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Synthesis, Antileishmanial Activity, and in silico Study of 2-Hydroxy 3 (1,2,3 triazolyl)propyl Vanillin Derivatives Synthesis Activity 2Hydroxy Hydroxy 2 1,2,3 123 1 (1,2, triazolylpropyl triazolyl propyl 1,2, 12 (1,2 1,2 (1, 1, (1 (
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Santiago, Samira S.
; Freitas, Camila S.
; Costa, Adilson V.
; Oliveira, Mariana B. de
; Faria, Aidene F. C.
; Belarmino, William S.
; Moura, Gisely F.
; Santos, Nayara A. dos
; Romão, Wanderson
; Lacerda Júnior, Valdemar
; Oliveira, Fabrício M. de
; Oliveira, Osmair V.
; Coelho, Eduardo A. F.
; Teixeira, Róbson R.
.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
- Métricas do periódico
This study details the preparation, antileishmanial assay, and in silico analysis of twenty 2-hydroxy-3-(1,2,3-triazolyl)propyl vanillin derivatives. These compounds were synthesized in three steps and evaluated against Leishmania infantum, Leishmania amazonensis, and Leishmania braziliensis promastigotes. Compounds 3s and 3t were the most effective, showing good activity against all Leishmania species tested. Molecular docking indicated that all compounds bind favorably to the sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) enzyme from L. infantum. ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) analysis indicated good oral bioavailability, non blood-brain barrier penetration, and high gastrointestinal absorption. Posaconazole and compounds 3e, 3s, and 3t remained stable in the CYP51 binding region during 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Root mean square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuations (RMSF) analyses from the MD trajectory revealed significant conformational fluctuations of the CYP51 N-terminal, suggesting occasional expulsion of 3e, potentially explaining its higher IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) values. Pairwise decomposition analyses from molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) calculations highlighted the importance of hydrophobic residues in interacting with the synthesized derivatives. preparation assay 2hydroxy31,2,3triazolylpropyl 2hydroxy3123triazolylpropyl hydroxytriazolylpropyl 2 hydroxy 3 1,2,3 triazolyl propyl 1 derivatives infantum amazonensis promastigotes s t effective tested 14αdemethylase αdemethylase 14α demethylase α CYP (CYP51 L absorption, absorption (absorption distribution metabolism toxicity bioavailability bloodbrain blood brain penetration 3e e CYP5 10 (MD simulations RMSD (RMSD RMSF (RMSF Nterminal, Nterminal N terminal, terminal N-terminal IC IC5 halfmaximal half maximal concentration values PoissonBoltzmann Poisson Boltzmann MM/PBSA MMPBSA MM PBSA (MM/PBSA 2hydroxy31 3triazolylpropyl triazolylpropyl 123 1,2, (CYP5 2hydroxy3 12 1,2 (CYP 2hydroxy 1,
2.
El Niño-Southern Oscillation impacts on grape yields in Santana do Livramento, Brazil: understanding and early warning of crop failure conditions NiñoSouthern Niño Southern Livramento Brazil
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Kaltbach, Pedro
; Kaltbach, Suélen Braga de Andrade
; Domingues, Fabrício
; Farias, Paulo Celso de Mello
; Herter, Flávio Gilberto
; Costa, Vagner Brasil
.
ABSTRACT El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an important source of year–to–year fluctuations in the whole global climate system and in the southern Brazilian climate. El Niño events affect this region, imposing unfavorable weather conditions (rainy/humid/overcast) during critical grapevine phenological stages, compromising yields in the current and following crop seasons. The analysis of 29 crop cycles revealed patterns about grape yield oscillations in Santana do Livramento, Campanha Gaúcha, RS, Brazil. Yield deviations showed correlations with the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) 3 months running means centered in November. La Niña events correlate with yield oscillations close to or above the tendency line. El Niño events are linked to various results, including the lowest and the highest yields. The four largest crop failures happened in El Niño events, while the three most severe of them happened in cases of early El Niño consolidation. The seven lowest yields were linked to El Niño, or low or descending yields in the previous year (s), or all these factors combined. Simple criteria allowing early warning of crop failure conditions were defined: ONI (or the monthly Niño - 3.4 Index) ≥ +0.5 °C in July (or earlier); and low or descending yields in the previous year (s). NiñoSouthern Southern ENSO (ENSO yeartoyear region rainy/humid/overcast rainyhumidovercast rainy humid overcast (rainy/humid/overcast stages seasons 2 Livramento Gaúcha RS Brazil (ONI November line results consolidation s, s , (s) combined defined 34 4 3. 05 0 5 +0. C earlier earlier) s. . (s +0 +
3.
Synthesis and Evaluation of the Antileishmanial Activity of Novel Eugenol Analogs Containing 1,2,3-Triazole Fragments against Intracellular Leishmania braziliensis 1,2,3Triazole 123Triazole Triazole 1,2,3 1 2 3 3Triazole 123 1,2, 12 1,2 1,
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Evangelista, Roberta S.
; Pereira, Larissa C.
; Souza, Luciana Â. de
; Costa, Adilson V.
; Silva, Danilo A. da
; Oliveira, Fabrício M. de
; Vaz, Boniek G.
; Bressan, Gustavo C.
; Fietto, Juliana L. R.
; Teixeira, Róbson R.
