ABSTRACT Purpose: To assess Meibomian gland dysfunction using meibography in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum and correlate with ocular surface changes. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated patients with xeroderma pigmentosum. All patients underwent a comprehensive and standardized interview. The best-corrected visual acuity of each eye was determined. Detailed ophthalmic examination was conducted, including biomicroscopy examination of the ocular surface, Schirmer test type I, and meibography, and fundus examination was also performed when possible. Meibomian gland dysfunction was assessed by non-contact meibography using Oculus Keratograph® 5M (OCULUS Inc., Arlington, WA, USA). Saliva samples were collected using the Oragene DNA Self-collection kit (DNA Genotek Inc., Ottawa, Canada), and DNA was extracted as recommended by the manufacturer. Factors associated with abnormal meiboscores were assessed using generalized estimating equation models. Results: A total of 42 participants were enrolled, and 27 patients underwent meibography. The meiboscore was abnormal in the upper eyelid in 8 (29.6%) patients and in the lower eyelid in 17 (62.9%). The likelihood of having abnormal meiboscores in the lower eyelid was 16.3 times greater than that in the upper eyelid. In the final multivariate model, age (p=0.001), mutation profile (p=0.006), and presence of ocular surface malignant tumor (OSMT) (p=0.014) remained significant for abnormal meiboscores. For a 1-year increase in age, the likelihood of abnormal meiboscores increased by 12%. Eyes with OSMT were 58.8 times more likely to have abnormal meiboscores than eyes without ocular surface malignant tumor. Conclusion: In the final model, age, xeroderma pigmentosum profile, previous cancer, and clinical alterations on the eyelid correlated with a meiboscore of ≥2. Meibomian gland dysfunction was common in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum, mainly in the lower eyelid. The severity of Meibomian gland dysfunction increases with age and is associated with severe eyelid changes. Purpose changes Methods crosssectional cross sectional interview bestcorrected best corrected determined conducted I possible noncontact non contact Keratograph M OCULUS Inc Inc. Arlington WA USA. USA . USA) Selfcollection Self collection Ottawa Canada, Canada , Canada) manufacturer models Results 4 enrolled 2 29.6% 296 29 6 (29.6% 1 62.9%. 629 62.9% 62 9 (62.9%) 163 16 3 16. model p=0.001, p0001 p p=0.001 0 001 (p=0.001) p=0.006, p0006 p=0.006 006 (p=0.006) (OSMT p=0.014 p0014 014 (p=0.014 1year year 12 12% 588 58 58. Conclusion cancer ≥2 29.6 (29.6 62.9 (62.9% p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.001 (p=0.006 p=0.01 p001 01 (p=0.01 5 ≥ 29. (29. 62. (62.9 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.00 (p=0.0 (29 (62. p0 p=0. (p=0. (2 (62 p=0 (p=0 ( (6 p= (p= (p

Resumen Escherichia coli es uno de los principales patógenos humanos causantes de diferentes infecciones de inicio hospitalario y comunitario. Se determinó que el 1,96% (32/1.632) de los aislamientos de E. coli recuperados entre enero de 2013 y marzo de 2015 en el Hospital Regional de Ushuaia, provincia de Tierra del Fuego, fueron resistentes a cefalosporinas de tercera generación (CTG). Estos aislamientos fueron resistentes a cefotaxima (91%) y/o a ceftazidima (28%). No se detectó resistencia a los carbapenemes. Veintiséis aislamientos fueron positivos para el gen blaCTX-M, agrupados como CTX-M-1/15 (54%), CTX-M-9/14 (25%), CTX-M-2 (17%) y CTX-M-1/15 más CTX-M-9/14 (4%). Cinco cepas resistentes a CTG dieron positivo para el gen blaCMY, mientras que un aislamiento presentó la BLEE TEM-19. Doce aislamientos se identificaron como clon hiperepidémico E. coli ST131 y uno como ST69. El análisis de las secuencias del genoma de siete aislamientos seleccionados de E. coli blaCTX-M-15 confirmó la circulación de los clones internacionales de alto riesgo ST131, ST617 y ST405 en la ciudad de Ushuaia.

