Abstract Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility, disease activity, and phenotypic association of serum anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody (ASCA), perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (pANCA), PR3-ANCA, and MPO-ANCA in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: Pediatric patients diagnosed with IBD were recruited and classified as Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and IBD-unclassified (IBD-U) through full investigation. The Paris classification was used to evaluate disease phenotypes of pediatric CD and UC. Results: In all, 229 pediatric patients with IBD (CD 147, UC 53, IBD-U 29) were included. The ASCA IgG seropositivity significantly differed among the three groups (CD 75.4%, UC 17.5%, and IBD-U 60.0%; p < 0.001). PR3-ANCA positive rates were the highest in UC (24.0%), followed by IBD-U (17.6%), and none in CD (p = 0.002); pANCA-positive rates were higher in IBD-U (33.6%), followed by UC (28.0%) than in CD (1.4%) (p < 0.001). Regarding disease phenotype, perianal disease revealed higher serum ASCA IgG titers (median 36.7 U/mL in P1 vs. 25.2 U/mL in P0, p = 0.019). Serum ASCA IgG and IgA cutoff values to distinguish CD were 32.7 (U/mL) and 11.9 (U/mL), respectively, with a specificity of 80.0%. Conclusion: Serological biomarkers of ASCA IgG and IgA were effective for differentiating CD in pediatric IBD patients, and serum pANCA and PR3-ANCA, but not MPO-ANCA, were effective in distinguishing UC and IBD-U. Furthermore, measuring serological titers of ASCA IgG and IgA may help differentiate CD and evaluate the disease activity and phenotype of pediatric IBD in practice. Objective utility antiSaccharomyces anti Saccharomyces ASCA, , (ASCA) antineutrophil neutrophil pANCA, (pANCA) PR3ANCA, PR3ANCA PRANCA PR3 ANCA, ANCA PR MPOANCA MPO IBD. . (IBD) Methods Crohns Crohn s CD, (CD) UC, (UC) IBDunclassified unclassified IBDU U (IBD-U investigation Results all 22 147 53 29 included 754 75 4 75.4% 175 17 5 17.5% 60.0% 600 60 0 0.001. 0001 0.001 001 0.001) 24.0%, 240 24.0% 24 (24.0%) 17.6%, 176 17.6% 6 (17.6%) 0.002 0002 002 0.002) pANCApositive 33.6%, 336 33.6% 33 (33.6%) 28.0% 280 28 (28.0% 1.4% 14 1 (1.4% median 367 36 7 36. UmL mL P vs 252 25 2 25. P0 0.019. 0019 0.019 019 0.019) 327 32 32. (U/mL 119 11 9 11. U/mL, respectively 800 80 80.0% Conclusion MPOANCA, IBDU. U. Furthermore practice (ASCA (pANCA (IBD (UC 75.4 17.5 60.0 000 0.00 00 24.0 (24.0% 17.6 (17.6% 33.6 3 (33.6% 28.0 (28.0 1.4 (1.4 0.01 01 8 80.0 75. 17. 60. 0.0 24. (24.0 (17.6 33. (33.6 28. (28. 1. (1. 80. 0. (24. (17. (33. (28 (1 (24 (17 (33 (2 ( (3

Abstract Background: Early identification of patients at risk of AKI after cardiac surgery is of critical importance for optimizing perioperative management and improving outcomes. This study aimed to identify the association between preoperative myoglobin levels and postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing valve surgery or coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: This retrospective study included 293 patients aged over 17 years who underwent valve surgery or CABG with cardiopulmonary bypass. We excluded 87 patients as they met the exclusion criteria. Therefore, 206 patients were included in the final analysis. The patients’ demographics as well as intraoperative and postoperative data were collected from electronic medical records. AKI was defined according to the Acute Kidney Injury Network classification system. Results: Of the 206 patients included in this study, 77 developed AKI. The patients who developed AKI were older, had a history of hypertension, underwent valve surgery with concomitant CABG, had lower preoperative hemoglobin levels, and experienced prolonged extracorporeal circulation (ECC) times. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that preoperative myoglobin levels and ECC time were correlated with the development of AKI. A higher preoperative myoglobin level was an independent risk factor for the development of cardiac surgery-associated AKI. Conclusions: Higher preoperative myoglobin levels may enable physicians to identify patients at risk of developing AKI and optimize management accordingly. Background outcomes (AKI (CABG Methods 29 1 8 criteria Therefore 20 records system Results 7 older hypertension (ECC times surgeryassociated associated Conclusions accordingly 2

