ABSTRACT Due to a significant amount of nutrients in its composition, swine manure (SM) is commonly used to complement or replace commercial agricultural fertilizers. However, an improper application in crops could cause negative environmental impacts, especially due to the excessive supply of nutrients in its composition. This paper aimed to evaluate the removal of total Kjedahl nitrogen (TKN) and total phosphorus (TP) from SM biodigested by the coagulation/flocculation (CF) process with organic polymers. The SM samples were collected in two distinct seasonal periods (rainy and dry seasons), with CF tests in two stages. During the first stage, slow mixing times (SMTs) of 15, 20, and 25 min were tested, and in the second stage, the coagulant (0 – 1.75 g L-1) and flocculant dosage (0 – 0.0025 g L-1) effects were evaluated. The results show that the optimal SMT was 15 min in both the seasons. In the rainy season, the highest phosphorus and nitrogen removals were 80 and 27%, respectively, while in the dry season, the highest phosphorus and nitrogen removals were 70 and 25%, respectively. The finding shows that the use of flocculants did not improve the removal of TP and TKN when compared with the control conditions. It is concluded that the CF process can be used to remove TP and TKN from SM, with a possible concentration of them in the generated sludge.

RESUMO Por conter uma quantidade significativa de nutrientes em sua composição, a água residual de suinocultura (ARS) é comumente utilizada para complementar ou substituir fertilizantes agrícolas comerciais. No entanto, a aplicação inadequada nas culturas pode causar impactos ambientais negativos, especialmente devido ao aporte excessivo de nutrientes presentes em sua composição. Neste estudo, o objetivo foi avaliar a remoção de nitrogênio total Kjedahl (NTK) e fósforo total (FT) da ARS biodigerida pelo processo de coagulação/floculação com polímeros orgânicos. As amostras de ARS foram coletadas em dois períodos sazonais distintos (estações de chuva e seca), com testes de coagulação/floculação (CF) em duas etapas. Na primeira etapa, foram testados tempos de mistura lenta (TML) de 15, 20 e 25 minutos, e na segunda etapa, foram avaliados os efeitos da dosagem do coagulante (0 – 1,75 g L-1) e do floculante (0 – 0,0025 g L-1). Os resultados indicaram que o TML ótimo foi de 15 minutos em ambas as estações. Na estação chuvosa, as maiores remoções de fósforo e nitrogênio foram de 80 e 27%, respectivamente, enquanto que na estação seca, as maiores remoções de fósforo e nitrogênio foram de 70 e 25%, respectivamente. Verificou-se que a utilização do floculante não trouxe melhorias nas remoções de FT e NTK. Conclui-se que o processo de CF pode ser empregado na remoção de FT e NTK da ARS, com possível concentração desses no lodo gerado.

Abstract Objective: To investigate the association between birth weight and excess weight among students aged 6–14 years, adjusted for life course confounding factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 6–14-year-old schoolchildren in 2010; 795 school children from two public schools. In addition, a sub-sample was selected using a case-cohort study approach. Sociodemographic, breastfeeding, food introduction, previous weight gain, family history, current clinical and behavioral variables as well as maternal variables related to pregnancy, were collected. Multivariable weighted logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between birth weight and overweight. All prevalent cases of overweight (n = 160) were selected to compose the case group and a random sub-sample of all students participating in the study (n = 276 students, of whom 88 were cases) were the control group. Results: An unadjusted 6% increase in the excess weight prevalence ratio (p-value = 0.004) was found for each 100 g increase in birth weight. With adjustment for age, sex and behavioral variables (models 1 and 2), the association of birth weight with excess weight was positive and statistically significant, but it was no longer significant in the final model (model 3) when clinical variables were considered. Conclusions: Although some of the secondary associations were statistically significant, we could not identify a significant association between birthweight and excess weight in adolescents.

