ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Dynapenia is a risk factor of mortality. Therefore, the development of low-cost and easy-to-apply tools is essential to optimize the health surveillance actions of older people. OBJECTIVES: To compare the time spent on habitual physical activity (HPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) among dynapenic and non-dynapenic older adults and ascertain the predictive ability of these behaviors on outcome. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional population epidemiological survey was conducted involving 208 older adults. METHODS: HPA and SB were quantified using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and dynapenia was identified by handgrip strength (women: 18.37 kgf; men: 26.75 kgf). RESULTS: The prevalence was 24.50%. In both sexes, dynapenic individuals reported a HPA median time of 70.00 minutes/week (min/wk), while non-dynapenic women and men reported HPA median times of 240.00 and 280.00 min/wk, respectively (P < 0.05). For SB among dynapenic individuals, a median of 388.75 min/day was observed in women and 428.57 min/d in men. In contrast, non-dynapenic women and men had 291.42 and 274.28 min/day in SB (P < 0.05), respectively. The best cutoff HPA to discriminate the outcome was 150.00 min/wk in women (sensitivity: 73.30%; specificity: 60.67%) and 140.00 min/wk in men (sensitivity, 71.43%; specificity, 61.54%). The best cutoff SB was 381.43 min/day in women (sensitivity, 53.30%; specificity, 84.80%) and 351.43 min/day in men (sensitivity, 71.43%; specificity, 73.85%). CONCLUSION: Older individuals with dynapenia spent less time on HPA and more time in SB. Furthermore, HPA was found to be a better discriminator of dynapenic individuals, and SB better discriminated non-dynapenic individuals. BACKGROUND mortality Therefore lowcost low cost easytoapply easy apply people OBJECTIVES (HPA (SB nondynapenic non SETTING crosssectional cross sectional 20 METHODS Questionnaire (women 1837 18 37 18.3 kgf 2675 26 75 26.7 kgf. . kgf) RESULTS 2450 24 50 24.50% sexes 7000 70 00 70.0 minutesweek minutes week minwk , min wk (min/wk) 24000 240 240.0 28000 280 280.0 P 0.05. 005 0.05 0 05 0.05) 38875 388 388.7 minday day 42857 428 57 428.5 mind d contrast 29142 291 42 291.4 27428 274 28 274.2 0.05, 15000 150 150.0 sensitivity (sensitivity 73.30% 7330 73 30 specificity 60.67% 6067 60 67 14000 140 140.0 sensitivity, 71.43% 7143 71 43 61.54%. 6154 61.54% 61 54 61.54%) 38143 381 381.4 53.30% 5330 53 84.80% 8480 84 80 35143 351 351.4 73.85%. 7385 73.85% 85 73.85%) CONCLUSION Furthermore 2 183 1 3 18. 267 7 26. 245 5 24.50 700 70. (min/wk 2400 240. 2800 280. 0.0 3887 38 388. 4285 428. 2914 29 4 291. 2742 27 274. 1500 15 150. 73.30 733 60.67 606 6 1400 14 140. 71.43 714 615 61.54 3814 381. 53.30 533 84.80 848 8 3514 35 351. 738 73.85 24.5 0. 73.3 60.6 71.4 61.5 53.3 84.8 73.8 24. 73. 60. 71. 61. 53. 84.

Resumo Introdução: Como consequência do envelhecimento, a pessoa idosa tornase mais propícia ao acometimento da dinapenia, o que aumenta o risco de mortalidade. Torna-se imprescindível, portanto, a proposição de ferramentas de baixo custo para o rastreio de tal desfecho. Objetivo: Analisar a capacidade preditiva de indicadores antropométricos para o rastreio da dinapenia em pessoas idosas. Métodos: Pesquisa epidemiológica censitária e transversal, conduzida com 196 pessoas idosas. Os preditores elencados foram: índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência do braço (CB), circunferência da panturrilha (CP), circunferência muscular do braço e área muscular do braço corrigida. Nas análises foram utilizados os testes t de Student ou U de Mann-Whitney (comparações) e a curva receiver operating characteristic (capacidade preditiva). Em todas as análises foi adotado um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A prevalência de dinapenia foi na ordem de 26,60% nos homens e de 24,80% nas mulheres. Observouse que as pessoas idosas com dinapenia apresentaram menores valores nos indicadores antropométricos quando comparadas às sem dinapenia (p < 0,05). No sexo masculino, o indicador mais sensível à dinapenia foi o IMC (71,43%), enquanto o mais específico foi a CB (93,10%). Entre as mulheres, o indicador mais sensível à dinapenia foi a CP (76,92%) e o mais específico foi a CB (77,27%). Conclusão: Verificouse que o IMC e a CP demonstraram, respectivamente, melhor capacidade para o rastreio dos homens e das mulheres com dinapenia. Ademais, a CB foi o indicador que melhor identificou as pessoas idosas, de ambos os sexos, sem o desfecho. Introdução envelhecimento mortalidade Tornase Torna se imprescindível portanto desfecho Objetivo Métodos transversal 19 IMC, , (IMC) CB, (CB) CP, (CP) corrigida MannWhitney Mann Whitney comparações (comparações preditiva. . preditiva) 5 5% Resultados 2660 26 60 26,60 2480 24 80 24,80 p 0,05. 005 0,05 0 05 0,05) masculino 71,43%, 7143 71,43% 71 43 (71,43%) 93,10%. 9310 93,10% 93 10 (93,10%) 76,92% 7692 76 92 (76,92% 77,27%. 7727 77,27% 77 27 (77,27%) Conclusão demonstraram respectivamente Ademais sexos 1 (IMC (CB (CP 266 2 6 26,6 248 8 24,8 00 0,0 714 71,43 7 4 (71,43% 931 93,10 9 (93,10% 76,92 769 (76,92 772 77,27 (77,27% 26, 24, 0, 71,4 (71,43 93,1 (93,10 76,9 (76,9 77,2 (77,27 71, (71,4 93, (93,1 76, (76, 77, (77,2 (71, (93, (76 (77, (71 (93 (7 (77 (9 (

