Abstract Purpose Several bedside clinical tests have been proposed to predict difficult tracheal intubation. Unfortunately, when used alone, these tests show less than ideal prediction performance. Some multivariate tests have been proposed considering that the combination of some criteria could lead to better prediction performance. The goal of our research was to compare three previously described multivariate models in a group of adult patients undergoing general anesthesia. Methods This study included 220 patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia. A standardized airway evaluation which included modified Mallampati class (MM), thyromental distance (TMD), mouth opening distance (MOD), head and neck movement (HNM), and jaw protrusion capacity was performed before anesthesia. Multivariate models described by El-Ganzouri et al., Naguib et al., and Langeron et al. were calculated using the airway data. After anesthesia induction, an anesthesiologist performed the laryngoscopic classification and tracheal intubation. The sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the models were calculated. Results The overall incidence of difficult laryngoscopic view (DLV) was 12.7%. The area under curve (AUC) for the Langeron, Naguib, and El-Ganzouri models were 0.834, 0.805, and 0.752, respectively, (Langeron > El-Ganzouri, p= 0.004; Langeron = Naguib, p= 0.278; Naguib = El-Ganzouri, p= 0.101). The sensitivities were 85.7%, 67.9%, and 35.7% for the Langeron, Naguib, and El-Ganzouri models, respectively. Conclusion The Langeron model had higher overall prediction performance than that of the El-Ganzouri model. Additionally, the Langeron score had higher sensitivity than the Naguib and El-Ganzouri scores, and therefore yielded a lower incidence of false negatives. intubation Unfortunately alone 22 MM, MM , (MM) TMD, TMD (TMD) MOD, MOD (MOD) HNM, HNM (HNM) ElGanzouri El Ganzouri al data induction specificity ROC (ROC DLV (DLV 127 12 7 12.7% AUC (AUC 0834 0 834 0.834 0805 805 0.805 0752 752 0.752 respectively ElGanzouri, Ganzouri, p 0.004 0004 004 0.278 0278 278 0.101. 0101 0.101 . 101 0.101) 857 85 85.7% 679 67 9 67.9% 357 35 35.7 Additionally scores negatives 2 (MM (TMD (MOD (HNM 1 12.7 083 83 0.83 080 80 0.80 075 75 0.75 0.00 000 00 0.27 027 27 010 0.10 10 8 85.7 6 67.9 3 35. 12. 08 0.8 07 0.7 0.0 0.2 02 01 0.1 85. 67. 0.

RESUMO A elevada susceptibilidade da soja ao mofo-branco tem impactado negativamente a sua produtividade. Atualmente métodos de controle biológico como o uso de Trichoderma spp. têm proporcionado alternativas ao controle químico, com menor impacto ambiental e favorecimento do desenvolvimento vegetal. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de T. harzianum sobre a emergência de sementes de soja inoculadas com Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; além de verificar a interação entre os fungos e com a soja, por meio da microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Sementes de soja foram submetidas aos tratamentos: 1. Sem S. sclerotiorum, em BDA+Manitol; 2. Com S. sclerotiorum, em BDA+Manitol; 3. Com Ecotrich®WP e sem S. sclerotiorum, em BDA+Manitol; 4. Com S. sclerotiorum e Ecotrich® WP, em BDA+Manitol. O teste de emergência foi conduzido em bandejas com areia esterilizada a 25 ºC por 8 dias. Após isto foram seccionados órgãos vegetativos das plântulas emergidas para avaliar, por meio da Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), o potencial de T. harzianum em parasitar e inibir S. sclerotiorum. De fato, o mofo-branco é capaz de colonizar e deteriorar todas as sementes de soja. T. harzianum mostra-se efetivo em colonizar o sistema radicular da soja, porém não contribui para a emergência quando comparada com a testemunha. A análise ultraestrutural permitiu evidenciar o micoparasitismo de T. harzianum a S. sclerotiorum, porém o controle do agente causal do mofo-branco não foi efetivo quanto se mostrou em outros estudos.

ABSTRACT The high susceptibility of soybean to white mold has negatively impacted its productivity. Currently, biological control methods, such as the use of Trichoderma spp., have provided alternatives to chemical control, as they promote less environmental impact and favor the plant growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of T. harzianum on the emergence of soybean seeds inoculated with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, besides identifying the interaction between fungi and soybeans by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Soybean seeds were subjected to the following treatments: 1. Without S. sclerotiorum, in PDA+Mannitol; 2. With S. sclerotiorum, in PDA+Mannitol; 3. With Ecotrich®WP and without S. sclerotiorum, in PDA+Mannitol; 4. With S. sclerotiorum and Ecotrich® WP, in PDA+Mannitol. The emergence test was conducted on trays with sterile sand at 25 °C for 8 days. Then, the vegetative organs of emerged seedlings were sectioned to evaluate, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), T. harzianum potential to parasitize and inhibit S. sclerotiorum. In fact, the white mold is capable of colonizing and deteriorating all soybean seeds. T. harzianum is effective in colonizing the root system of soybeans but does not contribute to emergence, compared to control. Based on the ultrastructural analysis, mycoparasitism of T. harzianum and S. Sclerotiorum was evidenced, but the control of the causal agent of white mold was not as effective as shown in other studies.

