Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa é explorar, na perspectiva de estudantes de uma universidade pública estadual que utiliza o modelo baseado em competências, os principais desafios e oportunidades derivados da adoção de ferramentas digitais no contexto de um modelo educacional online, gerado como resposta à pandemia de COVID-19. As implicações desta transição também foram examinadas. Para a realização deste estudo foi implementada uma metodologia de abordagem quantitativa com o objetivo de validar nossa hipótese. A população em estudo incluiu alunos matriculados nos quatro cursos de bacharelado oferecidos pela Faculdade de Comércio e Administração de Victoria. Desta população foi selecionada uma amostra aleatória de 334 estudantes. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionário estruturado composto por 35 itens. A análise de confiabilidade, avaliada através do índice alfa de Cronbach, obteve valor de 0,739, indicando alta confiabilidade nos resultados obtidos. Este estudo considerou a percepção dos estudantes universitários em seis dimensões principais, tendo em conta as condições de infraestrutura, conectividade e conhecimento nas diversas plataformas, que influenciam o processo de ensino-aprendizagem: i. participação acadêmica, ii. qualidade educacional, iii. incorporação tecnológica, iv. apoio acadêmico, v. competências digitais e vi. flexibilidade acadêmica.

Abstract The objective of this research is to explore, from the perspective of students at a state public university that uses the competency-based model, the key challenges and opportunities derived from the adoption of digital tools in the context of an online educational model, generated as response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The implications of this transition were also examined. To carry out this study, a quantitative approach methodology was implemented with the objective of validating our hypothesis. The population under study included students enrolled in the four bachelor's degrees offered by the Victoria Faculty of Commerce and Administration. From this population, a random sample of 334 students was selected. Data collection was carried out using a structured questionnaire consisting of 35 items. The reliability analysis, evaluated through Cronbach's alpha index, yielded a value of 0.739, indicating high reliability in the results obtained. This study considered the perception of university students in six key dimensions, taking into account the conditions of infrastructure, connectivity and knowledge on various platforms, which influence the teaching-learning process: i. academic participation, ii. educational quality, iii. technological incorporation, iv. academic support, v. digital skills and vi. academic flexibility.

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación es explorar, desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes de una universidad pública estatal que utiliza el modelo por competencias, los desafíos y oportunidades claves derivados de la adopción de herramientas digitales en el contexto de un modelo educativo en línea surgido como respuesta a la pandemia por covid-19. Para ello, se implementó una metodología de enfoque cuantitativo con el fin de validar la hipótesis planteada. La población objeto de estudio comprendió a los estudiantes inscritos en las cuatro licenciaturas ofrecidas por la Facultad de Comercio y Administración Victoria. A partir de esta población, se seleccionó una muestra aleatoria de 334 alumnos. La recopilación de datos se llevó a cabo mediante un cuestionario estructurados que consta de 35 ítems. El análisis de confiabilidad, evaluado a través del índice alfa de Cronbach, arrojó un valor de 0.739, lo que indica una alta confiabilidad en los resultados obtenidos. Este estudio consideró la percepción de los estudiantes universitarios en seis dimensiones clave, tomando en cuenta las condiciones de infraestructura, conectividad y conocimientos en diversas plataformas, las cuales influyen en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje: i) participación académica, ii) calidad educativa, iii) incorporación tecnológica, iv) apoyo académico, v) habilidades digitales y vi) flexibilidad académica.

Abstract Traditional post-fire forest management can influence future vegetation composition and recovery of a burned area. The present study, integrated in SUDOE-REMAS project (SOE3/P4/E0954) and Curricular Unit Silviculture II (Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa), evaluated the effect of forest management on the diversity of post-fire vegetation in the cork oak forest from Serra do Caldeirão (Algarve, Portugal). Climate is classified as Csa and most of soils are Leptosols. We selected three types of cork oak plots: unburned (A), burned with post-fire management (B) and burned with post-fire abandonment (C). Floristic inventories were carried out through transects (15 transects per group and each one with 10 m of length ) to determine species abundance and diversity. Hill series diversity indices were estimated for the individuals inventoried. The results indicated that plots C present greater diversity in all Hill Series indices. Plots A presented greater diversity when compared to B. The species Lavandula stoechas ssp. luisieri Rozeira was the dominant in the 3 groups (19% in plots A, 17% in B and 19% in C). In the burned plots (B+C), Cistus ladanifer L. represented 14% of the total individuals, with or without management. In the unburned plots (A), Ulex argenteus Welw. ex Webb representes 17% of the individuals present. There’s a greater presence of pyrophytic species (genera Cistus and Ulex) in burned plots, with or without management. Fire is favourable to species diversity but not to their resistance to new fires. Nevertheless, management of herbaceous flora in burned plots seems to positively influence vegetation composition and diversity.