Abstract Introduction: Due to aging, older people become more prone to dynapenia, which increases the risk of mortality. It is therefore essential to propose low-cost tools to screen for this outcome. Objective: To analyze the predictive ability of anthropometric indicators for screening dynapenia in older people. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional census epidemiological study of 196 older people. The predictors listed were: body mass in-dex (BMI), arm circumference (AC), calf circumference (CC), arm muscle circumference and corrected arm muscle area. Student's t or Mann-Whitney U tests (comparisons) and the receiver operating characteristic curves (predictive ability) were used in the analyses. A significance level of 5% was adopted for all analyses. Results: The prevalence of dynapenia was 26.60% in older men and 24.80% in older women. It was also observed that older people with dynapenia had lower values for anthropometric indicators compared to those without dynapenia (p < 0.05). In older men, the indicator most sensitive to dynapenia was BMI (71.43%), while the most specific was AC (93.10%). Among older women, the indicator most sensitive to dynapenia was CC (76.92%) and the most specific was AC (77.27%). Conclusion: BMI and CC were found to be better at screening older men and older women for dynapenia, respectively. In addition, AC was the indicator that best identified older people of both sexes without the outcome. Introduction aging mortality lowcost low cost outcome Objective Methods crosssectional cross sectional 19 index dex BMI, , (BMI) AC, (AC) CC, (CC) area Students Student s MannWhitney Mann Whitney comparisons (comparisons analyses 5 Results 2660 26 60 26.60 2480 24 80 24.80 p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) 71.43%, 7143 71.43% 71 43 (71.43%) 93.10%. 9310 93.10% 93 10 (93.10%) 76.92% 7692 76 92 (76.92% 77.27%. 7727 77.27% 77 27 (77.27%) Conclusion respectively addition 1 (BMI (AC (CC 266 2 6 26.6 248 8 24.8 00 0.0 714 71.43 7 4 (71.43% 931 93.10 9 (93.10% 76.92 769 (76.92 772 77.27 (77.27% 26. 24. 0. 71.4 (71.43 93.1 (93.10 76.9 (76.9 77.2 (77.27 71. (71.4 93. (93.1 76. (76. 77. (77.2 (71. (93. (76 (77. (71 (93 (7 (77 (9 (

Abstract Background During aging, physiological and behavioral changes occur that lead to the development of diabesity (diabetes + obesity). Hence, the hypothesis that behavioral and health aspects can increase the probability of this outcome is plausible. In this framework, it is essential to carry out health surveys to investigate the factors that increase the probability of diabesity, as this information could be used to help monitor this outcome in the older population more accurately. Objective To verify the factors associated with diabesity in older adults. Methods This is an epidemiological survey, with a cross-sectional design, conducted with 211 older adults (58.80% women) from Aiquara, Bahia, Brazil. To assess the outcome, body mass index (BMI > 27 kg/m2) and the concomitant presence of diabetes mellitus were used. In the inferential analyses, crude models and, subsequently, a multiple hierarchical explanatory model were constructed (level 1: socioeconomic variables; level 2: behavioral aspects; level 3: health conditions). This was performed using Poisson regression, with a robust estimator, calculations of prevalence ratios (PR) and their relevant 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results The prevalence of diabesity observed was around 9.50%. Furthermore, older adults who were insufficiently active (RP: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.20 to 6.36), those with arterial hypertension (PR: 5.32; 95% CI: 1.10 to 25.73), and those with hypercholesterolemia (PR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.08 to 7.23) were more likely to have this outcome. Conclusion In the older population of Aiquara, Bahia, Brazil, the factors associated with diabesity were insufficient level of physical activity (PA), arterial hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. aging obesity. obesity . obesity) Hence plausible framework accurately survey crosssectional cross sectional design 21 58.80% 5880 58 80 (58.80 women Aiquara Bahia Brazil BMI 2 kg/m2 kgm2 kgm kg m2 m analyses subsequently 1 variables 3 conditions. conditions conditions) regression estimator PR (PR 95 CI. CI (CI) 950 9 50 9.50% Furthermore RP (RP 2.55 255 55 120 20 1.2 6.36, 636 6.36 , 6 36 6.36) 5.32 532 5 32 110 10 1.1 25.73, 2573 25.73 25 73 25.73) 2.80 280 108 08 1.0 7.23 723 7 23 PA, PA (PA) 58.80 588 8 (58.8 kg/m (CI 9.50 2.5 12 1. 63 6.3 5.3 53 11 257 25.7 2.8 28 0 7.2 72 (PA 58.8 (58. 9.5 2. 6. 5. 25. 7. 58. (58 9. (5 (

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with suspected common mental disorders (CMD) in older adults in a small municipality in Northeastern Brazil. Methods Population epidemiological cross-sectional study carried out with older adults from the urban area of Aiquara, BA. Sociodemographic information, lifestyle and health conditions were collected in interviews, using a specific instrument. The level of physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Respondents who dismissed time < 150 min/wk in physical activity were considered insufficiently active. The identification of suspected CMD was performed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire, with a cut-off point of seven or more positive responses. For inferential analyses, Pearson’s chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used, and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) (p ≤ 0.05). Results A total of 232 older adults (58.6% women), with a mean age of 71.6 ± 7.5 years participated in the study and 32.6% exhibited suspected CMD. In the final regression model, it was observed that women were associated with suspected CMD (PR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.27-4.88); older adults with self-perceived poor health (PR: 2.73; 95%CI: 1.46-5.10); the older adults who reported experiencing sleep disorders (PR: 3.12; 95%CI: 1.56-6.21) and those who were insufficiently active (PR: 2.30; 95%CI: 1.20-4.41). Conclusion In Aiquara, BA, a high prevalence of suspected common mental disorders was identified, especially in women, in patients evaluated with negative self-perceived health, among those who reported having sleep disorders and in insufficiently active participants. (CMD Brazil crosssectional cross sectional Aiquara BA information interviews instrument Questionnaire 15 minwk min wk SelfReporting Self Reporting cutoff cut off responses analyses Pearsons Pearson s chisquare chi square used 95 CIs (CIs p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) 23 58.6% 586 58 6 (58.6 , women) 716 71 71. 75 7 5 7. 326 32 32.6 model PR (PR 2.49 249 2 49 CI 1.274.88 127488 1.27 4.88 1 27 4 88 1.27-4.88) selfperceived self perceived 2.73 273 73 95%CI 95CI 1.465.10 146510 1.46 5.10 46 10 1.46-5.10) 3.12 312 3 12 1.566.21 156621 1.56 6.21 56 21 1.56-6.21 2.30 230 30 1.204.41. 120441 1.20 4.41 20 41 1.20-4.41) identified participants 9 00 0.0 58.6 (58. 32. 2.4 24 274 1.274.8 12748 127 1.2 488 4.8 8 1.27-4.88 2.7 465 1.465.1 14651 146 1.4 510 5.1 1.46-5.10 3.1 31 566 1.566.2 15662 156 1.5 621 6.2 1.56-6.2 2.3 204 1.204.41 12044 120 441 4.4 1.20-4.41 0. 58. (58 2. 1.274. 1274 1. 48 4. 1.27-4.8 1.465. 1465 14 51 5. 1.46-5.1 3. 1.566. 1566 62 6. 1.56-6. 1.204.4 1204 44 1.20-4.4 (5 1.274 1.27-4. 1.465 1.46-5. 1.566 1.56-6 1.204. 1.20-4. ( 1.27-4 1.46-5 1.56- 1.204 1.20-4 1.27- 1.46- 1.20-

