ABSTRACT Early garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivars are an alternative for growing this vegetable in low-altitude semi-arid regions, due to its lower requirement for mild temperatures and photoperiod. However, it is necessary to identify the cultivars that best adapt to these environmental conditions to improve management and maximize their production characteristics. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate early garlic cultivars’ biometric, yield, and quality characteristics under low altitude conditions in the semi-arid region. Two field trials were carried out in a Brazilian semi-arid region to evaluate 14 early-cycle and virus-free garlic cultivars. The climatic variations between the experiments influenced the performance of some cultivars in terms of biometric, yield, and quality characteristics. ‘Inhumas Casca Roxa’ (65.25 and 57.62 cm; 6.49 and 6.48 t in 2022 and 2023, respectively) and ‘Ugarte’ (61.70 and 55.14 cm; 6.34 and 5.62 t in 2022 and 2023, respectively) showed higher height and total yield. Likewise, ‘Inhumas Casca Roxa’ and ‘Ugarte’ stood out for bulb mass (20.00 and 19.61 g respectively), and percentage of bulbs in classes 5 (30.6% and 32.8%, respectively) and 6 (8.3% and 9.2%). These materials also showed good post-harvest quality characteristics, such as high pungency for fresh consumption and/or processing by industry. It is recommended to cultivate ‘Inhumas Casca Roxa’ and ‘Ugarte’ for garlic production in low-altitude semi-arid conditions.

Palicourea tomentosa (Aubl.) Borhidi (Rubiaceae, Palicoureeae), earlier classified as Psychotria poeppigiana Müll. Arg., is used in folk medicine for a variety of diseases. Biological studies on the plant describes their vasorelaxant, antiplasmodial, antitumoural and anticholinesterase activities. To expand the knowledge on the chemical and biological potential of this species, in this work, phytochemical and dereplication studies, as well as antimicrobial and anticholinesterase evaluation of Palicourea tomentosa were carried out. Phytochemical investigation deals with the isolation of lutein (1), a mixture of dehydrovomifoliol (2) and megastigma-4,7-dien-3-one (3), loliolide (4), 5,13-epoxy-9-hydroxy-megastigma-7-en,3-one (5), vomifoliol (6), asperuloside (7), 3-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid (8), and a mixture of the pyrrolizidinoindoline alkaloids hodgkinsine (9), chimonanthine (10) and psychotriasine (11). The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC HRMS/MS) based on molecular networking dereplication of dichloromethane fraction led to putative identification of other two megastigmanes, one terpene lactone and three carotenoids, besides seven triterpenes and four indole alkaloids. The dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and hydromethanol fractions of P. tomentosa were able to inhibit Candida albicans with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 125, 250 and 125 µg mL-1, respectively. The methanol crude extract, dichloromethane and alkaloid fractions inhibited selectively the butyrilcholinesterase (BuChE) at percentages of 63.09, 60.39 and 56.22%, respectively. Aubl. Aubl (Aubl. Rubiaceae, Rubiaceae (Rubiaceae Palicoureeae, Palicoureeae , Palicoureeae) Müll Arg Arg. diseases vasorelaxant antiplasmodial activities species work out 1, 1 (1) 2 (2 megastigma4,7dien3one megastigma47dien3one megastigmadienone megastigma 4,7 dien 3 4 7 3, (3) 4, (4) 5,13epoxy9hydroxymegastigma7en,3one 513epoxy9hydroxymegastigma7en3one epoxyhydroxymegastigmaenone 5,13 epoxy 9 hydroxy en,3 5 13 en 5, (5) 6, 6 (6) 7, (7) 3Opcoumaroylquinic Opcoumaroylquinic O p coumaroylquinic 8, 8 (8) 9, (9) 10 (10 11. 11 . (11) ultrahigh ultra high highresolution resolution UHPLC HRMS/MS HRMSMS HRMS MS megastigmanes carotenoids P MICs (MICs 25 12 mL1, mL1 mL mL-1 respectively extract BuChE (BuChE 6309 63 09 63.09 6039 60 39 60.3 5622 56 22 56.22% (Aubl (1 ( megastigma4 7dien3one 47 (3 (4 13epoxy9hydroxymegastigma7en 3one hydroxymegastigma 513 5,1 en3 en, (5 (6 (7 (8 (9 (11 mL- 630 0 63.0 603 60. 562 56.22 dienone epoxyhydroxymegastigmaen 51 63. 56.2 56.

Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum.) is an Amazonian fruit rich in antioxidants potential due to its phenolic compounds. Its seeds produce cupulate, a chocolate-like product, and the residue remains rich in biocompounds. This study aimed to optimize and compare microwave-assisted (MAE) and high pressure/temperature extraction (HPTE) of polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds from cupuaçu seed by-products. A Box-Behnken 33 factorial design assessed the influence of extraction time, solid/liquid ratio, and ethanol concentration. Responses included total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, and anti-radical power via the ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) method. In optimum conditions, MAE had the highest total polyphenol content and HPTE for flavonoids. Optimal conditions for both methods were 65% (m/v) ethanol concentration, 45 min extraction time, and 0.03 g mL−1 solid/liquid ratio. MAE and HPTE achieved greater recovery of (−)-epicatechin and (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate compared to percolation. Both techniques proved viable for recovering polyphenols from cupuaçu seed by-products, in less time and with less solvent. Thus, cupuaçu by-products can be a sustainable and functional food source, with MAE and HPTE providing high yields and quality extracts rich in polyphenols. Theobroma Schum. Schum cupulate chocolatelike chocolate like product biocompounds microwaveassisted microwave assisted (MAE pressuretemperature pressure temperature (HPTE byproducts. byproducts by products. products BoxBehnken Box Behnken 3 solidliquid solid liquid ratio concentration antiradical anti radical 2,2azinobis3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulphonic 22azinobis3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulphonic azinobisethylbenzothiazolinesulphonic 2,2 azino bis ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulphonic 2 acid method flavonoids 65 m/v mv m v (m/v 4 003 0 03 0.0 mL1 mL 1 mL− −epicatechin epicatechin − −epigallocatechin3gallate epigallocatechin3gallate epigallocatechingallate epigallocatechin gallate percolation byproducts, products, solvent Thus source 2azinobis3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulphonic azinobis 22 2, 00 0.

Microparticulated whey protein can be used as a fat substitute in foods to enhance their nutritional value and improve their sensory and rheological characteristics. Microparticulation denatures whey proteins through heat treatment, followed by shear rate control to determine the aggregate sizes formed. The processing method used during microparticulation can modify the protein denaturation rate, which may enable the application of new proteins. This study sought to develop a methodology for quantifying whey protein fractions in commercial samples before and after microparticulation at different concentrations and physical states. The developed methodology proved to be applicable because of its selectivity, quantification, detection limits, and precision. The analyzed samples exhibited a higher denaturation rate for β-lactoglobulin than α-lactoalbumin; the denaturation rate varied among samples due to differences in the microparticulation process. characteristics treatment formed states selectivity quantification limits precision βlactoglobulin β lactoglobulin αlactoalbumin α lactoalbumin α-lactoalbumin process

ABSTRACT Regions with semi-arid climates have environmental conditions that result in abiotic stress to plants. The largest melon (Cucumis melo L.) production area in Brazil, the state of Rio Grande do Norte, has these climatic characteristics. Use of biostimulants in these production systems can mitigate effects of abiotic stress and increase yield and fruit quality. The objective in this study was to evaluate the physiological and production characteristics of melon, under the application of biostimulants. The biostimulants Acadian®, Folicist® and Nov@® were applied and compared to the control treatment (no biostimulants), in ‘Goldex’ and ‘McLaren’ melons. Nov@® led to higher CO2 assimilation, transpiration and stomatal conductance, as well as ascorbate peroxidase, in ‘Goldex’ and ‘McLaren’. Greater catalase was obtained with the application of Nov@®, while the use of Folicist® resulted in higher malondialdehyde content. The cultivar ‘McLaren’ exhibited the best physiological and biochemical performance, and ‘Goldex’ the best yield. Folicist® promotes physiological adaptations to stress without impairing photosynthetic activity. The biostimulants increased yield and number of fruits per plant and promoted physiological adaptations to semi-arid conditions. semiarid semi arid plants Cucumis L. L Brazil Norte quality Acadian Acadian® Folicist Nov Nov@ no biostimulants, , biostimulants) ‘Goldex Goldex ‘McLaren McLaren melons CO assimilation conductance peroxidase ‘McLaren. . content performance activity

RESUMO Regiões com climas semiáridos apresentam condições ambientais que resultam em estresses abióticos às plantas. A maior área de produção de melão (Cucumis melo L.) do Brasil, o Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, possui essas características climáticas. O uso de bioestimulantes nesses sistemas de produção pode mitigar os efeitos dos estresses abióticos e aumentar a produtividade e a qualidade dos frutos. O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar as características fisiológicas e de produção do meloeiro, sob aplicação de bioestimulantes. Os bioestimulantes Acadian®, Folicist® e Nov@® foram aplicados e comparados ao tratamento controle (sem bioestimulantes), em melões ‘Goldex’ e ‘McLaren’. Nov@® proporcionou maior assimilação de CO2, transpiração e condutância estomática, assim como ascorbato peroxidase em ‘Goldex’ e ‘McLaren’. Maior catalase foi obtida pela aplicação de Nov@®, enquanto que o uso de Folicist® resultou em maior teor de malondialdeído. A cultivar McLaren apresentou o melhor desempenho fisiológico e bioquímico e a ‘Goldex’ o melhor rendimento. Folicist® promove adaptações fisiológicas aos estresses sem prejudicar a atividade fotossintética. Os bioestimulantes aumentaram a produtividade e o número de frutos por planta e promoveram adaptações fisiológicas às condições semiáridas. plantas Cucumis L. L Brasil Norte climáticas meloeiro Acadian Acadian® Folicist Nov Nov@ bioestimulantes, , bioestimulantes) ‘Goldex Goldex ‘McLaren. ‘McLaren . ‘McLaren’ CO2 CO estomática malondialdeído rendimento fotossintética semiáridas