Resumo A gestão florestal tradicional pós-fogo pode influenciar a vegetação futura do local e a recuperação da área ardida. O presente estudo, integrado no projeto SUDOE-REMAS (SOE3/P4/E0954) e na Unidade Curricular de Silvicultura II ministrada no Instituto Superior de Agronomia da Universidade de Lisboa, avaliou o efeito da gestão florestal na diversidade da vegetação pós-fogo no sobreiral da Serra do Caldeirão (Algarve, S de Portugal). A maioria dos solos são classificados como Leptossolos e o clima é do tipo Cs. Selecionaram-se parcelas de 3 tipos: não ardidas com gestão pós-fogo (A), ardidas com gestão pós-fogo (B) e ardidas sem gestão pós-fogo (C). Efetuaram-se inventários florísticos através de transeptos (15 transeptos por tipologia), com 10 m de comprimento cada, para avaliação da abundância e diversidade de espécies. Estimaram-se os índices de diversidade da série de Hill para os indivíduos inventariados. Os resultados indicaram que as parcelas do tipo C apresentam maior diversidade em todos os índices da Série de Hill. As parcelas A apresentaram maior diversidade quando comparadas com as parcelas B. A espécie Lavandula stoechas ssp. luisieri Rozeira é a espécie dominante nos 3 grupos (19% in plots A, 17% in B and 19% in C). Nas parcelas ardidas (B+C), Cistus ladanifer L. representa 14% dos indivíduos presentes, com ou sem gestão. Verificou-se maior presença de espécies pirófitas (géneros Cistus e Ulex) nas parcelas ardidas, com ou sem gestão. Este estudo aponta que o fogo pode favorecer a diversidade de espécies mas não a resistência das mesmas a novos fogos. Ainda assim, a gestão da flora herbácea nas parcelas ardidas parece influenciar positivamente a composição e diversidade.

RESUMEN El espíritu empresarial femenino (EEFEM) se ha presentado durante mucho tiempo como impulsado principalmente por la necesidad que abarca los procesos sociales de género que empujan a las mujeres a aventurarse como un medio para encontrar la independencia, la seguridad en sí mismas, el alivio financiero o un estilo de vida más equilibrado. La investigación existente también identificó diferencias en las motivaciones y barreras para el autoempleo femenino en países en desarrollo frente a países desarrollados. Por lo tanto, el artículo propone un marco integrador que combina el arraigo mixto y la teoría institucional para analizar el proceso empresarial de las mujeres inmigrantes, adoptando una lente multiteórica para profundizar la comprensión de las prácticas empresariales de las mujeres en el extranjero, abordando las inconsistencias del arraigo de Granovetter. EEFEM (EEFEM independencia mismas equilibrado desarrollados tanto inmigrantes extranjero Granovetter

ABSTRACT Female entrepreneurship (FENT) has long been presented as primarily driven by necessity, encompassing gendered social processes that push women into venturing to find independence, self-assurance, financial relief, or a more balanced lifestyle. Extant research also identified differences in motivations and barriers to female self-employment in developing versus developed countries. Thus, the article proposes an integrative framework combining Mixed Embeddedness and Institutional Theory to analyze immigrant women’s entrepreneurial process, adopting a multi-theoretical lens to deepen the understanding of women’s entrepreneurial practices, addressing Granovetter’s embeddedness’ inconsistencies. FENT (FENT necessity independence selfassurance, selfassurance self assurance, assurance self-assurance relief lifestyle selfemployment employment countries Thus womens s process multitheoretical multi theoretical practices Granovetters Granovetter embeddedness inconsistencies

RESUMO O empreendedorismo feminino (EFEM) vem sendo apresentado como impulsionado principalmente pela necessidade, abrangendo processos sociais de gênero que levam as mulheres a empreender como meio de encontrar independência, autoconfiança, alívio financeiro ou um estilo de vida mais equilibrado. Pesquisas existentes também identificaram diferenças nas motivações e barreiras ao autoemprego feminino em países em desenvolvimento versus países desenvolvidos. Assim, o artigo propõe um quadro integrador combinando a Imersão Mista e a Teoria Institucional para analisar o processo empreendedor das mulheres imigrantes, adotando uma lente multiteórica para aprofundar a compreensão das práticas empreendedoras das mulheres no exterior e sanar as inconsistências da imersão de Granovetter. EFEM (EFEM necessidade independência autoconfiança equilibrado desenvolvidos Assim imigrantes Granovetter

ABSTRACT Introduction: A year ago, in a sample of 113 patients, our research group found that a high number of lymphocytes in the immediate postoperative period was correlated to a poor prognosis in cardiovascular surgeries. This study is an expansion of the initial study in order to confirm this finding. Methods: We analyzed the data of 338 consecutive patients submitted to cardiovascular surgeries with cardiopulmonary bypass performed at Hospital Universitário Ciências Médicas (Belo Horizonte/Brazil) from 2015 to 2017. We analyzed 39 variables with the outcomes death, hospital stay, and intensive care unit stay. Results: The value of lymphocytes in the immediate postoperative period > 2175.0/mm³ was an indicator of poor prognosis in this sample (P<0.001). The variables female sex, age, high level of European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II, increased stay in the intensive care unit and in the ward, elevation of creatinine in the preoperative period and at intensive care unit discharge, elevation of the percentage of immediate postoperative period segmented neutrophils, high immediate postoperative period neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, fasting hyperglycemia, preoperative critical condition, reintubation, mild or transient acute renal failure, surgical infection, cardiopulmonary bypass, and aortic cross-clamping and mechanical ventilation durations also had an impact on the mortality outcome. Conclusion: The value of lymphocytes in the immediate postoperative period > 2175.0/mm3 was an indicator of poor prognosis in cardiovascular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Introduction ago 11 finding Methods 33 Belo Horizonte/Brazil HorizonteBrazil Horizonte Brazil 201 2017 3 death Results 21750mm³ mm 2175 0 mm³ 2175.0/mm P<0.001. P0001 P P<0.001 . 001 (P<0.001) sex age II ward discharge neutrophils neutrophillymphocyte neutrophil lymphocyte ratio hyperglycemia condition reintubation failure infection crossclamping cross clamping outcome Conclusion 21750mm3 mm3 1 20 21750mm 217 P000 P<0.00 00 (P<0.001 2 21 P00 P<0.0 (P<0.00 P0 P<0. (P<0.0 P<0 (P<0. P< (P<0 (P< (P

