The present note aims to describe two alternative methods for observing genitalia in Lepidoptera. The first one provides means to examine both male and female genitalia without spoiling the scales of the abdomen, preserving it attached to the thorax and aesthetically similar to an unexamined specimen. The second one provides ways of observing certain characters on the male genitalia in a non-destructive way, and does not depend on time-consuming removing and dissection of the abdomen. It is expected that the presented techniques will help on morphological studies and on identifying similar species which consistently differ in genitalic armatures.

Immature stages of Memphis moruus stheno (Prittwittz) were subject of a behavior, biological and morphological study. The morphological study was carried out through observation by stereoscopic microscopy with camera lucida and micrometric lens attached for illustrations and measurements, respectively; and scanning electron microscopy for ultrastructural analysis. Behavioral data were obtained through direct observation in the field and laboratory. Eggs were laid on the underside of leaves of two Lauraceae species. The first to third instars build frass chains, the fourth and the fifth instars build a conical shelter using a single leaf of the host plant. Before pupation, larvae bend its body ventrally and the pupae are incapable of movement. Descriptions, illustrations and photographs of egg, all five instars and pupa are given. The cephalic morphology and chaetotaxy of first instar were described and illustrated. Results are compared with other Charaxinae immature stages.

The presence of Calpodes ethlius (Stoll, 1782) is confirmed from the Azapa valley, Arica Province, northern Chile, based on individuals collected on leafs of Canna edulis Ker-Gwal (Cannaceae).

La presencia de Calpodes ethlius (Stoll, 1782) es confirmada para el valle de Azapa, Provincia de Arica, norte de Chile, sobre la base de ejemplares colectados en hojas de Canna edulis Ker-Gwal (Cannaceae).

The poorly known phenomenon of copula "inter mares" (a male insect copulating with another male) is reported in Pirascca sagaris satnius (Dalman, 1823) (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae, Riodininae).

The twenty species of butterflies (diurnal Lepidoptera) considered as threatened in the Minas Gerais (by statute) are described and discussed in relation to distribution, appearance and known records.

426 butterfly species were sampled on six field-trips to Morro do Diabo and are listed with their dates of capture and where they are recorded. A variety of collecting methods was used, including standard insect nets and traps. Adult butterflies were attracted to many substances, including, wet sand, bird droppings, excrement and decaying fruits and animais. The results were compared with anothers richest butterfly communities. The following taxonomic changes are included: Pyrrhopyge aziza subnubilus Hayward, 1935 nom. rev., stat. nov., comb. rcv.; Telemiades meris meris (Plötz, 1886) sp. rev.; Quadrus u-lucida mimus (Mabille & Boullet, 1917) nom. rev., stat. nov., Peba verames (Schaus, 1902) sp. rev., comb.n.; Peba striata Mielke, 1968, syn. nov. of Peba verames. Zonia zonia diabo ssp.n. is described.