Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum.) is an Amazonian fruit rich in antioxidants potential due to its phenolic compounds. Its seeds produce cupulate, a chocolate-like product, and the residue remains rich in biocompounds. This study aimed to optimize and compare microwave-assisted (MAE) and high pressure/temperature extraction (HPTE) of polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds from cupuaçu seed by-products. A Box-Behnken 33 factorial design assessed the influence of extraction time, solid/liquid ratio, and ethanol concentration. Responses included total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, and anti-radical power via the ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) method. In optimum conditions, MAE had the highest total polyphenol content and HPTE for flavonoids. Optimal conditions for both methods were 65% (m/v) ethanol concentration, 45 min extraction time, and 0.03 g mL−1 solid/liquid ratio. MAE and HPTE achieved greater recovery of (−)-epicatechin and (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate compared to percolation. Both techniques proved viable for recovering polyphenols from cupuaçu seed by-products, in less time and with less solvent. Thus, cupuaçu by-products can be a sustainable and functional food source, with MAE and HPTE providing high yields and quality extracts rich in polyphenols. Theobroma Schum. Schum cupulate chocolatelike chocolate like product biocompounds microwaveassisted microwave assisted (MAE pressuretemperature pressure temperature (HPTE byproducts. byproducts by products. products BoxBehnken Box Behnken 3 solidliquid solid liquid ratio concentration antiradical anti radical 2,2azinobis3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulphonic 22azinobis3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulphonic azinobisethylbenzothiazolinesulphonic 2,2 azino bis ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulphonic 2 acid method flavonoids 65 m/v mv m v (m/v 4 003 0 03 0.0 mL1 mL 1 mL− −epicatechin epicatechin − −epigallocatechin3gallate epigallocatechin3gallate epigallocatechingallate epigallocatechin gallate percolation byproducts, products, solvent Thus source 2azinobis3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulphonic azinobis 22 2, 00 0.

Iron is an important ion that regulates many metabolic functions in the human body, and its deficiency or overload can cause serious health problems. In view of this, the development of tools that can quantify iron in aqueous media is quite valuable. A new material based on a metal-organic framework (MOF) and a calixarene derivative (CALIX), here named CALIX@UiO-66-NH2, was successfully prepared and used as a luminescent sensor for iron ions in a water matrix containing various metal ions. The post-synthetic modification was demonstrated to be efficient on the MOF (UiO-66-NH2) modification, leading to a hybrid platform. The effect of the combination of both components (MOF and CALIX) led to a platform more sensitive to iron detection than the independent compounds. The CALIX@UiO-66-NH2 sensor shows a linear response toward Fe3+ ions with satisfactory linearity (R2 = 0.994) within the concentration range of 6.74 × 10−6−1.72 × 10−5 mol L−1. The limit of detection was determined to be as low as 1.6 mg L−1. The data demonstrate that CALIX@UiO-66-NH2 is an excellent probe for detecting Fe3+, as confirmed by almost complete fluorescence suppression. body problems this valuable metalorganic organic CALIX, CALIX , (CALIX) CALIX@UiO66NH2, CALIXUiO66NH2 CALIXUiONH CALIX@UiO 66 NH2, UiO NH2 NH postsynthetic post synthetic UiO66NH2 UiONH (UiO-66-NH2 compounds CALIX@UiO66NH2 CALIX@UiO-66-NH Fe3 Fe R2 R (R 0.994 0994 0 994 674 6 74 6.7 106172 10 1 72 10−6−1.7 105 5 10− L1 L L−1 16 1. suppression (CALIX CALIXUiO CALIXUiO66NH UiO66NH (UiO-66-NH CALIX@UiO66NH 0.99 099 99 67 7 6. 10617 10−6−1. L− 0.9 09 9 1061 10−6−1 0. 106 10−6− 10−6

