ABSTRACT Dairy farming is essential for Brazilian agriculture and, especially, for the Minas Gerais State. The understanding of technical efficiency and its impacts on the economic performance of dairy farms contributes to the development of the milk production chain. In the context of organizations, the Firm Theory helps in understanding how production factors affect the economic performance of these organizations, which are little studied in dairy farming. The objective of this study was to identify the main characteristics that differentiate dairy farms in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. For this purpose, dairy farms with different levels of efficiency (high, medium and low) were compared using data envelopment analysis (DEA), descriptive statistics and mean difference tests, analyzing socioeconomic, cost and economic performance variables. To increase the technical efficiency of dairy farms, it is important to reduce the total operating cost (TOC) and effective operating cost (EOC) by optimizing their components. However, spending on feeding (concentrated) and electricity should be increased so that the analyzed dairy farms become more efficient. In addition, the increase in the technification of dairy farms must happen, but always with caution, so that depreciation costs do not rise disproportionately. This research contributes to the advancement of scientific knowledge by applying the assumptions of the Firm Theory to dairy farming, an incipient topic in the literature. For rural producers, this research can be especially useful when presenting efficiency indicators and parameters for dairy farms, such as food costs, which must be more than 60% of the EOC. State chain organizations Brazil purpose high, high (high low DEA, DEA , (DEA) tests socioeconomic variables TOC (TOC EOC (EOC components However concentrated (concentrated efficient addition happen caution disproportionately literature producers 60 (DEA 6

RESUMO A pecuária leiteira é essencial para a agropecuária brasileira e, principalmente, para o estado de Minas Gerais. A eficiência técnica e seus impactos no desempenho econômico das propriedades leiteiras contribuem para o desenvolvimento da cadeia produtiva do leite. A Teoria da Firma auxilia no entendimento de como os fatores de produção afetam o desempenho econômico dessas organizações, pouco estudada na pecuária leiteira. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as principais características que diferenciam as propriedades leiteiras do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Para tanto, propriedades leiteiras com diferentes níveis de eficiência (alta, média e baixa) foram comparadas por meio de Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA), estatística descritiva e testes de diferença de médias, sendo analisadas variáveis socioeconômicas, de custos e de desempenho econômico. Para aumentar a eficiência técnica de propriedades leiteiras, é importante reduzir o custo operacional total (COT) e o custo operacional efetivo (COE) otimizando seus componentes. No entanto, os gastos com alimentação (concentrada) e energia elétrica devem ser aumentados para que as propriedades leiteiras analisadas se tornem mais eficientes. Além disso, o aumento da tecnificação de propriedades leiteiras deve acontecer, mas sempre com cautela, para que os custos com depreciação não se elevem desproporcionalmente. Esta pesquisa contribui para o avanço do conhecimento científico ao aplicar os pressupostos da Teoria da Firma à pecuária leiteira, tema incipiente na literatura. Para produtores rurais, esta pesquisa pode ser especialmente útil ao apresentar indicadores e parâmetros de eficiência de propriedades leiteiras, caso dos custos com alimentação, que devem ser mais de 60% do COE. principalmente Gerais leite organizações Brasil tanto alta, alta (alta baixa DEA, DEA , (DEA) médias socioeconômicas COT (COT COE (COE componentes entanto concentrada (concentrada eficientes disso acontecer cautela desproporcionalmente literatura rurais 60 (DEA 6

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to assess vitamin D (25OHD) levels in individuals who underwent an examination at a private laboratory (between latitudes 14° and 22° south) over 14 years, stratified by sex, age, and epidemiological profiles, and determine variations in the number of tests performed over the years. Materials and methods: All records of 25OHD tests performed at a private clinical laboratory in Brazil were analyzed. This retrospective cross-sectional study included patients stratified by sex (female or male), age range (0-17, 18-40, 41-59, and ≥ 60 years), and year of testing. The final sample size was 193,725 patients. Categorical variables are presented as absolute and relative frequencies and numerical variables as means ± standard deviation. Comparisons between groups were performed using the equality of proportions test. Results: The number of tests performed steeply increased since 2010. More tests were performed in female individuals (73.3%) and individuals aged 41-59 years (32.2%). Most samples (68.0%) demonstrated sufficient vitamin D status. Women had a higher incidence of vitamin D deficiency than men (33.1% and 26.6%, respectively; p < 0.001). Individuals aged ≥ 60 years had the highest incidence of vitamin D deficiency (68.4%), while individuals aged 0-17 years had the lowest (32.2%) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Despite increased testing and attention given to vitamin D in recent years, our study demonstrates high levels of deficiency in a country with geographical conditions favorable to its production.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the barriers to access and oral health care faced by children and adolescents with Cerebral Palsy (CP) according to their motor impairment through the perception of caregivers. Material and Methods: A case series study was carried out at three health institutions in Pernambuco, Brazil. The study sample consisted of 94 caregivers of 5-to-18-year-old patients with CP, according to GMFCS (The Gross Motor Function Classification System). Data were collected using a semi-structured form to evaluate the barriers to access and analyzed statistically by the chi-square and Fisher exact tests, adopting a 5% level of significance. In addition, binary logistic regression was performed to determine the weight of the variables in explaining the outcome variable. Results: There were major difficulties involving transportation (p=0.04) and structural accessibility to dental services (p<0.01) among children and adolescents with severe CP. In addition, the more severe the CP, the greater the difficulty of accessibility (OR=4.09,) and the lower the income (OR=8.80), the greater the motor impairment. Conclusion: Despite the availability of access to dental services, low-income families have more severe CP patients, contributing to the daily difficulties already faced by them in oral health care.

