RESUMO Há um interesse crescente no estudo das células estaminais mesenquimais, não especializadas, pois ainda existem algumas discussões sobre seu comportamento in vitro. A medicina regenerativa é uma ciência em fase de crescimento que desenvolve tratamentos como terapia celular utilizando células estaminais somáticas. Em vários estudos, o tecido adiposo é apresentado como uma fonte de células adultas multipotentes que tem várias vantagens em relação a outras fontes de tecido. Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar e avaliar a marcação de células estaminais mesenquimais do tecido adiposo de cutias (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) com nanocristais intracitoplasmáticos fluorescentes. Observaram-se células fibroblásticas, aderentes ao plástico, com autorrenovação prolongada, capacidade de formar colônias, diferenciação em três linhagens, população CD90 + e expressão CD45, que emitiram alta fluorescência vermelha após a marcação com nanocristais fluorescentes por diferentes vias, e criopreservadas para uso futuro. É possível concluir que as células estaminais mesenquimais do tecido adiposo de cutias têm características biológicas e comportamentos in vitro que demonstram seu potencial para uso em testes clínicos.

ABSTRACT There is a growing interest in the study of unspecialized mesenchymal stem cells, for there are still some discussions about their in vitro behavior. Regenerative medicine is a science undergoing improvement which develops treatments as cell therapy using somatic stem cells. In several studies, adipose tissue is presented as a source of multipotent adult cells that has several advantages over other tissue sources. This study aimed to characterize and evaluate the tagging of mesenchymal stem cells from the agoutis adipose tissue (Dasyprocta prymonolopha), with fluorescent intracytoplasmic nanocrystals. Fibroblast cells were observed, plastic adherent, with extended self-renewal, ability to form colonies, multipotency by differentiation into three lineages, population CD90 + and CD45 - expression, which issued high red fluorescence after the tagging with fluorescent nanocrystals by different paths and cryopreserved for future use. It is possible to conclude that mesenchymal stem cells from agouti adipose tissue have biological characteristics and in vitro behavior that demonstrate its potential for use in clinical tests.

RESUMO: A ema (Rhea americana) representa importante espécie silvestre que vem se destacando na pecuaria nacional e internacional. Esta pesquisa objetiva analisar o desenvolvimento embrionário-fetal, em diferentes fases, do sistema respiratório de emas. Vinte e três embriões e fetos foram eutanasiados, fixados e dissecados. Fragmentos do sistema respiratório: cavidade nasal, laringe, traqueia, siringe, brônquios e pulmões, foram coletados e processados para estudos por meio de microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A cavidade nasal apresentou, nas primeiras fases de desenvolvimento, epitélio estratificado cúbico. A laringe exibiu epitélio respiratório típico entre 27 e 31 dias. A traqueia aos 15 dias apresentou início de formação da cartilagem hialina. Na siringe a túnica mucosa de fetos de 18 dias e formada por epitélio estratificado ciliado na região bronquial. Os brônquios principais apresentavam epitélio estratificado ciliado com células caliciformes na região siringeal. No pulmão, o estágio parabronquial apresentou numerosos parabrônquios entre 15 a 21 dias. Este estudo permitiu a identificação de eventos normais que ocorrem durante o desenvolvimento do sistema respiratório de emas, importante modelo ainda não descrito. As informações geradas serão úteis para o diagnóstico de patologias que acometem este sistema orgânico, visando a melhoria dos sistemas de produção em cativeiro.