RESUMO Introdução: A “feminização” da medicina é uma tendência nacional e mundial. Cada vez mais mulheres têm escolhido essa área como profissão, mudando a demografia médica brasileira e internacional. No entanto, ainda há algumas barreiras na formação e atuação em medicina, como a manutenção de estereótipos de gênero, o que pode ser observado na sub-representação de mulheres em áreas cirúrgicas. Ademais, desigualdade salarial, assédio, machismo, preconceito e discriminação de gênero são outros desafios enfrentados pelas médicas. Objetivo: O artigo analisou a compreensão de mulheres médicas sobre as relações de gênero e a possível influência na sua formação acadêmica. Método: Consistiu em um estudo qualitativo, sendo realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, no período de novembro a dezembro de 2022, com 13 médicas que atuam profissionalmente no município de Marabá, no Pará. A amostra foi obtida por meio do método bola de neve, e, para a abordagem dos dados, utilizou-se a análise temática de conteúdo proposta por Laurence Bardin. Resultado: As entrevistas apontaram uma diversidade de compreensões acerca do conceito de gênero e demonstraram, de variadas formas, a interferência das relações de gênero na formação médica. As participantes narraram situações misóginas e machistas vivenciadas por elas, as quais, em sua maioria, evidenciavam a minimização das qualificações profissionais das mulheres. Além disso, o assédio foi algo bem evidenciado pelas colaboradoras, nove das 13 entrevistadas relataram episódios que envolviam comentários sobre aparência, convites, favores e contatos físicos, principalmente provenientes de professores e preceptores. Também foi pontuado que os estereótipos relacionados à escolha da especialidade são evidentes no meio médico, pois observam-se a predominância de mulheres em áreas da clínica médica, como dermatologia e pediatria, e o afastamento das especialidades cirúrgicas. Conclusão: Por meio dos relatos das participantes, foi observado o que médicas compreendem sobre o conceito de gênero, e revelou-se um contraste entre as suas percepções. Ademais, este trabalho abordou como, do ponto de vista de médicas, o gênero influencia na formação acadêmica das mais variadas formas, sendo retratada a qualidade de situações apresentadas pelas entrevistadas que evidenciam essa interferência. Introdução feminização “feminização mundial profissão internacional entanto subrepresentação sub representação cirúrgicas Ademais salarial machismo Objetivo Método qualitativo semiestruturadas 2022 1 Marabá Pará neve dados utilizouse utilizou se Bardin Resultado demonstraram formas elas quais maioria disso colaboradoras aparência convites físicos preceptores médico observamse observam pediatria Conclusão revelouse revelou percepções 202 20 2

ABSTRACT Introduction: The “feminization” of medicine is a national and worldwide phenomenon. Women have been increasingly choosing this field as a profession, changing the demographics of Brazilian and international medicine. However, there are still some barriers in medical education and practice, such as perpetual gender stereotypes, which can be observed in the underrepresentation of women in surgical fields. Furthermore, wage inequality, harassment, sexism, prejudice, and gender discrimination are other challenges faced by female physicians. Objective: The article analyzed the understanding of female physicians regarding gender relations and their potential influence on their academic formation. Method: This is a qualitative study that involved semi-structured interviews that were conducted from November to December 2022 with thirteen female physicians practicing professionally in the city of Marabá, in the state of Pará. The sample was obtained using the snowball method and the Thematic Content Analysis proposed by Laurence Bardin was used to process the data. Result: The interviews pointed to a diversity of understandings about the concept of gender and demonstrated, in various regards, the interference of gender relations in medical education. The participants narrated misogynistic and sexist situations they had experienced, most of which evidenced the belittling of women’s professional qualifications. Additionally, harassment was clearly evident among the contributors, as nine out of the thirteen interviewees reported episodes involving comments about their appearance, invitations, favors, and physical contact, mainly from professors and preceptors. It was also noted that stereotypes related to specialty choice are evident in the medical field, as there is a predominance of women in clinical areas such as dermatology and pediatrics and a distancing from surgical specialties. Conclusion: The participants’ reports revealed the physicians’ understanding of the concept of gender, with contrasting views. In addition, this work addressed how, from the perspective of female physicians, gender influences academic training in various aspects, depicting the quality of situations presented by the interviewees that highlight this interference. Introduction feminization “feminization phenomenon profession However practice fields Furthermore inequality sexism prejudice Objective formation Method semistructured semi structured 202 Marabá Pará data Result demonstrated regards experienced womens s qualifications Additionally contributors appearance invitations favors contact preceptors specialties Conclusion views addition how aspects 20 2

