Abstract In many cases, traditional analysis of breeding trials based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) do not allow a suitable genetic evaluation. Alternatively, mixed model-based approaches create the possibility of dealing with unbalanced data and modeling spatial trends. The aims of this study were to compare the goodness-of-fit of the model and the genotype ranking through different residual modeling approaches and to select the best performing tropical wheat genotypes based on the best-fitting model. A panel of tropical wheat genotypes was evaluated in three field trials conducted between 2020 and 2021 for grain yield. Linear mixed model analyses were used on the data to estimate the genetic parameters and to predict the genotypic values in analyses of single- and multi-environment trials. Accounting for spatial trends in the analyses of single- and multi-environment trials provides better outcomes than the compound symmetry model does. cases ANOVA (ANOVA evaluation Alternatively modelbased goodnessoffit goodness fit bestfitting fitting 202 yield single multienvironment multi environment does 20 2

Abstract Species of the genus Cynodon are among the most cultivated forage crops in the world due to their high yield and nutritional quality, and its use in cattle feeding has been associated with gains in animal weight and increased milk production. The objective of this study was to model covariance structures in Cynodon spp. clones and study the changes in ranking of the selected genotypes, since it is believed that affects the ranking of genotypes. A total of 202 genotypes were evaluated in an experiment conducted in an augmented block design with four replications and four harvests. The genotypes were assessed for plant height, green weight, percentage of dry matter, and plant vigor. Nineteen repeated measures models with different covariance structures were tested. The best-fitted model adopts the CORH covariance structure for the genetic effects. Correct modeling of the covariance structure affected the ranking of genotypes in all variables evaluated. quality production spp 20 harvests height matter vigor tested bestfitted best fitted effects 2

Abstract Cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum)-based agroforestry system (AFS) can be used for restoration of vegetation around springs and riparian forests of water sources (rivers, streams, lakes etc.), subject to constant flooding. The objectives of this work were to study the relations between morphophysiological traits when flooding occurs, determining the most important to assess genotypes’ tolerance, and evaluate the ability of cupuassu genotypes to express alternative phenotypes and grow efficiently, in order to select materials capable of sustaining hypoxic conditions. The trial was carried out in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design with a 16 x 2 (16 progenies and two water regimes) factorial scheme and four replications. Treatments started six months after the seedlings were transplanted. 15 traits related to vegetative development, biomass accumulation and physiology were measured for the experimental evaluation. Correlations and principal components were estimated to study the traits’ interrelationships and identify the most important to assist progeny selection. The results revealed that, among the evaluated traits, ten were sufficient to explain the variability within the population and four were elected as the most relevant to select the best progenies. 75% of the genotypes showed tolerance to partial flooding and based on performance and plasticity, we selected G174, G48 and G56 for a broader spectrum and G44, G47 and G51 for hypoxic conditions only. The promising evidence pointed out here will need to be corroborated with field tests, so that the cupuassu tree can be recommended in the recovery of environments subject to hypoxia.

Resumo O sistema agroflorestal (SAF) à base de cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) pode ser utilizado para a recomposição da vegetação no entorno de nascentes e de matas ciliares de mananciais (rios, córregos, lagos, etc.), sujeitos a inundações constantes. Os objetivos deste estudo foram estudar a relação entre caracteres inmorfofisiológicos sob regime de alagamento, determinando quais os mais importantes para estudar a tolerância dos genótipos e para avaliar a habilidade de genótipos decupuaçuzeiro em expressar fenótipos alternativos e crescer de forma eficiente, para seleçãode materiais capazes de suportar condições de hipóxia. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação,em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 16 x 2 (16progênies e dois regimes hídricos) e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos iniciaram seismeses após o transplante das mudas. Para a avaliação experimental, foram medidos 15 caracteres relacionados ao desenvolvimento vegetativo, ao acúmulo de biomassa e às variáveisfisiológicas. Correlações entre características e componentes principais foram estimadas para estudar as inter-relações das características e identificar as mais responsivas paraauxiliar na seleção de genótipos. Os resultados revelaram que, dentre as característicasutilizadas, dez foram suficientes para explicar a variabilidade dentro da população e quatro foramescolhidas para selecionar as melhores progênies. 75% dos genótipos apresentaramtolerância ao alagamento parcial e, com base no desempenho e na plasticidade, foram selecionados G174, G48 e G56 para um espectro mais amplo, e G44, G47 e G51 apenas para condições de hipóxia.As evidências promissoras aqui levantadas precisarão ser corroboradas, com arealização de testes de campo, para que o cupuaçuzeiro possa ser recomendado narecuperaçãode ambientes sujeitos à hipóxia.

ABSTRACT. Multi-trait multi-environment (MTME) models were fitted to eucalyptus breeding trials data to assess residual variance structure, genetic stability and adaptability. To do so, 215 eucalyptus clones were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with 30 replicates and one plant per plot in four environments. At 36 months of age, tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and pilodyn penetration (PP) were measured. Two MTME models were fitted, for which residuals were considered homoscedastic and heteroscedastic, with the best MTME model selected using Bayesian information criterion. The harmonic mean of the relative performance of the genotypic values (HMRPGV) was used to determine stability and adaptability. Of the two models, the heteroscedastic MTME model had better fit and provided greater accuracy. In addition, genotype-by-environment interaction was complex, and there was low genetic correlation between DBH and PP. Rank correlation between the clones selected by the MTME models was high for DBH but low for PP. The HMRPGV facilitated clone selection through simultaneous evaluation of stability, adaptability, and productivity. Thus, our results suggest that heteroscedastic MTME model / HMRPGV can be efficiently applied in the genetic evaluation and selection of eucalyptus clones.