Indirubin is an isomer of the blue dye indigo. It is widely used in Chinese medicine as part of therapy against many diseases and, thus, its skeleton becomes a promising candidate for new drug prototypes. Since it has low solubility, its properties could be improved through the insertion of hydrophilic and pharmacophoric groups, such as sugars bridged to 1,2,3-triazoles. Here, we report the synthesis of indirubin-based compounds evaluating two different routes: via the aldol condensation reaction of triazole-isatin derivatives with 3-acetoxyindole (pathway A) and reductive coupling of isatin, followed by N-propargylation of indirubin. We also performed reactivity studies guided by density functional theory (DFT) calculations (pathway B). As a demonstration, we simulate interactions with the glycogen synthase kinase 3β enzyme, which is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, through both molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. indigo thus prototypes solubility groups 1,2,3triazoles. 123triazoles triazoles 1,2,3 triazoles. 1 2 3 1,2,3-triazoles Here indirubinbased indirubin based routes triazoleisatin triazole isatin 3acetoxyindole acetoxyindole pathway A Npropargylation N propargylation DFT (DFT B. B . B) demonstration β enzyme simulations 3triazoles 1,2,3triazoles 123 1,2, 12 1,2 1,

Abstract Background: Tele-cardiology tools are valuable strategies to improve risk stratification. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of tele-electrocardiography (ECG) to predict abnormalities in screening echocardiography (echo) in primary care (PC). Methods: In 17 months, 6 health providers at 16 PC units were trained on simplified handheld echo protocols. Tele-ECGs were recorded for final diagnosis by a cardiologist. Consented patients with major ECG abnormalities by the Minnesota code, and a 1:5 sample of normal individuals underwent clinical questionnaire and screening echo interpreted remotely. Major heart disease was defined as moderate/severe valve disease, ventricular dysfunction/hypertrophy, pericardial effusion, or wall-motion abnormalities. Association between major ECG and echo abnormalities was assessed by logistic regression as follows: 1) unadjusted model; 2) model 1 adjusted for age/sex; 3) model 2 plus risk factors (hypertension/diabetes); 4) model 3 plus history of cardiovascular disease (Chagas/rheumatic heart disease/ischemic heart disease/stroke/heart failure). P-values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: A total 1,411 patients underwent echo; 1,149 (81%) had major ECG abnormalities. Median age was 67 (IQR 60 to 74) years, and 51.4% were male. Major ECG abnormalities were associated with a 2.4-fold chance of major heart disease on echo in bivariate analysis (OR = 2.42 [95% CI 1.76 to 3.39]), and remained significant after adjustments in models (p < 0.001) 2 (OR = 2.57 [95% CI 1.84 to 3.65]), model 3 (OR = 2.52 [95% CI 1.80 to3.58]), and model 4 (OR = 2.23 [95%CI 1.59 to 3.19]). Age, male sex, heart failure, and ischemic heart disease were also independent predictors of major heart disease on echo. Conclusions: Tele-ECG abnormalities increased the likelihood of major heart disease on screening echo, even after adjustments for demographic and clinical variables. Background Telecardiology Tele cardiology stratification Objective teleelectrocardiography tele electrocardiography (ECG (echo PC. . (PC) Methods months protocols TeleECGs ECGs cardiologist code 15 5 1: remotely moderatesevere moderate severe dysfunctionhypertrophy dysfunction hypertrophy dysfunction/hypertrophy effusion wallmotion wall motion follows age/sex agesex sex hypertension/diabetes hypertensiondiabetes hypertension diabetes (hypertension/diabetes) Chagas/rheumatic Chagasrheumatic Chagas rheumatic diseaseischemic diseasestrokeheart stroke failure. failure failure) Pvalues P values 005 0 05 0.0 Results 1411 411 1,41 1149 149 1,14 81% 81 (81% IQR 74 years 514 51 51.4 2.4fold 24fold fold 2.4 OR 242 42 95% 95 [95 176 76 1.7 3.39, 339 3.39 , 39 3.39]) p 0.001 0001 001 257 57 2.5 184 84 1.8 3.65, 365 3.65 65 3.65]) 252 52 180 80 to3.58, to358 to3.58 to3 58 to3.58]) 223 23 2.2 95%CI 95CI 159 59 1.5 3.19. 319 3.19 19 3.19]) Age Conclusions TeleECG variables (PC (hypertension/diabetes 00 0. 141 41 1,4 114 14 1,1 8 (81 7 51. 4fold 24 2. 9 [9 1. 33 3.3 3.39] 0.00 000 25 18 36 3.6 3.65] to35 to3.5 to3.58] 22 31 3.1 3.19] 1, 11 (8 [ 3. to3. (

