Abstract Background In view of the high prevalence of hypertension and the importance of adequate drug therapy in the prevention of complications, it is necessary to know the adherence to drug treatment in this population. Objective To verify adherence to antihypertensive drug treatment in Brazilian patients with hypertension using the Morisky-Green Test (MGT), relating it with demographic data. Methods Prospective, observational, multicenter, national registry study, with 2,578 hypertensive patients participating in study I, the Brazilian Cardiovascular Registry of Arterial Hypertension (I-RBH), recruited in the five regions of Brazil. The analyses carried out on the data were descriptive statistics, qui-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression, adopting 5% as the significance level for the tests. Results The research shows that 56.13% of patients in the sample were female; 56.71% were elderly (≥ 65 years); 55.86% were White; 52.37% were from the Southeast Region; and 59.74% were non-adherent. Logistic regression showed an independent relationship between patients’ age, ethnicity, and region with medication adherence. Conclusion Adherence to treatment is the key to reducing high rates of cardiovascular complications. The study brings a successful outcome in the relationship between the factors ethnicity, age, and region of patients with hypertension and medication adherence. To this end, it is necessary to understand these factors, considering systematic evaluation in the care of patients with hypertension and other chronic non-communicable diseases. This study is a significant contribution to multidisciplinary teams, as it highlights which risk factors interfere with medication adherence, incorporating better strategies in health education. complications population MoriskyGreen Morisky Green MGT, MGT , (MGT) Prospective observational multicenter 2578 2 578 2,57 I IRBH, IRBH RBH (I-RBH) Brazil statistics quisquare qui square tests ANOVA 5 5613 56 13 56.13 female 5671 71 56.71 ≥ ( 6 years years) 5586 55 86 55.86 White 5237 52 37 52.37 Region 5974 59 74 59.74 nonadherent. nonadherent non adherent. adherent non-adherent age ethnicity end noncommunicable communicable diseases teams education (MGT 257 57 2,5 (I-RBH 561 1 56.1 567 7 56.7 558 8 55.8 523 3 52.3 597 59.7 25 2, 56. 55. 52. 59.

BACKGROUND In Brazil, transmission of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis has expanded geographically over the last decades, with both clinical forms occurring simultaneously in the same area. OBJECTIVES This study characterised the clinical, spatial, and temporal distribution, and performed entomological surveillance and natural infection analysis of a leishmaniasis-endemic area. METHODS In order to characterise the risk of leishmaniasis transmission in Altos, Piauí, we described the clinical and socio-demographic variables and the spatial and temporal distribution of cases of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) and American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) cases and identified potential phlebotomine vectors. FINDINGS The urban area concentrated almost 54% of ACL and 86.8% of AVL cases. The temporal and spatial distribution of AVL and ACL cases in Altos show a reduction in the number of risk areas, but the presence of permanent disease transmission foci is observed especially in the urban area. 3,808 phlebotomine specimens were captured, with Lutzomyia longipalpis as the most frequent species (98.45%). Of the 35 females assessed for natural infection, one specimen of Lu. longipalpis tested positive for the presence of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis DNA. MAIN CONCLUSION Our results indicate the presence of risk areas for ACL and AVL in the municipality of Altos and highlight the importance of entomological surveillance to further understand a possible role of Lu. longipalpis in ACL transmission. Brazil decades leishmaniasisendemic endemic Piauí sociodemographic socio demographic (AVL (ACL vectors 54 868 86 8 86.8 3808 3 808 3,80 captured 98.45%. 9845 98.45% . 98 45 (98.45%) Lu DNA 5 86. 380 80 3,8 984 98.45 9 4 (98.45% 38 3, 98.4 (98.45 98. (98.4 (98. (98 (9 (