.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
- Métricas do periódico
This investigation describes the synthesis of eugenol analogs presenting 1,2,3-triazole fragments and evaluation of their antileishmanial activity. The alkylation of guaiacol (1) with allyl bromide afforded 1-(allyloxy)-2-methoxybenzene (2) (93% yield). The Claisen rearrangement conducted with 1 gave ortho eugenol (3) (82% yield). Alkylation procedures performed with 3 produced 1-allyl-3-methoxy-2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)benzene (4) (73% yield) and 1-allyl-3-methoxy-2-(pent-4-yn-1-yloxy)benzene (6) (53% yield). The copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions involving alkynes 4 and 6 with different benzylic azides afforded twenty-two eugenol analogs with 1,2,3-triazole functionalities (48-93% yield). We screened the compounds at 10 μmol L 1 against Leishmania braziliensis intracellular amastigotes during macrophage infection. The action of these compounds was compared with the known leishmanicidal drug amphotericin B. None of the analogs were toxic to macrophages at 10 μmol L-1. The cytotoxic concentration at 50% (CC50), effective concentration at 50% (EC50), and selectivity index (SI) were determined to the best compounds 4-((2-allyl-6-methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1 H-1,2,3-triazole (8c) and 4-((2-allyl-6-methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4-trifluoromethoxybenzyl)-1 H-1,2,3-triazole (8h). They showed a significant leishmanicidal effect, with EC50 of 28.09 µmol L-1 (8c) and 52.03 µmol L-1 (8h). The SIs were 9.7 for 8c and > 5.7 for 8h. These compounds have the potential as new leishmanicidal agents against L. braziliensis and may represent a starting point for the development of alternative treatments for cutaneous leishmaniasis. 1,2,3triazole 123triazole triazole 1,2,3 2 activity (1 1allyloxy2methoxybenzene allyloxymethoxybenzene allyloxy methoxybenzene (2 93% 93 (93 yield. yield . (3 82% 82 (82 1allyl3methoxy2prop2yn1yloxybenzene allylmethoxypropynyloxybenzene methoxy prop yn yloxy benzene (4 73% 73 (73 1allyl3methoxy2pent4yn1yloxybenzene allylmethoxypentynyloxybenzene pent (6 53% 53 (53 copperIcatalyzed copper I catalyzed alkyneazide alkyne azide CuAAC (CuAAC twentytwo twenty two 4893% 4893 48 (48-93 infection B L1. L1 1. 50 CC50, CC50 CC , (CC50) EC50, EC (EC50) SI (SI 42allyl6methoxyphenoxymethyl14chlorobenzyl1 allylmethoxyphenoxymethylchlorobenzyl phenoxymethyl chlorobenzyl 4-((2-allyl-6-methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)- H1,2,3triazole H123triazole Htriazole H c (8c 42allyl6methoxyphenoxymethyl14trifluoromethoxybenzyl1 allylmethoxyphenoxymethyltrifluoromethoxybenzyl trifluoromethoxybenzyl 4-((2-allyl-6-methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4-trifluoromethoxybenzyl)- 8h h (8h) effect EC5 2809 28 09 28.0 L- 5203 52 03 52.0 97 9 7 9. 57 5 5. leishmaniasis 3triazole 123 1,2, ( (9 8 (8 yloxybenzene (7 (5 489 (48-9 CC5 (CC50 (EC50 methoxyphenoxymethyl 42allyl6methoxyphenoxymethyl14chlorobenzyl 4-((2-allyl-6-methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl) H1 42allyl6methoxyphenoxymethyl14trifluoromethoxybenzyl 4-((2-allyl-6-methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4-trifluoromethoxybenzyl) (8h 280 0 28. 520 52. 12 1,2 (48- (CC5 (EC5 4-((2-allyl-6-methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl 4-((2-allyl-6-methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4-trifluoromethoxybenzyl 1, (48 (CC (EC
4.
Biomechanical and microbiological analysis of embalmed cats – acute effect of conservation
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QUEIROZ, ANDRÉA B.P.S.
; RODRIGUES, ALESSANDRA
; CARDOZO, MARITA V.
; COSTA, NATÁLIA T.B.
; SOARES, LAURA G.
; FECHIS, ALISSON D.S.
; OLIVEIRA, FABRÍCIO S.
.
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
- Métricas do periódico
Abstract Animals corpses in teaching and research institutions could be sources of infection for students and teachers when applied for dissection and surgical practice. This research aimed to evaluate cats’ corpses’ conservation using a new anatomic technique and vacuum package for seven days, aiming surgical practicing. A 150 mL/kg of alcohol with 5% glycerin and 120 mL/kg of a 20% sodium chloride, 1% nitrite, and 1% sodium nitrate solution was injected on corpses sealed in vacuum packages and put on 0 to 4°C. Skin and jejunum were collected on day 0 (fresh samples/control), and traction analysis was performed for seven consecutive days. On the last day, the liquid in the plastic bags was microbiologically analyzed. There was no statistical difference between control and conservation moments (D1 and D2) in maximal rupture force of the skin, and jejunum was similar to control in D2, D4, and D6. The microbial population did not exceed 6.0x104CFU/mL in total aerobics and 4.8x104CFU/mL in total anaerobes. Biomechanics was not significantly affected, and the microbiological count was low during conservation, demonstrating the possible effectiveness of this anatomical technique for surgery training.
5.
Effects of the habitat on anuran blood parasites in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon
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PINHO, SÍLVIA R.C.
; RODRÍGUEZ-MÁLAGA, SÉRGIO
; LOZANO-OSORIO, RODRIGO
; CORREA, FABRÍCIO S.
; SILVA, IAGO B.
; SANTOS-COSTA, MARIA C.
.
Abstract Biological interactions play an important role in regulating and maintaining natural populations. Like most interactions, parasitism may be influenced by environmental conditions. Therefore, changes caused by human activity may drastically affect the equilibrium of the assemblages of parasitized organisms (hosts). Herein, we described the composition of hemoparasites of anurans from two distinct environments: forest and oil palm plantations. We identified the most frequent groups of blood parasites, and whether infections differ between habitats (forest and plantation) and between microhabitats (arboreal or terrestrial). We collected 128 anurans, of which 46 (36%) were parasitized by hemoparasites. The genus Trypanosoma spp. was found in 30% (n = 37/128) of the infected anurans in both habitats, recorded mostly in terrestrial anurans in oil palm plantations. Apicomplexa hemoprotozoans were also found in 13% (n=17/128) of the anurans, which mainly were terrestrial species collected in oil palm plantations. There was no difference in parasitism between the two assemblies and between the studied microhabitats. This is the first study that has analyzed the ecological relationship between anurans as hosts and their blood parasites, in a region under intense anthropic pressure, in the Brazilian Amazon.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120201703
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6.
Analysis of future climate scenarios for northeastern Brazil and implications for human thermal comfort
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COSTA, RAFAELA L.
; BAPTISTA, GUSTAVO M.M.
; GOMES, HELIOFÁBIO B.
; SILVA, FABRÍCIO D.S.
; ROCHA JÚNIOR, RODRIGO L. DA
; NEDEL, ANDERSON S.
.