Abstract Escherichia coli is one of the main human pathogens causing different hospital- and community-acquired infections. During the period from January 2013 to March 2015, 1.96% (32/1632) of E. coli isolates recovered at the Hospital Regional de Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego province, were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins (TGCs). These isolates were resistant to cefotaxime (91%) and/or ceftazidime (28%). No resistance to carbapenems was detected. Twenty-six isolates were positive for blaCTX-M gene, grouped as CTX-M-1/15 (54%); CTX-M-9/14 (25%); CTX-M-2 (17%); and CTX-M-1/15 plus CTX-M-9/14 (4%). Five TGC-resistant strains were positive for blaCMY gene, while one strain harbored TEM-19 ESBL. Twelve isolates were identified as ST131 E. coli hyperepidemic clone, and one as ST69. Genome sequence analysis of seven blaCTX-M-15 E. coli selected isolates confirm the circulation of ST131, ST617 and ST405 international high-risk clones in the city of Ushuaia.

Abstract Listeria monocytogenes is a food pathogen responsible for many foodborne disease outbreaks. Listeria innocua is similar to L. monocytogenes, could be considered biologically similar to L. monocytogenes and could be used to predict its behavior. The aims of this work were to isolate Listeria spp. in dairy processing plants, perform genotypic characterization of virulence, evaluate the antimicrobial resistance profile, and verify the sensitivity of the strains to essential oils. Sampling was held in six dairy processing plants in the region of Campinas, Brazil. Seventeen Listeria innocua strains were isolated, all negative for virulence genes inlA, inlB, inlC, inlJ, actA, plcA, and plcB. The strains were resistant to kanamycin (5.9%), penicillin (11.8%), ampicillin (11.8%), cefoxitin (58.8%), clindamycin (76.50%) and oxacillin (100%). The susceptibility of the strains to commercial essential oils (Rosemarinus officinalis, Cymbopogon citratus, Eucalyptus citirodora, Mentha piperita, Piper nigrum, Vetiveria zizanioides, Cymbopogon nardus, Cymbopogon martinii and Pogostemon cablin) was evaluated by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test. The results showed Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon martini, Cymbopogon nardus and Mentha piperita oils were most efficient. The resistance of Listeria innocua isolated in dairy processing plants is worrisome, and the use of essential oils could be an alternative for development of new drugs and products.

Abstract This study aims to analyze the mechanisms through which the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic impacts on well-being at work and on productivity. The secondary objective is to identify stress management strategies for the work environment during the pandemic. This is an integrative review. Phase 1 consisted of searches of open access electronic databases (MEDLINE, SciELO, Bireme, and LILACS) for papers published in 2020 addressing mental health, work, and pandemics. Phase 2 consisted of selecting literature recommended by specialists in occupational psychiatry and positive psychology. These materials were read and critically analyzed. Forty references were included in the literature review. The articles reviewed were classified into the following categories: articles concerning work relationships in Brazil; articles describing the impact of pandemics on mental health and work; articles focusing on the work of health professionals during pandemics; articles about well-being at work; and papers proposing strategies to improve well-being and productivity and to promote mental health. The COVID-19 pandemic can have a significant impact on workers’ mental health and productivity. Most professionals face a need to adapt to changes, which can decrease their feeling of well-being. Consequently, strategies to promote well-being and mental health in the work environment should be a priority. Work routines were modified after the COVID-19 pandemic set in and assessing these changes is essential to maintain workers’ mental health. By so doing, it is possible to promote general well-being and post-traumatic recovery and reduce stress levels.

Resumen (Introducción): Gmelina arborea se ha consolidado como la segunda especie más utilizada en la reforestación comercial en Costa Rica. (Objetivo): Evaluar el comportamiento de clones G. arborea en condiciones de suelo ácidos. (Metodología): Se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar, con 6 repeticiones, 29 clones y 5 testigos, con un distanciamiento de 4 x 4 m. Se realizó un análisis del suelo y se calcularon parámetros genéticos a diferentes edades, para las variables diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP), altura y volumen comercial, utilizando el software SELEGEN, el cual se basa en el método REML/BLUP; asimismo, se realizaron correlaciones genéticas entre las variables evaluadas. (Resultados): El análisis del suelo reflejó deficiencias nutricionales de elementos esenciales para el desarrollo de la melina, un pH menor a 5.5, altos contenidos de hierro (Fe) y saturación de aluminio (Al) elevado. Los mayores coeficientes de heredabilidad individual y media del clon se presentaron a la edad de 4.5 años, donde el DAP es el carácter que presentó mayores valores. Las mayores correlaciones genéticas se presentaron entre las variables DAP-volumen comercial a partir de los 3.5 años. Se evidenció que existen 10 clones que mejor se adaptaron a las condiciones del sitio, presentando mayores crecimientos en las variables dasométricas, con ganancias genéticas dentro del rango de 12.7 % y 28 %, comparadas con la media general del ensayo y el material utilizado como testigo. (Conclusiones): Se concluye que existe material genético de melina con potencial para adaptarse a condiciones de suelo ácidos.