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common condition greatly affects patients’ quality of life and ability to work. Systematic reviews provide useful information for treatment and health decisions. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the methodological quality of previously published systematic reviews on the treatment of CTS. DESIGN AND SETTING: Overview of systematic reviews conducted at the Brazilian public higher education institution, São Paulo, Brazil METHODS: We searched the MEDLINE and Cochrane Library database for systematic reviews investigating the treatment of CTS in adults. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and measurement tool to assess systematic reviews (AMSTAR) were applied by two independent examiners. RESULTS: Fifty-five studies were included. Considering the stratification within the AMSTAR measurement tool, we found that more than 76% of the analyzed studies were “low” or “very low”. PRISMA scores were higher when meta-analysis was present (15.61 versus 10.40; P = 0.008), while AMSTAR scores were higher when studies performed meta-analysis (8.43 versus 5.59; P = 0.009) or when they included randomized controlled trials (7.95 versus 6.06; P = 0.043). The intra-observer correlation demonstrated perfect agreement (> 0.8), a Spearman’s correlation coefficient of 0.829, and an ICC of0.857. The inter-observer correlation indicated that AMSTAR was more reliable than PRISMA. CONCLUSION: Overall, systematic reviews of the treatment of CTS are of poor quality. Reviews with better-quality conducted meta-analysis and included randomized controlled trials. AMSTAR is a better tool than PRISMA because it has a better performance and should be recommended in future studies. REGISTRATION NUMBER IN PROSPERO: CRD42020172328 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020172328) BACKGROUND (CTS patients work decisions OBJECTIVE SETTING institution Paulo METHODS adults MetaAnalyses Meta Analyses (PRISMA (AMSTAR examiners RESULTS Fiftyfive Fifty five 76 low “low very low. . low” metaanalysis meta analysis 15.61 1561 15 61 (15.6 10.40 1040 10 40 0.008, 0008 0.008 , 0 008 0.008) 8.43 843 8 43 (8.4 5.59 559 5 59 0.009 0009 009 7.95 795 7 95 (7.9 6.06 606 6 06 0.043. 0043 0.043 043 0.043) intraobserver intra observer > ( 0.8, 08 0.8 0.8) Spearmans Spearman s 0829 829 0.829 of0857 of0 857 of0.857 interobserver inter CONCLUSION Overall betterquality PROSPERO CRD CRD4202017232 https//www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.phpID=CRD42020172328 httpswwwcrdyorkacukPROSPEROdisplayrecordphpIDCRD42020172328 httpswwwcrdyorkacukPROSPEROdisplayrecordphpIDCRD https //www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php ID=CRD42020172328 www crd york ac uk display record php ID (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020172328 15.6 156 1 (15. 10.4 104 4 000 0.00 00 8.4 84 (8. 5.5 55 7.9 79 9 (7. 6.0 60 004 0.04 04 0. 082 82 0.82 of085 85 of0.85 CRD420201723 phpID https//www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.phpID=CRD4202017232 httpswwwcrdyorkacukPROSPEROdisplayrecordphpIDCRD4202017232 wwwcrdyorkacukPROSPEROdisplayrecordphp IDCRD42020172328 IDCRD ID=CRD4202017232 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD4202017232 15. 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Local drug delivery systems used in dental implants need to have uniform pore size distribution, adequate wettability, chemical composition, and biocompatibility. In the present work, titanium was treated by pulsed plasma electrolytic oxidation (PPEO), using 0.025 M sodium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.25 M calcium acetate as electrolytes, aiming at use in drug delivery systems. Pulse with Ton/Toff (width pulse/repetition time) of 50 μs/100 μs or 100 μs/50 μs, duty cycle 0,33, and 0.67, respectively, were used. After treatment, Ca/P ratio, wettability, crystalline phase, pore size and distribution were determined. The average pore size ranged from 1.5 μm to 2.3 μm according to the increase of energy supplied to the system. Pore distributions with lower dispersion were verified for the Ton/Toff condition of 50 μs /100 μs, using a current density of 30 mA/dm2. On the other hand, the 100 μs/50 μs conditions produce larger pores, but with greater dispersion. In general, conditions with lower currents (30 mA/dm2 and 38 mA/dm2) and Ton/Toff ratio = 50/100 were the most appropriate for use in drug delivery systems, due to their size and distribution of uniform pores, greater hydrophilicity, and Ca/P ratio close to desirable (1.67) was obtained. wettability composition biocompatibility work PPEO, PPEO , (PPEO) 0025 0 025 0.02 25 0.2 electrolytes TonToff Ton Toff width pulserepetition pulse repetition time 5 μs100 μs/10 10 μs50 μs/5 033 33 0,33 067 67 0.67 respectively treatment CaP Ca P phase determined 15 1 1. 23 2 3 2. system /10 mAdm2 mAdm mA dm2 dm hand pores general (3 mA/dm 50100 50/10 hydrophilicity 1.67 167 (1.67 obtained (PPEO 002 02 0.0 0. μs10 μs/1 μs5 μs/ 03 0,3 06 6 0.6 /1 ( 5010 50/1 1.6 16 (1.6 00 μs1 0, / 501 50/ (1. (1