Resumo Fundamento: As ferramentas de telecardiologia são estratégias valiosas para melhorar a estratificação de risco. Objetivo: Objetivamos avaliar a acurácia da tele-eletrocardiografia (ECG) para predizer anormalidades no ecocardiograma de rastreamento na atenção primária. Métodos: Em 17 meses, 6 profissionais de saúde em 16 unidades de atenção primária foram treinados em protocolos simplificados de ecocardiografia portátil. Tele-ECGs foram registrados para diagnóstico final por um cardiologista. Pacientes consentidos com anormalidades maiores no ECG pelo código de Minnesota e uma amostra 1:5 de indivíduos normais foram submetidos a um questionário clínico e ecocardiograma de rastreamento interpretado remotamente. A doença cardíaca grave foi definida como doença valvular moderada/grave, disfunção/hipertrofia ventricular, derrame pericárdico ou anormalidade da motilidade. A associação entre alterações maiores do ECG e anormalidades ecocardiográficas foi avaliada por regressão logística da seguinte forma: 1) modelo não ajustado; 2) modelo 1 ajustado por idade/sexo; 3) modelo 2 mais fatores de risco (hipertensão/diabetes); 4) modelo 3 mais história de doença cardiovascular (Chagas/cardiopatia reumática/cardiopatia isquêmica/AVC/insuficiência cardíaca). Foram considerados significativos valores de p < 0,05. Resultados: No total, 1.411 pacientes realizaram ecocardiograma, sendo 1.149 (81%) com anormalidades maiores no ECG. A idade mediana foi de 67 anos (intervalo interquartil de 60 a 74) e 51,4% eram do sexo masculino. As anormalidades maiores no ECG se associaram a uma chance 2,4 vezes maior de doença cardíaca grave no ecocardiograma de rastreamento na análise bivariada (OR = 2,42 [IC 95% 1,76 a 3,39]) e permaneceram significativas (p < 0,001) após ajustes no modelo 2 (OR = 2,57 [IC 95% 1,84 a 3,65]), modelo 3 (OR = 2,52 [IC 95% 1,80 a 3,58]) e modelo 4 (OR = 2,23 [IC 95% 1,59 a 3,19]). Idade, sexo masculino, insuficiência cardíaca e doença cardíaca isquêmica também foram preditores independentes de doença cardíaca grave no ecocardiograma. Conclusões: As anormalidades do tele-ECG aumentaram a probabilidade de doença cardíaca grave no ecocardiograma de rastreamento, mesmo após ajustes para variáveis demográficas e clínicas. Fundamento Objetivo teleeletrocardiografia tele eletrocardiografia (ECG Métodos meses portátil TeleECGs Tele ECGs cardiologista 15 5 1: remotamente moderadagrave moderada moderada/grave disfunçãohipertrofia disfunção hipertrofia ventricular motilidade forma idade/sexo idadesexo hipertensão/diabetes hipertensãodiabetes hipertensão diabetes (hipertensão/diabetes) Chagas/cardiopatia Chagascardiopatia Chagas cardiopatia reumáticacardiopatia reumática isquêmicaAVCinsuficiência AVC cardíaca. . cardíaca) 005 0 05 0,05 Resultados total 1411 411 1.41 1149 149 1.14 81% 81 (81% intervalo 74 514 51 51,4 masculino 24 2, OR 242 42 IC 95 176 76 1,7 3,39 339 39 3,39] 0,001 0001 001 257 57 2,5 184 84 1,8 3,65, 365 3,65 , 65 3,65]) 252 52 180 80 3,58 358 58 3,58] 223 23 2,2 159 59 1,5 3,19. 319 3,19 19 3,19]) Idade Conclusões teleECG clínicas (hipertensão/diabetes 00 0,0 141 41 1.4 114 14 1.1 8 (81 7 51, 9 1, 3,3 33 0,00 000 25 18 36 3,6 3,65] 3,5 35 22 31 3,1 3,19] 0, 1. 11 (8 3, (

In this study, nanostructured coatings of VN2/Fe3N/Fe4N are synthesized by Plasma Deposition (CCPD) using a vanadium cathodic cage and subject to cathodic and floating potential treatments. Microstructural and mechanical properties of coated SAE 1080 steel samples are investigated using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Vickers microhardness (HV), and surface roughness analysis. The coating produced under cathodic potential treatment exhibited a nitride-based microstructure (VN2, Fe3N, Fe4N), with surface morphology consisting of clusters of granular structures with varied particle sizes. The coating produced under floating potential predominantly exhibited the iron nitride phase (Fe3N) with a morphology composed of uniformly sized grains. Microhardness testing showed that both layers exhibited more excellent plastic deformation resistance than the substrate. Roughness measurements confirmed a more organized microstructure profile for the sample treated under floating potential. This study demonstrates that the CCPD-produced cathodic potential coating can be utilized in tribological applications. VN2Fe3NFe4N VNFeNFeN VN2 Fe3N Fe4N VN Fe N CCPD (CCPD treatments 108 Xray X ray XRD, XRD , (XRD) SEM, SEM (SEM) HV, HV (HV) analysis nitridebased based VN2, (VN2 FeN Fe4N, Fe4N) sizes (Fe3N grains substrate CCPDproduced applications NFe 10 (XRD (SEM (HV (VN 1