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
- Métricas do periódico
Abstract A thermal comfort index for the Northeast of Brazil was analyzed for two scenarios of climatic changes, A1B and A2, for 2021-2080, and compared with the reference period 1961-1990. A technique of regionalization was applied to rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature data from meteorological stations, obtained by statistical downscaling of projections from four global climate models. The results pointed to a significant reduction of rainfall and an increase of temperature for three different climatically homogeneous subregions. Regarding the thermal comfort index, the results point to an increase in days with heat discomfort between 2021 and 2080. In the northern portion, the higher percentage of days with heat discomfort will be significant since the first half of the period under appreciation, i.e., from 2021 to 2050. Conversely, in the eastern of northeastern Brazil, the increase of days with heat discomfort should happen in the period from 2051 to 2080, whereas the central-western part of the region, which, in the reference period, had recorded less than 1% of days with heat discomfort, might see an elevation of that percentage to 7% between 2021 and 2050, potentially reaching 48% of its days made uncomfortable by heat between 2051 and 2080.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120190651
737 downloads
7.
The Program for Biodiversity Research in Brazil: The role of regional networks for biodiversity knowledge, dissemination, and conservation
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ROSA, CLARISSA
; BACCARO, FABRICIO
; CRONEMBERGER, CECILIA
; HIPÓLITO, JULIANA
; BARROS, CLAUDIA FRANCA
; RODRIGUES, DOMINGOS DE JESUS
; NECKEL-OLIVEIRA, SELVINO
; OVERBECK, GERHARD E.
; DRECHSLER-SANTOS, ELISANDRO RICARDO
; ANJOS, MARCELO RODRIGUES DOS
; FERREGUETTI, ÁTILLA C.
; AKAMA, ALBERTO
; MARTINS, MARLÚCIA BONIFÁCIO
; TOMAS, WALFRIDO MORAES
; SANTOS, SANDRA APARECIDA
; FERREIRA, VANDA LÚCIA
; CUNHA, CATIA NUNES DA
; PENHA, JERRY
; PINHO, JOÃO BATISTA DE
; SALIS, SUZANA MARIA
; DORIA, CAROLINA RODRIGUES DA COSTA
; PILLAR, VALÉRIO D.
; PODGAISKI, LUCIANA R.
; MENIN, MARCELO
; BÍGIO, NARCÍSIO COSTA
; ARAGÓN, SUSAN
; MANZATTO, ANGELO GILBERTO
; VÉLEZ-MARTIN, EDUARDO
; SILVA, ANA CAROLINA BORGES LINS E
; IZZO, THIAGO JUNQUEIRA
; MORTATI, AMANDA FREDERICO
; GIACOMIN, LEANDRO LACERDA
; ALMEIDA, THAÍS ELIAS
; ANDRÉ, THIAGO
; SILVEIRA, MARIA AUREA PINHEIRO DE ALMEIDA
; SILVEIRA, ANTÔNIO LAFFAYETE PIRES DA
; MESSIAS, MARILUCE REZENDE
; MARQUES, MARCIA C.M.
; PADIAL, ANDRE ANDRIAN
; MARQUES, RENATO
; BITAR, YOUSZEF O.C.
; SILVEIRA, MARCOS
; MORATO, ELDER FERREIRA
; PAGOTTO, RUBIANI DE CÁSSIA
; STRUSSMANN, CHRISTINE
; MACHADO, RICARDO BOMFIM
; AGUIAR, LUDMILLA MOURA DE SOUZA
; FERNANDES, GERALDO WILSON
; OKI, YUMI
; NOVAIS, SAMUEL
; FERREIRA, GUILHERME BRAGA
; BARBOSA, FLÁVIA RODRIGUES
; OCHOA, ANA C.
; MANGIONE, ANTONIO M.
; GATICA, AILIN
; CARRIZO, MARÍA CELINA
; RETTA, LUCÍA MARTINEZ
; JOFRÉ, LAURA E.
; CASTILLO, LUCIANA L.
; NEME, ANDREA M.
; RUEDA, CARLA
; TOLEDO, JOSÉ JULIO DE
; GRELLE, CARLOS EDUARDO VIVEIROS
; VALE, MARIANA M.
; VIEIRA, MARCUS VINICIUS
; CERQUEIRA, RUI
; HIGASHIKAWA, EMÍLIO MANABU
; MENDONÇA, FERNANDO PEREIRA DE
; GUERREIRO, QUÊZIA LEANDRO DE MOURA
; BANHOS, AUREO
; HERO, JEAN-MARC
; KOBLITZ, RODRIGO
; COLLEVATTI, ROSANE GARCIA
; SILVEIRA, LUÍS FÁBIO
; VASCONCELOS, HERALDO L.
; VIEIRA, CECÍLIA RODRIGUES
; COLLI, GUARINO RINALDI
; CECHIN, SONIA ZANINI
; SANTOS, TIAGO GOMES DOS
; FONTANA, CARLA S.
; JARENKOW, JOÃO A.
; MALABARBA, LUIZ R.
; RUEDA, MARTA P.
; ARAUJO, PUBLIO A.
; PALOMO, LUCAS
; ITURRE, MARTA C.
; BERGALLO, HELENA GODOY
; MAGNUSSON, WILLIAM E.
.
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
- Métricas do periódico
Abstract The Program for Biodiversity Research (PPBio) is an innovative program designed to integrate all biodiversity research stakeholders. Operating since 2004, it has installed long-term ecological research sites throughout Brazil and its logic has been applied in some other southern-hemisphere countries. The program supports all aspects of research necessary to understand biodiversity and the processes that affect it. There are presently 161 sampling sites (see some of them at Supplementary Appendix), most of which use a standardized methodology that allows comparisons across biomes and through time. To date, there are about 1200 publications associated with PPBio that cover topics ranging from natural history to genetics and species distributions. Most of the field data and metadata are available through PPBio web sites or DataONE. Metadata is available for researchers that intend to explore the different faces of Brazilian biodiversity spatio-temporal variation, as well as for managers intending to improve conservation strategies. The Program also fostered, directly and indirectly, local technical capacity building, and supported the training of hundreds of undergraduate and graduate students. The main challenge is maintaining the long-term funding necessary to understand biodiversity patterns and processes under pressure from global environmental changes.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120201604
1034 downloads
8.
Phytochemical screening and biological assays of ethanolic leaf extract of Senna rugosa
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Cunha, Letícia Figueiredo
; Costa, Camila Marques
; Barroso, Poliana Ribeiro
; Kato, Kelly Cristina
; Oliveira, Fabrício de
; Mendonça Filho, Carlos Victor
; Grael, Cristiane Fernanda Fuzer
; Gregório, Luiz Elídio
; Campos, Fernanda Fraga
; Oliveira, Patrícia Machado de
; Oliveira, Danilo Bretas de
; Ruela, Fernando Armini
; Martins, Helen Rodrigues
.