ABSTRACT: The rhea (Rhea americana) is an important wild species that has been highlighted in national and international livestock. This research aims to analyse embryo-foetal development in different phases of the respiratory system of rheas. Twenty-three embryos and foetuses were euthanized, fixed and dissected. Fragments of the respiratory system, including the nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, syrinx, bronchi and lungs, were collected and processed for studies using light and scanning electron microscopy. The nasal cavity presented cubic epithelium in the early stages of development. The larynx exhibited typical respiratory epithelium between 27 and 31 days. The trachea showed early formation of hyaline cartilage after 15 days. Syrinx in the mucous membrane of 18-day foetuses consisted of ciliated epithelium in the bronchial region. The main bronchi had ciliated epithelium with goblet cells in the syringeal region. In the lung, the parabronchial stage presented numerous parabronchi between 15 and 21 days. This study allowed the identification of normal events that occur during the development of the rhea respiratory system, an important model that has not previously been described. The information generated here will be useful for the diagnosis of pathologies that affect this organic system, aimed at improving captive production systems.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of the Taql and Bsml vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in hospital mortality of burn patients. METHODS: In total, 105 consecutive burn injury patients over 18 years in age who were admitted to the Burn Unit of Bauru State Hospital from January to December 2013 were prospectively evaluated. Upon admission, patient demographic information was recorded and a blood sample was taken for biochemical analysis to identify the presence of the Taql(rs731236) and Bsml(rs1544410) polymorphisms. All of the patients were followed over their hospital stay and mortality was recorded. RESULTS: Eighteen of the patients did not sign the informed consent form, and there were technical problems with genotype analysis for 7 of the patients. Thus, 80 patients (mean age, 42.5±16.1 years) were included in the final analysis. In total, 60% of the patients were male, and 16.3% died during the hospital stay. The genotype frequencies for the Taql polymorphism were 51.25% TT, 41.25% TC and 7.50% CC; for the Bsml polymorphism, they were 51.25% GG, 42.50% GA and 6.25% AA. In logistic regression analysis, after adjustments for age, gender and total body surface burn area, there were no associations between the Taql (OR: 1.575; CI95%: 0.148-16.745; p=0.706) or Bsml (OR: 1.309; CI95%: 0.128-13.430; p=0.821) polymorphisms and mortality for the burn patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the Taql and Bsml vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms are not associated with hospital mortality of burn patients.

Objective: To look for alterations of glycemic control as a secondary systemic effect of the retrobulbar injection of triamcinolone acetonide in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Materials and methods: We studied 40 patients (25 men and 15 women, 20 with and 20 without diabetes). The injection site in all patients was the retrobulbar space, with one injection of 1ml triamcinolone acetonide (40 mg). Capillary blood glucose was measured at 8 a.m. on the day of treatment as baseline, and on the 7 days following the injection. Results: The mean capillary blood glucose level was significantly higher at the day 1 post-treatment visit (218.3 ± 70 mg/dl) than at baseline (138.3 ± 21 mg/dl) in the diabetic group (p< 0.001). On day 4 post-treatment, capillary blood glucose remained significantly elevated compared to baseline in the diabetic patients (185.7 ± 67.8 mg/dl) (p= 0.01). Mean capillary blood glucose was significantly higher at the day 1 post-treatment visit (154.2 ± 30.1 mg/dl) than at baseline (119.3 ± 12 mg/dl) in the non-diabetic group (p< 0.001). At the day 4 post-treatment visit, capillary blood glucose remained significantly elevated compared to baseline in the non-diabetic patients (145.5 ± 55.8 mg/dl) (p= 0.01). Conclusions: The administration of triamcinolone acetonide by retrobulbar injection was followed by elevations in capillary glycemia in diabetic and non-diabetic patients, but severe hyperglycemia was observed only in the diabetic group.

Objetivo: Estudiar las alteraciones en el control glucémico como efecto secundario sistémico de una inyección retrobulbar de acetónido de triamcinolona en pacientes diabéticos y no diabéticos. Material y método: Se estudiaron 40 pacientes (25 hombres y 15 mujeres, 20 diabéticos y 20 no diabéticos). En cada uno se realizó una inyección retrobulbar con 1 ml de acetónido de triamcinolona (40 mg) y se estudió la glucosa capilar a las 8 de la mañana, en condiciones basales y durante los 7 días post- inyección. Resultados: La glucosa capilar media fue significativamente mayor en el día 1 post-tratamiento (218,3 ± 70 mg/dl) que la basal (138,3 ± 21 mg/dl) en el grupo diabético (p< 0,001). En el 4º día post-tratamiento, la glucemia capilar permanecía significativamente elevada comparada con la cifra basal (185,7 ± 67,8 mg/dl) (p= 0,01). La glucosa capilar media en el grupo de pacientes no diabéticos fue significativamente mayor en el primer día post-inyección (154,2 ± 30,1 mg/dl) que la glucemia basal (119,3 ± 12 mg/dl) (p< 0,001). Al 4.º día de seguimiento, la glucemia capilar permanecía elevada comparada con la basal en el grupo no diabético (145,5 ± 55,8 mg/dl) (p= 0,01). Conclusiones: La administración de una inyección retrobulbar de acetónido de triamcinolona fue seguida por elevaciones en la glucemia capilar en pacientes diabéticos y no diabéticos, pero hiperglucemias severas fueron observadas en el grupo de diabéticos.