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a prevalência e os fatores associados à suspeição de transtornos mentais comuns (TMCs) em idosos de um município de pequeno porte do Nordeste brasileiro. Métodos Estudo epidemiológico populacional, com delineamento transversal, realizado com idosos da área urbana de Aiquara-BA. As informações sociodemográficas, de hábitos de vida e de condições de saúde foram coletadas, em entrevistas, a partir de um instrumento próprio. O nível de atividade física foi averiguado por meio do International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Foram considerados insuficientemente ativos os entrevistados que despendiam tempo < 150 mim/sem em atividade física. A identificação da suspeição de TMCs foi realizada pelo Self-Reporting Questionnaire, com ponto de corte de sete ou mais respostas positivas. Para as análises inferenciais, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson, regressão logística multivariada e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança (ICs) de 95,0% (p ≤ 0,05). Resultados Participaram do estudo 232 idosos (58,6% mulheres), com média de idade de 71,6 ± 7,5 anos e prevalência de suspeição de TMCs de 32,6%. No modelo final de regressão, foi observado que estiveram associadas à suspeição de TMCs: as mulheres (RP: 2,49; IC95%: 1,27-4,88); os idosos com autopercepção negativa de saúde (RP: 2,73; IC95%: 1,46-5,10); os idosos que referiram ter distúrbios do sono (RP: 3,12; IC95%: 1,56-6,21); e os insuficientemente ativos (RP: 2,30; IC95%: 1,20-4,41). Conclusão Em Aiquara-BA, identificou-se elevada prevalência de suspeição de TMCs, principalmente em mulheres, nos avaliados com autopercepção de saúde negativa, entre os que referiram ter distúrbios do sono e nos participantes insuficientemente ativos. (TMCs brasileiro populacional transversal AiquaraBA. AiquaraBA Aiquara BA. BA Aiquara-BA sociodemográficas coletadas entrevistas próprio Questionnaire 15 mimsem mim sem SelfReporting Self Reporting positivas inferenciais utilizouse utilizou se quiquadrado qui quadrado Pearson ICs (ICs 950 95 0 95,0 p 0,05. 005 0,05 . 05 0,05) 23 58,6% 586 58 6 (58,6 , mulheres) 716 71 71, 75 7 5 7, 326 32 32,6% RP (RP 2,49 249 2 49 IC95% IC95 IC 1,274,88 127488 1,27 4,88 1 27 4 88 1,27-4,88) 2,73 273 73 1,465,10 146510 1,46 5,10 46 10 1,46-5,10) 3,12 312 3 12 1,566,21 156621 1,56 6,21 56 21 1,56-6,21) 2,30 230 30 1,204,41. 120441 1,20 4,41 20 41 1,20-4,41) AiquaraBA, BA, identificouse identificou 9 95, 00 0,0 58,6 (58, 32,6 2,4 24 IC9 274 1,274,8 12748 127 1,2 488 4,8 8 1,27-4,88 2,7 465 1,465,1 14651 146 1,4 510 5,1 1,46-5,10 3,1 31 566 1,566,2 15662 156 1,5 621 6,2 1,56-6,21 2,3 204 1,204,41 12044 120 441 4,4 1,20-4,41 0, 58, (58 32, 2, 1,274, 1274 1, 48 4, 1,27-4,8 1,465, 1465 14 51 5, 1,46-5,1 3, 1,566, 1566 62 6, 1,56-6,2 1,204,4 1204 44 1,20-4,4 (5 1,274 1,27-4, 1,465 1,46-5, 1,566 1,56-6, 1,204, 1,20-4, ( 1,27-4 1,46-5 1,56-6 1,204 1,20-4 1,27- 1,46- 1,56- 1,20-

Abstract Introduction During aging, changes occur in the human body that increase the probability of arterial hypertension which can potentiate deleterious effects on functional performance. Objective To analyze the association of functional performance indicators with hypertension in older people. Methods An epidemiological, population-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted with 209 older adults (58.40% women). Functional performance was assessed by the following tests: handgrip strength; chair stand test; arm curl test; timed up and go (TUG); sit and reach test; and step in place test (SPT). Diagnosis of arterial hypertension was self-reported. Results The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 58.90% (males: 51.70%; females: 63.90%). It was also observed that the hypertensive individuals of both sexes had worse performance in SPT and TUG (p < 0.05). Furthermore, it was found that each additional second for TUG increased by 11% the probability of hypertension in men (PR:1.11; 95%CI: 1.03-1.20) and by 7% in women (PR: 1.07; 95%CI: 1.04-1.12), while each step performed in the SPT decreased the probability for the outcome by 2% (men and women = PR: 0.98; 95%CI: 0.97-0.99). Conclusion TUG was found to be positively associated with hypertension, while SPT was inversely associated with hypertension. aging people epidemiological populationbased, populationbased population based, based population-based crosssectional cross sectional 20 58.40% 5840 58 40 (58.40 women. . women) tests strength (TUG) SPT. (SPT) selfreported. selfreported self reported. reported self-reported 5890 90 58.90 males (males 51.70% 5170 51 70 females 63.90%. 6390 63.90% 63 63.90%) p 0.05. 005 0.05 0 05 0.05) Furthermore 11 PR1.11 PR111 PR 1.11 1 (PR:1.11 95%CI 95CI CI 95 1.031.20 103120 1.03 1.20 03 1.03-1.20 7 (PR 1.07 107 07 1.041.12, 104112 1.04 1.12 , 04 12 1.04-1.12) 2 0.98 098 98 0.970.99. 097099 0.97 0.99 97 99 0.97-0.99) 58.40 584 5 4 (58.4 (TUG (SPT 589 9 58.9 51.70 517 639 63.90 6 00 0.0 PR1 PR1.1 PR11 111 1.1 (PR:1.1 031 1.031.2 10312 103 1.0 120 1.2 1.03-1.2 10 041 1.041.12 10411 104 112 1.04-1.12 0.9 09 970 0.970.99 09709 097 099 0.97-0.99 58.4 (58. 58. 51.7 63.9 0. PR1. 1. (PR:1. 1.031. 1031 1.03-1. 1.041.1 1041 1.04-1.1 0.970.9 0970 0.97-0.9 (58 51. 63. (PR:1 1.031 1.03-1 1.041. 1.04-1. 0.970. 0.97-0. (5 1.03- 1.041 1.04-1 0.970 0.97-0 ( 1.04- 0.97-

