RESUMEN Introducción: El entrenamiento pliométrico consiste en un compuesto de estiramientos seguido de una contracción inmediata, favoreciendo las propiedades elásticas de los tejidos blandos con el objetivo de promover una mayor fuerza explosiva en los deportistas. Objetivo: Explorar los impactos del entrenamiento pliométrico sobre la fuerza explosiva en los miembros inferiores de los practicantes de gimnasia aeróbica. Métodos: En este experimento, se seleccionaron un total de 16 atletas de gimnasia aeróbica y se dividieron en dos grupos: el grupo de control y el grupo experimental. El grupo de control siguió con su entrenamiento habitual mientras que al grupo experimental se le añadió un protocolo pliométrico específico para el deporte. Resultados: El entrenamiento compuesto de pliometría puede mejorar la capacidad de correr distancias cortas de los atletas de gimnasia aeróbica, se evidenció estadísticamente el efecto de correr 5m en salida y 10m en salida, sin embargo, la carrera de 20m no tuvo resultados diferentes. Conclusión: La potencia explosiva de los miembros inferiores en diferentes actividades está relacionada con el entrenamiento específico de los atletas de gimnasia aeróbica centrado en los músculos correspondientes a la actividad, evidenciando una correlación positiva significativa. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento. Introducción inmediata deportistas Objetivo Métodos experimento 1 grupos deporte Resultados m embargo Conclusión actividad significativa II tratamiento

RESUMO Introdução: O treinamento pliométrico consiste num composto de alongamento seguido de imediata contração, favorecendo as propriedades elásticas dos tecidos moles visando promover uma maior força de explosão nos atletas. Objetivo: Explorar os impactos da pliometria sobre a força explosiva nos membros inferiores dos praticantes de ginástica aeróbica. Métodos: Neste experimento, um total de 16 atletas em ginástica aeróbica foram selecionados e divididos em dois grupos: o grupo de controle e o grupo experimental. O grupo controle permaneceu com seu treinamento usual enquanto ao grupo experimental foi acrescido um protocolo pliométrico específico para o esporte. Resultados: O treinamento composto de pliometria pode melhorar a capacidade de corrida de curta distância de atletas de ginástica aeróbica, o efeito de correr 5m em largada e 10m em largada foi estatisticamente evidenciado, porém a corrida de 20m não teve resultados diferentes. Conclusão: O poder explosivo dos membros inferiores em diferentes atividades está relacionado ao treinamento específico dos atletas de ginástica aeróbica focado nos músculos correspondentes à atividade, evidenciando uma correlação positiva significativa. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento. Introdução contração Objetivo Métodos experimento 1 grupos esporte Resultados m evidenciado Conclusão atividade significativa II tratamento

ABSTRACT Introduction: Plyometric training consists of a compound of stretching followed by immediate contraction, favoring the elastic properties of the soft tissues and aiming to promote a higher explosive force in the athletes. Objective: Explore the impact of plyometrics on aerobic gymnastics practitioners' explosive force in the lower limbs. Methods: In this experiment, a total of 16 aerobic gymnastics athletes were selected and divided into two groups: the control group and the experimental group. The control group remained with their usual training, while a sport-specific plyometric protocol was added to the experimental group. Results: Composite plyometric training can improve the short-distance running ability of aerobic gymnastics athletes; the effect of running 5m in the start and 10m in the start was statistically evidenced. However, the 20m run had similar results. Conclusion: The explosive power of the lower limbs in different activities is related to the specific training of aerobic gymnastics athletes focused on the muscles corresponding to the activity, showing a significant positive correlation. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes. Introduction contraction Objective practitioners Methods experiment 1 groups sportspecific sport Results shortdistance short distance m evidenced However results Conclusion activity correlation II outcomes