Abstract. - In the field of medical care, hospitals face numerous challenges in effectively managing biomedical data. This can lead to a decrease in the efficiency of care, as not all institutions have efficient methods for managing such data. In addition to personal data, physiological constants, such as heart rate and oxygen levels, need to be constantly monitored in order to detect any changes. However, obtaining this data from different instruments and ensuring its constant recording can be problematic. To address these challenges, a system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) has been developed. This system utilizes sensors connected to ESP32 cards, which are in constant communication, to obtain physiological constants and other relevant data. A prototype has been designed, which includes sensors placed on the wrist to measure three physiological constants. The MAX30102 pulse sensor is used to measure blood oxygenation and heart rate. This sensor can be placed on the fingers, lobe, or wrist to obtain accurate readings. Additionally, the MLX90614 sensor is used for temperature acquisition. All the data collected by these sensors is managed by an ESP32 card, which acquires the information and sends it for further use. They employ communication protocols that enable the simultaneous reading of multiple sensors for the parallel monitoring of more than one patient, a capability not addressed in current prehospital care systems. To ensure constant monitoring of physiological constants, a master-slave configuration is utilized. Each slave module collects information from individual patients and sends it to a master card. The data is encrypted during transmission. These devices can be used in various healthcare settings, including prehospital care, and can be carried by the patients themselves. The collected data is then transmitted to a central system using the MQTT protocol. A master ESP32, connected to a Raspberry Pi 4, acts as the main console, where the data is centralized. Once the data is in the MQTT broker, it can be accessed and analyzed from various devices for traceability purposes. Real-time data recording is achieved by utilizing Google services, specifically Firebase, which stores the data in a database.

Resumen. - En la atención médica dentro de un hospital son múltiples los eventos que se presentan a diario, en donde el manejo de datos biomédicos es compartido en todas las áreas, lo que se torna complicado y no en todas las instituciones se tienen métodos adecuados para la gestión de estos datos, lo que provoca una disminución en la eficiencia de la atención. Además de los datos personales, las constantes fisiológicas son datos que deben llevar un monitoreo constante de lo contrario es un problema al tener signos cambiantes, estos datos se obtienen de diferentes instrumentos y se lleva el registro de una sola lectura sin ser constante. Debido a esto se desarrolla un sistema basado en el internet de las cosas, en el cual la obtención de las constantes fisiológicas y otros datos se realiza a través de sensores conectados a tarjetas ESP32 que están en constante comunicación. Para la adquisición de datos, se diseña un prototipo el cual se coloca en la muñeca con los sensores incluidos para la toma de 3 constantes fisiológicas. Se emplea el sensor de pulso MAX30102 que permite obtener la oxigenación de la sangre y la frecuencia cardiaca, para obtener la lectura del pulso y/o ritmo cardiaco se coloca el dispositivo en los dedos, lóbulo o muñeca. Además, se cuenta con el sensor MLX90614 para la adquisición de la temperatura. El manejo de datos se realiza por medio de una tarjeta ESP32 que adquiere la información de los sensores y la envía para su utilización. Se utilizan protocolos de comunicación que permite la lectura de múltiples sensores para la lectura paralela de más de un paciente, esto no se ha tratado en los sistemas actuales de atención prehospitalaria. El constante monitoreo independiente de las constantes fisiológicas se comunica a una central por medio de una configuración esclavos maestro, en donde cada esclavo obtiene la información de cada módulo en el paciente y es enviada a una tarjeta maestra, todos los datos son encriptados en cada envió, estos dispositivos pueden ser utilizados en atención prehospitalaria y dentro de los hospitales portados por el propio paciente. La concentración de los datos es recabada en una ESP32 maestra la cual se conecta de forma serial a la consola principal que es una Raspberry Pi 4, a través del protocolo MQTT, una vez que se tienen los datos en MQTT broker se pueden visualizar en diferentes dispositivos para la trazabilidad de estos datos. Los datos son registrados en una base de datos en tiempo real usando los servicios de Google en Firebase.

Resúmen Conocer a qué alternativas de ocio dedican su tiempo libre los estudiantes universitarios y si estas son saludables o no es una preocupación socioeducativa. Son los objetivos de cada persona y su personalidad los que condicionan qué tipo de ocio se consume. Entre los espacios de ocio se encuentra el ocio digital. En el contexto del Proyecto de Innovación Docente para el curso académico 2022/2023 de la Universidad de Salamanca “Ocio saludable para estudiantes de la población universitaria 2.0”, se produce este estudio que tiene por objetivo averiguar qué entienden los jóvenes universitarios de la Universidad de Salamanca por ocio digital y qué opinión tienen sobre él. Además, la pregunta de investigación a responder es: ¿qué percepción tiene el alumnado de la Universidad de Salamanca del ocio digital? Para llevar a cabo la investigación y dar respuesta al objetivo y pregunta de investigación se ha empleado la metodología cualitativa. El diseño de investigación ha estado basado en el análisis de contenido, creando una tabla de categorías y una encuesta de respuesta abierta para la realización de la toma de datos. Esta encuesta se ha difundido entre el alumnado de la Universidad de Salamanca de diferentes titulaciones y mediante un muestreo no probabilístico y la técnica de bola de nieve se ha obtenido una muestra de 100 personas. El alumnado entiende el ocio digital como la realización de sus gustos y aficiones con el uso de recursos tecnológicos, destacando el fácil acceso a la información y la comunicación con personas lejanas como aspectos positivos y la adicción y su uso excesivo como negativos. Como limitación, destaca el sesgo en la selección de los participantes, que se corregirá en el futuro, ampliando la muestra y el desarrollo, analizando el tipo de ocio digital consumido.