Resumo Introdução Durante o envelhecimento ocorrem modificações no corpo humano, as quais aumentam a probabilidade de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS),o que pode potencializar efeitos deletérios no desem-penho funcional. Objetivo Analisar a associação de indicadores de desempenho funcional com a HAS em pessoas idosas. Métodos Inquérito epidemiológico, populacional, transversal, conduzido com 209 idosos (58,40% mulheres). O desempenho funcional foi averi-guado pelos seguintes testes: força de preensão manual; levantar e sentar da cadeira; flexão do antebraço; levantar, caminhar e sentar (LCS); sentar e alcançar o pé; e marcha estacionária (ME). O diagnóstico da HAS foi autorreferido. Resultados Averiguou-se a prevalência de HAS em 58,9% dos participantes (homens: 51,7%; mulheres: 63,9%). Observou-se, também, que os hipertensos de ambos os sexos apresentaram pior desempenho na ME e LCS (p < 0,05). Além disso, verificou-se que cada segundo a mais despendido para LSC aumentou em 11% e 7%, respectivamente, a probabilidade de HAS nos homens (RP: 1,11; IC95%: 1,03-1,20) e nas mulheres (RP: 1,07; IC95%: 1,04-1,12), enquanto cada passo a mais realizado na ME diminuiu em 2% a probabilidade para o desfecho (homens e mulheres = RP: 0,98; IC95%: 0,97-0,99). Conclusão Identificou-se que o teste de LCS esteve positivamente associado à HAS. Ademais, a ME apresentou-se inversamente associada à HAS. humano HAS,o HASo ,o desem penho idosas epidemiológico populacional transversal 20 58,40% 5840 58 40 (58,40 mulheres. . mulheres) averiguado averi guado testes manual cadeira antebraço (LCS) pé ME. (ME) autorreferido Averiguouse Averiguou se 589 9 58,9 51,7% 517 51 7 63,9%. 639 63,9% 63 63,9%) Observouse, Observouse Observou se, Observou-se também p 0,05. 005 0,05 0 05 0,05) disso verificouse verificou 11 7% respectivamente RP (RP 1,11 111 1 IC95% IC95 IC 1,031,20 103120 1,03 1,20 03 1,03-1,20 1,07 107 07 1,041,12, 104112 1,04 1,12 , 04 12 1,04-1,12) 2 0,98 098 98 0,970,99. 097099 0,97 0,99 97 99 0,97-0,99) Identificouse Identificou Ademais apresentouse apresentou 58,40 584 5 4 (58,4 (LCS (ME 58, 51,7 63,9 6 00 0,0 1,1 IC9 031 1,031,2 10312 103 1,0 120 1,2 1,03-1,2 10 041 1,041,12 10411 104 112 1,04-1,12 0,9 09 970 0,970,99 09709 097 099 0,97-0,99 58,4 (58, 51, 63, 0, 1, 1,031, 1031 1,03-1, 1,041,1 1041 1,04-1,1 0,970,9 0970 0,97-0,9 (58 1,031 1,03-1 1,041, 1,04-1, 0,970, 0,97-0, (5 1,03- 1,041 1,04-1 0,970 0,97-0 ( 1,04- 0,97-

ABSTRACT This research aimed to analyze the association of physical activity (PA) level combined with exposure to sedentary behavior (SB) with dynapenia in older people. Epidemiological, cross-sectional study, conducted with 208 older adults in Aiquara, Bahia, Brazil. Habitual PA and SB were quantified using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Based on this information, participants were divided into groups (G): G1) sufficiently active and low SB; G2) sufficiently active and high SB; G3) insufficiently active and low SB; and G4) insufficiently active and high SB. Assessment of dynapenia was performed based on the values of the handgrip strength measured in kilogram-force (kgf) (women: 18.37 kgf; men: 26.75 kgf). Descriptive analysis was conducted using absolute and relative frequencies, mean and standard deviation. For the inferential analysis, Poisson regression was used, with a robust estimator, calculation of Prevalence Ratios (PRs) and their relevant Confidence Intervals (CIs) of 95.0%. It was observed that the mean age of women and men were, respectively, 71.0 ± 6.7 and 72.3 ± 8.1 years and the prevalence of dynapenia observed was about 24.5%. Furthermore, it was found that the insufficiently active older adults with low SB (G3) (PR: 2.28; 95%CI: 1.09-4.76), and those insufficiently active with high SB (G4) (PR: 4, 14; 95%CI: 1.95-8.70), were more likely to experience the assessed outcome. Evidence showed that, among the older adults in Aiquara the prevalence of dynapenia was high in the presence of an insufficient level of PA, especially when combined with greater exposure to SB (PA (SB people Epidemiological crosssectional cross sectional study 20 Bahia Brazil Questionnaire information G (G) G1 G2 G3 G4 kilogramforce kilogram force kgf (kgf (women 1837 18 37 18.3 2675 26 75 26.7 kgf. . kgf) frequencies deviation used estimator PRs (PRs CIs (CIs 950 95 0 95.0% respectively 710 71 71. 67 6 7 6. 723 72 3 72. 81 8 1 8. 245 24 5 24.5% Furthermore (G3 PR (PR 2.28 228 2 28 95%CI 95CI CI 1.094.76, 109476 1.09 4.76 , 09 4 76 1.09-4.76) (G4 14 1.958.70, 195870 1.95 8.70 70 1.95-8.70) outcome (G 183 18. 267 26. 9 95.0 24.5 2.2 22 094 1.094.76 10947 109 1.0 476 4.7 1.09-4.76 958 1.958.70 19587 195 1.9 870 8.7 1.95-8.70 95. 24. 2. 1.094.7 1094 10 1. 47 4. 1.09-4.7 1.958.7 1958 19 87 1.95-8.7 1.094. 1.09-4. 1.958. 1.95-8. 1.094 1.09-4 1.958 1.95-8 1.09- 1.95-

RESUMO Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a associação do nível de atividade física (AF) combinado à exposição ao comportamento sedentário (CS) com a dinapenia em idosos. Estudo epidemiológico, transversal, conduzido com 208 idosos de Aiquara, Bahia, Brasil. A AF habitual e o CS foram quantificados pelo International Physical Activity Questionnaire. A partir destas informações, dividiu-se os participantes em grupos (G): G1) suficientemente ativos e baixo CS; G2) suficientemente ativos e elevado CS; G3) insuficientemente ativos e baixo CS; e G4) insuficientemente ativos e elevado CS. A avaliação da dinapenia foi realizada a partir dos valores, em quilograma-força (kgf), da força de preensão manual (mulheres: 18,37 kgf; homens: 26,75 kgf). A análise descritiva foi conduzida por meio de frequências absolutas e relativas, média e desvio padrão. Para a análise inferencial utilizou-se a regressão de Poisson, com estimador robusto, cálculo das Razões de Prevalência (RP) e de seus respectivos Intervalos de Confiança (IC) de 95,0%. Observou-se que as médias de idade das mulheres e dos homens, foram, respectivamente, 71,0 ± 6,7 e 72,3 ± 8,1 anos e a prevalência de dinapenia observada foi na ordem de 24,5%. Ademais, averiguou-se que os idosos insuficientemente ativos com baixo CS (G3) (RP: 2,28; IC95%: 1,09-4,76), e os insuficientemente ativos com elevado CS (G4) (RP: 4,14; IC95%: 1,95-8,70), apresentaram maior probabilidade ao desfecho analisado. As evidências verificadas mostraram que, entre os idosos de Aiquara, a prevalência de dinapenia foi elevada na presença do nível de AF insuficiente, especialmente quando combinado a uma maior exposição ao CS. (AF (CS epidemiológico transversal 20 Aiquara Bahia Brasil Questionnaire informações dividiuse dividiu se G (G) G1 G2 G3 G4 valores quilogramaforça quilograma kgf, kgf , (kgf) (mulheres 1837 18 37 18,3 homens 2675 26 75 26,7 kgf. . kgf) relativas padrão utilizouse utilizou Poisson robusto RP (RP IC (IC 950 95 0 95,0% Observouse Observou respectivamente 710 71 71, 67 6 7 6, 723 72 3 72, 81 8 1 8, 245 24 5 24,5% Ademais averiguouse averiguou (G3 2,28 228 2 28 IC95% IC95 1,094,76, 109476 1,09 4,76 09 4 76 1,09-4,76) (G4 4,14 414 14 1,958,70, 195870 1,95 8,70 70 1,95-8,70) analisado insuficiente (G (kgf 183 18, 267 26, 9 95,0 24,5 2,2 22 IC9 094 1,094,76 10947 109 1,0 476 4,7 1,09-4,76 4,1 41 958 1,958,70 19587 195 1,9 870 8,7 1,95-8,70 95, 24, 2, 1,094,7 1094 10 1, 47 4, 1,09-4,7 1,958,7 1958 19 87 1,95-8,7 1,094, 1,09-4, 1,958, 1,95-8, 1,094 1,09-4 1,958 1,95-8 1,09- 1,95-