Resumo Senna rugosa (Fabaceae) é uma espécie comum do território brasileiro, especialmente no Cerrado. É amplamente utilizado na medicina popular, embora ainda não tenha sido investigada quanto aos seus fitoconstituintes e atividades farmacológicas. Neste estudo, foram realizadas as análises fitoquímicas preliminares do extrato etanólico de folhas de S. rugosa e sua citotoxicidade, atividade antitumoral e antimicrobiana (antibacteriana, antifúngica, anti-Trypanosoma e anti-Leishmania). O extrato bruto foi analisado em HPLC-DAD e as frações foram caracterizadas usando técnicas de GC-MS e ESI-MS. Os resultados indicam a presença majoritária de compostos fenólicos, incluindo flavonóis, antraquinonas e derivados de antronas. Atividades antimicrobianas foram detectadas contra as espécies Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida famata, Candida krusei e Candida tropicalis. Além disso, uma fraca atividade anti-tripanossomatídeos contra as cepas M2269 e BH46 de Leishmania sp. Uma atividade antitumoral foi identificada, porém também foi observada uma toxicidade sobre células de fibroblastos (L929). Fitoquimicamente, os resultados fornecem evidências de que compostos fenólicos nas folhas de S. rugosa podem ser os responsáveis pela sua atividade antimicrobiana e pela toxicidade celular observada em nosso estudo.
Abstract Senna rugosa (Fabaceae) is a common specie of the Brazilian territory, especially in the Cerrado biome. It is widely used in the popular medicine although not yet adequately investigated as to its phytoconstituents and pharmacological activities. In this study, the preliminary phytochemical analysis of ethanolic leaf extract of S. rugosa was performed and its cytotoxicity, antitumoral and antimicrobial activities (antibacterial, antifungal, anti-Trypanosoma and anti-Leishmania) were evaluated. The crude extract was analyzed in HPLC-DAD and fractions were also characterized using GC-MS and ESI-MS techniques. Results indicate phenolic compounds majority presence, including flavonol, anthraquinone and anthrones derivatives. Relative antimicrobial activities were detected against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida famata, Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis. As well as, a weak anti-trypanosomatids activity against M2269 strain and BH46 strain of Leishmania sp. A relative antitumoral activity was also identified but in counterpoint were also observed a toxicity in fibroblast cells (L929). Phytochemically, results provide evidence that phenolic compounds in S. rugosa leaves might be the responsible for its antimicrobial activity and cell toxicity inferred in our research.
https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202071051
1142 downloads
9.
New records of Boana icamiaba (Anura: Hylidae) in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest
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Anjos, Samuel F. dos
; Wronski, Wanne S. S.
; Anjos, Samuel F. dos
; Wronski, Wanne S. S.
; Penhacek, Marcos
; Noronha, Janaina da Costa
; Pinto, Karll C.
; Oda, Fabrício H.
; Rodrigues, Domingos J.
.
RESUMEN Boana icamiaba es una especie de anura amazónica descrita recientemente para localidades de la mitad inferior del Río Madeira-Río Tapajós y de los interfluvios de los Ríos Tapajós y Xingu, en los municipios de Juruti, Altamira, Santarém y Itaituba, estado de Pará, norte de Brasil. Proporcionamos los primeros registros de Boana icamiaba en los estados de Mato Grosso y Rondônia, centro y norte de Brasil. Estos registros amplían la distribución conocida a aproximadamente 470 km hacia el sur y cerca de 886 km al suroeste de la localidad más cercana anteriormente registrada.
ABSTRACT Boana icamiaba is an Amazonian anuran species reported for sites in the mid-lower Madeira-Rio Tapajós River and lower Tapajós-Rio, and Xingu River interfluves - municipalities of Juruti, Altamira, Santarém, and Itaituba, state of Pará, northern Brazil. We provided the first records of Boana icamiaba for the states of Mato Grosso and Rondônia, central and northern Brazil, which enlarges the knowledge on its distribution in approximately 470 km southmost and circa 886 km southwestmost from the nearest previously recorded locality.
https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v41n2.74225
323 downloads
10.
Combination of fixative agents and fixation times to visually differentiate the cortical from the medullary layer in bovine adrenal glands
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OLIVEIRA, FABRÍCIO S.
; MACITELLI, FERNANDA
; SANTOS, CAIO C.C.
; BRAGA, JANAINA S.
; COSTA, BARBARA C.
; PASTORE, MARINA
; ROCHA, THIAGO A.S.S.
; COSTA, MATEUS J.R.P. DA
.
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
- Métricas do periódico
Abstract Chronic stress exposure commonly increases adrenals weight and changes their morphology. This study aimed to compare four methods to delimitate the cortical and medullary layers of adrenals glands in Nelore bulls. Fresh adrenals did not present differentiation between layers. Then, frozen adrenals were distributed in plastics bags with fixative Bouin (G1), 96ºGL ethylic alcohol (G2), 10% formaldehyde (G3), or 2.5% glutaraldehyde (G4). After 12 hours of fixation, the G1 adrenal glands did not show the entire cortical layer marked by Bouin’s solution. For G2 and G3 there was a poor contrast, while for G4 there was a reasonable contrast. After 24 hours of fixation, G1 had an excellent contrast between layers, while G2 and G4 had a reasonable contrast and G3 a very bad contrast. After 48 hours it was difficult to differentiate cortical and medullar layers for G1; for Group 2 we get a reasonable contrast; and for G3 the contrast was bad. For G4 the contrast was not as sharp due to the medulla became dark. It was concluded that fixation of adrenals must be done in Bouin’s solution for 24 hours to obtain an effective evaluation of the adrenals’ morphometry.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820170941
670 downloads
11.
Effects of cryoprotectants and low temperatures on hatching and abnormal embryo development of Prochilodus lineatus (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae)
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Costa, Raphael S.
; Souza, Fabrício M. S. de
; Senhorini, José A.
; Veríssimo-Silveira, Rosicleire
; Ninhaus-Silveira, Alexandre
.
