RESUMO Entre genes candidatos para a doença de Parkinson (PD), SNCA foi replicado em diferentes populações. Além de outras mutações conhecidas no gene SNCA, a variante rs3857059 também tem sido associada a várias doenças neurodegenerativas. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi o de procurar variante de associação e PD esporádica em pacientes mestiços mexicanos. Um estudo de caso-controle foi executado, incluindo 241 indivíduos, 106 pacientes e 135 controles saudáveis. A genotipagem foi realizada utilizando PCR em tempo real. A variante rs3857059 se mostrou associada a PD em mexicano-mestiços (OR = 2,40, IC 1,1-5,1, p = 0,02) sob o modelo recessivo. Além disso, um efeito de gênero foi encontrado para o genótipo GG no sexo feminino (OR = 1,31, CI, 1,01-1,7, p = 0,037). Este é o primeiro estudo que confirma associação da variante rs3857059 para a PD e também um efeito de gênero. Nossos dados contribuem para elucidar suscetibilidade à PD observada na população mexicana-mestiça.

ABSTRACT Among the candidate genes for Parkinson’s disease (PD), SNCA has replicated association in different populations. Besides other known mutations in the SNCA gene, the rs3857059 variant has also been linked to various neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to search for association of this variant and sporadic PD in Mexican Mestizo patients. A case-control study was performed including 241 individuals, 106 patients, and 135 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed using real-time PCR. The rs3857059 variant demonstrated an association with PD in Mexican Mestizos (OR = 2.40, CI, 1.1 to 5.1, p = 0.02) under the recessive model. In addition, a gender effect was found for the GG genotype in females (OR = 1.31, CI, 1.01 to 1.7, p = 0.037). This is the first study to confirm an association of the rs3857059 variant with PD and also to show a gender effect. Our data contribute to the elucidation of the link between rs3857059 and susceptibility to PD observed in the Mexican Mestizo population.

Abstract: Lipids are often added to the diet of broilers in order to improve their productive efficiency. The most widely used variety of lipids is frying fat (FF), usually recycled from restaurants, as its cost is lower than that of vegetable oil (VO). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of FF substitution by VO in standard (SED) and high energy (HED) diets on broiler's growth performance. To that aim, a total of 200 one-day-old mixed ROSS broilers (37.2 g ± 0.89 g) were fed during 42 d with two phases (starting and finishing) of 21 d each. The experimental design in each phase was completely randomized with 4 treatments with 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with the lipid source (FF and VO), the energy levels (SED and HED), and their interaction as main effects. The metabolizable energy (ME) in the starting phase was 2 994 kcal/kg and 3013 kcal/kg, and in the finishing phase was 3 081 kcal/kg and 3 111 kcal /kg in SED and HED, respectively. The lipid source (VO vs FF) did not inluence (P > 0.05) on the stu died variables. In the starting phase, broilers fed with the HED gained more weight and showed better feed conversion (P < 0.05) than birds in SED, while feed intake was similar (P > 0.05) among broilers in two diets. For the finishing phase, broilers fed with the HED gained more body weight (P < 0.05) with higher feed intake (P < 0.05) than birds fed with the SED; no effect of energy concentration on feed conversion (P > 0. 05) was observed. It was concluded that lipid source did not inluence on productive parameters, but the increase in energy concentration significantly improved the productive performance of broilers.

Resumen: En la dieta de pollos de engorde se adicionan lípidos para mejorar su eficiencia productiva, generalmente grasa de fritura (GF), reciclada de restaurantes, por tener menor costo que el aceite vegetal (AV). El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la sustitución de GF por AV en dietas estándar (DEE) y dietas altas en energía (DAE) sobre el comportamiento productivo de pollos de engorde. Se alimentó durante 42 d a 200 pollos mixtos ROSS, de un día de edad y peso promedio de 37.2 g ± 0.89 g. El estudio se realizó en dos fases de 21 d: inicio y acabado. Se usó un diseño experimental al azar con arreglo factorial 2 x 2 con la fuente de lípidos (GF y AV), la concentración de energía (DEE y DAE) y su interacción como efectos principales. La energía metabolizable en la fase de inicio fue 2 994 kcal/kg y 3 013 kcal/kg, y en la fase de acabado fue 3 081 kcal/ kg y 3 111 kcal/kg en DEE y DAE, respectivamente. La fuente de lípidos no influyó (P > 0.05) sobre las variables de estudio. En la fase de inicio, los pollos alimentados con la DAE ganaron más peso y mostraron mejor conversión alimenticia (P < 0.05) que los pollos en la DEE, aunque el consumo de alimento fue similar (P > 0.05). En la fase de acabado, los pollos alimentados con la DAE ganaron más peso (P < 0.05) y consumieron más alimento (P < 0.05) que los pollos alimentados con la DEE. No se observó efecto de la concentración de energía sobre la conversión alimenticia (P > 0.05). Se concluyó que la fuente de lípidos no influyó en los parámetros productivos, pero el incremento en concentración energética mejoró significativamente el comportamiento productivo de los pollos de engorde.

Within 'Flor de Mayo' bean type, the 'media oreja' subtype is becoming important in North-Central México; this last type has a mid-size elongated seed with showy pink color. A new bean cv. of 'media oreja' subtype is described: Flor de Mayo Eugenia (FME). FME was derived from an interracial cross between Flor de Mayo Anita (FMA) (Jalisco breed) and Rayado Rojo (Nueva Granada breed). The seed yield of FME under rainfall conditions varied from 0.8 to 2.0 t ha-1 and under irrigation the highest yield recorded was 3.8 t ha-1. The 100-seed weight of FME across different locations was significantly superior to the weight of FMA, 32 vs 26 g per 100 seeds under rainfall conditions and 35 vs 31 g per 100 seeds under irrigation conditions. In regard to seed quality, cooking time average of FME was 97 min, whereas the time of FMA was 109 min; protein content on dry weight basis was similar between both cultivars, 19%; as for iron content FME was superior to FMA with 6.1 vs 5 mg 100 g. FME is tolerant to the present races of rust in the Highland of Mexico, to antracnosis race 292 and tolerant to tizones common and the halo.

Dentro del frijol tipo Flor de Mayo, el subtipo 'media oreja' esta cobrando importancia en el norte-centro de México, éste es de tamaño mediano, forma alargada y color rosa atractivo. Se describe una nueva variedad de este tipo de frijol, Flor de Mayo Eugenia (FME). FME se derivó de una cruza interracial entre Flor de Mayo Anita (FMA) (raza Jalisco) y Rayado Rojo (raza Nueva Granada). El rendimiento promedio de FME en temporal varia de 0.8 a 2.0 t ha-1 y bajo riego el máximo rendimiento ha sido de 3.8 t ha-1. El peso de 100 semillas promedio de diferentes localidades de FME es significativamente superior al de FMA en condiciones de temporal, 32 vs 26 g 100 semillas, y riego 35 vs 31 g 100 semillas. En cuanto la calidad del grano, el tiempo promedio de cocción de FME en cocedor tipo Mattson es 97 min, mientras que el de FMA es de 109 min; el contenido promedio de proteína del grano de FME es 19% en base a peso seco, similar al de FMA, mientras que el contenido de hierro de FME resultó superior al de FMA con 6.1 vs 5 mg 100 g. FME es tolerante a las razas de roya presentes en el Altiplano de México, a la raza 292 de antracnosis y tolerante a los tizones común y de halo.