Abstract Background and objective Advances in surgical technique, postoperative management, and immunosuppressive therapy have led to a steady increase in the number of patients undergoing organ transplantation. This study aimed to compare the incidence of postoperative complications between young and elderly patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) at a single university hospital. Method The medical records of 253 patients who underwent LT between January 2010 and July 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups: those younger than 65 years (group Y, n = 231) and those older than 65 years (group O, n = 22). Data on patient demographics, perioperative management, and postoperative complications were collected. Results The patients' baseline characteristics, including underlying diseases and the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease scores, were not different between groups. Preoperative laboratory findings were not significantly different between the two groups, except for hemoglobin level. The total amounts of infused fluid and packed red blood cells were higher in group O than in group Y. The postoperative plasma creatinine level was higher in group O than in group Y; however, the incidence of postoperative complications was not considerably different between the two groups. In addition, there was no difference in the survival rate after LT depending on age. Conclusion With the development of medical technology, LT in elderly patients is not an operation to be avoided, and the prognosis is expected to improve. Therefore, continuous efforts to understand the disease characteristics and physical differences in elderly patients who require LT are essential.

ABSTRACT The present study investigated the impacts of additional feeding (AF; containing 16% excess feed than control diet in the last two weeks of gestation) during late gestation period and different backfat thickness (BFT) including low (<20 mm) and high (≥20 mm) backfat on reproductive performance, litter size, blood metabolites, hormonal profiles, colostrum, and milk composition of sows from day 90 of gestation to farrowing, and from farrowing to weaning during summer (average 28.3 °C). Fifty-four crossbred sows (Yorkshire × Landrace) were allotted to one of four treatments according to a 2×2 factorial arrangement. There was no AF×BFT interaction for any of the measured variables. The body weight change of sows was decreased for <20 mm in BFT and AF treatments during late gestation and farrowing to weaning periods. The BFT change of sows was higher in AF during late gestation and higher in ≥20 mm BFT during late gestation and farrowing to weaning periods. There were no effects of AF and BFT on the average daily feed intake and weaning-to-oestrus interval; however, sows in AF groups had a greater litter uniformity at birth and initial litter weight. Hormone profiles, colostrum, and milk composition of sows were not different among the treatments. Additional feeding during the last two weeks of gestation increases initial litter size in summer; however, final litter weight is not affected.

SUMMARY: This study was aimed to provide accurate parameters to localize the nerve endings for subclavius muscle belly and to investigate the basic information on nerve innervations on subclavius muscle. Twenty-two adult non-embalmed cadavers (7 males and 4 females) with a mean age of 68.7 years (range, 43-88 years) were enrolled for the present study. For measurements, the most prominent point of the sternal end of the clavicle (SEC) on anterior view and the most prominent point of the acromial end of the clavicle (AEC) were identified as the reference point. A line connecting the SEC and AEC was used as a reference line. Among all the measured points, 92.2 % of the points were gathered from 40 to 60 distances on the reference line. In one male specimen, both the sides of the nerve to the subclavius were merged with the phrenic nerve. It is further hypothesized that the basic anatomical results about the nerve branching pattern will be helpful in the clinical field.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue proporcionar parámetros precisos para localizar las terminaciones nerviosas correspondientes al músculo subclavio e investigar la información básica sobre la inervación de los nervios en el músculo subclavio. Fueron incluidos 22 cadáveres adultos no fijados (7 hombres y 4 mujeres) con una edad media de 68,7 años (rango: 43-88 años). Para las mediciones se identificaron como punto de referencia, el punto más prominente del extremo esternal de la clavícula (SEC) en la vista anterior y el punto más prominente de la parte acromial de la clavícula (AEC). Se utilizó una línea que conecta la SEC y AEC como línea de referencia. Entre todos los puntos medidos, el 92,2 % de los puntos se obtuvieron de 40 a 60 distancias en la línea de referencia. En un espécimen masculino, a ambos lados, el nervio del músculo subclavio se presentó fusionado con el nervio frénico. Además, se plantea la hipótesis de que los resultados anatómicos básicos sobre el patrón de ramificación nerviosa serán útiles en el campo clínico.