Abstract Objective Similar to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes, different lineages of a genotype also have different carcinogenic capabilities. Studies have shown that specific genotype lineages of oncogenic HPV are associated with variable risks for the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2/CIN3) and cervical cancer. The present study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of the HPV16 genotype in women with CIN2/CIN3 and cervical cancer, from the northeast region of Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted in the northeast region of Brazil, from 2014 to 2016. This study included 196 cases of HPV16 variants (59 and 137 cases of CIN2/CIN3 and cervical cancer, respectively). The difference of proportion test was used to compare patients with CIN2/CIN3 and cervical cancer, based on the prevalent HPV16 lineage (p < 0.05). Results According to the histopathological diagnosis, the percentage of lineage frequencies revealed a marginal difference in the prevalence of lineage A in CIN2/CIN3, compared with that in cervical cancer (p = 0.053). For lineage D, the proportion was higher in cancer cases (32.8%), than in CIN2/CIN3 cases (16.9%), with p = 0.023. Conclusion HPV16 lineage A was the most frequent lineage in both CIN2/CIN3 and cervical cancer samples, while lineage D was predominant in cervical cancer, suggesting a possible association between HPV16 lineage D and cervical cancer. (HPV genotypes capabilities CIN2CIN3 CINCIN CIN2 CIN3 CIN (CIN2/CIN3 HPV1 CIN2/CIN Brazil crosssectional cross sectional 201 2016 19 59 (5 13 respectively. respectively . respectively) 0.05. 005 0.05 0 05 0.05) diagnosis 0.053. 0053 0.053 053 0.053) 32.8%, 328 32.8% , 32 8 (32.8%) 16.9%, 169 16.9% 16 9 (16.9%) 0023 023 0.023 samples CIN2CIN (CIN2/CIN 20 1 5 ( 00 0.0 32.8 3 (32.8% 16.9 (16.9% 002 02 0.02 2 0. 32. (32.8 16. (16.9 (32. (16. (32 (16 (3 (1

Resumo Objetivo Tanto os tipos quanto as linhagens do Papilomavírus Humano (HPV) parecem ter diferentes capacidades carcinogênicas e estão associados a riscos variados para o desenvolvimento de neoplasia intraepitelial cervical (NIC) e câncer de colo do útero. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a diversidade genética do genótipo HPV 16 nos casos de NIC2/NIC3 e câncer de colo de útero em mulheres da região Nordeste do Brasil. Métodos Estudo transversal de base hospitalar realizado na região Nordeste do Brasil no período de 2014 a 2016. A amostra foi composta por 196 casos da variante HPV-16 (59 casos de NIC2/NIC3 e 137 de câncer do colo do útero). O teste de diferença de proporção foi usado para comparar os grupos NIC2/NIC3 e câncer de colo do útero por linhagem viral em relação à prevalência da linhagem HPV-16. Foi considerada significância estatística o valor de p < 0,05. Resultados As frequências de linhagem por diagnóstico histopatológico mostraram diferença limítrofe da linhagem A no grupo NIC2/NIC3 em relação ao grupo câncer de colo de útero (p = 0,053). Por outro lado, em relação à linhagem D, houve uma proporção maior nos casos de câncer (32,8%) quando comparado ao grupo NIC2/NIC3 (16,9%) e esta diferença se mostrou estatisticamente significante (p = 0,023). Conclusão A linhagem A do HPV-16 foi a mais frequente tanto nas amostras CIN2/CIN3 quanto nas amostras de câncer de colo de útero, enquanto a linhagem D predominou no câncer de colo do útero, sugerindo uma possível associação da linhagem D de HPV-16 com câncer de colo de útero. (HPV NIC (NIC 1 NIC2NIC3 NICNIC NIC2 NIC3 NIC2/NIC 201 2016 19 HPV16 HPV-1 59 (5 13 . útero) HPV16. 16. 005 0 05 0,05 0,053. 0053 0,053 053 0,053) lado 32,8% 328 32 8 (32,8% 16,9% 169 9 (16,9% 0,023. 0023 0,023 023 0,023) CIN2CIN3 CINCIN CIN2 CIN3 CIN CIN2/CIN NIC2NIC 20 HPV1 HPV- 5 ( 00 0,0 32,8 3 (32,8 16,9 (16,9 002 0,02 02 CIN2CIN 2 0, 32, (32, 16, (16, (32 (16 (3 (1