RESUMO Introdução O treinamento de força é uma modalidade de treinamento vital para a prática de esportes. O treinamento de força da parte superior do corpo é fundamental para o arremesso. A atividade aeróbica pode efetivamente desenvolver a força nos membros superiores de atletas arremessadores. Objetivo Analisar o efeito do treinamento aeróbico sobre a força dos membros superiores de atletas arremessadores. Métodos Selecionou-se vários arremessadores de bolas como voluntários de pesquisa. Estes foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo de controle e experimental. O trabalho adotou o método do estabelecimento de estatísticas para analisar a força e o desempenho dos atletas arremessadores antes e depois do treinamento de aeróbica. Paralelamente, este trabalho também analisou a relação entre a aeróbica e a capacidade de arremesso. Resultados Houve diferenças significativas na força dos membros superiores dos atletas arremessadores após a intervenção aeróbica (P<0,05). A força do grupo experimental foi significativamente aperfeiçoada (P<0,05). Conclusão O método de intervenção aeróbica é uma maneira eficaz de melhorar a força nos membros superiores de atletas arremessadores. Recomenda-se aos atletas aplicar o treinamento da força dos membros superiores ao treinamento diário. O método de treinamento de aeróbica é uma escolha segura e eficaz. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction Strength training is a vital training modality for sports. Upper body strength training is critical for throwing. Aerobic activity can effectively develop upper body strength in throwing athletes. Objective Analyze the effect of aerobic training on upper body strength in throwing athletes. Methods Several ball pitchers were selected as research volunteers. They were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The study adopted the method of establishing statistics to analyze the strength and performance of throwing athletes before and after aerobic training. This work also analyzed the relationship between aerobics and throwing ability. Results There were significant differences in the upper limb strength of throwing athletes after aerobic intervention (P<0.05). The strength of the experimental group was significantly improved (P<0.05). Conclusion The aerobic intervention method is an effective way to improve upper limb strength in throwing athletes. It is recommended that athletes apply upper limb strength training to their daily training. The aerobic training method is a safe and effective choice. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción El entrenamiento de fuerza es una modalidad de entrenamiento vital para la práctica deportiva. El entrenamiento de la fuerza de la parte superior del cuerpo es fundamental para el lanzamiento. La actividad aeróbica puede desarrollar eficazmente la fuerza en los miembros superiores de los atletas de lanzamiento. Objetivo Analizar el efecto del entrenamiento aeróbico en la fuerza de la parte superior del cuerpo de los atletas de lanzamiento. Métodos Se seleccionaron varios lanzadores de pelota como voluntarios para la investigación. Se dividieron aleatoriamente en grupos de control y experimental. El trabajo adoptó el método de establecer estadísticas para analizar la fuerza y el rendimiento de los atletas de lanzamiento antes y después del entrenamiento aeróbico. Paralelamente, este trabajo también analizó la relación entre el aeróbic y la capacidad de lanzamiento. Resultados Hubo diferencias significativas en la fuerza de las extremidades superiores de los atletas de lanzamiento después de la intervención aeróbica (P<0,05). La fuerza del grupo experimental mejoró significativamente (P<0,05). Conclusión El método de intervención aeróbica es una forma eficaz de mejorar la fuerza de las extremidades superiores en los atletas de lanzamiento. Se recomienda que los deportistas apliquen el entrenamiento de fuerza de las extremidades superiores en su entrenamiento diario. El método de entrenamiento aeróbico es una opción segura y eficaz. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução A obesidade não é apenas um fator patogênico chave da hipertensão e da hiperlipidemia na síndrome metabólica, mas também um fator de risco independente de doença cardiovascular que leva a baixa resistência cardiorrespiratória. Objetivo Explorar as alterações na adaptação da resistência cardiorrespiratória em obesos causadas pelo exercício aeróbico. Métodos Foi proposto um modelo de exercício cardiorrespiratório para pessoas obesas sob diferentes otimizações com base em variáveis-chave e análise de agrupamento. O modelo analisa a relação entre o exercício e a resistência cardiorrespiratória de pessoas obesas, extrai as características do índice de resistência cardiorrespiratória de pessoas obesas sob diferentes níveis de exercício e agrupa suas diferentes características de índice. Resultados A diferença entre a frequência cardíaca do modelo proposto e a frequência cardíaca real é de 0,11, a diferença entre a frequência cardíaca do modelo e a frequência cardíaca real é de 4,28, e a diferença entre a frequência cardíaca do modelo e a frequência cardíaca real é de 2,84, e a precisão do modelo proposto é a mais alta. Conclusão O modelo proposto neste trabalho pode analisar com precisão os efeitos de diferentes frequências de exercícios aeróbicos sobre a resistência cardiorrespiratória. Nível de evidência II; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação de Resultados.

ABSTRACT Introduction Obesity is a critical pathogenic factor of hypertension and hyperlipidemia in metabolic syndrome and an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease leading to low cardiorespiratory endurance. Objective Explore the changes in cardiorespiratory endurance adaptation on obese subjects caused by aerobic exercise. Methods A cardiorespiratory exercise model was proposed for obese people under different optimizations based on critical variables and cluster analysis. This model analyzes the relationship between exercise and cardiorespiratory endurance in obese people, extracts the cardiorespiratory endurance index characteristics of obese people under different exercise levels, and clusters their different index characteristics. Results The difference between the heart rate of the proposed model and the actual heart rate is 0.11, the difference between the heart rate of the model and the actual heart rate is 4.28, and the difference between the heart rate of the model and the actual heart rate is 2.84, and the accuracy of the proposed model is the highest. Conclusion The model proposed in this paper can accurately analyze the effects of different aerobic exercise frequencies on cardiorespiratory endurance. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the result.