Lower limb compartment syndrome is an unusual complication of the genu-pectoral position in lumbar spine surgery. We report a case of compartment syndrome in a patient who was operated in the genu- pectoral position for lumbar schwannoma resection. Overweigth and long time surgery could be important predisposing factors. Early diagnosis and treatment are mandatory to prevent permanent neurological deficits and other possible complications.

Los síndromes compartimentales de las extremidades inferiores, son una complicación muy infrecuente de la posición genupectoral en la cirugía de columna lumbar. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con síndrome compartimental bilateral en ambos miembros inferiores, tras ser intervenido de un schwannoma lumbar en posición de genupectoral. El sobrepeso y la larga duración del acto quirúrgico podrían ser factores predisponentes para desarrollar esta patología. El diagnóstico y tratamientos precoces son imprescindibles para evitar déficits neurológicos permanentes y otras posibles complicaciones.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) in the scalp are infrequent vascular lesions. Its clinical presentation varies from annoying and unaesthetic mass of the skin to devastating hemorrhages. Its origin can be congenital or traumatic. The diagnosis of AVM is based on physical examination and confirmed by internal and external carotid angiography. Nowadays the gold standard treatment is the surgical intervention although the endovascular approach is gaining field in order to reduce blood losses as presurgical or like lonely treatment. A 50 year old woman was admitted with a huge mass in scalp, with subcutaneous enlarged vessels and no other symptoms. A head traumatic antecedent had occurred 12 years before. The angiography evidenced a mottled AVM with blood supplies from the external and internal carotid arteries, with meningeal transosseous branches from both ophthalmic arteries. Endovascular treatment could not be performed due to high risk of uni- or bilateral amaurosis. Thus, a conventional surgical treatment was done without complications. The treatment of AVM of scalp offers various possibilities but the individualization of each case becomes essential to decide the correct management in order to avoid complications.

Las malformaciones arteriovenosas (MAV) en el cuero cabelludo son lesiones vasculares muy infrecuentes. Sus síntomas son variados, desde molestas y antiestéticas tumoraciones de la piel, hasta hemorragias que pueden ser devastadoras. Su origen puede ser congénito o traumático. El diagnóstico de las mismas es clínico, mediante la inspección del enfermo, y la angiografía de las carótidas interna y externa confirma el diagnóstico. Las posibilidades terapéuticas son variadas, siendo la extirpación quirúrgica el tratamiento de elección, aunque cada vez se utiliza más el tratamiento endovascular como tratamiento único o prequirúrgico, para disminuir las pérdidas hemáticas. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 50 años de edad que presentaba una gran tumoración en cuero cabelludo, con dilataciones vasculares muy marcadas y sin otra sintomatología asociada. Describió un antecedente traumático hacía 12 años. La angiografía mostró una MAV abigarrada, con aporte vascular de la carótida externa y también de la interna, a cargo de ramas meníngeas transoseas provenientes de arterias etmoidales y dependientes de ambas arterias oftálmicas. El tratamiento endovascular de los aportes intracraneales no fue posible, debido al alto riesgo de amaurosis uni o bilateral, por lo que la lesión se resecó quirúrgicamente, sin presentarse complicaciones. El tratamiento de las MAV de cuero cabelludo ofrece diversas posibilidades pero se hace imprescindible la individualización de cada caso a la hora de decidir el abordaje correcto para evitar las posibles complicaciones.