Resumo A toxoplasmose, causada pelo protozoário Toxoplasma gondii, é uma zoonose e uma das doenças parasitárias transmitidas por alimentos mais importantes em todo o mundo. A prevalência em humanos é altamente variável, sendo influenciada por hábitos culturais, condições socioeconômicas e ambientais. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de infecção por T. gondii em humanos, no arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, Pernambuco, Brasil, e identificar os fatores de risco associados a essa infecção nesse contexto insular. A soroprevalência de anticorpos IgG anti-T. gondii nos ilhéus foi de 50,4% (172/341, 95% CI: 45,2%–55,7%). Os fatores associados à infecção encontrados foram o consumo de água do poço ou de água da chuva (Odds ratio [OR]: 2,43, p=0,020) e consumo de carne de caça (OR: 1,80, p=0,026). Este é o primeiro estudo a fornecer informações epidemiológicas da infecção por T. gondii entre os moradores da Ilha de Fernando de Noronha, revelando uma considerável soroprevalência de anticorpos nessa população. Este estudo fornece informações para subsidiar a adoção de medidas de prevenção e controle em ambientes insulares.

Abstract Toxoplasmosis, caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, is zoonotic disease and is one of the most important foodborne parasitic diseases globally. The prevalence in humans is highly variable, being influenced by cultural habits, socioeconomic, and environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of T. gondii infection in humans on the archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Pernambuco State, Brazil, and to identify the risk factors associated with this infection. The seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G anti-T. gondii antibodies was 50.4% (172/341, 95% CI: 45.2%–55.7%). Factors associated with the infection were consumption of well water or rainwater (odds ratio [OR]: 2.43, p=0.020) and consumption of game meat (OR: 1.80, p=0.026). This is the first study to provide epidemiological information of T. gondii infection among the residents of the Island of Fernando de Noronha, revealing a considerable antibody seroprevalence in this population. This study provides information for the adoption of prevention and control measures in island environments.

Melon is one of the most widely consumed fruits in the world. In Brazil, 60% of the production is for domestic consumption, with these fruits deemed to be of lower commercial value. For the first time, pectin has been extracted from this species of melon. So the extraction of this polysaccharide can be used as an alternative to increase the value of the fruit, improving profits in the domestic market where it can be used in many industries. The goal of this study is to determine, quantify, characterize and chemically modify by sulfation pectin from common melon for eventual application as an antithrombotic agent. The acidic, basic and neutral extractions yielded an average of 11%, 14% and 8% respectively. The FTIR spectrum revealed that pectin has a low degree of esterification (DE). The bands which appeared at 833 cm-1 and 1251 cm-1 can be attributed to the vibrations of C-O-S and S=O respectively, showing that the material was sulfated. The 13C NMR spectrum showed consistent carbon galacturonic acid peaks and agrees with the FTIR data and elemental analysis for the sulfation of pectin. The molecular weight (MW) determined by GPC was 7.7 x 105 g mol-1, consistent with pectin.

Resumo O objetivo da pesquisa foi extrair, obter o perfil peptídico e avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana do extrato peptídico bruto de duas amostras de queijo de Coalho artesanal produzidos no município de Venturosa, localizado no Agreste de Pernambuco – Brasil. Nas eletroforeses realizadas, foram evidenciadas de 12 a 15 bandas. Na análise por espectrometria de massa, foram identificados 24 fragmentos peptídeos. O extrato peptídico bruto apresentou atividade antimicrobiana diante dos microrganismos Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 6057, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 e Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 na concentração de 225 mg/mL. Os presentes resultados sugerem que em aproximadamente 5 g do queijo são encontrados peptídeos capazes de inibir o crescimento dos microrganismos patogênicos testados. Sendo assim, pode-se indicar o caráter funcional do queijo de Coalho.

Abstract The aim of this research was to extract the crude peptide extracts from two samples of artisanal “Coalho” cheese produced in the city of Venturosa in the drylands of the State of Pernambuco – Brazil, and evaluate their peptide profile and antimicrobial activity. Electrophoresis showed evidence of 12 to 15 bands and mass spectrometry identified 24 peptide fragments. Furthermore, the crude extract presented antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 6057, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 at a concentration of 225 mg/mL. The present results suggest that peptides capable of inhibiting the growth of the pathogenic microorganisms tested can be found in approximately 5g of the cheese. Thus “Coalho” cheese can be indicated for its functional character.