Worldwide, millions of people suffer from neurological and psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia, depression, and neurodegenerative diseases. These conditions are often linked to hyperactivity of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) in the brain, and inhibiting this enzyme can reduce oxidative stress, stabilize neurotransmitter levels, and alleviate symptoms. In this context, a pharmacophoric model was created using PharmaGist with 31 hits extracted from BindingDB to enable a pharmacophoric-based search of potential MAO-B inhibitors in ZincPharmer’s chemical space, followed by the building of 10 conformers for each molecule in the software OMEGA, screening for structural and electrostatic similarity to safinamide using ROCS (Rapid overlay of chemical structures) and EON (Electrostatic similarity for lead-hopping), respectively. In addition, the molecular docking with Gold using the score function was performed to rank the ligands with the highest probabilities of affinity to MAO-B and then discriminate those with suitable physical chemical, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological features using the tools QikProp, SwissADME, and DEREK. Four potential ligands with selective MAO-B inhibitor properties were identified, which show promise as future therapeutic agents for MAO-B-related disorders. Worldwide schizophrenia depression diseases MAOB MAO (MAO-B brain stress levels symptoms context 3 pharmacophoricbased based ZincPharmers ZincPharmer s space 1 OMEGA Rapid structures Electrostatic leadhopping, leadhopping lead hopping , lead-hopping) respectively addition pharmacokinetic QikProp SwissADME DEREK identified MAOBrelated related disorders lead-hopping

ABSTRACT Castor bean is a crop known to be drought tolerant, but like other crops, it shows reductions in yield under conditions of low water availability. Therefore, the objective whit this study was to evaluate leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll indices and yield of castor bean cultivars subjected to two contrasting water environments in the semi-arid region of Bahia, Brazil. Twelve castor bean cultivars were planted in a split-plot randomized block design, with the plot allocated to the contrasting water environments. Environment 1 was composed of irrigation close to field capacity, and environment 2 had about 30% of field capacity. Yield, leaf gas exchange, and chlorophyll content were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using Bayesian analysis with a variant of Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) to obtain Markov chains via Monte Carlo (MCMC). The MCMC were convergent and well mixed. In environment 2, the cultivars EBDA MPA 34, EBDA 17, and IAC 2028 showed yield above 1,700 kg ha-1. Cultivar IAC 226 showed an increase of 9.98% in its yield in environment 2. Therefore, cultivars EBDA MPA 34, IAC 2028, IAC 226, and EBDA 17 are recommended to castor bean breeding programs as promising parents for studies under conditions of low water availability. Cultivars EBDA MPA 11 and BRS Paraguaçu showed high yield in both environments and are recommended for cultivation because they are responsive to the increase in water availability. tolerant crops availability Therefore exchange semiarid semi arid Bahia Brazil splitplot split design capacity 30 Yield evaluated HMC (HMC MCMC. . (MCMC) mixed 34 202 1700 700 1,70 ha1. ha1 ha 1. ha-1 22 998 9 98 9.98 3 (MCMC 20 170 70 1,7 ha- 99 9.9 7 1, 9.

RESUMO A mamoneira é uma cultura conhecida como tolerante à seca, contudo, assim como outras culturas, apresenta reduções na produtividade sob condições de baixa disponibilidade hídrica. Sendo assim, o objetivo com o presente estudo foi avaliar as trocas gasosas foliares, os índices de clorofila e a produtividade de cultivares de mamoneira submetidas a dois ambientes hídricos contrastantes no semiárido baiano. Doze cultivares de mamona foram plantadas em parcela subdividida em blocos casualizados, onde na parcela foi alocado os ambientes hídricos contrastante, o ambiente 1 foi composto por irrigação próxima a capacidade de campo e o ambiente 2 com cerca de 30% da capacidade de campo. Foram avaliadas a produtividade, trocas gasosas foliares e teores de clorofila. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas por meio da análise bayesiana com uma variante da Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) para a obtenção das cadeias ocultas de Markov via Monte Carlo (MCMC). As MCMC foram convergentes e bem misturadas. No ambiente 2 as cultivares EBDA MPA 34, EBDA 17 e IAC 2028 apresentaram produtividade acima de 1.700 kg ha-1. A cultivar IAC 226 apresentou um aumento de 9,98% em sua produtividade no ambiente 2. Já as cultivares EBDA MPA 34, IAC 2028, IAC 226 e EBDA 17 são recomendadas aos programas de melhoramento da cultura como genitores promissores para estudos em condições de baixa disponibilidade hídrica. As cultivares EBDA MPA 11 e BRS Paraguaçu apresentam alta produtividade nos dois ambientes sendo indicadas ao cultivo por serem responsivas ao aumento da disponibilidade hídrica. seca contudo culturas hídrica baiano casualizados contrastante 30 HMC (HMC MCMC. . (MCMC) misturadas 34 202 1700 700 1.70 ha1. ha1 ha 1. ha-1 22 998 9 98 9,98 3 (MCMC 20 170 70 1.7 ha- 99 9,9 7 9,