Abstract Maraging steels are among the highest strength steels commercially available. Despite being relatively rare and expensive, they may present a yield strength around 3 GPa and are indispensable for various applications. In the present paper, several aspects will be reviewed related to maraging steels including a brief history of its development, microstructure and acting hardening mechanisms, loss of toughness with the tensile strength increase, resistance to oxidation, and corrosion, nitriding behavior, and future perspectives.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the perception of rheumatologists regarding the recommendations of the Brazilian Consensus for detection of Autoantibodies (BCA) on HEp-2 Cells by Indirect Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and how BCA recommendations help in clinical practice. Methodology: A structured questionnaire regarding the BCA recommendations for detection and interpretations of autoantibodies in HEp-2 cells was applied to randomly selected rheumatologists. The results were tabulated using the Microsoft® Excel program, expressed as a simple percentage and the dichotomous data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and the Epi Info® program. Results: Four hundred fuorteen rheumatologists participated in the study: 70% of them considered their knowledge of the HEp-2 IFA test satisfactory or excellent, and 43% said they knew the BCA recommendations in general, without distinguishing the edition of the BCA to which they refer. The Revista Brasileira de Rheumatologia/ Advances in Rheumatology was the means of dissemination most consulted by specialists (50%). According to the rheumatologists’ opinion, the most relevant pattern was the homogeneous nuclear (78%) and 65% stated they were satisfied with the BCA recommendations at a level of satisfaction greater than or equal to 80%. There was no significant difference in the perception of rheumatologists from the several Brazilian geographic regions. Conclusion: Brazilian rheumatologists are aware of the BCA guidelines and most are satisfied with the content published, considering that the BCA recommendations assist positively in the clinical practice. Most rheumatologists recognize the patterns associated with rheumatic autoimmune diseases and have used BCA recommendations to interpret the results of the HEp-2 IFA test.

ABSTRACT Objective: To validate the content of the indicators of the nursing outcome Dry eye severity, of the Nursing Outcomes Classification, in adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Methods: Methodological study of content validity, developed in two stages: the first, consisting of 23 specialists; and the second, of a consensus group formed by ten nurses. For analyzing the data in the first stage, we used the content validity index and binomial test for each indicator; in the second stage, the discussions of each meeting were transcripted, and the indicators that achieved 100% consensus were validated. Results: Of the 14 indicators evaluated by the specialists, 7 presented a cut-off point below 0.80, but did not show statistical significance in the binomial test. In the consensus group’s validation, six indicators were reformulated. Conclusion: This study considered the 14 indicators valid for evaluating patients admitted to the intensive care unit.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Validar el contenido de los indicadores del resultado de enfermería Gravedad del ojo seco, de la Nursing Outcomes Classification, en pacientes adultos internados en unidad de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Estudio metodológico de validación de contenido, desarrollado en dos etapas: la primera, compuesta por 23 especialistas; y la segunda, por un consenso en equipo formado por 10 enfermeros. Para análisis de los datos de la primera etapa, ocurrió transcripción de las discusiones de cada encuentro, y los indicadores que obtuvieron consenso 100% han sido validados. Resultados: De los 14 indicadores evaluados por los especialistas, 7 presentaron puente de cohorte inferior a 0,80, pero no evidenciaron significación estadística por él es binominal. En la validación por consenso en equipo, seis indicadores han sido reformulados. Conclusión: Los 14 indicadores han sido considerados válidos para ser utilizados en la evaluación de pacientes internados en unidad de terapia.

RESUMO Objetivo: Validar o conteúdo dos indicadores do resultado de enfermagem Gravidade do olho seco, da Nursing Outcomes Classification, em pacientes adultos internados em unidade de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Estudo metodológico de validação de conteúdo, desenvolvido em duas etapas: a primeira, composta por 23 especialistas; e a segunda, por um grupo-consenso formado por 10 enfermeiros. Para análise dos dados da primeira etapa, utilizou-se o índice de validade de conteúdo e teste binominal para cada indicador; na segunda etapa, ocorreu transcrição das discussões de cada encontro, e os indicadores que obtiveram consenso 100% foram validados. Resultados: Dos 14 indicadores avaliados pelos especialistas, 7 apresentaram ponte de corte inferior a 0,80, mas não evidenciaram significância estatística pelo teste binomial. Na validação por grupo-consenso, seis indicadores foram reformulados. Conclusão: Os 14 indicadores foram considerados válidos para serem utilizados na avaliação de pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva.