RESUMEN Introducción La obesidad no sólo es un factor patogénico clave de la hipertensión y la hiperlipidemia en el síndrome metabólico, sino también un factor de riesgo independiente de enfermedad cardiovascular que conduce a una baja resistencia cardiorrespiratoria. Objetivo Explorar los cambios en la adaptación de la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria en sujetos obesos provocados por el ejercicio aeróbico. Métodos Se propuso un modelo de ejercicio cardiorrespiratorio para personas obesas bajo diferentes optimizaciones basadas en variables-clave y en el análisis de grupos. El modelo analiza la relación entre el ejercicio y la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria en las personas obesas, extrae las características del índice de resistencia cardiorrespiratoria de las personas obesas bajo diferentes niveles de ejercicio y agrupa sus diferentes características del índice. Resultados La diferencia entre la frecuencia cardíaca del modelo propuesto y la frecuencia cardíaca real es de 0,11, la diferencia entre la frecuencia cardíaca del modelo y la frecuencia cardíaca real es de 4,28, y la diferencia entre la frecuencia cardíaca del modelo y la frecuencia cardíaca real es de 2,84, y la precisión del modelo propuesto es la más alta. Conclusión El modelo propuesto en este trabajo puede analizar con precisión los efectos de diferentes frecuencias de ejercicio aeróbico en la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Inconel 718 alloy which was prepared using selective laser melting (SLM) forming technology underwent various annealing treatments. Optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, electron backscattered diffraction and MTS testing machine were used to study the microstructure, mechanical and fatigue properties of Inconel 718 alloy melted by selective laser melting under different annealing treatments. The results show that the microstructure of Inconel 718 alloy after homogenization and doubleaging annealing is the most obvious, and the microstructure of the alloy is mainly recrystallized. The microstructure contains a large number of annealing twins and the grain boundaries are flat. The yield strength, tensile strength and microhardness of Inconel 718 alloy formed by selective laser melting after different annealing treatments are greatly increased, while the elongation after fracture is significantly decreased. The fatigue properties of Inconel 718 alloy after double aging annealing and solution dual aging annealing are improved slightly, while the fatigue properties after uniform double aging annealing are decreased slightly.

Naringin (Nar) has been reported to exert potential hepatoprotective effects against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced injury. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in APAP-induced liver injury. However, the protective mechanism of Nar against mitochondrial damage has not been elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of Nar against APAP and the possible mechanisms of actions. Primary rat hepatocytes and HepG2 cells were utilized to establish an in vitro model of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. The effect of APAP and Nar on cell viability was evaluated by a CCK8 assay and detection of the concentrations of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase. The cellular concentrations of biomarkers of oxidative stress were measured by ELISA. The mRNA expression levels of APAP-related phase II enzymes were determined by real-time PCR. The protein levels of Nrf2, phospho (p)-AMPK/AMPK, and biomarkers of mitochondrial dynamics were determined by western blot analysis. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured by high-content analysis and confocal microscopy. JC-1 staining was performed to evaluate mitochondrial depolarization. Nar pretreatment notably prevented the marked APAP-induced hepatocyte injury, increases in oxidative stress marker expression, reductions in the expression of phase II enzymes, significant loss of MMP, mitochondrial depolarization, and mitochondrial fission in vitro. In conclusion, Nar alleviated APAP-induced hepatocyte and mitochondrial injury by activating the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway to reduce oxidative stress in vitro. Applying Nar for the treatment of APAP-induced liver injury might be promising.

Scorpion venom is a Chinese medicine for epilepsy treatment, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. Scorpion venom heat-resistant peptide (SVHRP), a peptide isolated from the venom of Buthus martensii Karsch, has an anti-epileptic effect by reducing seizure behavior according to a modified Racine scale. The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of SVHRP on temporal lobe epilepsy. The hippocampus and hippocampal neurons from kainic acid-induced epileptic rats were treated with SVHRP at different doses and duration. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting were used to detect the expression level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neuropeptide Y (NPY), cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), stromal interaction molecule (STIM), and calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 (ORAI1). In the hippocampal tissues and primary hippocampal neuron cultures, SVHRP treatment resulted in increased mRNA and protein levels of BDNF and NPY under the epileptic condition. The upregulation of BDNF and NPY expression was positively correlated with the dose level and treatment duration of SVHRP in hippocampal tissues from kainic acid-induced epileptic rats. On the other hand, no significant changes in the levels of CREB, STIM, or ORAI1 were observed. SVHRP may exhibit an anti-epileptic effect by upregulating the expression of BDNF and NPY in the epileptic hippocampus.