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of thermal treatment on the adhesion quality of bonded joints in high-density wood, specifically Corymbia citriodora and Eucalyptus pellita, using resorcinol formaldehyde and castor oil-based polyurethane adhesives. It was used at temperatures of 160 ºC, 180 ºC and 200 °C, being compared with a control batch. The percentage of failure in the wood was analyzed to evaluate the quality of the bonding. The castor oil-based polyurethane adhesive exhibited higher values of viscosity and solid content than resorcinol formaldehyde. Eucalyptus pellita showed higher shear strength values compared to Corymbia citriodora wood. The increase in temperature reduced the shear strength for both woods. The ratio between the strength of the bonded wood and solid wood, at the same treatment temperature, often exceeded one, indicating the formation of an adhesive-fiber composite, which enhances the strength of the bonded interface, especially for C. citriodora wood. Overall, there was better bonding of Eucalyptus pellita wood with resorcinol formaldehyde, and it exhibited less thermal degradation due to lower mass loss. highdensity high density oilbased oil based adhesives 16 18 20 C °C batch woods one adhesivefiber fiber composite interface Overall loss 1 2

Resumo Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do tratamento térmico na qualidade da adesão de juntas coladas de madeira de alta densidade, Corymbia citriodora e Eucalyptus pellita utilizando os adesivos resorcinol e poliuretano vegetal à base de óleo de mamona. O tratamento térmico foi realizado nas temperaturas de 160 ºC, 180 ºC e 200 °C, sendo comparadas com um lote controle. A qualidade da colagem foi avaliada através do teste de cisalhamento e análise do percentual de falha na madeira. O adesivo de poliuretano de mamona apresentou maiores valores de viscosidade e teor de sólidos, do que o resorcinol formaldeído. O Eucalyptus pellitaexibiu maiores valores de resistência ao cisalhamento que a madeira de Corymbia citriodora. O aumento da temperatura reduziu a resistência ao cisalhamento para ambas as madeiras. A razão entre a resistência da madeira colada com madeira solida, na mesma temperatura de tratamento, muitas vezes atingiu valores superiores a um, indicando a formação de um compósito adesivo-fibras, que aumenta a resistência da interface colada, especialmente para madeira de C. citriodora. De forma geral, houve uma melhor colagem da madeira de Eucalyptus pellita, com resorcinol formaldeído, e está exibiu menor degradação térmica, devido à menor perda de massa. densidade 16 18 20 C °C controle sólidos formaldeído madeiras solida adesivofibras, adesivofibras fibras, fibras adesivo-fibras geral térmica massa 1 2

ABSTRACT The contribution of plant residues throughout the sugarcane cycles favors the increase of organic matter and the activity of microorganisms in the soil, especially in the surface layers. Soil texture also has an important effect on ecological processes and soil quality. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate soil biological attributes in different sugarcane cultivation cycles under mechanized harvesting in an Oxisol in the Savanna region of Central Brazil. The study was conducted in commercial areas under sugarcane cultivation during the 2018/2019 season, which were considered homogeneous in terms of soil and climatic conditions, with the source of variation among the areas being the cultivation cycles (C1: one cultivation cycle; C3: three cultivation cycles; C7: seven cultivation cycles) and a savanna vegetation area selected as a reference. Microbiological variables were determined in two layers, 0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m. The variables related to microbial biomass and texture were subjected to principal component analysis. Areas with longer sugarcane cultivation cycles show higher proportion of microbial biomass carbon in the total organic carbon in subsurface layers (microbial quotient). The performance of the soil microbial community, as expressed by total organic carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen indicators, was associated with higher presence of clay and silt, i.e., soil particles smaller than 0.02 mm. quality context Brazil 20182019 2018 2019 2018/201 season conditions C1 C (C1 cycle C3 C7 reference 00.1 001 0 0.1 1 0-0. 0.10.2 0102 0.2 2 0.1-0. m analysis quotient. quotient . quotient) community indicators silt ie i e i.e. 002 02 0.0 mm 2018201 201 2018/20 (C 00 00. 01 0. 0-0 10 0.10. 010 0.1-0 i.e 201820 20 2018/2 0- 0.10 0.1- 20182 2018/