Abstract Introduction Aging is marked by physiological changes and a decrease in physical activity. These aspects can have repercussions, namely declining functionality and increasing likelihood of adverse events. Objective To compare performance in physical fitness tests of sufficiently and insufficiently active older people. Methods Epidemiological population study, cross-sectional, carried out with 209 older people (58.4% women) from Aiquara/BA. Sociodemographic information was obtained by means of interviews. Physical fitness was measured by means of the following tests: handgrip strength, chair stand, arm curl, timed up and go, sit and reach and step in place. The level of physical activity was checked by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (<150 min/week physical activity = insufficiently active). Comparisons were made using the Student t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test, according to the distribution of normality determined by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (p ≤ 0.05). Results We found that 51.70% of the participants were insufficiently active (men: 66.66%; women: 40.98%). In addition, insufficiently active participants of both sexes performed less well in the handgrip strength, chair stand, arm curl, timed up and go and step in place tests (p < 0.05). Moreover, insufficiently active men showed lower performance in the sit and reach test than sufficiently active men (p < 0.05). Conclusion Insufficiently active older women and men have lower muscle strength/resistance, dynamic balance/agility and cardiorespiratory endurance. Furthermore, insufficiently active men show less flexibility than those sufficiently active. repercussions events study crosssectional, crosssectional cross sectional, sectional cross-sectional 20 58.4% 584 58 4 (58.4 AiquaraBA Aiquara BA Aiquara/BA interviews strength stand curl <150 150 (<15 minweek min week . active) ttest t MannWhitney Mann Whitney Utest, Utest U test, U-test KolmogorovSmirnov Kolmogorov Smirnov p 0.05. 005 0.05 0 05 0.05) 5170 51 70 51.70 (men 66.66% 6666 66 40.98%. 4098 40.98% 40 98 40.98%) addition Moreover strengthresistance resistance strength/resistance balanceagility balance agility endurance Furthermore 2 58.4 5 (58. <15 15 (<1 00 0.0 517 7 51.7 66.66 666 6 409 40.98 9 58. (58 <1 1 (< 0. 51. 66.6 40.9 (5 ( 66. 40.

Resumo Introdução O envelhecimento é marcado por alterações fisiológicas e diminuição do tempo em atividade física (AF). Tais aspectos podem repercutir no declínio da funcionalidade e propiciar maior probabilidade para eventos adversos. Objetivo Comparar o desempenho em testes de aptidão física de pessoa idosas suficiente e insuficientemente ativas. Métodos Estudo epidemiológico populacional, transversal, realizado com 209 pessoas idosas (58,40% mulheres) de Aiquara/BA. As informações sociodemográficas foram obtidas a partir de entrevistas. A aptidão física foi mensurada por meio dos seguintes testes: força de preensão manual; levantar e sentar da cadeira; flexão do antebraço; levantar, caminhar 2,44 m e sentar; sentar e alcançar o pé; e marcha estacionária. O nível de atividade física foi averiguado pelo International Physical Activity Questionnaire (< 150 min/sem em AF = insuficientemente ativo). As comparações foram feitas por meio dos testes t de Student ou U de Mann-Whitney, conforme a distribuição de normalidade averiguada pelo teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov (p ≤ 0,05). Resultados A prevalência do nível de AF insuficiente foi de 51,70% (homens: 66,66%; mulheres: 40,98%). Verificou-se, em ambos os sexos, que os insuficientemente ativos demonstraram menor desempenho na força de preensão manual; sentar e levantar da cadeira; flexão do antebraço; levantar, caminhar e sentar; e marcha estacionária (p < 0,05). Além do mais, os homens insuficientemente ativos apresentaram menor desempenho no teste sentar e alcançar o pé em relação aos suficientemente ativos (p < 0,05). Conclusão Identificou-se que os idosos insuficientemente ativos, de ambos os sexos, apresentaram menor força/resistência muscular, equilíbrio dinâmico/agilidade e resistência cardiorrespiratória. Ademais, os homens insuficientemente ativos demonstraram menor flexibilidade do que os suficientemente ativos. AF. . (AF) adversos ativas populacional transversal 20 58,40% 5840 58 40 (58,40 mulheres AiquaraBA Aiquara BA Aiquara/BA entrevistas manual cadeira antebraço 244 2 44 2,4 ( 15 minsem min sem ativo. ativo ativo) MannWhitney, MannWhitney Mann Whitney, Whitney Mann-Whitney KolmogorovSmirnov Kolmogorov Smirnov p 0,05. 005 0,05 0 05 0,05) 5170 51 70 51,70 (homens 66,66% 6666 66 40,98%. 4098 40,98% 98 40,98%) Verificouse, Verificouse Verificou se, se Verificou-se sexos mais Identificouse Identificou forçaresistência muscular dinâmicoagilidade dinâmico agilidade cardiorrespiratória Ademais (AF 58,40 584 5 4 (58,4 24 2, 1 00 0,0 517 7 51,7 66,66 666 6 409 40,98 9 58,4 (58, 0, 51, 66,6 40,9 58, (58 66, 40, (5

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association of anthropometric indicators of adiposity in older people, according to sex, with hypertension; to compare the scores of these variables between participants with and without hypertension; and to identify among them those with better predictive ability for screening the outcome. Methods: Epidemiological, population-based, cross-sectional study conducted with 210 older people. The anthropometric indicators analyzed were: body mass index, waist circumference, abdominal circumference, body adiposity index, triceps skinfold, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, and conicity index. Hypertension diagnosis was self-reported. Results: The indicators of adiposity increased the probability of hypertension. Additionally, hypertensive older people of both sexes showed higher scores on adiposity indicators than non-hypertensive subjects (p < 0.05). For men, the most sensitive indicator for the outcome was conicity index (81.82%; cut-off point: 1.30) and the most specific was body mass index (69.77%; cut-off point: 25.05 kg/m2). For women, the most sensitive indicator for the outcome was the body adiposity index (86.08%; cut-off point: 31.03%), and the most specific was the abdominal circumference (82.82%; cut-off point: 98.70 cm). Conclusion: In both sexes, the indicators of adiposity were positively associated with hypertension; hypertensive participants showed higher values in the scores of the indicators. Additionally, the body adiposity index (women) and conicity index (men) demonstrated greater ability to screen for hypertension, while the abdominal circumference and body mass index demonstrated greater ability to screen for non-hypertensive women and men, respectively. Objective sex hypertension Methods Epidemiological populationbased, populationbased population based, based population-based crosssectional cross sectional 21 skinfold waisttohip hip ratio waisttoheight height selfreported. selfreported self reported. reported self-reported Results Additionally nonhypertensive non p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) men 81.82% 8182 81 82 (81.82% cutoff cut off point 1.30 130 1 30 69.77% 6977 69 77 (69.77% 2505 25 25.0 kg/m2. kgm2 kgm kg/m2 kg m2 m kg/m2) 86.08% 8608 86 08 (86.08% 31.03%, 3103 31.03% , 31 03 31.03%) 82.82% 8282 (82.82% 9870 98 70 98.7 cm. cm cm) Conclusion (women (men respectively 2 00 0.0 81.82 818 8 (81.82 1.3 13 3 69.77 697 6 7 (69.77 250 25. kg/m 86.08 860 (86.08 310 31.03 82.82 828 (82.82 987 9 98. 0. 81.8 (81.8 1. 69.7 (69.7 86.0 (86.0 31.0 82.8 (82.8 81. (81. 69. (69. 86. (86. 31. 82. (82. (81 (69 (86 (82 (8 (6 (