RESUMO Objetivo: Validar o conteúdo dos indicadores do resultado de enfermagem Gravidade do olho seco, da Nursing Outcomes Classification, em pacientes adultos internados em unidade de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Estudo metodológico de validação de conteúdo, desenvolvido em duas etapas: a primeira, composta por 23 especialistas; e a segunda, por um grupo-consenso formado por 10 enfermeiros. Para análise dos dados da primeira etapa, utilizou-se o índice de validade de conteúdo e teste binominal para cada indicador; na segunda etapa, ocorreu transcrição das discussões de cada encontro, e os indicadores que obtiveram consenso 100% foram validados. Resultados: Dos 14 indicadores avaliados pelos especialistas, 7 apresentaram ponte de corte inferior a 0,80, mas não evidenciaram significância estatística pelo teste binomial. Na validação por grupo-consenso, seis indicadores foram reformulados. Conclusão: Os 14 indicadores foram considerados válidos para serem utilizados na avaliação de pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva.

ABSTRACT Objective: To validate the content of the indicators of the nursing outcome Dry eye severity, of the Nursing Outcomes Classification, in adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Methods: Methodological study of content validity, developed in two stages: the first, consisting of 23 specialists; and the second, of a consensus group formed by ten nurses. For analyzing the data in the first stage, we used the content validity index and binomial test for each indicator; in the second stage, the discussions of each meeting were transcripted, and the indicators that achieved 100% consensus were validated. Results: Of the 14 indicators evaluated by the specialists, 7 presented a cut-off point below 0.80, but did not show statistical significance in the binomial test. In the consensus group’s validation, six indicators were reformulated. Conclusion: This study considered the 14 indicators valid for evaluating patients admitted to the intensive care unit.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Validar el contenido de los indicadores del resultado de enfermería Gravedad del ojo seco, de la Nursing Outcomes Classification, en pacientes adultos internados en unidad de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Estudio metodológico de validación de contenido, desarrollado en dos etapas: la primera, compuesta por 23 especialistas; y la segunda, por un consenso en equipo formado por 10 enfermeros. Para análisis de los datos de la primera etapa, ocurrió transcripción de las discusiones de cada encuentro, y los indicadores que obtuvieron consenso 100% han sido validados. Resultados: De los 14 indicadores evaluados por los especialistas, 7 presentaron puente de cohorte inferior a 0,80, pero no evidenciaron significación estadística por él es binominal. En la validación por consenso en equipo, seis indicadores han sido reformulados. Conclusión: Los 14 indicadores han sido considerados válidos para ser utilizados en la evaluación de pacientes internados en unidad de terapia.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do "biochar" de Eucalyptus sobre a fertilidade do solo, e sobre a produtividade e o desenvolvimento do arroz de terras altas. O experimento foi conduzido durante dois anos, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em Plintossolo Háplico franco-arenoso. Foram avaliadas quatro doses do fertilizante mineral NPK 05-25-15 (0, 100, 200 e 300 kg ha-1), distribuídas anualmente em faixas, e quatro doses de "biochar" (0, 8, 16 e 32 Mg ha-1), aplicadas uma única vez, no primeiro ano, sozinho ou com o fertilizante. No primeiro ano, o "biochar" afetou positivamente a fertilidade do solo [carbono orgânico total (TOC), Ca, P, Al, H+Al e pH], à profundidade de 0-10 cm, e foi o único fator com efeito significativo sobre a produtividade. No segundo ano, o efeito do "biochar" diminuiu ou foi superado pelo do fertilizante. O TOC se movimentou no perfil do solo para a profundidade de 10-20 cm, e isto influenciou a disponibilidade de K naquela camada. No segundo ano, houve interação significativa entre "biochar" e fertilizante quanto ao crescimento das plantas e ao acúmulo de massa de matéria seca.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of biochar made from Eucalyptus on soil fertility, and on the yield and development of upland rice. The experiment was performed during two years in a randomized block design with four replicates, in a sandy loam Dystric Plinthosol. Four doses of NPK 05-25-15, annually distributed in stripes (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1), and four doses of biochar (0, 8, 16 and 32 Mg ha-1), applied once in the first year - alone or with NPK - were evaluated. In the first year, biochar positively affected soil fertility [total organic carbon (TOC), Ca, P, Al, H+Al, and pH], at 0-10 cm soil depth, and it was the only factor with significant effect on yield. In the second year, the effect of biochar diminished or was overcome by the fertilizer. TOC moved down in the soil profile to the 0-20 cm depth, influencing K availability in this layer. In the second year, there was a significant interaction between biochar and the fertilizer on plant growth and biomass dry matter accumulation.