RESUMO Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito de: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), Acibenzonlar-SMethyl (ASM), ácidos orgânicos e polifenóis (AOP) e silicato de potássio (SiK) na proteção de mudas de videira cv. Redglobe à Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola. Foram avaliados para cada produto quatro doses: SC 2,0; 2,50; 3,0; 3,50 e 4,0 mL 100 L-1, ASM e AOP 2,50; 3,00; 3,50; 4,50 e 6,00 mL 100 L-1 e SiK 5,00, 6,50, 7,50 e 8,50 mL 100 L-1) em diferentes períodos de aplicação: 0, 5, 10, e 15 dias antes da inoculação bem como, a atividade enzimática de peroxidase, fenilalanina amônia-liase e ß-1,3 glucanases. As plantas foram inoculadas com suspensão bacteriana a 5 x 108 UFC. mL-1 pelo método da fricção com gaze. As variáveis epidemiológicas da doença avaliadas foram: incidência (INC), severidade (SEV) e área abaixo da curva progresso e severidade da doença (AUDPC). As menores médias de INC e SEV foram auferidas pelo ASM com 38% e 1,52%, respectivamente, a partir da aplicação com 3g 100 L -1. A aplicação de 4,5mL 100 L-1 de AOP reduziu a doença com plantas com 52% de INC e 2,45 de SEV. SiK e SC não apresentaram redução significativa nestas variáveis com relação a testemunha. Pulverização com ASM 15 dias antes da inoculação (DAI) reduziu a doença em 91,31% e AOP em 73,34%, enquanto que SC e SiK reduziram a doença em 67,49 e 60,11% respectivamente com pulverização aos 5 (DAI). Em nenhum dos tratamentos houve incremento da atividade de peroxidase. Houve significativa elevação da atividade de ß-1,3 glucanases e fenilalanina amônia-liase em plantas pulverizadas com ASM aos 15 dias (DAI), indicando haver influência na indução de resistência das plantas a doença.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), Acibenzolar-S-Methyl (ASM), organic acids and polyphenols (OAP) and potassium silicate (SiK) on protecting grapevine plants (cv. Redglobe) from Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola. Four application rates for each product (SC at 2.0, 2.50, 3.0, 3.50 and 4.0 mL 100 L-1; ASM and OAP at 2.50, 3.00, 3.50, 4.50 and 6.00 mL 100 L-1 and SiK at 5.00, 6.50, 7.50 and 8.50 mL 100 L-1) in different application times (0, 5, 10, and 15 days before inoculation), and the enzymatic activity of peroxidases, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and ß-1,3 glucanases were evaluated. Plants were inoculated with a bacterial suspension of 5 x 108 CFU mL-1 by rubbing with gauze. The epidemiological variables incidence (INC), severity (SEV) and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) were assessed. The treatment with ASM had the lowest averages of INC (38%) and SEV (1.52%) from 3 g 100 L-1. The application of 4.5 mL 100 L-1 of OAP reduced the plant disease in 52% of INC and 2.45% of SEV. SiK and SC presented no significant reduction in these variables compared to control. The ASM applied 15 days before the inoculation (DBI) reduced the disease in 91.31% and the APO in 73.34%, while SC and SiK reduced the disease in 67.49 and 60.11%, respectively, with applications at 5 DBI. There was no increase of peroxidase activity in any of the treatments. There was a significant increase in activity of ß-1,3 glucanases and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in plants treated with ASM at 15 DBI, indicating an influence on the induction of resistance of plants to this disease.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a cinética de secagem em camada fina dos grãos de guandu submetidos a diversas condições de secagem, por meio de diferentes modelos matemáticos. Com o modelo de Fick, determinou-se a difusividade efetiva e a energia de ativação. Para tal, foram utilizadas amostras de 200 g de grãos de guandu com teor de água inicial de 25% (b.u.), as quais foram secas em um secador experimental de leito fixo, ajustado para operar nas temperaturas de 40, 50, 60 e 70 °C e velocidade do ar de secagem a 1,0 m s–1. A secagem, para cada temperatura, foi realizada até o teor de água de equilíbrio dinâmico. Os valores médios da temperatura e da umidade relativa do ar ambiente foram, respectivamente, 26 °C e 68%. A difusividade efetiva do produto foi determinada, para cada temperatura, pressupondo o grão de guandu como uma esfera de igual volume do grão. A difusividade efetiva do produto em função da temperatura foi expressa por uma equação semelhante à proposta por Arrhenius. A análise dos resultados possibilita concluir que as equações de Cavalcanti Mata com seis constantes e Midilli et al. representam, de forma satisfatória, o processo de secagem em todas as condições estudadas; e que utilizando o modelo de Fick a difusividade dos grãos de guandu variou de 2,1x10–10 até 6,8x10-10 m2.s–1 para as temperaturas entre 40 e 70 °C, respectivamente; e a energia de ativação obtida é igual a 34,51kJ.mol–1.