Abstract (Introduction): Gmelina arborea has become the second most used species in commercial reforestation in Costa Rica. (Objective): To evaluate the behavior of G. arborea clones in acidic soil conditions. (Methodology): A randomized complete block experimental design was used, with 6 replications, 29 clones and 5 controls, with a distance of 4 x 4 m. A soil analysis was performed, and genetic parameters were calculated at different ages, for the variables diameter at breast height (DBH), height and commercial volume, using the SELEGEN software, which is based on the REML/BLUP method, and genetic correlations were made between the evaluated variables. (Results): Soil analysis showed nutritional deficiencies of essential elements for the development of melina, a pH lower than 5.5, high iron (Fe) contents and high aluminum (Al) saturation. The highest individual and mean heritability coefficients of the clone were obtained at the age of 4.5 years, where DBH presented the highest values. The highest genetic correlations were found between the DBH and commercial volume variables from 3.5 years onwards. Ten clones showed the best adaptation to the site conditions, presenting the highest values in dasometric variables, with genetic gains in the range of 12.7 % and 28 %, compared to the general mean of the test and the material used as control. (Conclusions): There is genetic material of melina with potential to adapt to acidic soil conditions.

Abstract Introduction: This study unfolds on inheritance rights the inheritance of post-transit biological parents in an adoption process. Since the right of inheritance is non-transferable and that the biological bond despite being suppressed with the adoption sentence, the exclusion of the right of inheritance to the biological father is relative. Objective: To show that the right of inheritance of biological parents in the case of children and adolescents who were adopted is possible and should be used as an analogy in relation to cases of multipaternity records, Method: The approach was qualitative, since the concepts of adoption were analyzed, as well as the affiliation and all this relationship of affective and biological affiliation, which will contribute to conclude on the theme. The research was bibliographic as well as documentary. Using as theoretical references Fábio Ulhoa Coelho, Melina Trajano Fechine, Pablo Stolze Gagliano e Rodolfo Pamplona Filho; with regard to documents, specific jurisprudential decisions were observed and studied and verifying the position that the Courts, whether or not they have been granting the right to inheritance, in the absence of double paternity registration. Results: We consider that this matter has not yet been regulated, and there is a need for jurisprudential changes according to the specific cases presented. Conclusion: Socio-affective paternity does not prevent the bond from being recognized, with its own legal effects. In this sense, the adopted child would be entitled to the inheritance (patrimony) left by the biological father, even if there is no record of multipaternity.

Resumen Introducción: Este estudio desarrolla sobre los derechos de herencia de los padres biológicos post-tránsito en un proceso de adopción. Ya que el derecho a la herencia es intransferible y que el vínculo biológico a pesar de ser suprimido con la sentencia de adopción, la exclusión del derecho de herencia al padre biológico es relative. Objetivos: Demostrar que el derecho a la herencia de los padres biológicos en el caso de niños y adolescentes que fueron adoptados es posible y debe utilizarse como analogía en los casos de registros multipaternidad, Método: el abordaje fue cualitativo, ya que se analizaron los conceptos de adopción, así como la afiliación y toda esta relación de afiliación afectiva y biológica, lo que contribuirá a concluir sobre el tema. La investigación fue tanto bibliográfica como documental. Utilizando como referencias teóricas a Fábio Ulhoa Coelho, Melina Trajano Fechine, Pablo Stolze Gagliano e Rodolfo Pamplona Filho; Con respecto a los documentos, se observaron y estudiaron decisiones jurisprudenciales específicas y se verificó la posición de los Tribunales, hayan o no otorgado el derecho a la herencia, ante la ausencia de doble registro de paternidad. Resultados: Consideramos que esta materia aún no ha sido reglamentada y existe la necesidad de cambios jurisprudenciales según los casos específicos presentados. Conclusión: La paternidad socio-afectiva no impide el reconocimiento del vínculo, con sus propios efectos legales. En este sentido, el hijo adoptado tendría derecho a la herencia (patrimonio) dejada por el padre biológico, aunque no exista constancia de multipaternidad.