RESUMO Este estudo avaliou os efeitos dos crioprotetores e das baixas temperaturas no desenvolvimento embrionário de Prochilodus lineatus, descrevendo suas principais alterações morfológicas. Nos testes de sensibilidade ao frio, as taxas de sobrevivência, no estágio de vinte somitos (20S), foram de 53,6% a 0ºC e 100% a 5ºC. Nos testes de toxicidade, os embriões foram expostos a uma série graduada dos crioprotetores: 1,2-Propanediol (PROP), dimetilsulfóxido (Me2SO4) e glicerol (GLY), terminando em uma combinação de alta osmolaridade. Não houve diferença significativa na sobrevivência dos embriões nas séries do PROP e Me2SO4 nos estágios de 6S e 20S. Nos protocolos de resfriamento, foram avaliados os efeitos da baixa temperatura associados as séries crioprotetoras. A 5ºC, o PROP apresentou taxas de sobrevivência acima de 75% no estádio de gástrula (G) e acima de 90% nos estádios 6S e 20S. Foram observadas altas taxas de anormalidades sendo as mais recorrentes: corpos pequenos, nadadeiras apresentando crescimento celular descontrolado, ruptura da membrana e retração vitelínica. Estes resultados demonstram a necessidade do uso das soluções crioprotetoras, mesmo não havendo nucleação de gelo e, em contrapartida, demonstra que as elevadas concentrações crioprotetoras promovem numerosas lesões morfológicas, comprometendo o desenvolvimento embrionário.
ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effect of the cryoprotectants and the low temperatures on the embryonic development of Prochilodus lineatus, describing their main morphological alterations. On chilling sensitivity test, the survival rates at the twenty somites stage (20S) were 53.6% at 0ºC, and 100% in 5ºC. To test toxicity, the embryos were exposed to a graded series of 1,2-Propanediol (PROP), dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO4) and glycerol (GLY), terminating in a solution of high osmolarity. There was no significant difference in the embryos survival of toxicity test between series of PROP and Me2SO4 in the 6S and 20S. In the cooling protocols, were evaluated the effects of low temperature associated with cryoprotectants. At 5ºC, PROP showed survival rates above 75% in the gastrula stage (G) and above 90% in the 6S and 20S stages. High rates of abnormalities were observed, and the most recurrent were: small bodies, fins presenting uncontrolled cell growth, membrane rupture, and retraction. These results demonstrate the need to use cryoprotectant solutions, even when there is no ice nucleation, and, on the other hand, shows that high cryoprotectant concentrations promote numerous morphological lesions, compromising normal embryonic development.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20170043
1296 downloads
12.
Worse prognosis in breast cancer patients can be predicted by immunohistochemical analysis of positive MMP-2 and negative estrogen and progesterone receptors
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Ramos, Edneia A. S.
; Silva, Camila T. da
; Manica, Graciele C. M.
; Pereira, Isabela T.
; Klassen, Liliane M. B.
; Ribeiro, Enilze M. S. F.
; Cavalli, Iglenir J.
; Braun-Prado, Karin
; Lima, Rubens S.
; Urban, Cicero A.
; Costa, Fabrício F.
; Noronha, Lucia de
; Klassen, Giseli
.
Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira
- Métricas do periódico
Resumo Introdução: o câncer de mama é a segunda causa de morte no mundo, sendo 90% dessas mortes decorrentes de metástases. A metaloprotease de matriz 2 (MMP-2) possui atividade de gelatinase capaz de degradar o principal constituinte do microambiente tumoral, o colágeno do tipo IV. Há duas proteínas bem estabelecidas utilizadas como marcadores na prática clínica para o câncer de mama, os receptores de estrógeno (RE) e de progesterona (RP). Embora a presença desses receptores tenha sido associada a um melhor prognóstico, a perda delas pode ocorrer durante a progressão do tumor, com subsequente resistência à terapia hormonal. Objetivo: analisar a correlação entre as proteínas MMP-2, RE e RP por imuno-histoquímica e estabelecer o processo metastático em tumores de mama primários. Método: amostras de tumor de mama (n=44) foram analisadas por imuno-histoquímica para MMP-2, receptor de estrógeno e progesterona. Resultados: observou-se que 90% das pacientes que tinham metástases e morreram apresentaram coloração positiva para a MMP-2 (p=0,0082 para ambos). Usando a análise de Kaplan-Meier, verificou-se que as pacientes RE negativas, também positivas para MMP-2, apresentaram sobrevida livre de doença (SLD) e sobrevida global (SG) (p=0,012 e p=0,005, respectivamente) piores quando comparadas às pacientes MMP-2 negativas. Resultados semelhantes foram encontrados em pacientes RP negativas para SLD (p=0,077) e SG (p=0,038). Conclusão: embora o número de amostras avaliadas tenha sido baixo (n=44), esses dados iniciais permitem inferir que a MMP-2 em combinação com os marcadores já bem estabelecidos poderia ajudar na previsão do surgimento de metástase e morte em pacientes com câncer de mama.
Summary Introduction: Breast cancer is the most cause of death, and approximately 90% of these deaths are due to metastases. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) gelatinase activity is able to degrade a major constituent of the tumor microenvironment, type IV collagen. Two well-established proteins used as markers in clinical practice for breast cancer are the receptors for estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR). Although the presence of these receptors has been associated with a better prognosis, loss of these proteins can occur during tumor progression, with subsequent resistance to hormone therapy. Objective: To study the correlation among MMP-2, ER, and PR, as well as the establishment of the metastatic process in primary breast tumors. Method: Breast cancer samples (n=44) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for MMP-2, ER, and PR. Results: We observed that 90% of patients who had metastases and died showed positive staining for MMP-2 (p=0.0082 for both). Using Kaplan-Meier analysis, we found that negative ER patients who were also positive for MMP-2 had even worse disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) (p= 0.012 and p=0.005, respectively). Similar results were found in PR-negative patients for DFS (a trend p=0.077) and OS (p=0.038). Conclusion: Regardless of our small sample size (n=44), the data obtained strongly suggest that MMP-2 in combination with already well-established markers could help to predict the emergence of metastases and death in patients with breast cancer.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.62.08.774
2753 downloads
13.
Medicalização: uma crítica (im)pertinente? Introdução
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Physis: Revista de Saúde Coletiva
- Métricas do periódico
No artigo, interrogamos o conceito de medicalização, explorando as possibilidades abertas pelos escritos de Michel Foucault. A partir desse referencial, buscamos analisar a Medicina enquanto uma estratégia de saber e poder que responde a múltiplos e variados interesses em disputa no campo social. Realizamos breve levantamento sobre algumas concepções centrais concernentes à tradição crítica do fenômeno da medicalização e procuramos, sob a influência dos estudos arqueogenealógicos foucaultianos, repensar algumas dessas afirmações. Dialogamos, complementarmente, com autores que vêm realizando, no Brasil e no exterior, um esforço de reflexão crítica sobre a medicalização, discutindo, entre outros, o uso genérico do conceito, seu caráter produtivo, a inexistência de um sentido a priori e a atualização do fenômeno nos dias atuais através da proposição do conceito de biomedicalização. Concluímos destacando a existência de uma multiplicidade de leituras e formulações sobre o conceito de medicalização, reconhecendo no interior dessas vertentes de conhecimento fortalezas e fragilidades que devem ser amplamente discutidas e analisadas, buscando maior precisão teórica, necessária para se evitar equívocos e potencializar o uso do conceito.