The objective of this research was to study the kinetics of the thin-layer drying of pigeon peas subjected to different drying conditions, using different mathematical models. The effective diffusivity and activation energy were determined with the Fick model. For this purpose, 200g samples of pigeon peas with an initial moisture content of 25% (w.b.) were dried in an experimental fixed bed dryer, adjusted to operate at temperatures of 40, 50, 60 and 70 °C, and a drying air rate of 1.0m s–1. For each temperature, drying was continued until the water content reached dynamic equilibrium. The average values for the temperature and relative humidity of the air were, respectively, 26 °C and 68%. For each temperature the effective diffusivity of the product was determined assuming the pigeon pea to be a sphere of equal volume. The effective diffusivity of the product in relation to the temperature was expressed by an equation similar to that proposed by Arrhenius. An analysis of the results allows for the conclusion that the equations of Cavalcanti Mata with six constants and of Midilli et al. satisfactorily represented the drying process under all conditions studied; and that using the Fick model the diffusivity of the pigeon peas ranged from 2.1x10–10 to 6.8x10–10 m2.s–1 at temperatures between 40 and 70 °C, respectively, with an activation energy equal to 34.51 kJ.mol–1.

The palygorskite is an aluminum-magnesium silicate that has a fibrous morphology. Their physico-chemical characteristics are the result of high surface area, porosity and thermal resistance which make it an attractive adsorbent. Its adsorption capacity can be increased through chemical reactions and/or heat treatments. The objective of this work is to verify the effects of acid activation on the palygorskite, treated with HCl at 90 ºC at concentrations of 2, 4 and 6 mol L-1 in 2 and 4 hours, with clay/acid solution ratio 1 g 10 mL-1 and characterized by techniques: XRF, XRD and surface area. A significant increase in specific surface area was observed in the sample treated with HCl at the concentration 6 mol L-1. The changes were more pronounced at stricter concentrations of acidity, with decreasing intensity of reflection of the clay indicated in the XRD. These changes were confirmed in the XRF with the leaching of some oxides and with increasing concentration of SiO2.

Objetivou-se descrever e analisar a prática do aleitamento materno em crianças menores de cinco anos no estado de Pernambuco, em 2006, segundo o peso ao nascer. Estudo transversal, com amostra de 1.595 crianças. Utilizou-se o teste chi-quadrado de Pearson para analisar associações bivariadas e a regressão de Poisson para o ajustamento de modelo multivariado dos fatores condicionantes ao aleitamento exclusivo > 4 meses, segundo o peso ao nascer. Verificou-se que a realização do pré-natal e o número de consultas beneficiaram as crianças que nasceram com peso > 2.500g, quando comparadas aos casos com peso < 2.500g (baixo peso ao nascer - BPN). Não houve diferença estatística nas classificações do aleitamento materno, segundo o peso ao nascer. As variáveis anos de estudo formal e tipo de parto apresentaram-se associadas ao grupo de BPN, enquanto que para as crianças com peso > 2.500g foram detectadas associações com as variáveis renda per capita, espaço geográfico, orientação sobre aleitamento materno no pré-natal e sexo das crianças. O grupo de crianças BPN não foi favorecido quanto às recomendações referentes ao aleitamento materno, bem como foram diferentes os resultados das relações das variáveis que permaneceram nos dois grupos representando os modelos finais de análises multivariadas.

