros. Os nossos objetivos foram avaliar o efeito da ingestão de alimentos sobre a rigidez hepática (LS) (medida por elastografia transitória) e o parâmetro de atenuação controlada (CAP) em doentes com diferentes graus de doença hepática e voluntários saudáveis e, secundariamente, avaliar possíveis fatores associados às variações de LS e CAP. Métodos: Realizámos um estudo prospetivo, num único centro, incluindo doentes com doença hepática crónica e voluntários saudáveis. A LS e o CAP foram determinados com a utilização de FibroScan®, antes (jejum ≥8 h) e 30 minutos após a ingestão de um pequeno-almoço padronizado. Foram usados pontos de corte comuns para a elastografia: > 7 kPa para fibrose significativa (F2 a F4) e > 11-14 kPa (média 12.5 kPa) para cirrose. Resultados: Cinquenta e nove (72%) doentes com doença hepática crónica e 22 (28%) voluntários saudáveis foram incluídos. A LS aumentou significativamente 30 minutos após a ingestão de alimentos (pré-refeição 6.1 kPa [IQR: 4.7-9.8] versus após a refeição 6.8 kPa [IQR: 5.5-10.6], p < 0.001). Essa diferença foi significativa em doentes com doença hepática crónica (p = 0.02) mas não nos voluntários saudáveis (p = 0.106). Os valores da CAP não variaram significativamente após a ingestão de alimentos. O género, o IMC, a massa de gordura corporal, a massa corporal magra e a percentagem de gordura corporal não se associaram a variações significativas dos valores de LS e CAP após a ingestão da refeição. Conclusões: Verificaram-se variações significativas da LS após a ingestão de uma refeição padrão, o que pode ter consequências na avaliação dos doentes. Os valores da CAP não foram significativamente afetados pela ingestão de alimentos. Por isso, consideramos que perante a avaliação isolada de CAP não é necessário a realização de qualquer período de jejum.

Background and Aims: Despite the increasing use of noninvasive methods for the assessment of liver fibrosis and steatosis, the effect of fasting and food intake on these parameters is not yet clear. Our aims were to evaluate the effect of food intake on liver stiffness (LS) (measured by transient elastography) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) in patients with different degrees of liver disease and healthyvolunteers, and secondarily, to assess possible factors associated with variations of LS and CAP. Methods: We performed a prospective single-center study including patients with liver disease and healthy volunteers. LS and CAP were evaluated using FibroScan® (Echosens, Paris, France), before (fasting ≥8 h) and 30 min after intake of a standardized breakfast. We used common cutoffs for LS: > 7 kPa for significant fibrosis (F2 to F4) and > 11 to 14 kPa (mean 12.5 kPa) for cirrhosis. Results: Fifty-nine (72%) patients with liver disease and 22 (28%) healthy volunteers were included. LS significantly increased 30 min after food intake (pre-meal 6.1 kPa [IQR: 4.7-9.8] vs. after-meal 6.8 kPa [IQR: 5.5-10.6]; p < 0.001). This difference was only significant in patients with chronic liver disease (p = 0.02) and not in healthy volunteers (p = 0.106). CAP values did not increase significantly after food intake. Gender, body mass index, mass of body fat, lean body mass, and percent of body fat were not related with significant variations of LS and CAP values after meal intake. Conclusions: Significant variations of LS were observed after ingestion of a standard meal, which may have consequences for patient management. CAP values were not significantly affected by food intake. Therefore, we consider that before the isolated evaluation of CAP, it is not necessary to perform any fasting period.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a capacidade combinatória de linhagens de pimentão, identificar combinações híbridas superiores quanto à produtividade e qualidade de frutos e inferir sobre os modos de ação gênica envolvidos na expressão dos caracteres agronômicos de importância econômica. Para isso, cinco linhagens de pimentão do Projeto Melhoramento Genético de Solanáceas Para Sistema de Cultivo, da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco foram cruzadas, em um esquema dialélico parcial, com dois híbridos simples: Atlantis (ATL) e Valdor (VAL), utilizados como testadores. As linhagens, bem como os híbridos utilizados, foram escolhidas em função de apresentarem características morfológicas divergentes, tais como: formato, comprimento e diâmetro do fruto, espessura da polpa e produtividade. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, vinte tratamentos, constituídos pelas cinco linhagens, dois testadores, dez híbridos experimentais e três híbridos comerciais como testemunhas, os quais foram analisados através do método 2 do modelo I de Griffing, adaptado por Geraldi & Miranda Filho (1988). Detectou-se suficiente variabilidade genética a ser explorada nos componentes do dialelo para a maioria dos caracteres; os efeitos aditivos e não-aditivos foram importantes e significativos, mostrando o desempenho dos genótipos e sua contribuição para a produção de híbridos superiores, as linhagens L1B, L6 e L7 e o testador Valdor destacaram-se como bons combinadores por apresentarem maior capacidade geral de combinação para a maioria dos caracteres agronômicos; o híbrido triplo L1B x VAL destacou-se pelo melhor desempenho, com as melhores capacidades específicas de combinação.