Bredemeyera Willd. is a genus of the Polygalaceae family, occurring in Brazil. This research aims to evaluate the phytochemical and antifungal potential, in vitro and in silico, of Bredemeyera brevifolia extracts. The identification of fatty acids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and their quantification by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector showed that palmitic (36.55 mg g−1), margaric (3.66 mg g−1), linolelaidic (108.82 mg g−1), oleic (7.86 mg g−1), stearic (41.11 mg g−1), dihomo-γ-linolenic (85.48 mg g−1), and arachidic (209.00 mg g−1) acids are present in the hexane extract. From the chloroform extract, 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone was isolated and identified. The minimum inhibitory concentration assay with methanolic extract demonstrated antifungal activity against species of the genus Candida, Sporothrix, and Trichophyton for up to 96 h, with values ranging from 64-1024 μg mL−1. The in silico study with the chemical compounds of this species showed fungal inhibition potential of sterol-14-α-demethylase, highlighting 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone, which presented an affinity energy of -8.8 kcal mol−1, greater than that observed for fluconazole (−8.3 kcal mol−1). The fatty acids interacted with the active site of the enzyme but presented energies ≥ −7.4 kcal mol−1. Compounds isolated from this species have pharmacokinetic potential for the development of pharmaceutical formulations. Willd family Brazil extracts chromatographymass chromatography mass chromatographyflame flame 36.55 3655 36 55 (36.5 g−1, g1 g g−1 , 1 3.66 366 3 66 (3.6 108.82 10882 108 82 (108.8 7.86 786 7 86 (7.8 41.11 4111 41 11 (41.1 dihomoγlinolenic dihomo γ linolenic 85.48 8548 85 48 (85.4 209.00 20900 209 00 (209.0 1hydroxy3,7dimethoxyxanthone 1hydroxy37dimethoxyxanthone hydroxydimethoxyxanthone hydroxy 3,7 dimethoxyxanthone identified Candida Sporothrix 9 h 641024 64 1024 64-102 mL1 mL mL−1 sterol14αdemethylase, sterol14αdemethylase sterolαdemethylase sterol 14 α demethylase, demethylase sterol-14-α-demethylase 1hydroxy3,7dimethoxyxanthone, dimethoxyxanthone, 8.8 88 8 -8. mol1 mol mol−1 −8.3 83 (−8. . mol−1) 74 4 −7. formulations 36.5 365 5 (36. g− 3.6 6 (3. 108.8 1088 10 (108. 7.8 78 (7. 41.1 411 (41. 85.4 854 (85. 209.0 2090 20 0 (209. 1hydroxy3 7dimethoxyxanthone 37 3, 64102 102 64-10 mL− αdemethylase 8. -8 mol− −8. (−8 −7 36. (36 3. (3 108. (108 7. (7 41. (41 85. (85 209. 2 (209 1hydroxy 6410 64-1 - −8 (− − ( (10 (4 (8 (20 641 64- (1 (2

ABSTRACT Combining refrigeration with packaging is a commonly used technique for fruits intended for export. Thus, the objective of this study was to adapt the post-harvest management of biofortified sweet potato cultivars, using packaging and refrigeration, focused on reaching distant export markets while maintaining the commercial quality. Sweet potatoes of the cultivars BRS-Amélia and Beauregard were selected after harvesting, washed, and packaged. The experimental design used was completely randomized, in a 4 × 7 factorial arrangement consisted of 4 treatments (cultivar BRS-Amélia with and without packaging; and cultivar Beauregard with and without packaging) and 7 evaluations under storage conditions: at 0, 7, 14 (under refrigeration at approximately 8 °C), 17, 20, 23, and 26 days (under room temperature conditions at approximately 25 °C). Each experimental unit contained 500 g of tubbers. The results showed that the refrigerated storage combined with packaging extended the shelf life of the evaluated sweet potatoes: 17 days for BRS-Amélia and 26 days for the cultivar Beauregard. The BRS-Amélia cultivar maintained higher firmness, soluble solids and carbohydrate contents, chroma, and antioxidant activity (FRAP method), and total phenolic contents, in both raw and cooked tissues. The cultivar Beauregard presented less dehydration and greater stability in vitamin C, total phenolic, total carotenoid, soluble carbohydrate, and starch contents in raw and cooked potatoes. Therefore, the combination of packaging and refrigeration preserved the commercial quality of biofortified sweet potatoes for export markets. Thus postharvest post harvest BRSAmélia BRS Amélia harvesting washed packaged randomized 0 1 °C, C °C , °C) 20 23 2 °C. . 50 tubbers firmness chroma FRAP method, method method) tissues carotenoid Therefore 5