RESUMO O aporte de resíduos vegetais ao longo dos ciclos da cana-de-açúcar favorece o incremento de matéria orgânica e atividade de microrganismos no solo, especialmente nas camadas superficiais. A textura do solo também tem um efeito importante nos processos ecológicos e na qualidade do solo. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar atributos biológicos do solo em diferentes ciclos de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar sob colheita mecanizada, em um Latossolo da região de cerrado do Brasil Central. O estudo foi realizado em áreas comerciais de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar na safra 2018/2019, consideradas homogêneas em termos de condições edafoclimáticas, tendo como fonte de variação entre as áreas os ciclos de cultivo (C1: um ciclo de cultivo; C3: três ciclos de cultivo; C7: sete ciclos de cultivo) e uma área de vegetação de cerrado selecionada como referência. Foram determinadas variáveis microbiológicas nas camadas de 0-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m. As variáveis relacionados à biomassa microbiana e textura foram submetidos à análise de componentes principais. Áreas com ciclos de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar mais longos apresentaram maior proporção de carbono da biomassa microbiana no carbono orgânico total nas camadas subterrâneas (quociente microbiano). O desempenho da comunidade microbiana do solo, expresso pelos indicadores carbono orgânico total e nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana foi associado à maior presença de argila e silte, ou seja, partículas de solo menores que 0,02 mm. canadeaçúcar cana açúcar superficiais sentido mecanizada Central 20182019 2018 2019 2018/2019 edafoclimáticas C1 C (C1 C3 C7 referência 00,10 0010 0 0,10 10 0-0,1 0,100,20 010020 0,20 20 0,10-0,2 m principais quociente microbiano. microbiano . microbiano) silte seja 002 02 0,0 mm 2018201 201 2018/201 (C 00 00,1 001 010 0,1 1 0-0, 100 0,100,2 01002 020 0,2 2 0,10-0, 0, 201820 2018/20 00, 01 0-0 0,100, 0100 0,10-0 20182 2018/2 0- 0,100 0,10- 2018/

ABSTRACT The proper disposal of fruit and vegetable waste is essential to promote environmental sustainability, reduce the carbon footprint, improve soil quality, and contribute to the transition to a circular economy. This study examined the impact of incorporating dairy cattle wastewater (DCWW) into anaerobic co-digestion with fruit and vegetable residues and utilization of the resulting biofertilizer as a diluent in the anaerobic mono-digestion of fruit and vegetable residues (recycle). The specific biogas and methane production and the agronomic quality of the biofertilizer were evaluated in a semi-continuous trial. Two startup strategies were employed: initially, the reactors were entirely fed with inoculum (biofertilizer derived from DCWW), and fruit and vegetable residue feedstock was gradually introduced. Anaerobic co-digestion of fruit and vegetable residues with DCWW yielded the highest specific production of biogas and methane at 720 and 436 L kg-1 of volatile solids (VS), respectively. The addition of DCWW increases fruit and vegetable residue alkalinity by 249% and reduces the volatile acidity by 83.4%. Anaerobic mono-digestion of fruit and vegetable residues enhances macronutrient recovery in the biofertilizer through recycle. Logistically, directing fruit and vegetable residues to rural areas for anaerobic co-digestion with DCWW promotes agricultural biofertilizer use. sustainability footprint economy (DCWW codigestion co digestion monodigestion mono recycle . (recycle) semicontinuous semi continuous trial employed initially DCWW, , DCWW) introduced 72 43 kg1 kg 1 kg- VS, VS (VS) respectively 249 834 83 4 83.4% Logistically use (recycle 7 (VS 24 8 83.4 2 83.

RESUMO A destinação adequada dos resíduos de frutas e vegetais é fundamental para promover a sustentabilidade ambiental, reduzir a pegada de carbono, melhorar a qualidade do solo e contribuir para a transição para uma economia circular. Neste estudo, foram avaliados os efeitos da adição de água residuária da bovinocultura de leite em codigestão anaeróbia com resíduos de frutas e vegetais e o uso do biofertilizante como diluente na monodigestão anaeróbia dos resíduos de frutas e vegetais (reciclo). A produção específica de biogás e metano, bem como a qualidade agronômica do biofertilizante em um estudo semicontínuo, foram avaliados. Foram utilizadas duas estratégias para partida dos reatores: o abastecimento inicial dos reatores totalmente com inóculo (biofertilizante proveniente da digestão anaeróbia da água residuária da bovinocultura de leite) e a progressão de carga para os resíduos de frutas e vegetais. A maior produção específica de biogás e metano foi atingida pela codigestão anaeróbia de resíduos de frutas e vegetais com água residuária da bovinocultura de leite, 720 e 436 L kg-1 de sólidos voláteis (SV), respectivamente. A adição da água residuária da bovinocultura de leite aumentou em 249% a alcalinidade dos resíduos de frutas e vegetais e diminuiu em 83,4% sua acidez volátil. A recuperação de macronutrientes no biofertilizante é favorecida pela monodigestão anaeróbia dos resíduos de frutas e vegetais em função do uso do reciclo. Entretanto, visando a destinação destes ao meio rural, a codigestão anaeróbia com água residuária da bovinocultura de leite favorece o uso agrícola do biofertilizante. ambiental carbono circular reciclo . (reciclo) semicontínuo 72 43 kg1 kg 1 kg- SV, SV , (SV) respectivamente 249 834 83 4 83,4 volátil Entretanto rural (reciclo 7 (SV 24 8 83, 2