The compound 2-hydrazinyl-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)thiazole (PD76) is a novel thiazolyl hydrazine derivative with proven antifungal activity against different fungal species, mainly Candida and Cryptococcus. Considering the advantages of oral route for clinical therapy, the aim of this work was to evaluate the potential intestinal permeability of this new antifungal drug. For the quantitation of PD76, a high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and fully validated. The cytotoxicity of the compound in Caco-2 cells was analyzed and intestinal permeability of PD76 was assessed by means of the comparison of in vitro assay in Caco-2 cells and in silico platforms ADMETlab and admetSAR. Cell viability above 70% was obtained at all PD76 studied concentrations. Using Caco-2 cell model, the compound showed apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) of 5.25 × 10-6 and 23.28 × 10-6 cm s-1 in apical-basolateral and basolateral-apical directions, respectively. Experiments performed using verapamil as P-gp inhibitor demonstrated that PD76 is slightly susceptible to active efflux. Both in silico platforms inferred that PD76 presents permeability in Caco-2 cells, with Log P values of 2.82 (ADMETlab) and 2.10 (admetSAR). The results obtained in permeability studies showed that PD76 presents moderate intestinal permeability and a promising profile for clinical application. 2hydrazinyl44methoxyphenylthiazole hydrazinylmethoxyphenylthiazole 2 hydrazinyl 4 methoxyphenyl thiazole PD (PD76 species Cryptococcus therapy drug highperformance high performance validated Caco2 Caco Caco- PD7 admetSAR 70 concentrations model Papp (Papp 525 5 25 5.2 106 10 6 10- 2328 23 28 23.2 s1 s 1 s- apicalbasolateral apical basolateral basolateralapical directions respectively Pgp gp efflux 282 82 2.8 (ADMETlab 210 2.1 . (admetSAR) application methoxyphenylthiazole (PD7 7 52 5. 232 23. 8 2. 21 (admetSAR (PD

Abstract Germ cell transplantation in fish is a promising technique for surrogate broodstock parents with broader application in aquaculture and conserving endangered and valuable genetic resources. Herein, we describe the establishment of an intrapapillary xenogeneic transplant of germ cells from sexually mature goldfish (C. auratus) males into common carp (C. carpio) males cytoablated with a thermochemical treatment (two doses of busulfan at 40 mg/kg at 35°C). To analyze the presence and development of donor germ cells in recipient testes, donor germ cells were labeled with PKH26, a fluorescent cell membrane dye, before transplantation. Our results demonstrated that thermochemical treatment caused effective spermatogenesis suppression and pronounced germ cell loss. Moreover, transplanted spermatogonial cells were able to colonize the recipients’ testes, resume spermatogenesis, and generate spermatozoa within eight weeks after germ cell transplantation. These findings suggested that recipient testes provided suitable conditions for the survival, colonization, proliferation, and differentiation of donor spermatogonia from a related species. This study indicated that recipients’ testes exhibited a high degree of plasticity to accept and support xenogeneic donor germ cells, which were able to form sperm in a short time frame. This approach has significant implications for assisted animal reproduction, biotechnology, conservation, and the production of valuable genetic resources and endangered fish species. Herein C. C (C auratus carpio two 4 mgkg mg kg 35°C. 35C 35°C . 35 35°C) PKH26 PKH dye loss Moreover recipients survival colonization proliferation species frame reproduction biotechnology conservation 3 PKH2

ABSTRACT Cultivation and commercialization of Capsicum pepper have great importance in Brazil. This work assessed the influence of omission of macro and micronutrients on the growth and mineral nutrition of sweet pepper plants (Capsicum chinense Jacquin). The research was carried out in a greenhouse with washed sand as substrate. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replications and eight treatments: complete (control), omission of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, and micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn). The plants were submitted to the treatments when they reached an average height of 20 cm and the nutrient solution was supplied by percolation in plastic pots and renewed every 15 days. Nutrients omission affected negatively plant growth as a whole. The omission of N, Ca, and micronutrients greatly reduced sweet pepper yield. The C. chinense plants presented the sequence by dry matter production of shoots and roots in descending order: COMP > OP > OS > OK > Omg > ON > Oca > OMicro. Brazil Jacquin. Jacquin . Jacquin) substrate control, control , (control) N P K Ca Mg S B, B (B Cu Fe Zn. Zn Zn) 2 1 days whole yield C order OMicro (control

Abstract Objective Research and identification of Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) and other microorganisms in deeptissue samples collected in clean shoulder surgeries of patients who did not undergo any previous invasive joint procedure and who had no clinical history of infection. Methods We analyzed the results of cultures of intraoperative deep tissue samples from 84 patients submitted to primary clean shoulder surgery. Tubes containing culture medium were used for storage and transport of anaerobic agents, prolonged incubation time, and mass spectrometer for diagnosis of bacterial agents. Results Bacteria growth was evidenced in 34 patients (40.4%) of the 84 included in the study. Of these, 23 had growth of C. acnes in at least one sample of deep tissue collected, corresponding to 27.3% of the total patients. The second most common agent was Staphylococcus epidermidis, present in 7.2% of the total individuals included. We showed a higher relationship between sample positivity and males, a lower mean age, absence of diabetes mellitus, ASA I score, and antibiotic prophylaxis in anesthetic induction with cefuroxime. Conclusions A high percentage of isolates of different bacteria was found in shoulder tissue samples of patients undergoing clean and primary surgeries, who had no history of previous infection. Identification of C. acnes was high (27.6%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis was the second most frequent agent (7.2%). C (C infection 8 surgery agents time 3 40.4% 404 40 4 (40.4% study these 2 273 27 27.3 72 7 7.2 males age mellitus score cefuroxime 27.6%, 276 27.6% , 6 (27.6%) 7.2%. . (7.2%) 40.4 (40.4 27. 7. 27.6 (27.6% (7.2% 40. (40. (27.6 (7.2 (40 (27. (7. (4 (27 (7 ( (2