RESUMO Combinar refrigeração com embalagem é uma técnica comumente utilizada para frutas destinadas à exportação. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi adequar o manejo pós-colheita de cultivares de batata-doce biofortificadas, utilizando embalagem e refrigeração, com foco em atingir mercados de exportação distantes e mantendo a qualidade comercial. As batatas-doces das cultivares BRS-Amélia e Beauregard foram selecionadas após a colheita, lavadas e embaladas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 4 × 7 composto por 4 tratamentos (cultivar BRS-Amélia com e sem embalagem; e cultivar Beauregard com e sem embalagem) e 7 avaliações nas condições de armazenamento: aos 0, 7, 14 (sob refrigeração a aproximadamente 8 °C), 17, 20, 23 e 26 dias (sob condições de temperatura ambiente a aproximadamente 25 °C). Cada unidade experimental continha 500 g de tubérculos. Os resultados mostraram que o armazenamento refrigerado aliado à embalagem prolongou a vida útil da batata-doce avaliada: 17 dias para BRS-Amélia e 26 dias para a cultivar Beauregard. A cultivar BRS-Amélia manteve maior firmeza, solúveis sólidos e teor de carboidratos, croma e atividade antioxidante (método FRAP) e teor de fenólicos totais, tanto nos tecidos crus quanto cozidos. A cultivar Beauregard apresentou menor desidratação e maior estabilidade nos teores de vitamina C, fenólicos totais, carotenóides totais, carboidratos solúveis e amido em batatas cruas e cozidas. Portanto, a combinação de embalagem e refrigeração preservou a qualidade comercial da batata-doce biofortificada para os mercados de exportação. Assim póscolheita pós colheita batatadoce batata doce biofortificadas batatasdoces doces BRSAmélia BRS Amélia embaladas casualizado 0 1 sob °C, C °C , °C) 20 2 °C. . 50 tubérculos avaliada firmeza método FRAP totais cozidos cozidas Portanto 5

Abstract Background In view of the high prevalence of hypertension and the importance of adequate drug therapy in the prevention of complications, it is necessary to know the adherence to drug treatment in this population. Objective To verify adherence to antihypertensive drug treatment in Brazilian patients with hypertension using the Morisky-Green Test (MGT), relating it with demographic data. Methods Prospective, observational, multicenter, national registry study, with 2,578 hypertensive patients participating in study I, the Brazilian Cardiovascular Registry of Arterial Hypertension (I-RBH), recruited in the five regions of Brazil. The analyses carried out on the data were descriptive statistics, qui-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression, adopting 5% as the significance level for the tests. Results The research shows that 56.13% of patients in the sample were female; 56.71% were elderly (≥ 65 years); 55.86% were White; 52.37% were from the Southeast Region; and 59.74% were non-adherent. Logistic regression showed an independent relationship between patients’ age, ethnicity, and region with medication adherence. Conclusion Adherence to treatment is the key to reducing high rates of cardiovascular complications. The study brings a successful outcome in the relationship between the factors ethnicity, age, and region of patients with hypertension and medication adherence. To this end, it is necessary to understand these factors, considering systematic evaluation in the care of patients with hypertension and other chronic non-communicable diseases. This study is a significant contribution to multidisciplinary teams, as it highlights which risk factors interfere with medication adherence, incorporating better strategies in health education. complications population MoriskyGreen Morisky Green MGT, MGT , (MGT) Prospective observational multicenter 2578 2 578 2,57 I IRBH, IRBH RBH (I-RBH) Brazil statistics quisquare qui square tests ANOVA 5 5613 56 13 56.13 female 5671 71 56.71 ≥ ( 6 years years) 5586 55 86 55.86 White 5237 52 37 52.37 Region 5974 59 74 59.74 nonadherent. nonadherent non adherent. adherent non-adherent age ethnicity end noncommunicable communicable diseases teams education (MGT 257 57 2,5 (I-RBH 561 1 56.1 567 7 56.7 558 8 55.8 523 3 52.3 597 59.7 25 2, 56. 55. 52. 59.