Resumen Antecedentes: El ensilado de cama de champiñón desechada (SMS) generalmente aumenta la digestibilidad y la calidad de sus nutrientes. Objetivo: Determinar la calidad del alimento y digestibilidad del SMS a partir de Pleurotus ostreatus (SMSP) inoculado con bacterias ácido-lácticas (LAB: Lactobacillus brevis) en bueyes Hanwoo. Métodos: La desaparición ruminal del SMSP y ISMSP (SMSP inoculado) fue evaluada en tres bueyes Hanwoo fistulados en el rumen (408 ± 13,0 Kg peso corporal). Igualmente, tres bueyes Hanwoo sanos (336 ± 69,0 Kg peso corporal) fueron asignados al azar a uno de los tres tratamientos dietéticos (control: 25% de heno, 75% de concentrados; tratamientos: 25% de heno, 60% de concentrados y 15% de SMSPo ISMSP) en un diseño cuadrado latino 3×3. Resultados: La composición química de la dieta ISMSP no difirió de la del control o de la dieta SMSP. En la dieta ISMSP, la tasa de disminución del pH del fluido ruminal y el incremento del tiempo de almacenamiento fueron mayores que los de la dieta SMSP. La desaparición ruminal de la materia seca, proteína cruda, fibra detergente neutra y la fibra detergente ácida fue ligeramente superior en los bueyes alimentados con el ISMSPque en aquellos alimentados con SMSP. Además, la tasa de degradación y la degradabilidad efectiva de la proteína cruda fueron mayores en la dieta ISMSPque en la dieta SMSP. Las características de la fermentación ruminal efectiva y la digestibilidad total de nutrientes no fueron afectadas por la dieta SMSP ni por la de ISMSP. Conclusión: Las dietas SMSPe ISMSP podrían reemplazar el concentrado formulado sin efectos adversos y ser una alimentación económica para los bueyes Hanwoo. Además, la inoculación con LAB mejoró la conservación del SMSP.

Abstract Background: Ensiling spent mushroom substrate (SMS) generally increases its nutrient digestibility and quality. Objective: To determine the feed quality and digestibility of SMS from Pleurotus ostreatus (SMSP) inoculated with lactic acid bacteria (LAB: Lactobacillus brevis) in Hanwoo steers. Methods: Ruminal disappearance of SMSP and inoculated SMSP (ISMSP) were evaluated in three rumen-fistulated Hanwoo steers (408 ± 13.0 Kg body weight). Further, three healthy Hanwoo steers (336 ± 69.0 Kg body weight) were randomly allotted to one of three dietary treatments (control: 25% straw, 75% concentrates; treatments: 25% straw, 60% concentrates, and 15% of either SMSP or ISMSP) in a 3×3 Latin square design. Results: The chemical composition of the ISMSP diet did not differ from that of the control or the SMSP diets. In the ISMSP diet, the rate of decrease of pH of ruminal fluid and the increase in storage period was greater than with the SMSP diet. Ruminal disappearance of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were slightly higher in steers fed ISMSP than those fed SMSP. Furthermore, the degradation rate and effective degradability of crude protein was greater in the ISMSP diet than in the SMSP diet. Effective ruminal fermentation characteristics and total nutrients digestibility were not affected by SMSP nor ISMSP diet. Conclusion: The SMSP and ISMSP diets could replace formulated concentrate without adverse effects and be a cost-effective feed for Hanwoo steers. Furthermore, LAB inoculation improved the SMSP preservation.

Resumo Antecedentes: Ensilagem de resíduo de substrato de cogumelo (SMS) geralmente aumenta a digestibilidade e a qualidade dos nutrientes. Objetivo: Determinar a qualidade da alimentação e digestibilidade do RSC apartir do Pleurotus ostreatus (SMSP) inoculado com bactérias de ácido láctico (LAB: Lactobacillus brevis) nos novilhos Hanwoo. Métodos: Desaparecimento ruminal do SMSP e ISMSP (SMSP inoculado) foram avaliados em três novilhos Hanwoo fistulados no rúmen (408 ± 13.0 Kg peso corporal). Além disso, três novilhos Hanwoo (336 ± 69.0 Kg peso corporal) foram aleatoriamente distribuídos para um dos três tratamentos dietéticos (controle: 25% palha, 75% concentrado; tratamentos: 25% palha, 60% concentrado, e 15% ambos SMSP e ISMSP) em um quadrado Latino de 3×3. Resultados: A composição química da dieta ISMSP não diferiu do controle ou das dietas SMSP. Na dieta ISMSP, a taxa de diminuição do pH do fluido ruminal e o aumento no período de armazenamento foram melhores do que com a dieta SMSP. O desaparecimento ruminal de matéria seca, proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro, e fibra detergente ácido foi ligeiramente superior em novilhos alimentados com ISMSP, do que aqueles alimentados com SMSP. Além disso, a taxa de degradação e degradabilidade da proteína bruta foi maior na dieta ISMSP, do que na dieta SMSP. As características efetivas de fermentação ruminal e a digestibilidade total de nutrientes não foram afetadas pela dieta SMSP, nem pela dieta ISMSP. Conclusão: Dietas com SMSP e ISMSP podem ser utilizados em substituição ao concentrado formulado sem causar efeitos adversos e ser um alimento rentável em novilhos Hanwoo. Além disso, a inoculação com LAB melhorou a qualidade conservante da SMSP.