Resumo Objetivo Pesquisa e identificação de Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) e de outros microrganismos em amostras de tecidos profundos coletados em cirurgias limpas de ombro em pacientes que não foram submetidos a nenhum procedimento invasivo articular prévio e que não possuíam antecedentes clínicos de infecção. Métodos Foram analisados os resultados das culturas de amostras de tecidos profundos intraoperatórias de 84 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia limpa primária do ombro. Foram utilizados tubos contendo meio de cultivo para armazenamento e transporte de agentes anaeróbicos, tempo prolongado de incubação e espectrômetro de massa para diagnósticos de agentes bacterianos. Resultados Foi evidenciado o crescimento de bactérias em 34 pacientes (40,4%) dos 84 incluídos no estudo. Desses, 23 apresentavam crescimento de C. acnes em pelo menos uma amostra de tecido profundo coletada, correspondendo a 27,3% do total de pacientes. O segundo agente mais encontrado foi o Staphylococcus epidermidis, presente em 7,2% do total de indivíduos incluídos. Evidenciamos maior relação da positividade de amostras com o gênero masculino, uma média de idade inferior, a ausência de diabetes mellitus, o escore ASA I e a profilaxia antibiótica na indução anestésica com cefuroxima. Conclusões Verificou-se um elevado percentual de isolados de diferentes bactérias em amostras de tecidos de ombros de pacientes submetidos a cirurgias limpas e primárias e sem histórico de infecção anterior. A identificação de C. acnes foi elevada (27,6%) e o Staphylococcus epidermidis foi o segundo agente mais frequente (7,2%). C (C 8 anaeróbicos bacterianos 3 40,4% 404 40 4 (40,4% estudo Desses 2 coletada 273 27 27,3 72 7 7,2 masculino inferior mellitus cefuroxima Verificouse Verificou se anterior 27,6% 276 6 (27,6% 7,2%. . (7,2%) 40,4 (40,4 27, 7, 27,6 (27,6 (7,2% 40, (40, (27, (7,2 (40 (27 (7, (4 (2 (7 (

Abstract Fruit ripening promoted by the exogenous application of ethylene analogs, such as calcium carbide, has commercial advantages. Thus, the knowledge of the responses of fruits treated with ethylene-inducing agents is essential to optimize the use of these substances. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of exposure to calcium carbide on the anticipation and standardization of postharvest ripening of cajá-manga fruits. Physiologically mature fruits were exposed to calcium carbide for 24 hours at concentrations 0, 20, 40, 80, and 110 g m-3. The fruits were stored at a temperature of 28±2 °C and evaluated at 0, 2, 4, and 6 days for the loss of fresh mass, color of the epidermis and pulp given by the CIELAB color space, titratable acidity, soluble solids content, the ratio between soluble solids content and titratable acidity, and vitamin C content. Cajá-manga fruits treated with different concentrations of calcium carbide had their ripening anticipated without compromising their characteristics. The concentrations of 20, 40, and 80 g m-3 of calcium carbide allowed the anticipation and standardization of fruit ripening within four days during storage, while for the highest concentration (110 g m-3), complete maturation was accelerated, occurring between two and four days of storage. analogs advantages Thus ethyleneinducing inducing substances cajámanga cajá manga 2 0 20 40 11 m3. m3 m 3. 3 282 28 28± 4 mass space acidity Cajámanga Cajá characteristics 8 m- storage (11 m3, , m-3) accelerated 1 (1 (

Resumo O amadurecimento de frutos promovido pela aplicação exógena de análogos de etileno, como o carbureto de cálcio, tem vantagens comerciais. Assim, o conhecimento das respostas de frutos tratados com agentes indutores de etileno é essencial para otimizar o uso dessas substâncias. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da exposição ao carbureto de cálcio na antecipação e na padronização do amadurecimento pós-colheita de frutos de cajá-manga. Frutos fisiologicamente maduros foram expostos ao carbureto de cálcio nas concentrações de 0; 20; 40; 80 e 110 g m-3 por 24 horas. Os frutos foram armazenados a uma temperatura de 28±2 °C e avaliados aos 0; 2; 4 e 6 dias quanto à perda de massa fresca, cor da epiderme e polpa dada pelo espaço de cor CIELAB, acidez titulável, teor de sólidos solúveis, relação entre o teor de sólidos solúveis e a acidez titulável, e teor de vitamina C. Frutos de cajá-manga tratados com diferentes concentrações de carbureto de cálcio tiveram seu amadurecimento antecipado sem comprometer suas características. As concentrações de 20; 40 e 80 g m-3 de carbureto de cálcio permitiram a antecipação e a padronização do amadurecimento dos frutos em quatro dias, durante o armazenamento, Enquanto para a maior concentração (110 g m-3), a maturação completa foi acelerada, ocorrendo entre dois e quatro dias de armazenamento. comerciais Assim substâncias póscolheita pós colheita cajámanga. cajámanga cajá manga. manga 0 20 8 11 m3 m 3 m- 2 horas 282 28 28± C fresca CIELAB titulável características armazenamento (11 m3, , m-3) acelerada 1 (1 (