The scope of this paper was to describe and analyze the practice of breastfeeding in children under five years of age in the state of Pernambuco, in 2006 in accordance with birth weight. It involved a cross-sectional study with a sample of 1,595 children. The chi square test was used to examine bivariate associations and Poisson regression was applied for multivariate adjustment of conditioning factors to exclusive breastfeeding > 4 months, according to birth weight. It was found that the practice of prenatal care and number of visits benefited children born weighing > 2,500 gram, compared to those with birth weight < 2,500 g (low birth weight - LBW). There was no statistical difference in the ratings of breastfeeding, according to birth weight. The years of formal study and type of delivery variables were linked to the group associated with LBW, while for children weighing > 2,500 g associations with the per capita income, geographical area, guidance on breastfeeding during prenatal care and sex of the children variables were detected. The group of LBW children did not benefit from recommendations regarding breastfeeding and also the results from the relations of the variables that remained in the two groups were different, representing the final models of the multivariate analyses.

Objetivou-se descrever e analisar a prática do aleitamento materno em crianças menores de cinco anos no estado de Pernambuco, em 2006, segundo o peso ao nascer. Estudo transversal, com amostra de 1.595 crianças. Utilizou-se o teste chi-quadrado de Pearson para analisar associações bivariadas e a regressão de Poisson para o ajustamento de modelo multivariado dos fatores condicionantes ao aleitamento exclusivo > 4 meses, segundo o peso ao nascer. Verificou-se que a realização do pré-natal e o número de consultas beneficiaram as crianças que nasceram com peso > 2.500g, quando comparadas aos casos com peso < 2.500g (baixo peso ao nascer - BPN). Não houve diferença estatística nas classificações do aleitamento materno, segundo o peso ao nascer. As variáveis anos de estudo formal e tipo de parto apresentaram-se associadas ao grupo de BPN, enquanto que para as crianças com peso > 2.500g foram detectadas associações com as variáveis renda per capita, espaço geográfico, orientação sobre aleitamento materno no pré-natal e sexo das crianças. O grupo de crianças BPN não foi favorecido quanto às recomendações referentes ao aleitamento materno, bem como foram diferentes os resultados das relações das variáveis que permaneceram nos dois grupos representando os modelos finais de análises multivariadas.

The scope of this paper was to describe and analyze the practice of breastfeeding in children under five years of age in the state of Pernambuco, in 2006 in accordance with birth weight. It involved a cross-sectional study with a sample of 1,595 children. The chi square test was used to examine bivariate associations and Poisson regression was applied for multivariate adjustment of conditioning factors to exclusive breastfeeding > 4 months, according to birth weight. It was found that the practice of prenatal care and number of visits benefited children born weighing > 2,500 gram, compared to those with birth weight < 2,500 g (low birth weight - LBW). There was no statistical difference in the ratings of breastfeeding, according to birth weight. The years of formal study and type of delivery variables were linked to the group associated with LBW, while for children weighing > 2,500 g associations with the per capita income, geographical area, guidance on breastfeeding during prenatal care and sex of the children variables were detected. The group of LBW children did not benefit from recommendations regarding breastfeeding and also the results from the relations of the variables that remained in the two groups were different, representing the final models of the multivariate analyses.

RESUMO O presente trabalho objetivou estudar, através de ensaios laboratoriais, as propriedades físicas e mecânicas de papéis reciclados utilizados para produção de tubetes. Para tanto se utilizou seis tipos de papéis com gramatura média de 400 g/m² e para os ensaios de laboratório seguiu-se os procedimentos da Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry. Verificou-se diferença significativa entre os papéis estudados quanto às características físicas e mecânicas, sendo que o papel Tipo A1 obteve, de modo geral, os melhores resultados, justificando seu alto preço no mercado. O papel A3 foi o de maior densidade, dado relevante para indústria de tubetes, já que estes são geralmente comercializados por peso. Conclui-se que todos os papéis estudados são indicados para produção de tubetes, devendo ser utilizados de acordo com as exigências do cliente, visto que o preço do papel é que determina, na maioria das vezes, o valor do tubete.