Resumo Os nevos congénitos da matriz ungueal são uma causa rara de melanoníquia que pode apresentar-se com irregularidade, assimetria e pigmentação multicomponente, o que dificulta o diagnóstico diferencial com melanoma subungueal. Descrevemos o caso de uma mulher de 49 anos com melanoníquia longitudinal que progrediu com pigmentação na prega ungueal proximal. O sinal de Hutchinson está frequentemente associado a malignidade, o que dificulta ainda mais a diferenciação com o melanoma acral. Realizou-se uma biópsia da matriz ungueal, cujo exame histopatológico foi compatível com nevo da matriz ungueal. Esta abordagem é crucial em casos suspeitos, apesar do risco de distrofia ungueal. A evolução destes nevos até à idade adulta e o seu potencial de malignidade permanecem pouco claros, enfatizando a necessidade de vigilância contínua. Este caso realça que os nevos congénitos da matriz ungueal se apresentam frequentemente com características clínicas e dermatoscópicas suspeitas, que podem mimetizar as observadas no melanoma subungueal.

Abstract Congenital nail matrix nevi (NMN) are a rare cause of melanonychia that may present with irregularity, asymmetry, and multicomponent pigmentation posing diagnostic challenges with subungual melanoma. We report a case of a 49-year-old female with longitudinal melanonychia and a 1-month recent pigmentation in the proximal nail fold. This sign is traditionally associated with malignancy, which further complicates the differentiation from acral melanoma. Therefore, a nail matrix biopsy was performed. Histopathologic examination revealed a nail matrix nevus. This procedure is crucial in suspicious cases, despite the risk of nail dystrophia. The evolution of these nevi into adulthood and their potential malignancy remains unclear, emphasizing the need for continued research and surveillance. This case highlights that congenital NMN often present with clinical and dermoscopic features of concern, mirroring those observed in subungual melanoma.

Resumo Introdução: A associação da infeção pelo vírus da hepatite delta (VHD) com a presença de autoanticorpos e outros aspetos de autoimunidade é conhecida desde há várias décadas. Contudo, até à data, muito poucos casos de hepatite autoimune (HAI) clínica foram reportados em relação com a infeção VHD, sendo a maioria destes no contexto de terapêutica com interferão peguilado. Caso clínico: O caso refere-se a uma mulher de 46 anos natural da Guiné-Bissau, que se mudou para Portugal em 2018 para investigação de queixas de desconforto abdominal difuso e náuseas. A avaliação laboratorial inicial e a histologia hepática foram compatíveis com HAI tipo 1. A doente apresentava também infeção crónica a VHB (vírus da hepatite B) antigénio HBe negativa, com DNA negativo, e anti-VHD (vírus da hepatite delta) total positivo, com IgM negativo e RNA indetetável. Assim, após início de tenofovir difumarato profilático, foi iniciada terapêutica com prednisolona seguida de azatioprina, que posteriormente se interrompeu por presumível hepatotoxicidade. Uma segunda biópsia mostrou aspetos de superinfeção viral e como tal a doente foi tratada com aciclovir, tendo em conta IgM positivo para Herpes Simplex, mantendo-se o RNA VHD negativo. Um terceiro flare de transaminases motivou o início de micofenolato de mofetil, após extensa investigação e exclusão de outras causas de doença hepática. Cerca de 6 meses mais tarde, durante novo episódio de hepatite, o RNA VHD revelou-se finalmente positivo e este foi classificado como genotipo 5. O MMF foi suspenso e, considerando a contra-indicação para interferão, foi proposto à doente tratamento com bulevirtide, que esta recusou, alegando motivos pessoais, visto estar atualmente a residir no seu país de origem. Discussão: Este é um caso desafiante de hepatite autoimune, ou autoimune-like, provavelmente induzida pela infeção crónica pelo VHD. Um elevado índice de suspeição para VHD foi essencial porque, se o caso tivesse sido interpretado como HAI refratária, com incremento de imunossupressão, poderia ter-se verificado um agravamento da hepatite viral. Recentemente, foi reportado que a supressão do VHD pelo bulevirtide pode reverter a doença hepática autoimune. Questionamo-nos se o mesmo poderia ter sucedido com a nossa doente, caso esta tivesse aceite este tratamento.

Abstract Introduction: The association of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection with positive autoantibodies and autoimmune features has been known for decades. However, to date, very few cases of clinical autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) have been reported in association with HDV infection, most of them being in the context of treatment with peginterferon. Case Report: This case refers to a 46-year-old woman born in Guinea-Bissau who moved to Portugal in 2018 to investigate complaints of diffuse abdominal discomfort and nausea. Her initial work-up, including laboratory and liver histology, was consistent with type 1 AIH. She had HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B virus infection with negative DNA and also a positive total anti-HDV antibody, with negative IgM and undetectable RNA. Therefore, after initiating prophylactic tenofovir difumarate, she was started on prednisolone followed by azathioprine, which was later stopped due to presumed hepatotoxicity. Repeated histology showed signs of viral superinfection, and she was treated with acyclovir due to a positive herpes simplex IgM, with HDV RNA remaining negative. A third flare in transaminases prompted the introduction of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) after a thorough exclusion of additional causes of liver disease. About 6 months later, during another bout of hepatitis, HDV RNA was finally positive and classified as genotype 5. MMF was stopped, and, considering a contraindication to interferon, the patient was offered therapy with bulevirtide, which she refused for personal reasons as she is currently living in her home country. Discussion: This is a challenging case of autoimmune or “autoimmune-like” hepatitis, probably induced by chronic HDV infection. High suspicion of HDV was essential because, had the case been interpreted as refractory AIH, with escalation of immunosuppression, a more severe course of the viral infection might have ensued. Recently, HDV suppression with bulevirtide was shown to reverse autoimmune liver disease. We hypothesize that the same could have happened to our patient, had she accepted this treatment.