Abstract Alpinia zerumbet is a plant popularly used to treat hypertension and anxiety. Studies with Alpinia zerumbet demonstrate antihypertensive and vasodilator effects, among others. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet (EOAz) on cardiovascular and autonomic function in rats with isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Male Wistar rats (n=32) were equally allocated into four groups: Control, ISO (150mg/kg, subcutaneous), EOAz (100mg/kg by gavage), ISO+EOAz. The rats were evaluated for cardiovascular and, autonomic parameters, electrocardiogram, and infarct size. EOAz was not able to reduce the electrocardiographic variations induced by ISO. Heart rate variability showed a decrease in sympathetic modulation on the heart in the groups treated with EOAz. The cardiopulmonary reflex induced by serotonin invoked a superior blood pressure variation at the 2 µg/kg dose in the EOAz treated groups, while the heart rate variation was significantly higher at the 16 µg/kg dose, when compared to other doses, in all groups, except EOAz+ISO. The sympathetic vagal index was higher in ISO group than in control. EOAz did not reduce the infarct size. We conclude that pretreatment with EOAz does not reverse the hemodynamic and electrocardiographic damage caused by isoproterenol but does reduce sympathetic modulation. anxiety effects others (EOAz isoproterenolinduced infarction n=32 n32 n 32 (n=32 Control 150mg/kg, 150mgkg mgkg 150mg kg mg (150mg/kg subcutaneous, subcutaneous , subcutaneous) 100mg/kg 100mgkg 100mg gavage, gavage gavage) ISOEOAz ISO+EOAz parameters electrocardiogram size µgkg µg 1 doses EOAzISO EOAz+ISO control n=3 n3 3 (n=3 150mg/kg n= (n= (n

Abstract Cryptosporidiosis is a waterborne protozoal infection that may cause life-threatening diarrhea in undernourished children living in unsanitary environments. The aim of this study is to identify new biomarkers that may be related to gut-brain axis dysfunction in children suffering from the malnutrition/infection vicious cycle is necessary for better intervention strategies. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a well-known neutrophil-related tissue factor released during enteropathy that could drive gut-derived brain inflammation. We utilized a model of environmental enteropathy in C57BL/6 weanling mice challenged by Cryptosporidium and undernutrition. Mice were fed a 2%-Protein Diet (dPD) for eight days and orally infected with 107-C. parvum oocysts. C. parvum oocyst shedding was assessed from fecal and ileal-extracted genomic DNA by qRT-PCR. Ileal histopathology scores were assessed for intestinal inflammation. Prefrontal cortex samples were snap-frozen for MPO ELISA assay and NF-kb immunostaining. Blood samples were drawn by cardiac puncture after anesthesia and sera were obtained for serum amyloid A (SAA) and MPO analysis. Brain samples were also obtained for Iba-1 prefrontal cortex immunostaining. C. parvum-infected mice showed sustained stool oocyst shedding for six days post-infection and increased fecal MPO and inflammation scores. dPD and cryptosporidiosis led to impaired growth and weight gain. C. parvum-infected dPD mice showed increased serum MPO and serum amyloid A (SAA) levels, markers of systemic inflammation. dPD-infected mice showed greater MPO, NF-kB expression, and Iba-1 immunolabeling in the prefrontal cortex, an important brain region involved in executive function. Our findings suggest MPO as a potential biomarker for intestinal-brain axis dysfunction due to environmental enteropathy. lifethreatening life threatening environments gutbrain gut malnutritioninfection malnutrition strategies (MPO wellknown well known neutrophilrelated neutrophil gutderived derived C57BL6 CBL C57BL 6 C BL C57BL/ undernutrition 2%Protein 2Protein Protein 2% 2 (dPD 107C. 107C 107 107-C oocysts ilealextracted ileal extracted qRTPCR. qRTPCR qRT PCR. PCR qRT-PCR snapfrozen snap frozen NFkb NF kb immunostaining SAA (SAA analysis Iba1 Iba 1 Iba- parvuminfected postinfection post gain levels dPDinfected NFkB kB expression function intestinalbrain 10

Abstract This study aims to report the occurrence of two important parasites in farmed tambaqui Colossoma macropomum in the state of Tocantins, the acanthocephalan Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae and the dinoflagellate protozoan Piscinoodinium pillulare, also suggesting the main treatments to control them. The fish sampled for the study were infected by N. buttnerae, and P. pillulare, with prevalence from 100% and mean intensity from 51.4 to 354,264, respectively. This was the first report on the occurrence of such parasites in C. macropomum in the state of Tocantins. We emphasize the need to adopt good farm management and biosecurity practices to prevent pathogenic agents to enter or leave a property. Reported treatments with synthetic and natural products with positive results are also suggested to treat against those parasites in farmed C. macropomum. Tocantins pillulare them N P 100 514 51 4 51. 354264 354 264 354,264 respectively C property 10 5 35426 35 26 354,26 1 3542 3 2 354,2 354,