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a associação de indicadores antropométricos de adiposidade com a hipertensão, em pessoas idosas, de acordo com o sexo; comparar os escores dessas variáveis entre os participantes com e sem hipertensão; e identificar os indicadores com melhor capacidade preditiva à triagem do desfecho. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico, populacional, transversal, realizado com 210 pessoas idosas. Os indicadores antropométricos analisados foram: índice de massa corporal, circunferência da cintura, circunferência abdominal, índice de adiposidade corporal, dobra cutânea tricipital, relação cintura/quadril, relação cintura/altura e índice de conicidade. O diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial foi autorreferido. Resultados: Observou-se que os indicadores de adiposidade aumentaram a probabilidade à hipertensão. Além disso, as pessoas idosas hipertensas, de ambos os sexos, apresentaram maiores escores nos indicadores de adiposidade quando comparadas às não hipertensas (p < 0,05). Para os homens, o indicador mais sensível ao desfecho foi o índice de conicidade (81,82%; ponto de corte: 1,30) e o mais específico foi o índice de massa corporal (69,77%; ponto de corte: 25,05 kg/m2). Nas mulheres, o indicador mais sensível ao desfecho foi o índice de adiposidade corporal (86,08%; ponto de corte: 31,03%) e o mais específico foi a circunferência abdominal (82,82%; ponto de corte: 98,70 cm). Conclusão: Em ambos os sexos, os indicadores de adiposidade mostraram-se positivamente associados à hipertensão; os participantes hipertensos apresentaram valores mais elevados nos escores dos indicadores. Ademais, identificou-se para os sexos, feminino e masculino, que os indicadores com melhor capacidade de rastrear a hipertensão, foram, respectivamente, o índice de adiposidade corporal e índice de conicidade. Enquanto a circunferência abdominal e o índice de massa corporal mostraram maior capacidade de rastrear, respectivamente, as mulheres e os homens não hipertensos. Objetivo sexo Métodos epidemiológico populacional transversal 21 foram cintura tricipital cinturaquadril quadril cintura/quadril cinturaaltura altura autorreferido Resultados Observouse Observou se disso sexos p 0,05. 005 0,05 . 0 05 0,05) 81,82% 8182 81 82 (81,82% corte 1,30 130 1 30 69,77% 6977 69 77 (69,77% 2505 25 25,0 kg/m2. kgm2 kgm kg/m2 kg m2 m kg/m2) 86,08% 8608 86 08 (86,08% 31,03% 3103 31 03 82,82% 8282 (82,82% 9870 98 70 98,7 cm. cm cm) Conclusão mostraramse Ademais identificouse identificou masculino respectivamente 2 00 0,0 81,82 818 8 (81,82 1,3 13 3 69,77 697 6 7 (69,77 250 25, kg/m 86,08 860 (86,08 31,03 310 82,82 828 (82,82 987 9 98, 0, 81,8 (81,8 1, 69,7 (69,7 86,0 (86,0 31,0 82,8 (82,8 81, (81, 69, (69, 86, (86, 31, 82, (82, (81 (69 (86 (82 (8 (6 (

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre la calidad de vida y el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en estudiantes de ascendencia africana. Método: Investigación epidemiológica, descriptiva, comparativa y transversal realizada entre agosto y noviembre de 2017, con personas adolescentes matriculadas en una escuela afrobrasileña, ubicada en la región nordeste. El procedimiento de muestreo adoptado fue aleatorio simple. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó un formulario sociodemográfico; una encuesta sobre calidad de vida (WHOQOL-bref) y otra sobre consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (DUSI - Drug Use Screening Inventory). Se utilizó la prueba no paramétrica U de Mann-Whitney para comparar los grupos. Resultados: La muestra estuvo constituida por 203 estudiantes, de quienes 123 (60.3 %) eran del sexo femenino, 108 (53.2%) tenían entre 16 y 19 años y 157 se autodescribieron como personas negras (77.3%). En cuanto al consumo de drogas, 101 (49.8%) adolescentes reportaron consumir al menos una droga lícita o ilegal. El alcohol fue la droga más consumida, totalizando 88 estudiantes. Las personas adolescentes que relataron el uso de sustancias psicoactivas en el último mes presentaron menor puntaje de calidad de vida en los dominios físico (p<0.05), psicológico (p<0.05) y ambiental (p<0.05). Conclusión: El consumo de sustancias lícitas e ilícitas demostró ser un punto de gran importancia para la calidad de vida de la población adolescente de ascendencia africana y la percepción de aspectos relacionados con el contexto en que se insertan.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a associação entre Qualidade de Vida e consumo de substâncias psicoativas em alunos de ancestralidade do continente africano. Método: pesquisa epidemiológica, descritiva, comparativa e de delineamento transversal, realizada entre os meses de agosto e novembro de 2017, com adolescentes matriculados em uma escola afro-brasileira localizada na região nordeste. O procedimento amostral adotado foi o aleatório simples. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado formulário sociodemográfico; um inquérito sobre Qualidade de Vida (WHOQOL-bref) e outro sobre consumo de substâncias psicoativas (DUSI - Drug Use Screening Inventory). O teste U de Mann-Whitney não paramétrico foi usado para comparar os grupos. Resultados: a mostra foi composta por 203 escolares, destes, 123 (60,3%) eram do sexo feminino, 108 (53,2%) estavam na faixa etária de 16 a 19 anos e 157 declaravam-se negros (77,3%). Já para o uso de drogas, 101 (49,8%) adolescentes relataram usar ao menos uma droga lícita ou ilegal. O álcool foi a droga mais usada, total de 88 estudantes. Os adolescentes que relatam uso de substâncias psicoativas no último mês apresentaram menor escore de Qualidade de Vida em nossos domínios físico (p<0,05), psicológico (p<0,05) e ambiental (p<0,05). Conclusão: o consumo de substâncias lícitas e ilícitas mostrou-se como um ponto de grande importância para a qualidade de vida dos adolescentes de ancestralidade do continente africano e para a percepção de aspectos relacionados ao contexto que estão inseridos.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the relationship between Quality of Life and consumption of psychoactive substances in the students of African Continental Ancestry Groups. Method: this was an epidemiological, descriptive, comparative, and cross-sectional study carried out between August and November 2017 with adolescents enrolled in an Afro-Brazilian school in the northeast region. A simple random sampling procedure was adopted. For the data collection, the following instruments were used: a sociodemographic questionnaire, a survey on the Quality of Life (WHOQOL-bref), and a survey about consumption of psychoactive substances (DUSI - Drug Use Screening Inventory). The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the groups. Results: the population consisted of 203 students; 123 (60.3%) of them were female; 108 (53.2%) were aged between 16 and 19 years old, and 157 (77.3%) considered themselves black. As for drug use, 101 (49.8%) adolescents reported to have used at least one licit or illegal drug. Alcohol was the most used drug (88 students in total). The adolescents who reported using psychoactive substances in the last month had a lower Quality of Life score in the physical (p<0,05), psychological (p<0,05), and environmental domains (p<0,05). Conclusion: the consumption of licit and illicit substances proved to be a point of great importance for the quality of life of adolescents of African ancestry and the perception of aspects related to the context in which they are inserted.