In this article, we argue about the concept of medicalization, exploring the possibilities offered by it visiting Michel Foucault's works. From this framework, we analyzed medicine as a strategy of knowledge and power that responds to a variety of interests. We conducted a brief survey of some central concepts concerning the critical tradition of medicalization. We did also an investigation under the influence of archeologic and genealogic Foucaultian studies. We rethought some of these claims. We also did a dialogue, with Brazilian authors, as an effort of critical reflection on medicalization. We discussed the generic use of the concept, its productive potency, its apriori absence of a meaning and updated the actual medicalization phenomenon by proposing the concept of biomedicalization. We concluded that there is a multiplicity of readings and potencies on the concept of medicalization, recognizing within these concepts its strengths and weaknesses. Medicalization should be more profoundly discussed. It will encourage a greater theoretical precision of the concept, avoid misunderstandings and enhance the concept use and practice.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-73312015000400011
24040 downloads
14.
Medicalização: uma crítica (im)pertinente? Introdução
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Physis: Revista de Saúde Coletiva
- Métricas do periódico
No artigo, interrogamos o conceito de medicalização, explorando as possibilidades abertas pelos escritos de Michel Foucault. A partir desse referencial, buscamos analisar a Medicina enquanto uma estratégia de saber e poder que responde a múltiplos e variados interesses em disputa no campo social. Realizamos breve levantamento sobre algumas concepções centrais concernentes à tradição crítica do fenômeno da medicalização e procuramos, sob a influência dos estudos arqueogenealógicos foucaultianos, repensar algumas dessas afirmações. Dialogamos, complementarmente, com autores que vêm realizando, no Brasil e no exterior, um esforço de reflexão crítica sobre a medicalização, discutindo, entre outros, o uso genérico do conceito, seu caráter produtivo, a inexistência de um sentido a priori e a atualização do fenômeno nos dias atuais através da proposição do conceito de biomedicalização. Concluímos destacando a existência de uma multiplicidade de leituras e formulações sobre o conceito de medicalização, reconhecendo no interior dessas vertentes de conhecimento fortalezas e fragilidades que devem ser amplamente discutidas e analisadas, buscando maior precisão teórica, necessária para se evitar equívocos e potencializar o uso do conceito.
In this article, we argue about the concept of medicalization, exploring the possibilities offered by it visiting Michel Foucault's works. From this framework, we analyzed medicine as a strategy of knowledge and power that responds to a variety of interests. We conducted a brief survey of some central concepts concerning the critical tradition of medicalization. We did also an investigation under the influence of archeologic and genealogic Foucaultian studies. We rethought some of these claims. We also did a dialogue, with Brazilian authors, as an effort of critical reflection on medicalization. We discussed the generic use of the concept, its productive potency, its apriori absence of a meaning and updated the actual medicalization phenomenon by proposing the concept of biomedicalization. We concluded that there is a multiplicity of readings and potencies on the concept of medicalization, recognizing within these concepts its strengths and weaknesses. Medicalization should be more profoundly discussed. It will encourage a greater theoretical precision of the concept, avoid misunderstandings and enhance the concept use and practice.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-73312015000400011
1204 downloads
15.
Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil
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Zappi, Daniela C.
; Filardi, Fabiana L. Ranzato
; Leitman, Paula
; Souza, Vinícius C.
; Walter, Bruno M.T.
; Pirani, José R.
; Morim, Marli P.
; Queiroz, Luciano P.
; Cavalcanti, Taciana B.
; Mansano, Vidal F.
; Forzza, Rafaela C.
; Abreu, Maria C.
; Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro
; Agra, Maria F.
; Almeida Jr., Eduardo B.
; Almeida, Gracineide S.S.
; Almeida, Rafael F.
; Alves, Flávio M.
; Alves, Marccus
; Alves-Araujo, Anderson
; Amaral, Maria C.E.
; Amorim, André M.
; Amorim, Bruno
; Andrade, Ivanilza M.
; Andreata, Regina H.P.
; Andrino, Caroline O.
; Anunciação, Elisete A.
; Aona, Lidyanne Y.S.
; Aranguren, Yani
; Aranha Filho, João L.M.
; Araújo, Andrea O.
; Araújo, Ariclenes A.M.
; Araújo, Diogo
; Arbo, María M.
; Assis, Leandro
; Assis, Marta C.
; Assunção, Vivian A.
; Athiê-Souza, Sarah M.
; Azevedo, Cecilia O.
; Baitello, João B.
; Barberena, Felipe F.V.A.
; Barbosa, Maria R.V.
; Barros, Fábio
; Barros, Lucas A.V.
; Barros, Michel J.F.
; Baumgratz, José F.A.
; Bernacci, Luis C.
; Berry, Paul E.
; Bigio, Narcísio C.
; Biral, Leonardo
; Bittrich, Volker
; Borges, Rafael A.X.
; Bortoluzzi, Roseli L.C.
; Bove, Cláudia P.
; Bovini, Massimo G.
; Braga, João M.A.
; Braz, Denise M.
; Bringel Jr., João B.A.
; Bruniera, Carla P.
; Buturi, Camila V.
; Cabral, Elza
; Cabral, Fernanda N.
; Caddah, Mayara K.
; Caires, Claudenir S.
; Calazans, Luana S.B.
; Calió, Maria F.
; Camargo, Rodrigo A.
; Campbell, Lisa
; Canto-Dorow, Thais S.
; Carauta, Jorge P.P.
; Cardiel, José M.
; Cardoso, Domingos B.O.S.
; Cardoso, Leandro J.T.
; Carneiro, Camila R.
; Carneiro, Cláudia E.
; Carneiro-Torres, Daniela S.
; Carrijo, Tatiana T.
; Caruzo, Maria B.R.
; Carvalho, Maria L.S.
; Carvalho-Silva, Micheline
; Castello, Ana C.D.