ABSTRACT The present study investigated, through laboratory testing, the physical and mechanical properties of recycled paper used to produce tubes. To do so, we used six types of paper with a weight average of 400 g / m² and once the laboratory tests followed the procedures of the Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry. There was significant difference between the roles studied in terms of physical and mechanical characteristics, and the paper type A1 had, in general, the best results, justifying its high price in the market. The A3 has the highest density, the data relevant to industry tubes, since these are usually sold by weight. It is concluded that all of the studied papers are suitable for tube production, being used in accordance with the customer's demands, since the price of the paper is what determines, most of the time, the tube value.

Este trabalho teve como objetivos isolar, identificar fungos filamentosos do solo e da água da praia de Candeias, Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco, Brasil. Quatro amostras de solo e água foram coletadas em três pontos aleatórios ao longo da praia, durante os períodos chuvoso e de estiagem, durante a baixa-mar do dia. De cada amostra de solo, foi preparada uma suspensão com 50 g de solo diluído em 90 mL de água destilada esterilizada e ao final, 1 mL foi semeado em placas de Petri contendo Ágar Sabouraud acrescido de cloranfenicol. Da água, 0,5 ml foi semeado em placas de Petri, em triplicatas. Foram identificas 57 espécies correspondentes a 19 gêneros. Aspergillus e Penicillium foram os gêneros mais abundantes. Penicillium diversum e Varicosporium elodeae são novos registros para América Latina e nordeste brasileiro, repectivamente.

The main purpose of this study was the isolation and identification of the filamentous mycobiota present on soil and water samples from Candeias Beach, Pernambuco, Brazil. Sampling of soil and water was carried out four times at three randomly chosen spots along the beach, during the rainy and dry seasons, during the low tide. From each soil sample, a suspension was prepared with 50 g of soil diluted in 90 mL of sterilized distilled water and 1mL was spread in Petri dishes with Sabouraud Agar with Chloramphenicol. Out of each water sample 0,5mL was taken and put in sowed triplicate Petri dishes containing Sabouraud Chloramphenicol Agar. A total of 57 species of filamentous fungi are reported, comprising of 19 genera. Aspergillus and Penicillium were the most abundant and diverse genera. Penicillium diversum and Varicosporium elodeae are the first to be recorded in Latin America and Brazilian northeast, respectively.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of the exposure to food-simulating liquids prior to brushing simulation on the surface roughness of five composite materials (Quixfil, Filtek Supreme, Esthet-X, Filtek Z250, Tetric Ceram). Material and METHODS: Twenty cylinders (5 mm diameter and 4 mm height) of each composite were randomly allocated to 4 groups (n=5), according to the food-simulating liquid in which they were immersed for 7 days at 37°C: artificial saliva, heptane, citric acid, and ethanol. After this period, the top surface of composite cylinders was submitted to 7,500 brushing cycles (200 g load). Measurements of the surface roughness (Ra, ¼m) were carried out before and after the exposure to the chemicals/brushing simulation. Changes on the morphology of composite surfaces were observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS: The statistical analysis (ANOVA with cofactor / Tukey's test, α=5%) detected a significant interaction between solutions and composite resins. Esthet-X, Filtek Z250 and Tetric Ceram were not affected by the food-simulating liquids/toothbrushing. Citric acid and ethanol increased the surface roughness of Quixfil and Filtek Supreme, respectively. SEM images corroborate the surface roughness findings, demonstrating the negative effect from chemical solutions and mechanical abrasion. CONCLUSIONS: The surface roughness of composite resin materials are differently affected by the food-simulating solutions, depending on the immersion media.