Resumo Este estudo busca relacionar as questões bioéticas acerca da quarentena como ferramenta de mitigação da pandemia de covid-19 na sociedade. Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura, seguindo os critérios da Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses nas etapas pertinentes. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PubMed e SciELO, procurando textos publicados entre 2019 e 2020, em inglês, espanhol e português. Dentre os artigos identificados, sete foram selecionados para compor este trabalho, sendo dois dos Estados Unidos, dois da Espanha, um da Finlândia, um da Austrália e um de Bangladesh. Os estudos ressaltam que, apesar de a quarentena e o isolamento serem as únicas estratégias conhecidas até o momento, é necessário desenvolver políticas que levem em consideração os princípios bioéticos, focando, por exemplo, populações em situação de vulnerabilidade social, que necessitam de suporte para estabelecer tal medida.

Abstract This study seeks to relate the bioethical questions about the quarantine as a mitigation tool of the COVID-19 pandemic in society. It is an integrative review, following criteria of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses at the pertinent phases. The search was carried out in the databases Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PubMed and SciELO, searching texts published between 2019 and 2020, in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Among the identified articles, seven were selected to be part of this work, of those, two are from the United States, two from Spain, one from Finland, one from Australia, and one from Bangladesh. The studies show that, despite the quarantine and the distancing being the only strategies known up to this moment, developing politics that consider bioethical principles, focusing on, for example, socially vulnerable populations, who need support to establish this measure, is necessary.

Resumen Este estudio pretende relacionar las cuestiones bioéticas sobre la cuarentena como herramienta de mitigación para la pandemia del Covid-19. Esta es una revisión integradora de la literatura basada en los criterios del Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses en las etapas correspondientes. Se realizó en las bases de datos Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, PubMed y SciELO una búsqueda de artículos publicados entre 2019 y 2020, en inglés, español y portugués. Entre los artículos identificados, se seleccionaron siete: dos de Estados Unidos, dos de España, uno de Finlandia, uno de Australia y uno de Bangladesh. Los estudios destacan que, aunque la cuarentena y el aislamiento son las únicas estrategias conocidas hasta el momento, es necesario desarrollar políticas que tengan en cuenta los principios bioéticos, centrándose, por ejemplo, en las poblaciones en situación de vulnerabilidad social, que necesitan apoyo para cumplir tal medida.

RESUMO Este estudo identificou os fatores associados à dinapenia em idosos residentes em um município de pequeno porte do Nordeste brasileiro. Trata-se de um estudo populacional, conduzido com 208 idosos (58,7% mulheres) de Aiquara-BA. As informações sociodemográficas, comportamentais e de condições de saúde foram obtidas em entrevistas face a face, e o estado nutricional foi avaliado pelo índice de massa corporal. Para mensuração do nível de atividade física e do comportamento sedentário, utilizou-se o International Physical Activity Questionnaire. O diagnóstico da dinapenia foi realizado por sexo, a partir do percentil 25 da força de preensão manual, averiguada com um dinamômetro hidráulico. Para análises inferenciais foi utilizada a regressão de Poisson, com estimador robusto, cálculo das Razões de Prevalência (RP) e de seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC). A prevalência de dinapenia foi maior nos idosos com idade entre 70-79 (RP: 3,21; IC95%: 1,55-6,64) e ≥80 anos (RP: 4,91; IC95%: 2,32-10,39), nos com baixo peso (RP: 2,20; IC95%: 1,26-3,82), nos insuficientemente ativos (RP: 1,99; IC95%: 1,12-3,54) e entre os com elevado comportamento sedentário (RP: 1,88; IC95%: 1,19-2,98). Identificou-se que os fatores associados à dinapenia foram: idade entre 70-79 e ≥80 anos, nível de atividade física insuficiente; elevado comportamento sedentário e baixo peso.

ABSTRACT This study identified factors associated with dynapenia in older adults residing in a small town in northeastern Brazil. It is a population-based study conducted with 208 senior citizens (58.7% women) from Aiquara, BA. Sociodemographic, behavioral and health information were obtained from face-to-face interviews, and nutritional status was assessed by body mass index. To measure their level of physical activity and sedentary behavior, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used. Dynapenia was diagnosed by sex, from the 25th percentile of handgrip strength, by means of a hydraulic dynamometer. For inferential analyses, Poisson regression was used, with a robust estimator, calculation of Prevalence Ratios (PRs) and their respective 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). The prevalence of dynapenia was higher in older adults aged 70-79 (PR: 3.21; 95%CI: 1.55-6.64) and ≥80 years (PR: 4.91; 95%CI: 2.32-10.39), in those with low weight (PR: 2.20; 95%CI: 1.26-3.82), in those who are insufficiently active (PR: 1.99; 95%CI: 1.12-3.54), and among those with high level of sedentary behavior (PR: 1.88; 95%CI: 1.19-2.98). The factors identified as being associated with dynapenia were: age between 70 and 79 and ≥80 years, insufficient level of physical activity; high level of sedentary behavior, and low weight.

Resumen: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo esbozar el perfil de la atención a las personas mayores a través del centro de regulación prehospitalario y el servicio móvil de atención de emergencia. Se caracterizó como estudio epidemiológico, descriptivo realizado con ancianos residentes en Jequié, Bahía. Se utilizó la base de datos de las atenciones de la central de regulación y del servicio móvil de ambulancia del año 2013. Se calcularon las frecuencias absoluta y relativa para las variables evaluadas. La Central de Regulación recibió 3.505 llamadas, y se encaminaron 2.066 llamadas de ambulancias. En la regulación y en los equipos de ambulancia prevalecieron ancianas, de 60 a 79 años, atendidas durante días hábiles de la semana y en el turno matutino, en domicilio, con asistencia clínica y trasladados a la red pública hospitalaria. Entre las enfermedades prevalecieron las crisis hipertensivas, dolor, enfermedades neurológicas y disnea. En el municipio, la atención prehospitalaria móvil de urgencia es esencial para atender las demandas de urgencia de los ancianos.