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo relatar a ocorrência de dois importantes parasitos em tambaqui Colossoma macropomum cultivado no estado de Tocantins, o acantocéfalo Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae e o protozoário dinoflagelado Piscinoodinium pillulare e também destacar os principais tratamentos para controlá-los. Os peixes examinados estavam infectados por N. buttnerae e P. pillulare, com prevalência de 100% e intensidade média de 51,4 a 354.264,4, respectivamente. Este foi o primeiro relato da ocorrência desses parasitos para C. macropomum no estado de Tocantins. Destaca-se a necessidade da adoção de boas práticas de manejo na produção e de manejo sanitário, para evitar a contaminação da propriedade e a transmissão para pisciculturas vizinhas. Em relação ao controle dessas parasitoses são apresentados os tratamentos com resultados positivos para C. macropomum, com o uso de produtos sintéticos e naturais. Tocantins controlálos. controlálos controlá los. los controlá-los N P 100 514 51 4 51, 3542644 354 264 354.264,4 respectivamente C Destacase Destaca se sanitário vizinhas naturais 10 5 354264 35 26 354.264, 1 35426 3 2 354.264 3542 354.26 354.2 354.

ABSTRACT: Toxoplasma gondii can be eliminated in bovine semen. Cryopreserved semen is often used due to the fact that artificial insemination in dairy and beef cattle provides benefits in terms of production. However, little is known regarding the viability and infectivity of T. gondii tachyzoites in cryopreserved bovine semen. In the present study, cattle semen negative for T. gondii were contaminated with 1 x 106 tachyzoites (RH strain) and cryopreserved with and without different cryoprotectants, such as DMSO (concentrations of 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 8.0% and 10.0%) and glycerol (2.25%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0%), followed by freezing in liquid nitrogen (-196°C). After 24 hours, the samples were thawed and inoculated in 10 mice per cryoprotectant concentration. The mice were evaluated for clinical signs of toxoplasmosis (rough coat, diarrhea, hypoactivity and sudden death) as well as serum titers of IgM and IgG and the presence of tachyzoites in the peritoneal lavage. The results revealed that T. gondii remained infective in all samples. Clinical signs of toxoplasmosis were observed in the mice beginning with the 6th day post-inoculation (DPI) and 100% lethality was found between the 7th and 9th DPI. Viable tachyzoites were recovered from peritoneal exudate of dead mice (except for the control group), with higher mean of tachyzoite counts in the intraperitoneal lavage for 5% DMSO (±3.32 x 106), 8% DMSO (±3.53 x 106), 3% glycerol (±4.75 x 106), 7.5% glycerol (±6.26 x 106) and the absence of cryoprotectant (±3.11 x 106). Seroconversion occurred in the treated groups, with titers of IgG from 1:16 to 1:128 and IgM from 1:16 to 1:512. T. gondii viability and infectivity were maintained in cattle semen during 24 hours of cryopreservation at -196°C with and without cryoprotectant. However, further studies are necessary to determine whether cryopreserved semen contributes to the spread of toxoplasmosis through artificial insemination. ABSTRACT production However T study RH strain cryoprotectants concentrations 25 2 5 2.5% 50 0 5.0% 75 7 80 8 8.0 10.0% 100 2.25%, 225 (2.25% 30 3 3.0% 7.5 10.0%, , 196°C. 196C C 196°C . 196 (-196°C) concentration rough coat diarrhea death th postinoculation post inoculation DPI (DPI except group, group group) ±3.32 332 32 (±3.3 106, ±3.53 353 53 (±3.5 ±4.75 475 4 (±4.7 ±6.26 626 6 26 (±6.2 ±3.11 311 11 (±3.1 106. groups 116 16 1:1 1128 128 1:12 1512. 1512 512. 512 1:512 2.5 5.0 8. 10.0 2.25% 22 (2.25 3.0 7. 19 (-196°C ±3.3 33 (±3. ±3.5 35 ±4.7 47 (±4. ±6.2 62 (±6. ±3.1 31 1: 112 12 151 51 1:51 2. 5. 10. 2.25 (2.2 3. ±3. (±3 ±4. (±4 ±6. (±6 15 1:5 2.2 (2. ±3 (± ±4 ±6 (2 ± (