Abstract Knowing what leisure alternatives university students devote their free time to and whether these are healthy or not is a socio-educational concern. It is the objectives of each person and their personality that determine the type of leisure time they consume. Among the leisure spaces is digital leisure. In the context of the Teaching Innovation Project for the academic year 2022/2023 of the University of Salamanca "Healthy leisure for students of the university population 2.0", this study aims to find out what young university students of the University of Salamanca understand by digital leisure and what opinion they have about it. Furthermore, the research question to be answered is: What perception do the students of the University of Salamanca have of digital leisure? In order to carry out the research and answer the research question and objective, qualitative methodology was used. The research design was based on content analysis, creating a table of categories and an open-ended survey for data collection. This survey was disseminated among the students of the University of Salamanca of different degrees and by means of non-probabilistic sampling and the snowball technique, a sample of 100 people was obtained. The students understand digital leisure as the realization of their tastes and hobbies with the use of technological resources, highlighting the easy access to information and communication with distant people as positive aspects and addiction and its excessive use as negative. As a limitation, the bias in the selection of the participants stands out, which will be corrected in the future by expanding the sample and the development, analyzing the type of digital leisure consumed.

RESUMEN La investigación tiene como objetivo identificar las técnicas lúdicas en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de matemáticas en estudiantes de séptimo de Educación General Básica (EGB), en el cantón el Tambo, en la Unidad Educativa Fisco-Misional Mariana de Jesús. Para ello se desarrolla una investigación cuantitativa por medio de una encuesta con 9 preguntas cerradas aplicadas a los educandos. Los resultados demostraron que los estudiantes prefieren las estrategias lúdicas en la enseñanza de matemáticas y consideran que en la actualidad no se ejecutan tales acciones con mucha frecuencia, además indican que estas son motivantes y los ayudarían a lograr de mejor forma los aprendizajes.

ABSTRACT The objective of the research is to identify playful techniques in the teaching-learning of mathematics in seventh-grade students of Basic General Education (EGB), in the canton of El Tambo, in the Mariana de Jesús Treasury-Missionary Educational Unit. For this, a quantitative investigation is developed through a survey with 9 closed questions applied to the students. The results showed that students prefer playful strategies in teaching mathematics and consider that currently such actions are not carried out very frequently, they also indicate that these are motivating and would help them to achieve learning in a better way.

ABSTRACT The chemical composition, antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-Candida albicans activity in vitro of the essential oil of Cinchona pubescens Vahl. leaves from the Lambayeque region were analyzed. The predominant phytochemical compounds detected by HPLC analysis were phytol (36,98 %), n-Tetratetracontan (9,38 %) and heneicosane (6,69 %). The DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods were used to determine the antioxidant activity and the agar diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial and anti-Candida albicans activity in vitro. The essential oil of Cinchona pubescens leaves was reported to have an IC50 of 273.029 mg/mL and TEAC of 0.0089mg Trolox/g sample with the DPPH method; with ABTS an IC50 of 1.2801 mg/mL and a TEAC of 3.5584 mg Trolox/g sample and with FRAP an AAEAC of 1.622 mg AA/ g oil was obtained. In addition, the antimicrobial and anti-Candida albicans activity assay expressed negative results against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. In conclusion, the HPLC analysis of the chemical composition of the essential oil did not present any compounds with antioxidant capacity and despite containing n-tetratetracontan and heneicosane, compounds with antimicrobial capacity, no inhibition of bacterial growth was observed.

RESUMEN Se analizó la composición química, la actividad antioxidante, antibacteriana y anti- Candida albicans in vitro del aceite esencial de las hojas de Cinchona pubescens Vahl. originario de la región de Lambayeque. Los compuestos fitoquímicos predominantes detectados por análisis de HPLC fueron el fitol (36,98 %), n-Tetratetracontano (9,38 %) y heneicosano (6,69 %). Se emplearon los métodos de DPPH, ABTS y FRAP para determinar la actividad antioxidante y el método por difusión en agar para evaluar la actividad antibacteriana y anti-Candida albicans in vitro. Se encontró que el aceite esencial de las hojas de Cinchona pubescens posee un IC50 de 273.029 mg/mL y TEAC de 0.0089mg Trolox/g muestra con el método DPPH; con ABTS un IC50 de 1.2801 mg/mL y un TEAC de 3.5584 mg Trolox/g muestra y con FRAP se obtuvo y un AAEAC de 1.622 mg AA/ g aceite. Además, el ensayo de actividad antimicrobiana y anti-Candida albicans expresó resultados negativos frente a Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis y Candida albicans. En conclusión, el análisis de HPLC de la composición química del aceite esencial no presento ningún compuesto con capacidad antioxidante y a pesar de contener n-tetratetracontano y heneicosano, compuestos con capacidad antimicrobiana, no se observó ninguna inhibición del crecimiento bacteriano.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The study of scientific communication in student teachers is of great interest in terms of the main forms they use for this purpose: publication in student scientific journals and participation in scientific events. Objective: To characterize the practice of scientific communication in student teachers at Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Victoria de Girón”. Material and Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in the aforementioned faculty in Havana. From a population of 198 subjects, a sample of 131 students was formed by means of a stratified probabilistic sampling. The data were processed using descriptive statistics. The Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test was used. Results: The results show that 87% of the student teachers reported having participated in student scientific meetings; in addition, 16.8% reported having scientific publications. Both variables were statistically significantly associated (p< 0.05) with factors related to seniority in the Frank País Student Teachers’ Movement, membership in the student scientific group, and incorporation into a research project. The more senior the students were, the higher the average number of papers presented at scientific conferences, and the more frequently they participated in all types of written reports. This was not the case with publications. Conclusions: The practice of scientific communication in student teachers at Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Victoria de Girón” is characterized by a remarkable presentation of research results in scientific meetings, but a scarce publication of these results.