Abstract Animal carcasses in natural environments are a food source for various organisms, such as fungi, bacteria, and insects. Insects also utilize this ephemeral resource for oviposition and development of their offspring, with the immatures being responsible for the greatest consumption of the resource. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the fauna of necrophagous insects associated with a cow carcass Bos taurus Linnaeus found in the municipality of São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, Maranhão, Brazil. Insects were sampled using forceps and entomological nets for eight days, with the immatures being taken to the Laboratory of Entomology and Vectors (LEV) and subsequently reared at room temperature. A total of 1,149 specimens were sampled, comprising 141 adults and 1,017 immatures. Among the adults, the species Chrysomya albiceps (Widemann), Necrobia rufipes (Fabricius), and Dermestes maculatus (De Geer) were prominent. Regarding immatures, all insects that emerged were of the species C. albiceps. Additionally, we report the first record of Chrysomya putoria (Widemann), Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), and Hemertia illucens (Linnaeus) visiting bovine carcasses in the Neotropical region. The results reveal a late colonization of C. albiceps in advanced stages, confirming the importance of research with carcasses in the context of forensic entomology.

Resumen Las carcasas animales en entornos naturales son una fuente de alimento para diversos organismos, como hongos, bacterias e insectos. Los insectos también utilizan este recurso efímero para la oviposición y el desarrollo de sus crías, siendo los inmaduros responsables del mayor consumo del recurso. Por lo tanto, el objetivo fue conocer la fauna de insectos necrófagos asociados a una carcasa de vaca Bos taurus Linnaeus encontrada en el municipio de São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, Maranhão, Brasil. Los insectos se muestrearon con la ayuda de pinzas y redes entomológicas durante ocho días, y los inmaduros se llevaron al Laboratorio de Entomología y Vectores (LEV) y posteriormente se criaron a temperatura ambiente. Se obtuvo un total de 1.149 especímenes, siendo 141 adultos y 1.017 inmaduros. Entre los adultos, destacaron las especies Chrysomya albiceps (Widemann), Necrobia rufipes (Fabricius) y Dermestes maculatus (De Geer). En cuanto a los inmaduros, todos los insectos que emergieron fueron de la especie C. albiceps. Además, se reporta el primer registro de Chrysomya putoria (Widemann), Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) y Hemertia illucens (Linnaeus) visitando una carcasa bovina en la región neotropical. Nuestros resultados revelan una colonización tardía de C. albiceps en etapas avanzadas, confirmando la importancia de la investigación con carcasas en el contexto de la entomología forense.

ABSTRACT The canonical correlation is used to correlate groups of distinct variables. The objective of this study was to use canonical correlation analysis to evaluate the interaction between water quality attributes clogging-causing and the hydraulic performance of non-pressure compensating drippers operating with dilutions of aquaculture effluent in well water. The experiment was in a completely randomized design in a split-split-plot scheme with three replicates, with five dilutions in the plots (Dilution 1: 100% aquaculture effluent; Dilution 2: 75% aquaculture effluent + 25% well water; Dilution 3: 50% aquaculture effluent + 50% well water; Dilution 4: 25% aquaculture effluent + 75% well water; and Dilution 5: 100% well water), three emitters in the sub-plots (ST (1.6 L h-1), SL (1.6 L h-1) and NJ (1.7 L h-1)), and three operating times in the sub-subplots (0, 80 and 160 hours, in which 0 hours operating time means the start of evaluations). The statistical analyses performed were correlation matrix and canonical analysis. The canonical correlation analysis indicated that when the concentrations of attributes increase, the hydraulic performance of the drippers decreases. The interaction of this group of attributes indicates that the clogging of drippers operating with the five dilutions of aquaculture effluent in well water occurs by the combined action of physical, chemical, and biological agents. The ST dripper was the least sensitive to the group of quality attributes of the dilutions, whereas the most sensitive was the SL dripper. variables cloggingcausing causing nonpressure non pressure splitsplitplot split plot replicates 1 100 2 75 25 3 50 4 5 water, , water) subplots sub 1.6 16 6 (1. h1, h1 h h-1 1.7 17 7 h-1)) subsubplots 0, (0 8 evaluations. evaluations . evaluations) increase decreases physical chemical agents 10 1. (1 h- (