Resumo Introdução: O presente estudo desdobra sobre os direitos sucessórios a herança de pais biológicos pós trânsito em julgado de processo de adoção. Uma vez que o direito de herança é intransferível e que o vínculo biológico apesar de ser suprimido com a sentença de adoção, a exclusão ao direito de herança ao pai biológico é relativo. Objetivo: Mostrar que o direito a herança de pais biológicos no caso de crianças e adolescentes que foram adotadas é possível e deve ser utilizado como analogia em relação aos casos dos registros de multipaternalidade, Métodos: A abordagem foi qualitativa, uma vez que foi analisado os conceitos da adoção, assim como a filiação e toda essa relação de filiação afetiva e biológica, o que contribuirá a concluir sobre a temática. A pesquisa foi bibliográfica bem como documental. Utilizando como referencias teóricas Fábio Ulhoa Coelho, Melina Trajano Fechine, Pablo Stolze Gagliano e Rodolfo Pamplona Filho; já no que diz respeito a documental, foram observadas e estudadas decisões jurisprudenciais específicas e verificando o posicionamento que os Tribunais, se vêm concedendo ou não o direito à herança quando ausente o registro da dupla paternidade. Resultados: Consideramos que este assunto ainda não foi regulamentado, existe a necessidade de mudanças jurisprudenciais conforme os casos concretos apresentados. Conclusão: A paternidade socioafetiva não impede que haja o reconhecimento do vínculo, com efeitos jurídicos próprios. Neste sentido, o filho adotivo teria direito à herança (patrimônio) deixado pelo pai biológico, mesmo não havendo o registro de multipaternalidade.

Resumen La Gmelina arborea es una de las especies de mayor importancia en proyectos de reforestación comercial en Costa Rica y actualmente, forma parte importante del programa de mejoramiento genético en Costa Rica liderado por GENFORES. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en determinar los parámetros genéticos de 54 clones de melina utilizados en un ensayo clonal en la región Caribe de Costa Rica. El ensayo se estableció con un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones por tratamiento, con un distanciamiento de 4 m x 3 m. Se calcularon parámetros genéticos a los 10, 22 y 34 meses, para las variables diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP), altura comercial, volumen comercial y calidad del fuste, utilizando el software SELEGEN, el cual se basa en el método REML/BLUP, además, se realizaron correlaciones genéticas entre las variables evaluadas. Los resultados muestran mayor heredabilidad individual en sentido amplio para las variables de volumen comercial y DAP, además, reflejan que la calidad del fuste a los 22 y 34 meses presenta los mayores coeficientes de heredabilidad individual y heredabilidad media del clon. Las correlaciones genéticas reflejan valores altos y positivos entre las variables DAP-volumen comercial y altura comercial-calidad del fuste, a los 34 meses de edad, con un 0.97 y 0.74, respectivamente. Los clones 17 y 34, mostraron ser los mejores en el ranking genético en términos de volumen comercial; el material de control y el clon 19, fueron los que se ubicaron en las últimas posiciones del ranking. Se obtuvo una ganancia genética a los 34 meses de edad de 6.11 % y 9.36 % en DAP y volumen comercial, respectivamente. Se concluye que existe variabilidad genética en los materiales genéticos utilizados, que permiten obtener ganancias genéticas importantes, sobre todo si se utilizan los primeros 10 clones del ranking genético de las accesiones evaluadas.