Modified flavonoids of the sub-group of pterocarpans, 5-carba-pterocarpans, 5-carbapterocarpens, 1-carba-isoflavanones, coumestans, and aurones were synthesized and evaluated as antiproliferative, antileishmanial and antiviral. A new scaffold, called pterocarpanquinone, was discovered and LQB-118, the prototypical scaffold of its series, showed consistent antileishmanial (mice and hamster in vivo) and antineoplastic (respectively, human and mice tumors ex vivo and in vivo) activity. 5-Carpa-pterocarpan LQB-485 is potent towards SF-295 cancer cells (CNS). LQB-262 and LQB-34 are new inhibitors of NB5S RdRp polymerase of hepatitis C virus (HCV) while LQB-314 and LQB-360 demonstrated potent activity and selectivity against HCV replicon reporter cells. LQB-454 and LQB-501 were evaluated for their in vitro anti-proliferative effects against human breast cancer and leukemia cell lines with diverse profiles of drug resistance. In breast cancer they present higher toxicity on multidrug resistant cells (collateral sensitivity). Aurone LQB-814, featuring a “lipophilic phenol” at A-ring”, was a very potent and selective inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 in Calu-3 cells. Other four aurones bearing EC50 (concentration required to inhibit 50% of cell growth) < 1 were also discovered. subgroup sub group pterocarpans 5carbapterocarpans, 5carbapterocarpans carbapterocarpans 5 carba 5-carba-pterocarpans 5carbapterocarpens, 5carbapterocarpens carbapterocarpens carbapterocarpens, 5-carbapterocarpens 1carbaisoflavanones, 1carbaisoflavanones carbaisoflavanones isoflavanones, isoflavanones 1-carba-isoflavanones coumestans antiproliferative antiviral pterocarpanquinone LQB118, LQB118 LQB 118, 118 LQB-118 series respectively, respectively (respectively 5Carpapterocarpan Carpapterocarpan Carpa pterocarpan LQB485 485 LQB-48 SF295 SF 295 SF-29 CNS. CNS . (CNS) LQB262 262 LQB-26 LQB34 34 LQB-3 NBS NB S (HCV LQB314 314 LQB-31 LQB360 360 LQB-36 LQB454 454 LQB-45 LQB501 501 LQB-50 anti proliferative resistance collateral sensitivity. sensitivity sensitivity) LQB814, LQB814 814, 814 LQB-814 lipophilic phenol Aring, Aring ring , A-ring” SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2 SARS-CoV- Calu3 Calu 3 Calu- EC EC5 concentration 50 growth LQB11 11 LQB-11 LQB48 48 LQB-4 SF29 29 SF-2 (CNS LQB26 26 LQB-2 LQB3 LQB- LQB31 31 LQB36 36 LQB45 45 LQB50 LQB-5 LQB81 81 LQB-81 A-ring SARS-CoV LQB1 LQB-1 LQB4 4 SF2 SF- LQB2 LQB5 LQB8 8 LQB-8

ABSTRACT Managing electrical conductivity levels is one of the fundamentals required to obtain greater production and better quality of vegetables. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution on the kohlrabi crop cultivated in semi-hydroponic system. A randomized block design was used with five treatments associated with the electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution (1.31, 1.71, 2.37, 2.98, and 3.75 dS m-1) and four replications. The plants were harvested 78 days after transplanting and evaluated for growth, production, and postharvest quality. Nutrient solution with electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.31 dS m-1 promotes greater production of purple kohlrabi. The increase in EC reduced linearly most of the analyzed variables (leaf area, fresh mass of leaves, bulb and shoot, dry mass of leaves and total, bulb volume and firmness), with more significant losses for the bulb fresh mass (50.54%) and bulb volume (57.37%) variables. The use of nutrient solution with EC between 2.3 and 2.9 dS m-1 increased the vitamin C content and the titratable acidity. vegetables semihydroponic semi hydroponic system 1.31, 131 1 31 (1.31 171 71 1.71 237 2 37 2.37 298 98 2.98 375 3 75 3.7 m1 m replications 7 growth (EC 1.3 m- leaf area shoot total firmness, firmness , firmness) 50.54% 5054 50 54 (50.54% 57.37% 5737 57 (57.37% 23 2. 29 9 acidity 13 (1.3 17 1.7 3. 1. 50.54 505 5 (50.54 57.37 573 (57.37 (1. 50.5 (50.5 57.3 (57.3 (1 50. (50. 57. (57. ( (50 (57 (5

RESUMO O manejo dos níveis de condutividade elétrica é um dos fundamentos necessários para se obter maior produção e melhor qualidade de hortaliças. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da condutividade elétrica da solução nutritiva na cultura da couve-rábano cultivada em sistema semi-hidropônico. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos associados à condutividade elétrica da solução nutritiva (1,31; 1,71; 2,37; 2,98 e 3,75 dS m-1) e quatro repetições. As plantas foram colhidas 78 dias após o transplante e avaliadas quanto ao crescimento, produção e qualidade pós-colheita. Solução nutritiva com condutividade elétrica (CE) de 1,31 dS m-1 proporciona maior produção de couve-rábano roxa. O aumento da CE reduziu linearmente a maioria das variáveis analisadas (área foliar, massa fresca de folhas, bulbos e parte aérea, massa seca de folhas e totais, volume e firmeza de bulbos), com perdas mais expressivas para as variáveis massa fresca de bulbos (50,54%) e volume de bulbos (57,37%). A utilização de solução nutritiva com CE entre 2,3 e 2,9 dS m-1 aumentou o teor de vitamina C e a acidez titulável. hortaliças couverábano couve rábano semihidropônico. semihidropônico semi hidropônico. hidropônico semi-hidropônico 131 1 31 (1,31 1,71 171 71 2,37 237 2 37 298 98 375 3 75 3,7 m1 m repetições 7 crescimento póscolheita. póscolheita pós colheita. colheita pós-colheita (CE 1,3 m- roxa área foliar aérea totais bulbos, , bulbos) 50,54% 5054 50 54 (50,54% 57,37%. 5737 57,37% . 57 (57,37%) 23 2, 29 9 titulável 13 (1,3 1,7 17 3, 1, 50,54 505 5 (50,54 573 57,37 (57,37% (1, 50,5 (50,5 57,3 (57,37 (1 50, (50, 57, (57,3 ( (50 (57, (5 (57