RESUMO A correlação canônica é usada para correlacionar grupos de variáveis distintas. O objetivo deste estudo foi utilizar análise de correlação canônica para avaliar a interação entre atributos de qualidade da água causadores de entupimento e o desempenho hidráulico de gotejadores não autocompensantes operando com diluições de efluente de aquicultura em água de poço. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, com três repetições, com cinco diluições nas parcelas (Diluição 1: 100% de efluente de aquicultura; Diluição 2: 75% de efluente de aquicultura + 25% de água de poço; Diluição 3 : 50% efluente de aquicultura + 50% água de poço; Diluição 4: 25% efluente de aquicultura + 75% água de poço; e Diluição 5: 100% água de poço), três emissores nas subparcelas (ST (1,6 L h-1) , SL (1,6 L h-1) e NJ (1,7 L h-1)), e três tempos de operação nas subsubparcelas (início do experimento, 80 e 160 horas, em que 0 horas de operação significa o início das avaliações). As análises estatísticas realizadas foram matriz de correlação e análise canônica. A análise de correlação canônica indicou que quando as concentrações dos atributos aumentam, o desempenho hidráulico dos gotejadores diminui. A interação desse grupo de atributos indica que o entupimento dos gotejadores que operam com as cinco diluições de efluente de aquicultura em água de poço ocorre pela ação combinada de agentes físicos, químicos e biológicos. O gotejador ST foi o menos sensível ao grupo de atributos de qualidade das diluições, enquanto o mais sensível foi o gotejador SL. distintas casualizado subsubdivididas repetições 1 100 2 75 25 50 4 5 poço, poço) 1,6 16 6 (1, h1 h h-1 1,7 17 7 h1, h-1)) 8 avaliações. avaliações . avaliações) aumentam diminui físicos biológicos 10 1, (1 h- (

ABSTRACT The common climatic characteristics in semi-arid regions can cause abiotic stress and be a limiting factor for crops. Under these conditions, the use of beneficial elements such as selenium (Se) is an alternative to mitigate the harmful effects of abiotic stresses and increase yield. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of onion grown in a semi-arid region under the application of Se. A field experiment was performed in a randomized block design, where five doses of Se (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 g ha-1), by foliar application, were tested on two onion hybrids (Andrômeda and Rio das Antas). Growth, nutritional and yield variables were analyzed. Se increased the height and accumulation of dry mass in onion plants, with a maximum at the 60 g ha-1 dose of Se, the same dose at which the highest commercial (78.15 t ha-1) and total (86.03 t ha-1) bulb yields were obtained in Rio das Antas; however, for Andrômeda, there was no effect of Se on yield. Applied Se doses also increased the content of this element in the bulbs. Despite increasing bulb yields only in the Rio das Antas hybrid, 60 g ha-1 of Se is recommended for onions due to its effects on plant growth and the biofortification of bulbs with Se. semiarid semi arid crops conditions (Se Therefore design 0, 0 (0 15 30 45 6 ha1, ha1 ha 1 , Andrômeda Antas. . Antas) Growth analyzed plants ha- 78.15 7815 78 (78.1 86.03 8603 86 03 (86.0 however hybrid ( 3 4 78.1 781 7 (78. 86.0 860 8 (86. 78. (78 86. (86 (7 (8

RESUMO As características climáticas comuns em regiões semiáridas podem causar estresse abiótico e ser um fator limitante ao cultivo agrícola. Nessas condições, o uso de elementos benéficos como o selênio (Se) é uma alternativa para mitigar os efeitos deletérios dos estresses abióticos e aumentar a produtividade. Portanto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho agronômico da cebola cultivada em região semiárida sob aplicação de Se. Foi conduzido um experimento de campo, delineado em blocos casualizados completos, onde foram testadas cinco doses de Se (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 g ha-1), por aplicação foliar, em dois híbridos de cebola (Andrômeda e Rio das Antas). Foram analisadas variáveis de crescimento, nutricional e produtividade. O Se aumentou a altura e o acúmulo de massa seca em plantas de cebola, com máxima na dose 60 g ha-1 de Se, mesma dose em que foi obtida a maior produtividade comercial (78,15 t ha-1) e total (86,03 t ha-1) de bulbos em Rio das Antas, todavia, para Andrômeda, não ocorreu efeito do Se sobre a produtividade. As doses de Se também aumentaram o teor desse elemento nos bulbos. Apesar de aumentar a produtividade de bulbos apenas em Rio das Antas, recomenda-se a aplicação de 60 g ha-1 de Se em cebola devido aos efeitos no crescimento da planta e na biofortificação dos bulbos com Se. agrícola condições (Se Portanto campo completos 0, 0 (0 15 30 4 6 ha1, ha1 ha 1 , foliar Andrômeda Antas. Antas . Antas) ha- 78,15 7815 78 (78,1 86,03 8603 86 03 (86,0 todavia recomendase recomenda se ( 3 78,1 781 7 (78, 86,0 860 8 (86, 78, (78 86, (86 (7 (8