Resumo A Gmelina arborea é uma das espécies de maior importância em projetos de reflorestamento comercial na Costa Rica e, atualmente, forma parte importante do programa de melhoramento genético na Costa Rica liderado pela GENFORES. O objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em determinar os parâmetros genéticos de 54 clones de gamelina utilizados em um ensaio clonal na região do Caribe na Costa Rica. O ensaio foi estabelecido com um desenho de blocos completos aleatórios com quatro repetições por tratamento, com uma distância de 4 m x 3 m. Foram calculados parâmetros genéticos aos 10, 22 e 34 meses, para as variáveis diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP), altura comercial, volume comercial e qualidade do fuste, utilizando o software SELEGEN, que se baseia no método REML/BLUP, além disso, foram realizadas correlações genéticas entre as variáveis avaliadas. Os resultados apresentam maior herdabilidade individual no sentido amplo para as variáveis de volume comercial e DAP; também, mostram que a qualidade do fuste aos 22 e 34 meses apresenta os maiores coeficientes de herdabilidade individual e herdabilidade média do clone. As correlações genéticas mostram valores altos e positivos entre as variáveis DAP-volume comercial e altura comercial-qualidade do fuste, aos 34 meses de idade, com 0,97 e 0,74, respectivamente. Os clones 17 e 34, mostraram ser os melhores no ranking genético em termos de volume comercial; enquanto o material de controle e o clone 19 foram os que se localizaram nas últimas posições do ranking. Obteve-se um ganho genético aos 34 meses de idade de 6,11 % e 9,36 % em DAP e volume comercial, respectivamente. Conclui-se que existe variabilidade genética nos materiais genéticos utilizados, permitindo a obtenção de ganhos genéticos importantes, especialmente se forem utilizados os primeiros 10 clones do ranking genético dos acessos avaliados.

Abstract Gmelina arborea is one of the most important species in commercial reforestation projects in Costa Rica and is currently a significant part of the genetic improvement program led nationally by GENFORES. The objective of the present study is to determine the genetic parameters of 54 melina clones used in a clonal trial in the Caribbean region of Costa Rica. The trial was established in a randomized complete block design with four replications per treatment, with a distance of 4m x 3m. Genetic parameters were calculated at 10, 22, and 34 months, for the variables diameter at breast height (DBH), commercial height, commercial volume, and stem quality, using the SELEGEN REML/BLU software. Genetic correlations were also made between the evaluated variables. Results indicated greater individual heritability in the broad sense for the commercial volume and DBH variables. In addition, the quality of the stem at 22 and 34 months presents the highest coefficients of individual heritability and the average heritability of the clone. The genetic correlations reflect high and positive values between the DBH-commercial volume-commercial height-stem quality variables, at 34 months of age, with 0.97 and 0.74, respectively. Clones 17 and 34 showed to be the best in the genetic ranking in terms of commercial volume, while the material control and clone 19 were last in the ranking. A 6.11% and 9.36% genetic gain was obtained at 34 months of age in DBH and commercial volume, respectively. It is concluded that there is genetic variability in the materials used, which allows us to obtain significant genetic gain, especially if using the first 10 clones of the genetic ranking.

Resumen Introducción. La edad de selección temprana permite acelerar los programas de mejoramiento genético y optimizar la producción forestal, en este caso con melina (Gmelina arborea), la cual es la segunda especie forestal más importante para la reforestación comercial en Costa Rica. Objetivo. Determinar la edad óptima de selección de melina en Costa Rica, mediante la evaluación de cuatro caracteres genéticos. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se llevó a cabo en Siquirres y Pérez Zeledón, región Caribe y zona sur de Costa Rica, respectivamente. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones (sitios 1 y 3) y seis repeticiones (sitio 2) por tratamiento. El distanciamiento inicial fue de 4 m x 3 m para el ensayo del El Porvenir y de 4 m x 4 m para los ensayos de Siquirres y La Ceniza. Se calcularon parámetros genéticos a diferentes edades, para las variables diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP), altura comercial, volumen comercial y calidad del fuste, con el software SELEGEN, el cual se basa en el método REML/BLUP, además, se realizaron correlaciones genéticas entre las variables evaluadas. Resultados. El DAP y el volumen comercial fueron los caracteres con mayor control genético, presentaron los mayores valores promedio de heredabilidad individual y media clonal, entre los 2,8 y 4 años de edad. Las mayores correlaciones genéticas (>80 %), entre las variables DAP y volumen comercial, se presentaron a partir de los 2,8 años de edad, que aumentan en edades posteriores hasta alcanzar valores mayores a 90 %. Conclusión. Pudo determinarse el rango entre los 2,8 y 4 años, como posible edad de selección genética para melina.