; Cavalheiro, Larissa
; Cervi, Armando C.
; Chacon, Roberta G.
; Chautems, Alain
; Chiavegatto, Berenice
; Chukr, Nádia S.
; Coelho, Alexa A.O.P.
; Coelho, Marcus A.N.
; Coelho, Rubens L.G.
; Cordeiro, Inês
; Cordula, Elizabeth
; Cornejo, Xavier
; Côrtes, Ana L.A.
; Costa, Andrea F.
; Costa, Fabiane N.
; Costa, Jorge A.S.
; Costa, Leila C.
; Costa-e-Silva, Maria B.
; Costa-Lima, James L.
; Cota, Maria R.C.
; Couto, Ricardo S.
; Daly, Douglas C.
; De Stefano, Rodrigo D.
; De Toni, Karen
; Dematteis, Massimiliano
; Dettke, Greta A.
; Di Maio, Fernando R.
; Dórea, Marcos C.
; Duarte, Marília C.
; Dutilh, Julie H.A.
; Dutra, Valquíria F.
; Echternacht, Lívia
; Eggers, Lilian
; Esteves, Gerleni
; Ezcurra, Cecilia
; Falcão Junior, Marcus J.A.
; Feres, Fabíola
; Fernandes, José M.
; Ferreira, D.M.C.
; Ferreira, Fabrício M.
; Ferreira, Gabriel E.
; Ferreira, Priscila P.A.
; Ferreira, Silvana C.
; Ferrucci, Maria S.
; Fiaschi, Pedro
; Filgueiras, Tarciso S.
; Firens, Marcela
; Flores, Andreia S.
; Forero, Enrique
; Forster, Wellington
; Fortuna-Perez, Ana P.
; Fortunato, Reneé H.
; Fraga, Cléudio N.
; França, Flávio
; Francener, Augusto
; Freitas, Joelcio
; Freitas, Maria F.
; Fritsch, Peter W.
; Furtado, Samyra G.
; Gaglioti, André L.
; Garcia, Flávia C.P.
; Germano Filho, Pedro
; Giacomin, Leandro
; Gil, André S.B.
; Giulietti, Ana M.
; A.P.Godoy, Silvana
; Goldenberg, Renato
; Gomes da Costa, Géssica A.
; Gomes, Mário
; Gomes-Klein, Vera L.
; Gonçalves, Eduardo Gomes
; Graham, Shirley
; Groppo, Milton
; Guedes, Juliana S.
; Guimarães, Leonardo R.S.
; Guimarães, Paulo J.F.
; Guimarães, Elsie F.
; Gutierrez, Raul
; Harley, Raymond
; Hassemer, Gustavo
; Hattori, Eric K.O.
; Hefler, Sonia M.
; Heiden, Gustavo
; Henderson, Andrew
; Hensold, Nancy
; Hiepko, Paul
; Holanda, Ana S.S.
; Iganci, João R.V.
; Imig, Daniela C.
; Indriunas, Alexandre
; Jacques, Eliane L.
; Jardim, Jomar G.
; Kamer, Hiltje M.
; Kameyama, Cíntia
; Kinoshita, Luiza S.
; Kirizawa, Mizué
; Klitgaard, Bente B.
; Koch, Ingrid
; Koschnitzke, Cristiana
; Krauss, Nathália P.
; Kriebel, Ricardo
; Kuntz, Juliana
; Larocca, João
; Leal, Eduardo S.
; Lewis, Gwilym P.
; Lima, Carla T.
; Lima, Haroldo C.
; Lima, Itamar B.
; Lima, Laíce F.G.
; Lima, Laura C.P.
; Lima, Leticia R.
; Lima, Luís F.P.
; Lima, Rita B.
; Lírio, Elton J.
; Liro, Renata M.
; Lleras, Eduardo
; Lobão, Adriana
; Loeuille, Benoit
; Lohmann, Lúcia G.
; Loiola, Maria I.B.
; Lombardi, Julio A.
; Longhi-Wagner, Hilda M.
; Lopes, Rosana C.
; Lorencini, Tiago S.
; Louzada, Rafael B.
; Lovo, Juliana
; Lozano, Eduardo D.
; Lucas, Eve
; Ludtke, Raquel
; Luz, Christian L.
; Maas, Paul
; Machado, Anderson F.P.
; Macias, Leila
; Maciel, Jefferson R.
; Magenta, Mara A.G.
; Mamede, Maria C.H.
; Manoel, Evelin A.
; Marchioretto, Maria S.
; Marques, Juliana S.
; Marquete, Nilda
; Marquete, Ronaldo
; Martinelli, Gustavo
; Martins da Silva, Regina C.V.
; Martins, Ângela B.
; Martins, Erika R.
; Martins, Márcio L.L.
; Martins, Milena V.
; Martins, Renata C.
; Matias, Ligia Q.
; Maya-L., Carlos A.
; Mayo, Simon
; Mazine, Fiorella
; Medeiros, Debora
; Medeiros, Erika S.
; Medeiros, Herison
; Medeiros, João D.
; Meireles, José E.
; Mello-Silva, Renato
; Melo, Aline
; Melo, André L.
; Melo, Efigênia
; Melo, José I.M.
; Menezes, Cristine G.
; Menini Neto, Luiz
; Mentz, Lilian A.
; Mezzonato, A.C.
; Michelangeli, Fabián A.
; Milward-de-Azevedo, Michaele A.
; Miotto, Silvia T.S.
; Miranda, Vitor F.O.
; Mondin, Cláudio A.
; Monge, Marcelo
; Monteiro, Daniele
; Monteiro, Raquel F.
; Moraes, Marta D.
; Moraes, Pedro L.R.
; Mori, Scott A.
; Mota, Aline C.
; Mota, Nara F.O.
; Moura, Tania M.
; Mulgura, Maria
; Nakajima, Jimi N.
; Nardy, Camila
; Nascimento Júnior, José E.
; Noblick, Larry
; Nunes, Teonildes S.
; O'Leary, Nataly
; Oliveira, Arline S.
; Oliveira, Caetano T.
; Oliveira, Juliana A.
; Oliveira, Luciana S.D.
; Oliveira, Maria L.A.A.
; Oliveira, Regina C.
; Oliveira, Renata S.
; Oliveira, Reyjane P.
; Paixão-Souza, Bruno
; Parra, Lara R.
; Pasini, Eduardo
; Pastore, José F.B.