ABSTRACT In the mid-1990s, Victor Valla proposed to incorporate the population participation in the practice of health surveillance, through Paulo Freire’s popular education. This counterpoint to traditional surveillance practices, called civil health surveillance, added to the expanded concept of health, and has a strong connection with the critical perspective of Epidemiology as a means to understand the dialectical relationship between social classes and their lived spaces. The practice of civil surveillance aims to overcome essential gaps left by traditional methods of public health investigation. It includes a lack of attention to socio-cultural contexts, the construction of risk located only in the individual, and the representation of public health agendas that privilege and pathologize certain behaviors. This paper discusses the concept of civil health surveillance, the locus of discussion of population studies in the reification of the role of the contextual effect in explaining the social production of health and the incorporation of popular participation in health surveillance as an element of social transformation. The deepening of this discussion allows a participatory construction of new health models focused on the effective reduction of health inequities and, consequently, the effective universalization of the right to health. mid1990s, mid1990s mids mid 1990s, 1990s s mid-1990s Freires Freire education practices spaces investigation sociocultural socio cultural contexts individual behaviors transformation consequently

RESUMO Em meados dos anos 1990, Victor Valla propôs a incorporação da participação da população à prática da vigilância em saúde, por meio da educação popular de Paulo Freire. Esse contraponto às práticas tradicionais da vigilância, nomeadas vigilância civil da saúde, somam-se à concepção ampliada de saúde, e possuem forte ligação com a perspectiva crítica da epidemiologia enquanto meio de compreender a relação dialética entre classes sociais e seus espaços vividos. A prática da vigilância civil pretende superar lacunas importantes deixadas pelos métodos tradicionais de investigação em saúde pública, como falta de atenção aos contextos socioculturais, construção do risco localizada somente no indivíduo e representação de agendas de saúde pública que privilegiam e patologizam certos comportamentos. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho debate o conceito de vigilância civil da saúde, o locus de discussão dos estudos de população na reificação do papel do efeito contextual para a explicação da produção social da saúde e a incorporação da participação popular à vigilância em saúde como elemento de transformação social. O aprofundamento dessa discussão, no limite, permite uma construção participativa de novos modelos de saúde concentrados na redução efetiva das iniquidades em saúde e, consequentemente, universalização efetiva do direito à saúde. 1990 Freire somamse somam se vividos socioculturais comportamentos sentido limite consequentemente 199 19 1

Abstract Introduction Surgical care is essential for proper management of various diseases. However, it can result in unfavorable outcomes. In order to identify patients at higher risk of complications, several risk stratification models have been developed. Ideally, these tools should be simple, reproducible, accurate, and externally validated. Unfortunately, none of the best-known risk stratification instruments have been validated in Brazil. In this sense, the Ex-Care model was developed by retrospective data analysis of surgical patients in a major Brazilian university hospital. It consists of four independent predictors easily collected in the preoperative evaluation, showing high accuracy in predicting death within 30 days after surgery. Objectives To update and validate a Brazilian national-based model of postoperative death probability within 30 days based on the Ex-Care model. Also, to develop an application for smartphones that allows preoperative risk stratification by Ex-Care model. Methods Ten participating centers will collect retrospective data from digital databases. Variables age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status, surgical severity (major or non-major) and nature (elective or urgent) will be evaluated as predictors for in-hospital mortality within 30 postoperative days, considered the primary outcome. Expected results We believe that the Ex-Care model will present discriminative capacity similar to other classically used scores validated for surgical mortality prediction. Furthermore, the mobile application to be developed will provide a practical and easy-to-use tool to the professionals enrolled in perioperative care.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common condition greatly affects patients’ quality of life and ability to work. Systematic reviews provide useful information for treatment and health decisions. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the methodological quality of previously published systematic reviews on the treatment of CTS. DESIGN AND SETTING: Overview of systematic reviews conducted at the Brazilian public higher education institution, São Paulo, Brazil METHODS: We searched the MEDLINE and Cochrane Library database for systematic reviews investigating the treatment of CTS in adults. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and measurement tool to assess systematic reviews (AMSTAR) were applied by two independent examiners. RESULTS: Fifty-five studies were included. Considering the stratification within the AMSTAR measurement tool, we found that more than 76% of the analyzed studies were “low” or “very low”. PRISMA scores were higher when meta-analysis was present (15.61 versus 10.40; P = 0.008), while AMSTAR scores were higher when studies performed meta-analysis (8.43 versus 5.59; P = 0.009) or when they included randomized controlled trials (7.95 versus 6.06; P = 0.043). The intra-observer correlation demonstrated perfect agreement (> 0.8), a Spearman’s correlation coefficient of 0.829, and an ICC of0.857. The inter-observer correlation indicated that AMSTAR was more reliable than PRISMA. CONCLUSION: Overall, systematic reviews of the treatment of CTS are of poor quality. Reviews with better-quality conducted meta-analysis and included randomized controlled trials. AMSTAR is a better tool than PRISMA because it has a better performance and should be recommended in future studies. REGISTRATION NUMBER IN PROSPERO: CRD42020172328 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020172328)