Abstract Introduction. The early selection age allows to accelerate genetic improvement programs and optimize forest production, in this case with melina (Gmelina arborea), which is the second most important forest species for commercial reforestation in Costa Rica. Objective. To determine the optimal selection age of melina in Costa Rica, by evaluating four genetic characters. Materials and methods. The study was carried out in Siquirres and Pérez Zeledón, the Caribbean region and the southern zone of Costa Rica, respectively. A randomized complete block design was used with four replicates (Sites 1 and 3) and six replicates (Site 2) per treatment. The initial spacing was 4 m x 3 m for the El Porvenir trial and 4 m x 4 m for the Siquirres and La Ceniza trials. Genetic parameters were calculated at different ages, for the variables diameter at breast height (DBH), commercial height, commercial volume, and shaft quality, with the SELEGEN software, which is based on the REML / BLUP method, in addition, genetic correlations were made between the evaluated variables. Results. The DBH and the commercial volume were the characters with the greatest genetic control, they presented the highest mean values of individual heritability and clonal mean, between 2.8 and 4 years of age. The highest genetic correlations (> 80%), between the DAP and commercial volume variables, occurred from 2.8 years of age, which increased in later ages until reaching values greater than 90 %. Conclusion. The range between 2.8 and 4 years could be determined as a possible age of genetic selection for melina.

RESUMO: O texto analisa os movimentos institucionais que caracterizam a política de inclusão escolar em Santa Maria, no Rio Grande do Sul. O pensamento sistêmico e o ciclo de políticas constituem o referencial teórico que auxiliou na análise dos dados de matrículas, documentos normativos, produções acadêmicas e entrevistas. A pesquisa permitiu-nos identificar a ampliação do acesso e permanência de alunos com deficiência e serviços que favorecem a sua escolarização em classes comuns - indícios de uma prática centrada no ensino colaborativo com vistas ao acesso ao currículo.

ABSTRACT: This text analyzes the institutional movements that characterize the politic of scholar inclusion in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The systemic thinking and the policy cycle constitute the theoretical framework that helped us to examine school enrollment, normative documents, academic production and interviews. The research allowed us to identify not only the expansion of the access and permanence of students with disabilities, but also the services that favor their schooling in common classes - an indication of a practice centered on collaborative teaching regarding the access to the curriculum.

Resumo Este artigo discute a hipótese de que o imposto sobre circulação de mercadorias e serviços de comunicações (ICMS) se tornou obsoleto, perdendo cada vez mais espaço no sistema tributário brasileiro e, com isso, também aprofundando a crise dos governos estaduais nessa federação. Apesar de ainda ser o imposto que individualmente mais arrecada no país, pesa relativamente cada vez menos na carga tributária global, fora as consequências negativas para equidade social e competitividade das empresas. Mudanças legislativas recentes se voltaram apenas para o passado, de modo a convalidar benefícios da guerra fiscal, mas em nada ajustaram o tributo para o futuro da era digital. Na nova e futura era, em que mercadorias certamente perderão importância para serviços e direitos de imagem, o ICMS se tornará ainda mais ultrapassado e os estados podem serem ainda menos relevantes na federação. Esse cenário não mudará sem a substituição do ICMS por um imposto sobre valor adicionado. Ainda assim, é muito provável que seja preciso reinventar todo o sistema tributário, brasileiro e mundial, para corresponder aos desafios impostos pela nova economia e sociedade.

Abstract This article argues that the tax on goods and communications (ICMS) has become obsolete, losing more and more space in the Brazilian tax system and with that also deepening the crisis of the state governments in this federation. Although it is still the most important tax of the country in terms of collection, it weighs relatively less and less on the global tax burden, as well as cause damages to social equity and company competitiveness. Recent legislative changes have turned only to the past, in order to validate benefits of the fiscal war, but no efforts were made to adjust the tax for the future of the digital age. In a new era in which goods will be inevitably loosing relevance, the ICMS will become even more obsolete and the states even less relevant in the federation. This scenario will not change unless replaced by a value-added tax, and yet it may be necessary to reinvent all tax system to correspond to the new economy and society.

Objective: Many studies correlate characteristics of family functioning and the development of drug addiction. This study sought to evaluate and compare the family environment styles of two groups of psychoactive substance users: 1) alcohol-only users and 2) crack-cocaine users. Methods: Three hundred and sixty-four users of alcohol, crack-cocaine, and other drugs, recruited from research centers in four Brazilian capitals participated in this study. Subjects were evaluated through the Family Environment Scale and the Addiction Severity Index, 6th version (ASI-6). ASI-6 t-scores were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc tests. A final model was obtained using a logistic regression analysis. All analyses were adjusted for partner, age, and psychiatric t-score. Results: We found a significant difference between groups in the cohesion subscale (p = 0.044). The post-hoc test revealed a difference of 1.06 points (95%CI 0.11-2.01) between groups 1 (6.45±0.28) and 2 (5.38±0.20). No significant between-group differences were observed in the other subscales. However, categorical analyses of variables regarding family dynamic showed that crack users more often reported that sometimes people in their family hit each other (30.4% vs. 13.2%, p = 0.007) and that people in their family frequently compared each other regarding work and/or school achievement (57.2% vs. 42.6%, p = 0.041). Conclusion: These results suggest that families of crack-cocaine users are less cohesive than families of alcohol users. This type of family environment may affect treatment outcome, and should thus be adequately approached.