; Pastore, Mayara
; Paula-Souza, Juliana
; Pederneiras, Leandro C.
; Peixoto, Ariane L.
; Pelissari, Gisela
; Pellegrini, Marco O.O.
; Pennington, Toby
; Perdiz, Ricardo O.
; Pereira, Anna C.M.
; Pereira, Maria S.
; Pereira, Rodrigo A.S.
; Pessoa, Clenia
; Pessoa, Edlley M.
; Pessoa, Maria C.R.
; Pinto, Luiz J.S.
; Pinto, Rafael B.
; Pontes, Tiago A.
; Prance, Ghillean T.
; Proença, Carolyn
; Profice, Sheila R.
; Pscheidt, Allan C.
; Queiroz, George A.
; Queiroz, Rubens T.
; Quinet, Alexandre
; Rainer, Heimo
; Ramos, Eliana
; Rando, Juliana G.
; Rapini, Alessandro
; Reginato, Marcelo
; Reis, Ilka P.
; Reis, Priscila A.
; Ribeiro, André R.O.
; Ribeiro, José E.L.S.
; Riina, Ricarda
; Ritter, Mara R.
; Rivadavia, Fernando
; Rocha, Antônio E.S.
; Rocha, Maria J.R.
; Rodrigues, Izabella M.C.
; Rodrigues, Karina F.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Vinícius T.
; Rodrigues, William
; Romaniuc Neto, Sérgio
; Romão, Gerson O.
; Romero, Rosana
; Roque, Nádia
; Rosa, Patrícia
; Rossi, Lúcia
; Sá, Cyl F.C.
; Saavedra, Mariana M.
; Saka, Mariana
; Sakuragui, Cássia M.
; Salas, Roberto M.
; Sales, Margareth F.
; Salimena, Fatima R.G.
; Sampaio, Daniela
; Sancho, Gisela
; Sano, Paulo T.
; Santos, Alessandra
; Santos, Élide P.
; Santos, Juliana S.
; Santos, Marianna R.
; Santos-Gonçalves, Ana P.
; Santos-Silva, Fernanda
; São-Mateus, Wallace
; Saraiva, Deisy P.
; Saridakis, Dennis P.
; Sartori, Ângela L.B.
; Scalon, Viviane R.
; Schneider, Ângelo
; Sebastiani, Renata
; Secco, Ricardo S.
; Senna, Luisa
; Senna-Valle, Luci
; Shirasuna, Regina T.
; Silva Filho, Pedro J.S.
; Silva, Anádria S.
; Silva, Christian
; Silva, Genilson A.R.
; Silva, Gisele O.
; Silva, Márcia C.R.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Otávio L.M.
; Silva, Rafaela A.P.
; Silva, Saura R.
; Silva, Tania R.S.
; Silva-Gonçalves, Kelly C.
; Silva-Luz, Cíntia L.
; Simão-Bianchini, Rosângela
; Simões, André O.
; Simpson, Beryl
; Siniscalchi, Carolina M.
; Siqueira Filho, José A.
; Siqueira, Carlos E.
; Siqueira, Josafá C.
; Smith, Nathan P.
; Snak, Cristiane
; Soares Neto, Raimundo L.
; Soares, Kelen P.
; Soares, Marcos V.B.
; Soares, Maria L.
; Soares, Polyana N.
; Sobral, Marcos
; Sodré, Rodolfo C.
; Somner, Genise V.
; Sothers, Cynthia A.
; Sousa, Danilo J.L.
; Souza, Elnatan B.
; Souza, Élvia R.
; Souza, Marcelo
; Souza, Maria L.D.R.
; Souza-Buturi, Fátima O.
; Spina, Andréa P.
; Stapf, María N.S.
; Stefano, Marina V.
; Stehmann, João R.
; Steinmann, Victor
; Takeuchi, Cátia
; Taylor, Charlotte M.
; Taylor, Nigel P.
; Teles, Aristônio M.
; Temponi, Lívia G.
; Terra-Araujo, Mário H.
; Thode, Veronica
; Thomas, W.Wayt
; Tissot-Squalli, Mara L.
; Torke, Benjamin M.
; Torres, Roseli B.
; Tozzi, Ana M.G.A.
; Trad, Rafaela J.
; Trevisan, Rafael
; Trovó, Marcelo
; Valls, José F.M.
; Vaz, Angela M.S.F.
; Versieux, Leonardo
; Viana, Pedro L.
; Vianna Filho, Marcelo D.M.
; Vieira, Ana O.S.
; Vieira, Diego D.
; Vignoli-Silva, Márcia
; Vilar, Thaisa
; Vinhos, Franklin
; Wallnöfer, Bruno
; Wanderley, Maria G.L.
; Wasshausen, Dieter
; Watanabe, Maurício T.C.
; Weigend, Maximilian
; Welker, Cassiano A.D.
; Woodgyer, Elizabeth
; Xifreda, Cecilia C.
; Yamamoto, Kikyo
; Zanin, Ana
; Zenni, Rafael D.
; Zickel, Carmem S
.
Resumo Um levantamento atualizado das plantas com sementes e análises relevantes acerca desta biodiversidade são apresentados. Este trabalho se iniciou em 2010 com a publicação do Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos e, desde então vem sendo atualizado por mais de 430 especialistas trabalhando online. O Brasil abriga atualmente 32.086 espécies nativas de Angiospermas e 23 espécies nativas de Gimnospermas e estes novos dados mostram um aumento de 3% da riqueza em relação a 2010. A Amazônia é o Domínio Fitogeográfico com o maior número de espécies de Gimnospermas, enquanto que a Floresta Atlântica possui a maior riqueza de Angiospermas. Houve um crescimento considerável no número de espécies e nas taxas de endemismo para a maioria dos Domínios (Caatinga, Cerrado, Floresta Atlântica, Pampa e Pantanal), com exceção da Amazônia que apresentou uma diminuição de 2,5% de endemicidade. Entretanto, a maior parte das plantas com sementes que ocorrem no Brasil (57,4%) é endêmica deste território. A proporção de formas de vida varia de acordo com os diferentes Domínios: árvores são mais expressivas na Amazônia e Floresta Atlântica do que nos outros biomas, ervas são dominantes no Pampa e as lianas apresentam riqueza expressiva na Amazônia, Floresta Atlântica e Pantanal. Este trabalho não só quantifica a biodiversidade brasileira, mas também indica as lacunas de conhecimento e o desafio a ser enfrentado para a conservação desta flora.
Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora.
https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566411
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