RESUMO: Sabe-se que Toxoplasma gondii pode ser eliminado no sêmen bovino. A inseminação artificial em bovinos leiteiros e de corte proporcionou avanços e benefícios nas produções e para isso o sêmen criopreservado é frequentemente utilizado. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre a viabilidade e infectividade dos taquizoítos de T. gondii em sêmen bovino criopreservado. Para isso o sêmen bovino, negativo para T. gondii, foi contaminado com 1x106 taquizoítos (cepa RH), criopreservados com ou sem diferentes crioprotetores como DMSO (2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 8.0% e 10.0%) e Glicerol (2.25%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 5.0%, 7.5% e 10.0%) e congelados em nitrogênio líquido (-196°C). Após 24 horas, essas amostras foram descongeladas e inoculadas em 10 camundongos por diluente de concentração de crioprotetor. Os camundongos foram avaliados quanto a sinais clínicos de toxoplasmose (pele áspera, diarreia, hipoatividade e morte súbita), títulos séricos de IgM e IgG e presença de taquizoítos no lavado peritoneal. Os resultados mostraram que T. gondii se manteve infectante em todas as amostras, inclusive naquelas sem crioprotetor. Sinais clínicos de toxoplasmose foram observados nos camundongos a partir do 6º dia pós-inoculação (DPI) e 100% de letalidade foi verificada entre o 7º ao 9º DPI. Nos camundongos mortos, exceto no grupo controle, taquizoítos viáveis foram recuperados do exsudato peritoneal, com maior média de taquizoítos quantificados na lavagem intraperitoneal para DMSO a 5% (±3.32x106), 8% (±3.53x106) e glicerol 3% (±4.75x106), 7,5% (±6.26x106) e livre de crioprotetor (±3.11x106). A soroconversão ocorreu nos grupos tratados com títulos de IgG (1:16 a 1:128) e IgM (1:16 a 1:512). A viabilidade e infectividade do T. gondii no sêmen bovino durante as 24 horas de criopreservação a -196°C foram mantidas com ou sem crioprotetor. No entanto, mais estudos são necessários para verificar se o sêmen criopreservado contribui para a disseminação da toxoplasmose na inseminação artificial. RESUMO Sabese Sabe utilizado entanto T x 1x10 cepa RH, RH , RH) 25 2 5 (2.5% 50 0 5.0% 75 7 80 8 8.0 10.0% 100 2.25%, 225 (2.25% 2.5% 30 3 3.0% 7.5 196°C. 196C C 196°C . 196 (-196°C) 1 pele áspera diarreia súbita, súbita súbita) peritoneal º pósinoculação pós inoculação DPI (DPI mortos controle ±3.32x106, 332x106 ±3.32x106 32x106 (±3.32x106) ±3.53x106 353x106 53x106 (±3.53x106 ±4.75x106, 475x106 ±4.75x106 4 75x106 (±4.75x106) 7,5 ±6.26x106 626x106 6 26x106 (±6.26x106 ±3.11x106. 311x106 ±3.11x106 11x106 (±3.11x106) 116 16 (1:1 1128 128 1:128 1512. 1512 512 1:512) 1x1 (2.5 5.0 8. 10.0 2.25% 22 (2.25 2.5 3.0 7. 19 (-196°C 332x10 ±3.32x10 32x10 (±3.32x106 ±3.53x10 353x10 53x10 (±3.53x10 475x10 ±4.75x10 75x10 (±4.75x106 7, ±6.26x10 626x10 26x10 (±6.26x10 311x10 ±3.11x10 11x10 (±3.11x106 11 (1: 112 12 1:12 151 51 1:512 1x (2. 5. 10. 2.25 (2.2 2. 3. 332x1 ±3.32x1 32x1 (±3.32x10 ±3.53x1 353x1 53x1 (±3.53x1 475x1 ±4.75x1 75x1 (±4.75x10 ±6.26x1 626x1 26x1 (±6.26x1 311x1 ±3.11x1 11x1 (±3.11x10 (1 1:1 15 1:51 (2 2.2 332x ±3.32x 32x (±3.32x1 ±3.53x 353x 53x (±3.53x 475x ±4.75x 75x (±4.75x1 ±6.26x 626x 26x (±6.26x 311x ±3.11x 11x (±3.11x1 ( 1: 1:5 (±3.32x (±4.75x (±3.11x

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the direct and indirect effects of chronic pain, depressive symptoms, frailty components, and functional disability through a pathway analysis approach in a sample of community-dwelling older adults. Methods Data of 419 participants were cross-sectionally evaluated for the presence of depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale [15 items]), physical frailty components (phenotype criteria), chronic pain, and limitations in performing instrumental activities of daily living (functional disability scale by Lawton and Brody). Structural equation modeling via path analysis was used to explore the direct and indirect effects among these four variables. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results Of the total participants, 69.8% were women and 59.3% had low education (1-4 years); the mean age was 80.3±4.6 years. Chronic pain and depressive symptoms were directly related and were associated to frailty. The number of frailty components and depressive symptoms were directly associated with functional disability. Frailty had an indirect effect on the association between chronic pain, depressive symptoms, and functional disabilities. Conclusion The pathway from chronic pain and depressive symptoms to functional disability is potentially mediated by the number of frailty components. communitydwelling community dwelling adults 41 crosssectionally cross sectionally Geriatric 15 [1 items, items , items]) phenotype criteria, criteria criteria) Brody. Brody . Brody) variables p005 p 0 05 p<0.05 698 69 8 69.8 593 59 3 59.3 14 1 4 (1- years years) 80346 80 6 80.3±4. disabilities [ items] p00 p<0.0 69. 5 59. (1 8034 80.3±4 p0 p<0. ( 803 80.3± p<0 80.3 p< 80.