Abstract: This study aimed to outline the profile of emergency-medical care performed to the elderly population through the prehospital regional medical-emergency regulation center and the mobile emergency-care system. The data analyzed here was extracted from a database of the emergency-calls made to reach out the of the regional medical-emergency regulation center and the mobile emergency-care system over the year of 2013 at the city of Jequié, Brazil. The absolute and relative frequencies were calculated for the variables evaluated. the regional medical-emergency regulation center received 3,505 calls and 2,066 ambulance units were sent out. Both at the regional medical-emergency regulation center and the ambulance crew the age of the patients assisted ranged from 60 to 79 years old, and most of the emergency-calls were attended during weekdays and during the morning shifts. Most of the elderly assistment were at their households, having clinical assistance, and afterwards they were conducted to a public hospital network. Hypertensive crisis, chronic pain, neurological and dyspnoea issues have prevailed among other diagnosis. Thus, we conclude here that the emergency- prehospital care is essential to meet the urgent demands of the elderly population.

Resumo: O presente estudo objetiva traçar o perfil do atendimento aos idosos pela central de regulação pré-hospitalar e pelo serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência. Caracterizou-se como estudo epidemiológico, descritivo realizado com idosos residentes em Jequié, Bahia. Utilizou-se banco de dados dos atendimentos da central de regulação e do serviço móvel de ambulância do ano de 2013. Calculou-se as frequências absoluta e relativa para as variáveis avaliadas. A Central de Regulação recebeu 3.505 chamadas, e encaminhadas 2.066 atendimentos de ambulâncias. Na regulação e nas equipes de ambulância prevaleceram idosas, de 60 a 79 anos, atendidas durante dias úteis da semana e no turno matutino, atendidos em domicílio, com realização de atendimento clínico, e conduzidos para rede hospitalar pública. Entre os agravos prevaleceram crise hipertensiva, dor, neurológicos e dispneia. No município, o atendimento pré-hospitalar móvel de urgência é essencial para atender as demandas de urgência dos idosos.

ABSTRACT Objective: The aims of this study were to identify the main characteristics regarding the shape and size of the craniofacial region in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) and sickle cell trait (SCT) and in unaffected patients using geometric morphometrics and to check the efficiency of this method. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study of 45 patients (15 in each group) was performed. Lateral radiographs of the skull were used for the analysis. Seventeen landmarks and semilandmarks were placed for the measurements. The Pocrustes analysis of variance (ANOVA), regression analysis, multivariate analysis of variance, canonical variate analysis, Mahalanobis and Procrustes distances and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering were performed. Allometric effects and sex characteristics were not statistically significant (p> 0.05). Results: There were, however, significant differences (p< 0.05) in craniofacial shape among SCA, SCT and unaffected individuals. Those with SCA showed variations in the shape of the external auditory meatus and at the base of the occipital bone, in addition to the mandibular setback and upper incisor inclination, with a tendency towards prognathism. The individuals with SCT exhibited a similar craniofacial shape to those with SCA, but with slighter variations. Moreover, those with SCT were statistically closer in resemblance to unaffected individuals, given that SCT is not regarded as a disease. Conclusion: This demonstrates the efficiency of geometric morphometrics in the categorization of the assessed groups.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with malocclusions in preschool children. Material and Methods: A census, epidemiological study, with a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytic sample, was carried out with children aged between 4 and 6 years, matriculated in preschools in the town of Aiquara, Bahia, Brazil. Malocclusion in the deciduous dentition was determined through the application of the index proposed by WHO, with the Foster and Hamilton criteria also being incorporated. The data was tabulated in duplicate in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and following correction, was analyzed using the SPSS, STATA and PAST Software. In order to identify the associated factors, we opted for Multiple Poisson regression analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results: A total of 148 children were examined and the general prevalence of malocclusions was 69.59%, with 57.5% in the group of 4-year-old, 76.92% those aged 5 years old and 72.46% among children aged 6 years old. In terms of primary canines, 66.2% were identified as class I, 25.7% as class II and 8.1% as class III. Normal overjet was 41.2%, increased overjet 34.5%, edge to edge bite 17.6% and anterior crossbite 6.8%. The normal overbite 51.4%, reduced 20.9% and deep 8.1%. Of the individuals, 20.9% had posterior crossbite. In the Poisson regression analysis and PCA, a statistical association between the malocclusions and dental caries, duration of use of pacifiers, onychophagia and thumb sucking, was identified. Conclusion: The prevalence of malocclusion in preschool children in the small town of Aiquara is high and the associated factors identified are capable of control and prevention.

Resumo Objetivou-se identificar dentre os componentes da síndrome metabólica (SM) o que mais interfere na forma da face em idosos. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, transversal, realizado com idosos residentes de Aiquara-BA. Foram obtidas imagens faciais da vista frontal e a SM foi classificada segundo o National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment PanelIII, revisado. A partir da função discriminante, validação cruzada e a distância D2 Mahalanobis, foram extraídas as variações da forma em função da SM. Para avaliar a influência dos componentes da SM na forma da face, utilizou-se a Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP). Participaram 193 idosos e foram identificadas diferenças significativas na forma da face em relação a SM (p<0,01) em ambos os sexos. Para os homens, o ACP 1 foi o HDL-C, este explicou 37% da variação total. Pelo biplot, o HDL-C está associado aos indivíduos que não possuem SM e em idosos com SM, houve uma correlação entre a circunferência da cintura e os triglicerídeos. Para as mulheres, o ACP 1 representou 33,2% da variação total, explicado pelos triglicerídeos. Pelobiplot, houve uma relação entre glicose e circunferência da cintura. Nas mulheres, o HDL-C está relacionado com quem não tem SM. As variações faciais acometidas pela SM, não foram decorrentes da ação de um dos componentes da mesma, mas das relações entre eles. Assim, a morfometria geométrica se mostra como método promissor e possibilita identificar a partir da forma da face fatores de risco cardiovascular e metabólico.

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify the metabolic syndrome (MS) components mostly influencing face shape in elderly individuals. This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study carried out with elderly individuals living in Aiquara County, Bahia State. Facial images at frontal view and MS were classified according to the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (revised version). Discriminant function, cross validation and distance Mahalanobis D2 were used to extract face shape variations due to MS. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate MS components’ influence on face shape. The total of 193 elderly individuals were selected; there were significant differences in face shape due to MS (p <0.01) in both sexes. PCA 1 showed HDL-C in men, which accounted for 37% of the total variation. HDL-C in biplot is associated with individuals who do not have MS and with elderly individuals with MS - there was correlation between waist circumference and triglycerides. PCA 1 represented 33.2% of the total variation in women; this outcome is explained by triglycerides. There was association between blood glucose and waist circumference in biplot. HDL-C is related to women who do not have MS. Facial variations affected by MS did not derive from the action of any of the MS components, but from the association between them. Thus, geometric morphometrics emerges as a promising method that makes it possible identifying heart disease and metabolic risk factors according to face shape features.