This study evaluated the pH, calcium ion release and antimicrobial activity of EndoBinder (EB), containing different radiopacifiers: bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), zinc oxide (ZnO) or zirconium oxide (ZrO2), in comparison to MTA. For pH and calcium ion release tests, 5 specimens per group (n = 5) were immersed into 10 mL of distilled and deionized water at 37°C. After 2, 4, 12, 24, 48 h; 7, 14 and 28 days, the pH was measured and calcium ion release quantified in an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. For antimicrobial activity, the cements were tested against S. aureus, E. coli, E. faecalis and C. albicans, in triplicate. MTA presented higher values for pH and calcium ion release than the other groups, however, with no statistically significant difference after 28 days (p > 0.05); and the largest inhibition halos for all strains, with no significant difference (E. coli and E. faecalis) for pure EB and EB + Bi2O3 (p > 0.05). EB presented similar performance to that of MTA as regards pH and calcium ion release; however, when ZnO and ZrO2 were used, EB did not present antimicrobial activity against some strains.

Muitos dos conceitos existentes na neurociência moderna possuem suas origens nas especulações elaboradas pelos antigos filósofos e médicos gregos. Questões centrais sobre a fonte dos pensamentos humanos, o mecanismo da atividade cognitiva, e a natureza das emoções, percepção e movimento voluntário, por exemplo, foram levantadas pelos pensadores gregos. É a partir desta civilização que surgem as observações mais sistemáticas sobre a estrutura e o funcionamento do corpo, da mente e a relação entre estas duas entidades. Assim, o presente trabalho pretende observar as principais tentativas iniciais gregas em vincular estruturas do corpo (tais como o cérebro ou o coração) e atividades mentais, ao longo das diversas especulações gregas sobre a natureza, a filosofia, a psicologia e a medicina.

Many of the existing concepts in modern neuroscience have their origins in the speculations made by ancient Greek philosophers and physicians. Core questions about the source of human thought, the mechanism of cognitive activity as well as the nature of emotions, perceptions and voluntary movements, for example, were raised by Greek thinkers. It is from this civilization that arise more systematic observations on the structure and functioning of body, mind and relationship between these two entities. The present paper intends to adhere to the first Greek attempts to link structures of the body (such as the brain or the heart) and mental activities regarding various Greek speculations about the nature, philosophy, psychology and medicine.

A costa do Estado de São Paulo (SP) (23º18'S, 44º42'O; 25º14'S, 48º01'O) apresenta aproximadamente 600 km de extensão voltada para o Oceano Atlântico Ocidental no sudeste do Brasil. Registros de encalhes e de avistamentos de cetáceos vêm sendo realizados ao longo desse litoral. Desde 1993, dados obtidos em literatura científica, material osteológico encontrado em museus, fotografias e artigos de arquivos de jornais, universidades e aquários foram organizados e atualizados. Investigações efetuadas em campo referentes a encalhes e avistamentos de cetáceos também foram conduzidas. Um total de 29 espécies de cetáceos foi registrado, incluindo 7 misticetos e 22 odontocetos, como indicados a seguir: Balaenoptera physalus, B. borealis, B. edeni, B. acutorostrata, B. bonaerensis, Megaptera novaeangliae, Eubalaena australis, Physeter macrocephalus, Kogia breviceps, K. sima, Berardius arnuxii, Mesoplodon europaeus, M. mirus, Ziphius cavirostris, Orcinus orca, Feresa attenuata, Globicephala melas, G. macrorhynchus, Pseudorca crassidens, Delphinus capensis, Lagenodelphis hosei, Steno bredanensis, Tursiops truncatus, Stenella frontalis, S. longirostris, S. coeruleoalba, Lissodelphis peronii, Sotalia guianensis e Pontoporia blainvillei. Algumas espécies foram observadas apenas em uma ocasião e incluem tanto vagantes de suas áreas comuns de distribuição, assim como de conhecidas áreas de distribuições preferenciais oceânicas. Outras, como P. blainvillei e S. guianensis, são comumente encontradas em águas rasas o ano todo. Z. cavirostris, P. crassidens e L. hosei são listados pela primeira vez para a costa de SP.

The São Paulo state (SP) coast (23º18'S, 44º42'W; 25º14'S, 48º01'W) is of approximately 600 km in length, bordering the Western Atlantic Ocean, in southeastern Brazil. Cetacean sightings and strandings have long been observed throughout this area. Scattered data from scientific publications, skeletal remains in museums, photographs and articles from newspaper files, universities and aquaria have been organised and updated since 1993. Field investigations on strandings and sightings have also been conducted. A total of 29 cetacean species have been recorded, including 7 baleen whales (Mysticeti) and 22 toothed whales (Odontoceti), as follows: Balaenoptera physalus, B. borealis, B. edeni, B. acutorostrata, B. bonaerensis, Megaptera novaeangliae, Eubalaena australis, Physeter macrocephalus, Kogia breviceps, K. sima, Berardius arnuxii, Mesoplodon europaeus, M. mirus, Ziphius cavirostris, Orcinus orca, Feresa attenuata, Globicephala melas, G. macrorhynchus, Pseudorca crassidens, Delphinus capensis, Lagenodelphis hosei, Steno bredanensis, Tursiops truncatus, Stenella frontalis, S. longirostris, S. coeruleoalba, Lissodelphis peronii, Sotalia guianensis and Pontoporia blainvillei. Several species have been observed only once and include strays from their areas of common distribution, as well as species with known preferences for offshore distribution. Others, such as P. blainvillei and S. guianensis, are common coastal dwellers year-round. Z. cavirostris, P. crassidens and L. hosei are reported for the first time on the SP coast.