Abstract Aroma differences are generally sensed in white- and red-fleshed loquats. Here, volatile compounds in four white- and three red-fleshed loquat varieties were investigated by headspace solid-phase microextraction and combined analysis of electronic nose (e-nose) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In total, 83 volatile compounds were identified, and 33 were common in all of the cultivars. D-limonene, hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, octanal and nonanal were the most abundant volatile compounds. β-cyclocitral and β-ionone were only detected in red-fleshed varieties. Furthermore, Huayu Seedless 1 (triploid white-fleshed loquats) with low levels of terpenoid compounds detected by GC-MS were clearly differentiated from the other cultivars tested by principal component analysis (PCA), which was consistent with the e-nose results. PCA analysis showed that Huabai 1(white flesh cultivar)had a prominent volatile profile characterized by higher concentrations of C6 aldehydes and alcohols, (E)-2-hexanal, (Z)-3-hexenal and hexanal, (Z)-3-hexenol, (E)-2-hexenol and hexanol. In comparison with red-fleshed loquats, white-fleshed loquats were characterized by high aldehydes content. These volatile compounds served to recognize and classify all of the analysed varieties.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation has attracted attention for the treatment of liver cirrhosis and end-stage liver diseases. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the effect of different methods of BMSCs transplantation in the treatment of liver cirrhosis in rats. Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 7 groups: 10 were used to extract BMSCs, 10 were used as normal group, and the remaining 52 rats were randomly divided into five groups for testing: control group, BMSCs group, BMSCs+granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) group, and BMSCs+Jisheng Shenqi decoction (JSSQ) group. After the end of the intervention course, liver tissue sections of rats were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining, and pathological grades were scored. Liver function [aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB)] and hepatic fibrosis markers [hyaluronidase (HA), laminin (LN), type III procollagen (PCIII), type IV collagen (CIV)] were measured. BMSCs+JSSQ group had the best effect of reducing ALT and increasing ALB after intervention therapy (P<0.05). The reducing pathological scores and LN, PCIII, CIV of BMSCs+G-CSF group and BMSCs+JSSQ group after intervention therapy were significant, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The effect of JSSQ on improving stem cell transplantation in rats with liver cirrhosis was confirmed. JSSQ combined with BMSCs could significantly improve liver function and liver pathology scores of rats with liver cirrhosis.

Background Rabies is very common in People’s Republic of China. Henan province, in the central portion of China, is one of the most densely populated provinces in the entire country. With the new rabies epidemic trend noted in northern and western China, it is necessary to investigate the characteristics of human rabies in this area and control the disease.Methods We chose patients in hospital isolation in 18 municipalities in Henan province as the investigation subjects. Data were collected through systematic reporting from these hospitals, whereas a questionnaire was applied to the relatives of patients.Results A total of 1022 rabies cases were reported. The incidence of human rabies in Henan has increased rapidly since 2005, having peaked in 2007, and maintained a high level in the remaining years. The cases were found mainly in rural areas in the south and east of the province. Rabies was often noted in summer and with the highest number in August. Most cases were noted in males and often in farmers. The patients aged between 40 and 60 years accounted for 36.8 % of all the cases. The wound treatment rate (12.2 %) and vaccination rate (2.6 %) of rabies cases after exposure were relatively low, while the rabies immunoglobulin utilization rate was only 2.8 %.Conclusions Rabies epidemic cases at the county level overall were increasing in Henan province during the period of 2005–2013; the epidemic has spread quickly. The data in this study imply that the disease could be better managed by more integrated surveillance across human health and veterinary sectors, improved education and better government policies.

STGC3 is a potential tumor suppressor that inhibits the growth of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2; the expression of this protein is reduced in nasopharyngeal carcinoma compared with normal nasopharyngeal tissue. In this study, we investigated the tumor-suppressing activity of STGC3 in nude mice injected subcutaneously with Tet/pTRE-STGC3/CNE2 cells. STGC3 expression was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of doxycycline (Dox). The volume mean of Tet/pTRE-STGC3/CNE2+Dox xenografts was smaller than that of Tet/pTRE/CNE2+Dox xenografts. In addition, Tet/pTRE-STGC3/CNE2+Dox xenografts showed an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells, a decrease in Bcl-2 protein expression and an increase in Bax protein expression. A proteomic approach was used to assess the protein expression profile associated with STGC3-mediated apoptosis. Western blotting confirmed the differential up-regulation of prohibitin seen in proteomic analysis. These results indicate that overexpression of STGC3 inhibits xenograft growth in nude mice by enhancing apoptotic cell death through altered expression of apoptosis-related proteins such as Bcl-2, Bax and prohibitin. These data contribute to our understanding of the function of STGC3 in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma and provide new clues for investigating other STGC3-associated tumors.