Abstract The study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the influence of pre-slaughter stress on meat quality of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) for 10 days of storage in ice. 75 whole fish were used eviscerated, with average weight and length of 825.75 ± 101.59 g and 28.25 ± 0.81 cm, respectively. The treatments consisted of time in which the animals underwent pre-slaughter hypoxia, being 0, 3 and 6 minutes. Rigor mortis and muscle pH were assessed besides the application of the Quality Index Method and analysis of total protein and blood glucose. Rigor mortis did not differ among treatments during the storage period, and after three hours all animals were in rigor stage. The muscle pH values varied widely during the study period, observing higher values on the third day of storage. Sensory analysis showed that after 10 days the tilapia from the different treatments did not differ in the evaluated quality parameters similarly, there was no difference regarding the evaluated blood biochemical parameters Thus, hypoxia of 6 minutes pre-slaughter does not influence the rigor mortis, muscle pH, qualitative perception of the meat quality, total protein and blood glucose of Nile tilapia.

El propósito del presente estudio es analizar las estrategias para afrontar el divorcio o separación, empleadas por las personas que pertenecen al Ejército Nacional y la Armada Nacional de Colombia, o porquienes han sido sus esposas o esposos. Participaron 124 personas, hombres y mujeres, militares y civiles entre los 20 y 60 años, que cumplieron con los criterios seleccionados para la muestra, como estar divorciados por un periodo mayor de seis meses y menor de tres años, con mínimo un hijo. Estas estrategias se evaluaron con el inventario de respuestas de Afrontamiento (CRI-A) para población Adulta de Moos (1993), traducido y adaptado por Isabel Mikulic y Melina Crespi, 1998. Los resultados muestran el predominio del empleo de estrategias de afrontamiento en función a la adaptación de las personas y su proceso de estrés en su vida cotidiana.

O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas em situação de divórcio ou separação, empregadas por membros do Exército Nacional e da Marinha Nacional da Colômbia, ou por aqueles que hajam sido seus cônjuges. Participaram124 pessoas, homens e mulheres, militares e civis, com idades entre 20 e 60 anos, que atenderam aos requisitos de seleção da amostra, como estarem divorciados por um período maior que 6 meses e menos que 3 anos, com no mínimo um filho. As estratégias de enfrentamento foram avaliadas com o inventário de respostas de enfrentamento (CRI-A) para população adulta de Moos, 1993, traduzido e adaptado por Isabel Mikulic e Melina Crespi, 1998. Os resultados mostram a predominância do emprego de estratégias de enfrentamento em relação à adaptação das pessoas e ao processo de estresse que as mesmas enfrentam em suas vidas diárias.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the coping strategies used by people from the Army and National forces of Colombia or their ex-spouses, during their divorce or separation process. Participants were 124 men and women, militaries and civilians between the ages of 20 and 60 years, who achieved the criteria selected for the sample such as, being divorced for a period longer than six months and less than three years and also, with at least one child. Coping strategies were assessed with the inventory of coping responses (CRI-A) for adults, designed by Moos in 1993, translated and adapted by Isabel Mikulic and Melina Crespi in 1998. Results show the predominance of the use of coping strategies according to the people's adaptation and the stress process that they face in their daily lives.

Le objectif de cette étude est d'analyser les stratégies de confrontation utilisés contre divorce ou de séparation, employées par des personnes qui appartenir aux forces de l'Armée et des Forces Militaires de la Colombie, ou ceux qui ont été leurs épouses ou maris. L'étude a impliqué 124 personnes, hommes et femmes, militaires et civils entre les âges de 20 et 60 ans, qui ont accompli les critères sélectionner pour l'prélèvements comme étant divorcé pour une période de plus de six mois et moins de trois ans, avec au moins un enfant. Les stratégies d'affrontement ont été évalués à l'inventaire de confronter les réponses (CRI-A) pour les adultes faites par Moos en 1993, traduit et adapté par Isabel Mikulic et Melina Crespi en 1998. Les résultats montrent la prédominance de la utilisation des stratégies de confrontation, avec la finalité de l'adaptation du peuple et le processus de stress auxquels ils sont confrontés dans leur vie quotidienne.