RESUMO Introdução Comparar resultados funcionais, índices de satisfação e revisões de artroplastias totais de joelho realizadas pela mesma equipe cirúrgica usando implantes brasileiros ou importados, com acompanhamento mínimo de cinco anos após a cirurgia. Material e Método Estudo de coorte retrospectivo com análise de prontuários e entrevistas de pacientes submetidos à artroplastia total do joelho com implantes brasileiros e importados com no mínimo cinco anos de pós-operatório. Resultados Foram avaliados 150 pacientes (164 joelhos). No questionário funcional, encontramos 71% dos pacientes com respostas favoráveis no grupo de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia com uso de próteses brasileiras e 74,8% no grupo com implantes importados (p = 0,634). Em relação à satisfação, não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos com 78,4% dos pacientes satisfeitos ou muito satisfeitos no grupo com implante brasileiro e 90,7% no grupo com implante importado (p = 0,053). A ocorrência de soltura dos implantes foi relatada em 5,3% versus 4,7% (p > 0,999). Conclusões As artroplastias totais de joelho realizadas pela mesma equipe cirúrgica com acompanhamento mínimo de cinco anos apresentaram níveis semelhantes de satisfação, função e complicações com os implantes brasileiros e importados. Nível de evidência III, estudo de coorte.

ABSTRACT Introduction To compare the functional results, satisfaction rates, and revisions of total knee arthroplasties performed by the same surgical team using either Brazilian or imported implants, with a minimum follow-up of 5 years after surgery. Materials and Methods A retrospective cohort study analyzing the medical records and interviews of patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty with Brazilian or imported implants with a minimum of 5 years after surgery. Results One hundred and fifty patients were evaluated (164 knees). In the functional questionnaire, 71% of patients had favorable answers in the group of patients who underwent surgery using the Brazilian prosthesis and 74.8% in the group with imported implants (p=0.634). There was no statistical difference in satisfaction between the groups, with 78.4% of patients satisfied or very satisfied in the Brazilian implant group and 90.7% in the imported implant group (p=0.053). Loosening of the implants was reported in 5.3% versus 4.7% (p>0.999). Conclusion The total knee arthroplasties performed by the same surgical team with a minimum follow-up period of 5 years showed similar levels of satisfaction, function, and complications with both the Brazilian and imported implants. Level of Evidence III, cohort study.

ABSTRACT. The objective was to evaluate the morphometric, productive and chemical aspects of purple elephant grass as a function of nitrogen fertilization. The treatments consisted of applying 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg ha-1 of N, using a randomized block design, with five treatments and four replications. The following were evaluated: plant height, number, length and leaf mass, stem diameter and mass, leaf/stem ratio, production of green and dry mass, support capacity for dairy cows, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and mineral matter. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 5% probability. The increase in N doses did not affect (p < 0.05) the morphometry of the purple elephant grass, however it positively stimulated the productivity, the animal support capacity and the bromatological components of the harvested material. The lack of response to nitrogen fertilization may be related to the edaphocilimatic conditions during the experiment and efficiency in the use of N of the variety used. The results demonstrate the high demand of the cultivar for N, actively interfering in the forage yield.