Testou-se a ação de diferentes concentrações de cloreto de sódio, benzocaína e óleo de cravo-da-índia na sobrevivência de alevinos e juvenis de tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus), linhagem chitralada, por 5 horas visando ao transporte. Utilizaram-se 1.350 alevinos (9,74 ± 0,04 g e 6,79 ± 0,01 cm) e 270 juvenis (29,6 ± 0,06 g e 11,52 ± 0,01). Os peixes foram mantidos em jejum por 24 horas em quatro caixas de amianto (500 L) com aeração constante. Em seguida, os peixes foram distribuídos em 54 sacos plásticos, capacidade para 5 L e mantidos em soluções de: cloreto de sódio nas concentrações de (0; 4; ou 8 g/L), benzocaína (0; 20; ou 40 mg/L) e óleo de cravo (0; 2; ou 5 mg/L). O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com três repetições, em arranjo multifatorial, com três fatores: substâncias, peixes e concentrações de cada substância em estudo. Mensuraram-se, no início, os parâmetros oxigênio dissolvido, temperatura, pH, salinidade e amônia e, ao final do experimento, a glicose dos peixes. Maiores níveis de glicose foram registrados nos juvenis mantidos na água com óleo de cravo e cloreto de sódio. Não foi observada diferença significativa na sobrevivência entre os tipos de peixes e as substâncias. Entretanto, as dosagens de cloreto de sódio e benzocaína ocasionaram diferenças significativas na taxa de sobrevivência. A sobrevivência foi baixa nos alevinos com 0 g/L de cloreto de sódio e diferiu das dosagens 4 e 8 g/L. O óleo de cravo promoveu resultados similares, em todas as dosagens e substâncias, de taxas de glicose. Ao final do experimento, a sobrevivência foi satisfatória, com média geral de 97,26%, comprovando que as três substâncias podem ser usadas no transporte de alevinos e juvenis durante 5 horas. Sugere-se o cloreto de sódio por seu melhor custo-benefício.

The action of different concentrations of sodium chloride, benzocaine and clove oil in the survival of fingerling and juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus),chitraladalineage, was tested during 5 hours for transportation. A total of 1350 fingerlings were used ( weight 9.74 ± 0.04 g and length 6.79 ± 0.01 cm) and 270 juveniles (average weight 29.6 ± 0.06 g and length 11.52 ± 0.01 cm). The fish were maintained without food for 24 hours in four 500L asbestos boxes with constant aeration. Subsequently, the fish were distributed in 54 5 L plastic bags and maintained in a solution of sodium chloride at a concentration of (0; 4; 8 g/L), benzocaine (0; 20; 40 mg/L) and clove oil (0; 2; 5 mg/L). A randomized block experimental design was used with three replications, in multi-factorial arrangements, with three factors: substances, fish and different concentrations for each substance used. Dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, salinity and ammonia were measured at the beginning of the experiment and the fish glucose at the end of the experiment. The largest glucose levels were detected in the juveniles maintained in water with clove oil and sodium chloride. Significant differences were not observed in the survival among types of fish and substances. However, the doses used of sodium chloride and benzocaine caused significant differences in the survival rate. There was low fingerling survival with 0 g/L of sodium chloride that differed from the doses 4 and 8 g/L. The clove oil presented similar results at all the different doses and all the substances on the glucose rates. Survival was satisfactory at the end of the experiment, with a general average of 97.26%, showing that the three substances can be used to transport fingerlings and juveniles during 5 hours. Sodium chloride is recommended because it was the most cost-effective.

A farinha da casca de maracujá é rica em uma fibra solúvel chamada pectina. Para avaliar o efeito dessa farinha na redução do colesterol foi realizado um estudo clínico piloto com dezenove mulheres, com idade entre 30 e 60 anos e apresentando hipercolesterolemia (colesterol > 200 mg/dL). Elas foram tratadas diariamente com 30 g da farinha da casca de maracujá por 60 dias. Após esse tempo foi observada uma redução estatisticamente significante (p < 0,05) nos níveis colesterol total (p = 0,00000) e colesterol LDL (p = 0,01193). Os resultados sugerem que a farinha da casca de maracujá seja utilizada na alimentação humana, juntamente com os alimentos, ou como matéria prima na produção de outros produtos, com o objetivo de reduzir o colesterol.

The flour of the passion fruit peel is rich in a soluble fiber called pectin. In order to evaluate the effect of this flour on cholesterol reduction, a pilot clinical study, was carried out with nineteen women, aged between 30 and 60 years, all of whom presented high cholesterol level (cholesterol > 200 mg/dL). The treatment consisted of daily doses of 30 g of the flour during 60 days. At the end of the 60 days it was observed a statistical reduction (p < 0.05) of the total cholesterol (p = 0,00000) and LDL-cholesterol (p = 0,01193) levels. The results suggested that the passion fruit peel flour, rich in pectin, can be used in human diet, with a large variety of foods, or as a raw material for other products intending to reduce cholesterol levels.