ABSTRACT Considering the importance of evaluating the compatibility between the exploration system usually used in the Caatinga and the vegetation regeneration process, this study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of recovering structural parameters in an experimental unit subjected to different management systems aged 9, 12, 16, 20 and 26 years post-exploitation. The area was subjected to clearcutting (CC) regimes and three types of selective cuttings (SC1 – selective cutting 1, cut of trees with diameter at the base – DAB < 15 cm; SC2 – selective cutting 2, cut of trees with DAB > 10 cm; and SC3 – selective cutting 3, cut of trees with DAB between 5 and 10 cm). In permanent plots of 20 m × 20 m, individuals with a circumference at breast height (CBH) ≥ 6 cm and a total height greater than 1.0 m were measured. Over the years of monitoring, the CC presented the lowest values of density, dominance, and volume, not obtaining a recovery in basal area and volume even after 26 years of regeneration. Treatments SC2 and SC3 stood out regarding recovery of the original woody biomass stock, presenting values higher than the original ones and indicating that the initial data did not correspond to the site's maximum potential. The forest dynamics pointed to the insufficiency of the 15-year clearcutting cycle in terms of recovering this region forest composition and structure. process 9 12 16 2 postexploitation. postexploitation post exploitation. exploitation post-exploitation (CC SC1 SC (SC 1 3 cm. . cm) CBH (CBH 0 1. measured monitoring density dominance stock sites site s potential 15year year structure

RESUMO Considerando a importância de se avaliar a compatibilidade entre o sistema de exploração usualmente empregado na Caatinga e o processo de regeneração da vegetação, este estudo objetivou avaliar a viabilidade de recuperação dos parâmetros estruturais em uma unidade experimental submetida a diferentes sistemas de manejo com idades de 9, 12, 16, 20 e 26 anos pós-exploração. A área foi submetida aos regimes de corte raso (CR) e três tipos de cortes seletivos (SC1 – corte seletivo 1, de árvores com diâmetro na base – DNB < 15 cm; SC2 – corte seletivo 2, de DNB > 10 cm; e SC3 – corte seletivo 2, de DNB entre 5 e 10 cm). Em parcelas permanentes de 20 m × 20 m, foram mensurados os indivíduos com CAP ≥ 6 cm e altura total superior a 1,0 m. Ao longo dos anos de monitoramento, o CR apresentou os menores valores de densidade, dominância e volume, não obtendo recuperação em área basal e volume mesmo após 26 anos de regeneração. Os tratamentos SC2 e SC3 se sobressaíram quanto à recuperação do estoque original de biomassa lenhosa, apresentando valores superiores aos originais e indicando que os dados iniciais não correspondiam ao potencial máximo do sítio. A dinâmica florestal apontou à insuficiência do ciclo de corte raso de 15 anos quanto à recuperação da composição e estrutura florestal nesta região. vegetação 9 12 16 2 pósexploração. pósexploração pós exploração. pós-exploração (CR SC1 SC (SC 1 cm. . cm) 0 monitoramento densidade lenhosa sítio região