RESUMEN Introducción: Posee notable interés el estudio de la comunicación científica en alumnos ayudantes en torno a las principales formas que estos emplean con tal fin: la publicación en revistas y la participación en eventos. Objetivo: Caracterizar la práctica de la comunicación científica en alumnos ayudantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Victoria de Girón”. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en la mencionada facultad habanera. De una población de 198 sujetos, mediante un muestreo probabilístico estratificado se conformó una muestra de 131 estudiantes. Los datos fueron sometidos a un procesamiento estadístico descriptivo. Fue empleado el test exacto de Fisher-Freeman-Halton. Resultados: El 87 % de los alumnos ayudantes refirió haber participado en jornadas científicas estudiantiles; 16,8 % reportó poseer publicaciones científicas. Ambas variables se asociaron de forma estadísticamente significativa (p< 0,05) con factores relacionados con la antigüedad en el Movimiento de Alumnos Ayudantes “Frank País”, la pertenencia al grupo científico estudiantil y la incorporación a un proyecto de investigación. A más cursos de antigüedad, presentaban un mayor promedio de trabajos en las jornadas científicas e incursionaban con mayor frecuencia en todas las tipologías de informe escrito. No sucedió de ese modo con las publicaciones. Conclusiones: La práctica de la comunicación científica en los alumnos ayudantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Victoria de Girón” se caracteriza por una notable presentación de los resultados investigativos en las jornadas científicas, pero una escasa publicación de estos.

Abstract This article presents a synthesis and discussion regarding congenital pathologies and developmental defects identified in the axial skeletons of individuals from different archaeological periods on the Antofagasta coast. Despite the small number of cases in the analyzed sample (n = 6), the research compares that figure with the cases reported for the coastal area of Arica and Tarapacá, revealing no statistically significant differences between the areas. Given the environmental and ethnohistorical background of the area, we propose that exposure to several natural contaminants and an endogamic kinship system are the most likely causes of these pathologies.

Resumen En este trabajo se presenta una síntesis y discusión sobre la presencia de patologías congénitas y defectos del desarrollo en individuos de diferentes periodos arqueológicos de la costa de la región de Antofagasta, en el norte de Chile, las que se concentran en el esqueleto axial. A pesar de que la muestra analizada presenta un número bajo (n = 6), se realiza una comparación con casos reportados para la zona costera de Arica y Tarapacá, obteniéndose que la diferencia entre ambas zonas no es estadísticamente significativa. Considerando antecedentes ambientales y etnohistóricos de la zona, se propone que una combinación a la exposición de diferentes contaminantes naturales, junto a un sistema de parentesco endogámico, serían las causas más probables de la aparición de estas patologías.

ABSTRACT SARS-CoV-2 is caused by an RNA virus responsible for the disease known as COVID-19. First diagnosed in 2019, in a human being in the city of Wuhan, China, this disease is classified as a severe respiratory disease. Propagation occurs through coughing, sneezing, inhalation of droplets, or even indirect contact with the nasal, oral, and ocular mucous membranes. Preventive measures involving social distancing, quarantine, and mask use were implemented to prevent its spread. Such measures challenge dental practices, since they depend on proximity and do not allow the use of personal protective equipment, which cover the patient’s oral cavity. This integrative literature review sought to identify articles discussing preventive measures of adequate use in current dental practices, reducing the risk of COVID-19 contamination and spread. Results showed the importance of dentists acting on the disease transmission routes, following care protocols, implementing new dental clinic management practices, such as avoiding crowds, longer time between appointments, use of teledentistry, and adopting preventive measures inside the dental office like hand washing, use of N95 mask, face shield, and air filters. However, oral health professionals must be prepared to face any imminent challenge imposed by infectious diseases in dental practice, following protocol before, during, and after dental care. SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2 SARS-CoV- COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 2019 Wuhan China coughing sneezing droplets nasal membranes distancing quarantine spread practices equipment patients patient s cavity COVID-1 routes protocols crowds appointments teledentistry washing N N9 shield filters However practice before during SARS-CoV COVID1 1 201 COVID- 20