OBJETIVO: Comparar os achados nasoendoscópicos relacionados ao gapvelofaríngeo entre pacientes com fissura labiopalatina operados do palato pela técnica de Furlow (F) e aqueles operados pela de Von Langenbeck (vL) que permaneceram com insuficiência velofaríngea (IVF).MÉTODOS: Os dados analisados foram coletados do banco de gravações de exames de nasoendoscopia da instituição. A amostra foi constituída por 70 gravações de nasoendoscopia obtidas de 22 pacientes operados do palato pela técnica de F e de 48 pela de vL, que permaneceram com IVF e que foram submetidos à nasoendoscopia para definição de conduta para correção da IVF, entre as idades de 5e 15 anos (média: 8 anos). As imagens foram editadas em sequência aleatória em um DVD e julgadas por três fonoaudiólogas experientes quanto ao movimento e deslocamento do véu palatino; ao movimento e descolamento das paredes laterais da faringe; ao movimento e deslocamento da parede posterior da faringe; à ocorrência da prega de Passavant e ao tamanho e tipo do gapvelofaríngeo.RESULTADOS: Os resultados quanto à comparação das medidas entre as técnicas cirúrgicas (F versusvL) não foram estatisticamente significantes.CONCLUSÃO: A técnica cirúrgica utilizada na palatoplastia primária não foi relevante para determinar diferença no tamanho do gapvelofaríngeo para os pacientes que permaneceram com IVF.

PURPOSE: To compare the nasoendoscopic findings related to the velopharyngeal gap among patients with cleft palate who underwent the Furlow (F) technique and those who underwent the von Langenbeck (vL) technique for primary palatal surgery, who remained with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI).METHODS: The analyzed data were retrieved from the institution's data of recordings of nasoendoscopic exams. The sample comprised 70 recorded nasoendoscopic exams obtained from 22 patients who underwent the F technique and from 48 who underwent the vL technique during primary palatoplasty, who remained with VPI after surgery and were submitted to nasoendoscopy, between the ages of 5 and 15 years (mean age: 8 years), for definition of the best treatment for VPI. The images were edited into a DVD in a randomized sequence to be assessed by three experienced speech language pathologists regarding displacement and excursion of the soft palate; displacement and excursion of lateral pharyngeal's walls; displacement and excursion of the posterior pharyngeal's wall; and presence of the Passavant ridge and size and type of velopharyngeal gap.RESULTS: The results of the comparison of measurements between F and vL groups were not statistically significant.CONCLUSION: The surgical technique used in primary palatoplasty was not relevant to determine the difference in the size of the velopharyngeal gap for patients who maintained VPI.

Physalis peruviana (Solanaceae) es una planta de gran valor nutricional y económico que es de reciente incorporación al cultivo de pequeñas frutas en Brasil. Por tanto, los informes sobre plagas que la atacan son escasos. El objetivo fue registrar el ataque y lesiones de un ácaro fitófago potencial plaga de P. peruviana en la región Sureste de Brasil. La especie fue identificada como Tetranychus ludeni (Acari: Tetranychidae). T. ludeni causó lesiones en P. peruviana, clorosis en las hojas más viejas de las plantas y muerte de las mismas, con una notoria pérdida foliar. Estas lesiones implican reducción del área fotosintética y, posiblemente, disminución del crecimiento vegetativo y de la producción de frutos.

Physalis peruviana (Solanaceae) is a plant of great nutritional and economic value that has being recently incorporated into the crop of small fruits in Brazil. Reports of pests attacking P. peruviana in Brazil are scarce. The objective was to report the attack and injuries of a phytophagous mite, potential pest of P. peruviana in the Southeast region of Brazil. The species was identified as Tetranychus ludeni (Acari: Tetranychidae). Injuries caused by T. ludeni mites produced chlorosis on P. peruviana older leaves and death of these, with an expressive leaves lost. These injuries cause a reduction of photosynthetic area and might affect vegetative growth and fruit production.