Abstract Transporting live fish is a common practice in fish farming, and is certainly one of the main problems that affect fish homeostasis. In this scenario, the use of natural additives has shown promise in improving fish resistance to adverse situations. This study aimed to assess the impact of Ocimum gratissimum L. essential oil (OGEO) on water quality, hematological parameters, and residue levels in the plasma, fillet, and liver of juvenile piraputanga (Brycon hilarii) during a two-hour transportation period. The fish were divided into plastic bags (4 L) and exposed to three different OGEO concentrations (10, 20, and 30 mg L-1), while a control group received no OGEO (three repetitions each). After the two-hour transportation, blood samples were collected, as well as portions of the fillet and liver for quantifying essential oil compounds, which were also measured in the plasma. Oxygen levels remained high throughout the transportation period, in all groups, while the pH decreased. Hemoglobin, MCHC, and MCH increased in fish exposed to OGEO concentrations of 20 and 30 mg L-1, compared to the control group. However, lymphocyte counts and the concentrations of essential oil compounds in plasma, fillet, and liver increased with higher OGEO concentrations. The use of 10 mg L-1 OGEO in the two-hour transport water is promising to ensure the survival and well-being of Brycon hilarii juveniles (weighing 16 g), showing to be safe and effective. The residual concentration of eugenol the major compound of OGEO in the fillet remains below the maximum limit of the recommended daily intake. farming homeostasis scenario situations L (OGEO quality parameters plasma twohour two hour period 4 ( 10, (10 3 L1, L1 1 , L-1) each. each . each) collected groups decreased Hemoglobin MCHC 2 1, However L- wellbeing being weighing g, g g) effective intake (1

Resumo O transporte de peixes vivos é uma prática comum na piscicultura, e é certamente um dos principais problemas que afetam a homeostase dos peixes e neste cenário o uso de aditivos naturais tem-se mostrado promissor para melhorar a resistência dos peixes frente a situações adversas. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto do óleo essencial de Ocimum gratissimum L. (OEOG) na qualidade de água, perfil hematológico e níveis de resíduos no plasma, filé e fígado de juvenis de piraputanga (Brycon hilarii) durante um período de transporte de duas horas. Os peixes foram divididos em sacos plásticos (4 L) e expostos a três concentrações diferentes de OE OG (10, 20 e 30 mg L-1) enquanto um grupo não recebeu OEOG. Cada grupo com três repetições. Após o transporte de duas horas, foram coletadas amostras de sangue, bem como de filé e do fígado para a quantificação dos compostos do óleo essencial, que também foram mensurados no plasma. Os níveis de oxigênio permaneceram elevados durante todo o período do transporte, em todos os grupos, enquanto o pH diminuiu. A hemoglobina, CHCM e HCM aumentaram nos peixes dos grupos EOOG 20 e 30 mg L-1, em comparação ao grupo controle. No entanto, a contagem dos linfócitos e as concentrações decompostos no plasma, filé e fígado aumentaram com a concentração mais elevada de OEOG. O uso de 10 mg L-1 de OGEO na água de transporte de duas horas é promissor para garantir a sobrevivência e o bem-estar dos juvenis de Brycon hilarii (pesando 16 g), mostrando-se seguro e eficaz. A concentração residual de eugenol, composto majoritário do OGEO no filé, permanece abaixo do limite máximo da ingestão diária recomendada. piscicultura temse tem se adversas L OEOG (OEOG plasma 4 ( 10, (10 2 3 L1 1 repetições sangue diminuiu hemoglobina L1, 1, controle entanto L- bemestar estar pesando g, g , g) mostrandose mostrando eficaz eugenol recomendada (1

Ozone (O3) is a secondary pollutant, and modeling studies used to assess its behavior play a role in facilitating regulatory and decision-making processes in public policies. Thus, the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ), a chemical transport model, was specifically designed to simulate and forecast O3 concentrations. This critical review includes publications between 2016 and 2023 showing the most used configurations. The research was carried out in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, and the articles were filtered using determined criteria. With this, it was observed that the most used model arrangements are Weather Research and Forecasting as a meteorological model, carbon bond 2005 as the chemical mechanism, 36 × 36 km with 35 vertical layers as grid resolution, CMAQ standard profiles as a boundary condition, Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China, due to the high number of publications by Chinese researchers, and Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature as inventory and processor of biogenic emissions, respectively. It is concluded that this arrangement of configurations is the most widespread in the literature but shows that nowadays the publications predominantly lie over China and with greater prominence of this country in studies of influence on ozone simulation. O (O3 pollutant decisionmaking decision making policies Thus CMAQ, , (CMAQ) concentrations 201 202 databases criteria 200 mechanism 3 resolution condition Multiresolution Multi researchers emissions respectively simulation (O (CMAQ 20 2