RESUMO O SARS-CoV-2 é causado por um vírus RNA responsável pela doença conhecida como COVID-19. Essa doença foi diagnosticada pela primeira vez em 2019, em um humano na cidade de Wuhan, na China, sendo classificada como uma doença respiratória grave. A propagação da mesma se dá através da tosse, espirros, inalação de gotículas ou, então, contato indireto com as mucosas nasal, oral e ocular. Para evitar o avanço da doença, medidas preventivas foram implantadas, envolvendo o distanciamento social, quarentena e a utilização de máscaras. Tais medidas desafiam as práticas odontológicas, uma vez que os cirurgiões-dentistas dependem da proximidade; além do que a prática odontológica não permite o uso de equipamentos de proteção individuais que cubram a cavidade oral do paciente, obviamente. Este trabalho teve como objetivo reunir, através de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, artigos com medidas preventivas que possam ser utilizadas nas práticas odontológicas atuais, diminuindo o risco de contaminação e disseminação da COVID-19. Pôde-se observar a importância do cirurgião-dentista em atuar nas rotas de transmissão da doença, seguindo protocolos de atendimento, fazendo novo gerenciamento da clínica odontológica como por exemplo; evitando aglomerações, maior tempo entre uma consulta e outra, uso da teleodontologia e também medidas preventivas dentro do consultório, como: lavagem das mãos, uso de máscara N95, protetor facial e filtros de ar. Com tudo, os profissionais da saúde bucal devem estar preparados para enfrentar qualquer desafio iminente, imposto pelas doenças infecciosas na prática odontológica, seguindo protocolo, antes, durante e depois dos atendimentos odontológicos. SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2 SARS-CoV- COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 COVID-19 2019 Wuhan China grave tosse espirros ou então nasal ocular implantadas social máscaras cirurgiõesdentistas cirurgiões dentistas proximidade paciente obviamente reunir literatura atuais Pôdese Pôde cirurgiãodentista cirurgião dentista atendimento exemplo aglomerações outra consultório mãos N95 N ar tudo iminente protocolo antes odontológicos SARS-CoV COVID1 1 COVID-1 201 N9 COVID- 20

ABSTRACT Introduction: During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) was used as support while waiting for the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) or as an alternative to invasive ventilation. The objective of this work is the description and analysis of the use of CNAF in our population. Objectives: Primary: Determine if HFNC prevents orotracheal intubation. Secondary: Analyze predictors of success at the start of CNAF and a descriptive analysis of the sample Materials and method: Retrospective descriptive observational study. Patients over 16 years of age positive for SARS-CoV-2, treated in Guard and ICU were included. who used CNAF between October 2020 and March 2021 Data was collected in individual forms, analyzed by an external professional. Results: The study included 72 patients (16 to 88 years old), 20 women and 52 men; 50 % of the sample avoided orotracheal intubation. Start IROX, group “success” vs. group “failure” p = 0.006. Comparison Irox.12 h group “success” vs. group “failure” p < 0.001. Comparison “Time from admission to start of CNAF” group “success” vs. group “failure” p = 0.133. Comparison “Delta IROX” group “success” vs. group “failure” p = 0.092. Conclusion: HFNC avoided orotracheal intubation in the 50 % of the cases. The initial IROX and the IROX 12 hours after the use of HFNC were statistically significant, which is a good predictor of success in this population. The date of onset of symptoms and the use of FNAF and IROX delta during the first 12 hours were not statistically significant for the success of the therapy. These data are a useful tool for generating patient selection protocols for this pathology.

RESUMEN Introducción: Durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2, la cánula nasal de alto flujo (CNAF) se usó como soporte en espera de Unidad de terapia intensiva (UTI) o como alternativa a la ventilación invasiva. Objetivos: Primario: Determinar si la cánula nasal de alto flujo evita la intubación orotraqueal. Secundarios: Analizar predictores de éxito al inicio de la cánula nasal de alto flujo y análisis descriptivo de la muestra. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 16 años positivos para SARS-CoV-2, atendidos en guardia y unidad de terapia intensiva, que utilizaron cánula nasal de alto flujo entre octubre de 2020 y marzo 2021. Se recolectaron datos en planillas individuales, analizadas por un profesional externo. Resultados: Se incluyeron en el trabajo 72 pacientes (de 16 a 88 años), 20 mujeres y 52 hombres. El 50 % de la muestra evitó la intubación orotraqueal. El IROX inicio grupo “éxito” vs. grupo “fracaso”, p = 0,006. Comparación Irox 12 h grupo “éxito” vs. grupo “fracaso” p < 0,001. Comparación “tiempo desde ingreso a inicio de cánula nasal de alto flujo” grupo “éxito” vs. grupo “fracaso”, p = 0,133. Comparación “Delta IROX” grupo “éxito” vs grupo “fracaso” p = 0,092. Conclusión: Se evitó la intubación orotraqueal en el 50 % de los casos. El IROX de inicio y el IROX a las 12 h del uso de cánula nasal de alto flujo fue estadísticamente significativo, lo que es un buen predictor del éxito en esta población. La fecha de inicio de síntomas y el uso de cánula nasal de alto flujo y el delta del IROX durante las primeras 12 h no fue estadísticamente significativo para el éxito de la terapia. Estos datos son una herramienta útil con el objeto de generar protocolos de selección de pacientes para esta patología.

ABSTRACT Introduction: During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) was used as support while waiting for the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) or as an alternative to invasive ventilation. The objective of this work is the description and analysis of the use of CNAF in our population. Objectives: Primary: Determine if HFNC prevents orotracheal intubation. Secondary: Analyze predictors of success at the start of CNAF and a descriptive analysis of the sample Materials and method: Retrospective descriptive observational study. Patients over 16 years of age positive for SARS-CoV-2, treated in Guard and ICU were included. who used CNAF between October 2020 and March 2021 Data was collected in individual forms, analyzed by an external professional. Results: The study included 72 patients (16 to 88 years old), 20 women and 52 men; 50 % of the sample avoided orotracheal intubation. Start IROX, group “success” vs. group “failure” p = 0.006. Comparison Irox.12 h group “success” vs. group “failure” p < 0.001. Comparison “Time from admission to start of CNAF” group “success” vs. group “failure” p = 0.133. Comparison “Delta IROX” group “success” vs. group “failure” p = 0.092. Conclusion: HFNC avoided orotracheal intubation in the 50 % of the cases. The initial IROX and the IROX 12 hours after the use of HFNC were statistically significant, which is a good predictor of success in this population. The date of onset of symptoms and the use of FNAF and IROX delta during the first 12 hours were not statistically significant for the success of the therapy. These data are a useful tool for generating patient selection protocols for this pathology.