Resumo Várias correlações entre dioicia e características ecomorfológicas têm sido sugeridas para inferir as condições que favorecem este sistema sexual. A dioicia tem sido associada a sistemas de polinização especializados ou generalistas. O gênero Simarouba possui seis espécies dióicas que parecem ter polinizadores generalistas. Neste trabalho, examinamos aspectos da biologia reprodutiva de duas espécies desse gênero para investigar quais de seus atributos ecomorfológicos reprodutivos podem favorecer a dioicia. Nossos dados sugerem que S. amara e S. versicolor têm flores pequenas, abertas, abundantes, com antese noturna que são polinizadas apenas por mariposas também noturnas. Elas possuem um sistema sexual estável com dimorfismo na flor, inflorescência e fenologia de floração, que faz parte de suas estratégias de polinização. As plantas masculinas de ambas as espécies produzem mais flores por indivíduo do que as femininas. Esta alta produção de flores tem um papel importante no aumento do sucesso reprodutivo masculino. Ambas as espécies apresentaram baixa eficácia reprodutiva, especialmente S. versicolor. A baixa eficácia reprodutiva pode ser devido à falta de polinizadores ou à ineficácia dos polinizadores disponíveis localmente.

Abstract Several possible correlations between dioecy and eco-morphological features have been suggested to infer the conditions that would favor this sexual system. Dioecy has been associated either with specialized or generalized pollination systems. The genus Simarouba has six dioecious species that seem to have generalized pollinators. In this study, we examined the reproductive biology aspects of two Simarouba species to evaluate which of their eco-morphological attributes may favor dioecy. Our data suggest that S. amara and S. versicolor have small, inconspicuous, and abundant flowers of nocturnal anthesis and are only pollinated by nocturnal moths. They have a stable sexual system with flower, inflorescence, and flowering phenology dimorphism that is part of their pollination system strategies. Male plants of both species produce more flowers per individual than do female plants. A larger floral display may have an essential role in increasing male reproductive success. However, both species showed low reproductive efficacy, especially S. versicolor. The low reproductive efficacy may be due to the lack of pollinators or to the inefficacy of the pollinators available locally.

ABSTRACT. One way to reduce mineral fertilizers is to use alternative fertilizers instead, such as the byproducts from the food industry. In the present study we evaluated the effects of sugarcane bagasse ash on the physiology, growth, and development of sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.). We conducted an experiment in a greenhouse using a completely randomized design with two sunflower cultivars (Multissol and Catissol), five sugarcane bagasse ash doses (0.0, 3.125, 4.687, 6.25, and 7.812 mg ha-1), and 5 replicates. At 85 days after planting we determined the plant height; leaf number; stem diameter; internal and external diameter of the flower chapter; leaf area index; shoot dry weight; net assimilation rate; dry mass production rate; relative and absolute growth rate; extravasation of electrolytes; relative water content; photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, and the chlorophyll a/b ratio); and soluble carbohydrates, proteins, and proline. The height, number of leaves, and shoot dry mass increased due to the availability of nutrients contained in the ash. The incorporation of ash into the soil increased the photosynthetic activity (chlorophyll a and b) of both sunflower cultivars. The diameter of the stem, leaf area index, and relative growth rate of both sunflower cultivars increased with increasing ash dose. Therefore, the ash can be used as an alternative fertilizer, complementing or replacing mineral fertilizers.

Abstract The study aimed to evaluate the yield of components that are not part of the carcass, edible organs, and with a commercial value of sheep finished in feedlot fed with complete ration silage based on forage cactus and different levels of inclusion of cotton cake. Thirty-two crossbred Dorper lambs with Santa Inês hairless sheep were used, with an initial age of 120 days, weighing on average 17 ± 1.5 kg. Consumption of 5% of the live weight of dry matter was established, being weighed and readjusted daily according to the leftovers of 10% to make then the calculations of the consumption of dry matter (DMC). The weight of blood, heart, digestive tract, liver, diaphragm, kidneys, respiratory system, head, paws, tail, bladder, spleen, gallbladder, skin, and total fat did not show any significant difference (P > 0.05) as a function of experimental diets. However, the maximum level tested in this study promotes an increase in the yield of edible organs, representing a potential source of income to add to the property's income.