Abstract The need to transition to more sustainable agriculture that is adaptable to environmental challenges, reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers and minimizing environmental impact, represents the new paradigm of the moment. In this scenario, studies with the adoption of bioinputs in corn cultivation emerge as a viable option for the sustainability of agricultural activity. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the effect of doses of neem vegetable cake on the yield components of corn crops. An experimental design was used of randomized blocks was used, consisting of four doses of neem vegetable rendering (3 kg ha-1, 6 kg ha-1, 9 kg ha-1 and 12 kg ha-1) and a treatment control without the presence of organic fertilizer. The result indicates the presence of a significant effect of treatments with the application of neem cake on the main components of corn yield, including grain productivity, suggesting that the high carbon content present in the organic product can induce phytochemical effects and biological changes. in the soil, making it more productive. It was found that, when administering the maximum experimental dose, compared to the control group, there was a significant effect (p≤0.01) of 21.3% on grain productivity, jumping from 2,140 kg ha -1, when did not apply organic fertilizer, to 2,596 kg ha-1 with the application of 12 kg of neem cake per hectare. It is noted that the increase in grain productivity was in the proportion of 38 kg ha-1 of corn for each kilo of neem cake applied. To facilitate interpretation and decision-making, an analysis of the economic viability of neem cake for rainfed corn was also determined, also identifying the maximum experimental dose of 12 kg ha-1, as the most economically viable, providing an increase in profit of around R$ 119.92 per hectare, in relation to the control. challenges impact moment scenario activity Therefore crops 3 ( ha1, ha1 1, 1 ha- fertilizer changes soil productive group p≤0.01 p001 p 0 01 (p≤0.01 213 21 21.3 2140 2 140 2,14 -1 2596 596 2,59 hectare applied decisionmaking, decisionmaking decision making, decision-making determined R 11992 119 92 119.9 p≤0.0 p00 (p≤0.0 21. 214 14 2,1 - 259 59 2,5 1199 11 119. p≤0. p0 (p≤0. 2, 25 5 p≤0 (p≤0 p≤ (p≤ (p

Resumo A necessidade de transitar para uma agricultura mais sustentável e adaptável aos desafios ambientais, com redução da dependência de fertilizantes químicos e minimização do impacto ambiental, representa o novo paradigma do momento. Nesse cenário, estudos com a adoção de bioinsumos na cultura do milho emergem como uma opção viável para a sustentabilidade da atividade agrícola. Portanto, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de doses de torta vegetal de neem nos componentes de rendimento da cultura do milho. Utilizou-se um delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados constituídos pelas quatro doses da torta vegetal de neem (3 kg ha-1, 6 kg ha-1, 9 kg ha-1 e 12 kg ha-1) e um tratamento testemunha sem a presença do adubo orgânico. O resultado indica a presença de um efeito significativo dos tratamentos com aplicação da torta de neem sobre os principais componentes de rendimento do milho, incluindo a produtividade dos grãos, sugerindo que o alto teor de carbono presente no produto orgânico pode induzir efeitos fitoquímicos e mudanças biológicas no solo, tornando-o mais produtivo. Verificou-se que, ao administrar a dose máxima experimental, em comparação com o grupo de controle, houve um efeito significativo (p≤0,01) de 21,3% na produtividade dos grãos, saltando de 2.140 kg ha -1, quando não aplicou o adubo orgânico, para 2.596 kg ha-1 com a aplicação de 12 kg da torta de neem por hectare. Nota-se que o incremento na produtividade dos grãos foi na proporção de 38 kg ha-1 de milho para cada quilo de torta de neem aplicado. Para facilitar a interpretação e tomada de decisão, determinou-se também a análise de viabilidade econômica da torta de neem para a cultura do milho cultivado em sequeiro, identificando também a dose máxima experimental de 12 kg ha-1, como a mais viável economicamente, proporcionando um incremento no lucro na ordem de R$ 119,92 por hectare, em relação a testemunha. ambientais ambiental momento cenário agrícola Portanto objetivouse objetivou se Utilizouse Utilizou 3 ( ha1, ha1 1, 1 ha- solo tornandoo tornando produtivo Verificouse Verificou controle p≤0,01 p001 p 0 01 (p≤0,01 213 21 21,3 2140 2 140 2.14 -1 2596 596 2.59 hectare Notase Nota aplicado decisão determinouse determinou sequeiro economicamente R 11992 119 92 119,9 p≤0,0 p00 (p≤0,0 21, 214 14 2.1 - 259 59 2.5 1199 11 119, p≤0, p0 (p≤0, 2. 25 5 p≤0 (p≤0 p≤ (p≤ (p

The reduction of nitroarenes is the main methodology to produce anilines, important precursors of building blocks, dyes, and drugs. Continuing our goal of describing sustainable methodologies for the reduction of nitroarenes to their respective anilines, herein we compile selected reaction protocols, using organic medium, reported from 2017 to 2023, in order to provide a comprehensive and complementary view of the new processes and catalysts developed during this period. anilines blocks dyes drugs protocols medium 201 2023 period 20 202 2