Abstract Chemical and pharmacological potentials of botanical species found in the Cerrado are well-known and widely studied. Chemical diversity of secondary metabolites produced by plants that belong to this Brazilian biome has triggered several studies in the fields of farming, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) from fresh leaves of three species found in the Brazilian Cerrado: Cardiopetalum calophyllum Schltdl. (EO-CC), Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg (EO-CA) and Protium ovatum Engl. (EO-PO) and at determining their anti-Malassezia furfur and anti-inflammatory activities. Both GC-FID and GC-MS showed that the most abundant chemical class of the oils was the one of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. The major constituents identified in EO-CC were germacrene D (34.9%) and bicyclogermacrene (26.8%). EO-CA exhibited mainly germacrene D (21.7%) while EO-PO had high concentrations of germacrene D (25.0%) and γ-muurolene (18.6%). EOs were tested by the broth microdilution method on 96-well microplates and exhibited satisfactory activity against M. furfur, i. e., EO-CA had MIC = 375 µg/mL while EO-CC and EO-PO had MIC = 750 µg/mL. The chemotaxis model, which was used for evaluating their anti-inflammatory activity, showed that EOs exhibited effective results: C. calophyllum (EO-CC; IC50 = 24.4 µg/mL), C. adamantium (EO-CA; IC50 = 15.7 µg/mL) and P. ovatum (EO-PO; IC50 = 32.5 µg/mL). In short, biological activities of EO-CC, EO-CA and EO-PO, such as anti-Malassezia furfur and anti-inflammatory ones, were investigated and described for the first time. wellknown well known studied farming industries Therefore (EOs Schltdl EOCC, EOCC EO CC , (EO-CC) Cambess. Cambess (Cambess. O EOCA CA (EO-CA Engl EOPO PO (EO-PO antiMalassezia anti Malassezia antiinflammatory inflammatory GCFID GC FID GCMS MS hydrocarbons 34.9% 349 34 9 (34.9% 26.8%. 268 26.8% . 26 8 (26.8%) 21.7% 217 21 7 (21.7% 25.0% 250 25 0 (25.0% γmuurolene γ muurolene 18.6%. 186 18.6% 18 6 (18.6%) 96well 96 M i e e. 37 µgmL µg mL 75 model results C (EO-CC IC IC5 244 24 4 24. µg/mL, 157 15 15. P 325 32 5 32. short CC, EOPO, PO, ones time (Cambess 34.9 3 (34.9 26.8 2 (26.8% 21.7 (21.7 25.0 (25.0 18.6 1 (18.6% 34. (34. 26. (26.8 21. (21. 25. (25. 18. (18.6 (34 (26. (21 (25 (18. (3 (26 (2 (18 ( (1

Resumen Nasutitermes corniger es una termita arbórea que causa daños económicos en las zonas urbanas, y su control es mediante insecticidas químicos. Una alternativa para el control de insectos es el uso de hongos entomopatógenos y extractos de plantas, o el efecto sinérgico de la asociación de estos. Se examinó la toxicidad de los extractos acuosos e hidroetanólicos de Agave sisalana sobre los aspectos biológicos de los hongos Cordyceps farinosa, C. fumosorosea y C. javanica y la acción de los extractos y su efecto sinérgico sobre N. corniger. Se evaluó el efecto de los extractos sobre hongos por germinación, esporulación y crecimiento micelial de los hongos en medio Sabouraud mediante el estudio de aspectos biológicos bajo condiciones de laboratorio y se examinó el control de N. corniger, por ingestión de extractos y de la asociación extracto y hongo sobre papel de filtro, siendo el porcentaje de mortalidad de soldados y obreras de la termita diaria. En general, los extractos resultaron inofensivos para los hongos a concentraciones de 10, 25, 50, 100 y 200 mg.mL-1. Los extractos demostraron acciones termiticidas a las concentraciones ensayadas, provocando la mortalidad de alrededor del 100% de los trabajadores después del tercer y sexto día (LC50: 0.778 a 0.803 mg.mL-1) y del 100% de los soldados entre el cuarto y séptimo días (LC50: 0.146 a 0.956 mg.mL-1). La asociación de los extractos con C. farinosa ESALQ1355 fue más eficiente para inducir la mortalidad en N. corniger. Estos resultados demostraron la eficiencia in vitro de los extractos de sisal en el control de las termitas de N. corniger, solas o en combinación con hongos, lo que sugiere su potencial utilidad conjunta en el control biológico de plagas de insectos.

Abstract Nasutitermes corniger is an arboreal termite that causes economic damage in urban areas, and its control is for chemical insecticides. An alternative for insect control is the use of entomopathogenic fungi and plant extracts, or the synergistic effect of the association of these. The toxicity of aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of Agave sisalana on the biological aspects of the fungal Cordyceps farinosa, C. fumosorosea and C. javanica and the action of the extracts and their synergistic effect on N. corniger was examined. The effect of the extracts on fungi was evaluated by germination, sporulation and mycelial growth of fungi in Sabouraud medium through the study of biological aspects under laboratory conditions; and control of N. corniger were examined, by ingestion of extracts and of the association extract plus fungus on filter paper, being the percentage of mortality of soldiers and workers of the termite daily. In general, the extracts were inoffensive to the fungi at concentrations 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg.mL-1. The extracts demonstrated termiticidal actions at concentrations tested, causing the mortalities about 100% of the workers after the third and sixth days (LC50: 0.778 to 0.803 mg.mL-1) and 100% of the soldiers between the fourth and seventh days (LC50:0.146 to 0.956 mg.mL-1). The association of the extracts with C. farinosa ESALQ1355 was more efficient in inducing the mortality in N. corniger. These results demonstrated the efficiency in vitro of the sisal extracts in controlling N. corniger termites, alone or in combination with fungi, suggesting their potential joint usefulness in the biological control of insect pests.