ABSTRACT In the mid-1990s, Victor Valla proposed to incorporate the population participation in the practice of health surveillance, through Paulo Freire’s popular education. This counterpoint to traditional surveillance practices, called civil health surveillance, added to the expanded concept of health, and has a strong connection with the critical perspective of Epidemiology as a means to understand the dialectical relationship between social classes and their lived spaces. The practice of civil surveillance aims to overcome essential gaps left by traditional methods of public health investigation. It includes a lack of attention to socio-cultural contexts, the construction of risk located only in the individual, and the representation of public health agendas that privilege and pathologize certain behaviors. This paper discusses the concept of civil health surveillance, the locus of discussion of population studies in the reification of the role of the contextual effect in explaining the social production of health and the incorporation of popular participation in health surveillance as an element of social transformation. The deepening of this discussion allows a participatory construction of new health models focused on the effective reduction of health inequities and, consequently, the effective universalization of the right to health.

RESUMO Em meados dos anos 1990, Victor Valla propôs a incorporação da participação da população à prática da vigilância em saúde, por meio da educação popular de Paulo Freire. Esse contraponto às práticas tradicionais da vigilância, nomeadas vigilância civil da saúde, somam-se à concepção ampliada de saúde, e possuem forte ligação com a perspectiva crítica da epidemiologia enquanto meio de compreender a relação dialética entre classes sociais e seus espaços vividos. A prática da vigilância civil pretende superar lacunas importantes deixadas pelos métodos tradicionais de investigação em saúde pública, como falta de atenção aos contextos socioculturais, construção do risco localizada somente no indivíduo e representação de agendas de saúde pública que privilegiam e patologizam certos comportamentos. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho debate o conceito de vigilância civil da saúde, o locus de discussão dos estudos de população na reificação do papel do efeito contextual para a explicação da produção social da saúde e a incorporação da participação popular à vigilância em saúde como elemento de transformação social. O aprofundamento dessa discussão, no limite, permite uma construção participativa de novos modelos de saúde concentrados na redução efetiva das iniquidades em saúde e, consequentemente, universalização efetiva do direito à saúde.

Many barriers impede the defense of health equity, especially those that hinder social participation in health. In the mid-1990s, Victor Valla proposed incorporating the population's participation into health surveillance through Paulo Freire's popular education. This counterpoint to traditional surveillance practices, then called civil health surveillance, is added to the expanded concept of health, and has a strong connection with the critical perspective of epidemiology to understand the dialectical relationship between social classes and their lived spaces. The practice of civil surveillance aims to overcome essential gaps left by traditional methods of public health investigation. It includes a lack of attention to socio-cultural contexts, the construction of risk located only in the individual, and the representation of public health agendas that privilege and pathologize certain behaviors. In this sense, this paper discusses concept of civil health surveillance, the locus of discussion of population studies in the reification of the role of the contextual effect in explaining the social production of health and the incorporation of popular participation in health surveillance as an element of social transformation. The deepening of this discussion allows a participatory construction of new health models focused on the effective reduction of health inequities and, consequently, the effective universalization of the right to health.

Muitas barreiras impedem a defesa da equidade na saúde, especialmente aquelas que dificultam a participação popular. Em meados dos anos 90, Victor Valla propõe a incorporação da participação da população à prática da vigilância em saúde, por meio da educação popular de Paulo Freire. Este contraponto às práticas tradicionais da vigilância, nomeadas vigilância civil da saúde, se somam à concepção ampliada de saúde, e possuem forte ligação com a perspectiva crítica da epidemiologia enquanto meio de compreender a relação dialética entre classes sociais e seus espaços vividos. A prática da vigilância civil pretende superar lacunas importantes deixadas pelos métodos tradicionais de investigação em saúde pública, como falta de atenção aos contextos socioculturais, a construção do risco localizada somente no indivíduo e a representação de agendas de saúde pública que privilegiam e patologizam certos comportamentos.&nbsp; Neste sentido, o presente trabalho debate o conceito de vigilância civil da saúde, o locus de discussão dos estudos de população na reificação do papel do efeito contextual para a explicação da produção social da saúde e a incorporação da participação popular à vigilância em saúde como elemento de transformação social.&nbsp;O aprofundamento desta discussão, no limite, permite uma construção participativa de novos modelos de saúde focados na redução efetiva das iniquidades em saúde e, consequentemente, universalização efetiva do direito à saúde.