Abstract Sharks of the genus Sphyrna are under intense exploitation globally. In Brazil’s northern coast, this genus represents a high proportion of fisheries landings and comprises four species. However, due to difficulty of specific identification when specimens are landed, most of the records are limited to the genus level. Here we analyzed the effectiveness of ITS2 (Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 of rDNA) fragment length protocol (Abercrombie et al., 2005) for identifying hammerhead shark species, comparing with the analysis of COI (Cytochrome oxidase subunit I) and ITS2 sequences. We evaluated samples of muscle tissue acquired in the main fishing ports of Maranhão: Carutapera, Raposa e Tutóia. Sampling was conducted between March 2017 to March 2018 and complemented with material deposited in collection (2015). COI results indicated the occurrence of endangered species which are prohibited to be landed. These include Sphyrna mokarran (67%), S. lewini (15%), S. tudes (3%), and S. tiburo (15%). For the ITS2 marker, we investigated the optimization of the protocol developed by Abercrombie (2005) for to improve the use in this geographical area througout design of a new primers. globally Brazils Brazil s coast However landed level ITS Internal rDNA al al. 2005 Cytochrome I sequences Maranhão Carutapera Tutóia 201 2015. 2015 . (2015) 67%, 67 67% , (67%) S 15%, 15 15% (15%) 3%, 3 3% (3%) 15%. marker (2005 primers 200 20 (2015 6 (67% 1 (15% (3% (200 (201 (67 (15 (3 (20 (6 (1 ( (2

Resumo Os tubarões do gênero Sphyrna estão sob intensa exploração em todo o mundo. No litoral norte do Brasil, esse gênero representa grande proporção dos desembarques pesqueiros e compreende quatro espécies. Porém, devido à dificuldade de identificação específica no momento do desembarque dos espécimes, a maioria dos registros limita-se ao nível do gênero. Aqui analisamos a eficácia do protocolo baseado no comprimento de fragmentos de ITS2 (Abercrombie et al., 2005) para identificar espécies de tubarão-martelo, comparando com a análise das sequências COI e ITS2. Foram avaliadas amostras de tecido muscular adquiridas nos principais portos pesqueiros do Maranhão: Carutapera, Raposa e Tutóia. A amostragem foi realizada entre março de 2017 a março de 2018 e complementada com material depositados em coleção (2015). Os resultados do COI indicaram a ocorrência de espécies ameaçadas cujo desembarque é proibido. Estes incluem Sphyrna mokarran (67%), S. lewini (15%), S. tudes (3%) e S. tiburo (15%). Para o marcador ITS2, investigamos a otimização do protocolo desenvolvido por Abercrombie (2005) para melhorar o uso nesta área geográfica através do desenho de novos primers. mundo Brasil Porém espécimes limitase limita se ITS al al. 2005 tubarãomartelo, tubarãomartelo tubarão martelo, martelo tubarão-martelo Maranhão Carutapera Tutóia 201 2015. 2015 . (2015) proibido 67%, 67 67% , (67%) S 15%, 15 15% (15%) 3% 3 (3% 15%. (2005 primers 200 20 (2015 6 (67% 1 (15% (3 (200 2 (201 (67 (15 ( (20 (6 (1 (2

Combining direct targeting, enhanced cellular uptake, photothermal transduction capacity, and biocompatibility in the same system is a challenge to make the application of nanoparticles in biomedicine real. This study involves the functionalization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in a few steps with strategic macromolecules to provide characteristics that are key to theragnostic agents. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is hydrophilic and can improve nanoparticle stability and circulation lifetime. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable hydrophobic polymer important to guarantee the interaction and uptake through the cellular membranes. Folate provides specific targeting because tumors usually overexpress folate receptor proteins. Single, double, and triple functionalization of spherical and rodlike AuNPs with these ligands provided different aggregation, stability, and plasmonic properties. Triple functionalization ensured simultaneous nanoparticle stability in an aqueous medium and enhanced cellular uptake. Infrared irradiation increased the temperature of gold nanorods more than of gold nanospheres due to the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance band. The results suggest that this functionalization strategy can be used to tune the desired properties for applications of gold nanoparticles, such as imaging and photothermal therapy in biomedicine research. capacity real (AuNPs agents PEG (PEG lifetime PLA (PLA membranes proteins Single double aggregation band research