RESUMEN Introducción: Durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2, la cánula nasal de alto flujo (CNAF) se usó como soporte en espera de Unidad de terapia intensiva (UTI) o como alternativa a la ventilación invasiva. Objetivos: Primario: Determinar si la cánula nasal de alto flujo evita la intubación oro traqueal. Secundarios: Analizar predictores de éxito al inicio de la cánula nasal de alto flujo y análisis descriptivo de la muestra. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 16 años positivos para SARS-CoV-2, atendidos en guardia y unidad de terapia intensiva, que utilizaron cánula nasal de alto flujo entre octubre de 2020 y marzo 2021. Se recolectaron datos en planillas individuales, analizadas por un profesional externo. Resultados: Se incluyeron en el trabajo 72 pacientes (de 16 a 88 años), 20 mujeres y 52 hombres. El 50 % de la muestra evitó la intubación orotraqueal. El IROX inicio grupo “éxito” vs. grupo “fracaso”, p = 0,006. Comparación Irox 12 h grupo “éxito” vs. grupo “fracaso” p < 0,001. Comparación “tiempo desde ingreso a inicio de cánula nasal de alto flujo” grupo “éxito” vs. grupo “fracaso”, p = 0,133. Comparación “Delta IROX” grupo “éxito” vs grupo “fracaso” p = 0,092. Conclusión: Se evitó la intubación orotraqueal en el 50 % de los casos. El IROX de inicio y el IROX a las 12 h del uso de cánula nasal de alto flujo fue estadísticamente significativo, lo que es un buen predictor del éxito en esta población. La fecha de inicio de síntomas y el uso de cánula nasal de alto flujo y el delta del IROX durante las pri meras 12 h no fue estadísticamente significativo para el éxito de la terapia. Estos datos son una herramienta útil con el objeto de generar protocolos de selección de pacientes para esta patología.

Introduction: Frank País Student Teachers’ Movement constitutes a valuable pool of researchers. However, these potentialities do not always generate such a result, which makes it necessary to systematically monitor that activity. Objective: To characterize the student teachers’ research activity at Victoria de Girón Faculty of Medical Sciences. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in a stratified probabilistic sample of 131 subjects. Statistical analysis was descriptive. Pearson’s chi-square test and Cramer’s V coefficient were used. Results: The students in the fifth academic year, among the 12 investigative skills explored, in eight reached the highest figures in terms of those who expressed mastering them. The clinical area was the one of main research interest (50.4 %); this variable was associated with the type of specialty of the assistantship (p &lt; 0.001; V = 0.710). 53.4% ​​of the students reported being linked to scientific research, which presented a statistical association (p &lt; 0.001; 0.6 ≤ V &lt; 0.8) with the variables: seniority in the Movement, self-perception of its importance in professional training, self-assessment of preparation in it, incorporation into a research project, belonging to the Student Scientific Group, and interest in practicing it in postgraduate studies. Few were linked to research projects (n = 22), the Student Scientific Group (n = 37) and scientific publication (n = 22). Conclusions: In the student teachers’ of this faculty, an insufficient activity in scientific research is observed.

Introducción: El Movimiento de Alumnos Ayudantes “Frank País” constituye una valiosa cantera de investigadores. Sin embargo, estas potencialidades no siempre generan tal resultado, por lo cual se torna necesario monitorear sistemáticamente dicha actividad. Objetivo: Caracterizar la actividad investigativa de los alumnos ayudantes en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Victoria de Girón”. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, en una muestra probabilística estratificada de 131 sujetos. El análisis estadístico fue descriptivo. Se empleó la prueba ji-cuadrado de Pearson y el coeficiente V de Cramer. Resultados: Los estudiantes en el quinto año académico, de las 12 habilidades investigativas exploradas, en ocho alcanzaron las mayores cifras en cuanto a los que expresaron dominarlas. El área clínica fue la de principal interés investigativo (50,4 %); esta variable se asoció con el tipo de especialidad de la ayudantía (p &lt; 0,001; V = 0,710). El 53,4 % de los educandos refirió estar vinculado a la investigación científica, lo cual presentó asociación estadística (p &lt; 0,001; 0,6 ≤ V &lt; 0,8) con las variables: antigüedad en el Movimiento, autopercepción de su importancia en la formación profesional, la autoevaluación de la preparación en ella, incorporación a un proyecto de investigación, pertenencia al Grupo Científico Estudiantil e interés por practicarla en el posgrado. Pocos se encontraban vinculados a proyectos de investigación (n = 22), al Grupo Científico Estudiantil (n = 37) y a la publicación científica (n = 22). Conclusiones: En los alumnos ayudantes de esta facultad se observa una insuficiente actividad en investigación científica.