A total of 1,728 pigs were transported to slaughter using two double-decked trucks, one featuring a hydraulic deck (HD) to load and unload the upper level and the other presenting a fixed upper deck (FD) only accessible by a ramp. The aim of the research was to evaluate the effects of the loading and unloading system of the truck on behaviour, blood parameters (cortisol, lactate and creatine kinase [CK]), skin lesions and meat quality traits. The use of HD resulted in easier and faster loading (P < 0.05 for both) compared with the FD. Blood cortisol levels were influenced by the loading/unloading system, with lower (P < 0.05) levels being found in pigs using HD transport when compared to those using FD transport. Truck type had no effect on the incidence of skin lesions and pork quality in this study (P > 0.05). It can be concluded that the use of the truck model featuring the upper hydraulic deck should be recommended to ease of handling at loading improving animal welfare and reducing the work load of handlers.

El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar los efectos del sistema de carga y descarga de camiones de dos pisos en el comportamiento, parámetros fisiológicos (cortisol, lactato, creatina quinasa [CK], lesiones en la piel y la calidad de carne de los cerdos). Para ello, 1.728 cerdos fueron transportados a una planta faenadora de carnes utilizando dos camiones de dos pisos con diferentes sistemas, uno con piso hidráulico (HD) para el carga y descarga desde la planta superior, y otro con piso superior fijo (FD), accesible solo por medio de rampas de carga y descarga. El uso de HD resultó en una mayor facilidad y un menor tiempo de carga (P < 0,05 para ambos) en comparación con el FD. Los niveles de cortisol de los cerdos fueron influenciados por el sistema de carga y descarga, encontrándose los niveles más bajos (P < 0,05) en los cerdos transportados con HD en comparación con con FD. El modelo del camión no afectó la incidencia de lesiones de la piel y la calidad de la carne de los cerdos en este estudio (P > 0,05). Por tanto, se puede concluir que el uso de modelos de camiones equipados con piso hidráulico puede ser recomendado para aumentar la facilidad de manipulación de los cerdos durante la carga, y por consiguiente, reducir la mano de obra de los trabajadores y mejorar el bienestar animal.

No Brasil é encontrada ampla variabilidade de pimentas do gênero Capsicum sendo a Amazônia um importante centro de diversidade. Informações a respeito da diversidade em coleção de germoplasma servem, entre outros objetivos, para dar suporte aos programas de melhoramento de espécies cultivadas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos caracterizar morfologicamente e estimar a diversidade genética entre 40 acessos de pimentas coletadas no Amazonas, pertencentes à coleção da Universidade Federal do Amazonas. Foram utilizados descritores morfológicos recomendados pelo IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Resources Institute) para o gênero Capsicum e análise sensorial para pungência e aroma. Utilizando 17 descritores, identificados como essenciais, foi calculada a similaridade genética entre os acessos por meio do coeficiente de similaridade geral de Gower. Para o agrupamento dos acessos foi utilizado o método hierárquico das médias das distâncias UPGMA (Unweighted Pair-Group Method Using an Arithmetic Average) e a representação gráfica da similaridade entre eles feita pelo método de Análise de Coordenadas Principais (PCO). Três espécies foram identificadas, sendo 35 de C. chinense um de C. baccatum e quatro acessos de C. frutescens. Houve variabilidade fenotípica principalmente nas características de frutos que mostraram diferenças quanto ao tamanho, formato, coloração e pungência. Foram identificadas duas pimenteiras do morfotipo murupi, duas dedo de moça, quatro malagueta, sete olho de peixe, 13 pimentas de cheiro e 12 pimentas curabiá. As análises de agrupamento e dispersão gráfica foram concordantes em agrupar os acessos com pequena distância genética. Os acessos estudados apresentaram ampla variabilidade entre e dentro das espécies identificadas.

In Brazil wide variability is found in peppers of Capsicum genus and the Amazon region is an important center of diversity. Information about the diversity in collection is useful, among other aspects, to increase the efficiency of breeding studies of cultivated species. The present study aimed to characterize the morphology and estimate the genetic diversity of 40 Capsicum accessions from Universidade Federal do Amazonas germplasm collection. Morphological descriptors recommended by IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Resources Institute), for the Capsicum and sensory analysis for pungency and flavor were used to characterize the accessions. Seventeen descriptors, identified as essentials, were used to calculate the genetic similarity among accessions, considering the general similarity coefficient of Gower. The hierarchical method of the average of the distances UPGMA (Unweighted Pair-Group Method using an Arithmetic Average) and PCO (Principal Coordinates Analysis) were used to cluster the accessions. Three species were found comprising 35 accessions of C. chinense, one of C. baccatum and four C. frutescens. Phenotypic variation among accessions was observed mainly on fruit characteristics that showed differences in size, shape, color and pungency. Several chilli peppers morphotypes were identified: two accessions of murupi; two lady's finger; four from "malagueta"; seven from fisheye; 13 from smell pepper, and 12 curabiá. Cluster and dispersion graph analysis were concordant in clustering accessions with small genetic distance. The collection presents a wide variation among accessions.