ABSTRACT The consumption of saline water in semiarid regions is a recurrent situation that can affect the ingestive behavior of small ruminants. This study evaluated the ingestive behavior of Santa Inês sheep maintained in a climatic chamber under two air temperatures -25 °C within the thermal comfort zone (TCZ) and 32 °C above the TCZ - and consuming water with three levels of salinity - 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 dS m-1. The experimental design was completely randomized in 2 × 3 factorial schemes, comprising two air temperatures and drinking water with three levels of salinity, in six replicates (animals). Regardless of air temperature, the consumption of saline water did not affect feed and water intake by the sheep; however, there was a decrease in feed intake and an increase in water intake as air temperature increased. Feed and water intake; feeding, rumination, and idle times; defecation frequency; and fecal production were not affected (P > 0.05) by the water salinity levels, whereas reduction in feed intake, feeding time, and rumination time and an increase in water intake and idle time were observed as air temperature increased. In summary, increasing air temperature negatively affected the ingestive behavior of the animals; however, water with salinity up to 8.0 dS m-1 did not affect their ingestive behavior and hence could be used for drinking.

ABSTRACT This study was designed to assess the effects of feeding space availability on social behavior and performance of housed crossbreed sheep through the use of three different types of feeders. Thirty-six crossbreed ewes (Santa Inês × Dorper; 2-3 years old) with initial body weight of 34.99±4.28 kg were randomly assigned to a 3 × 3 (feeder type × available space at the feeder) factorial arrangement among nine pens. Pens had one of three feeder types (concrete bunk, plastic, or wood barrel) and one of three amounts of available space in the feeder (0.33, 0.25, or 0.20 m animal−1). Total dry matter intake/pen, dry matter intake per animal, total weight gain/pen, daily weight gain/animal, and food waste were evaluated. Percentage of time spent at feeding and frequency of aggressive behaviors/12 h were recorded. We observed a higher total daily weight gain in ewes with a feeding space of 0.33 and 0.25 m animal−1. The wastes were essentially insignificant for wood feeders in all feeding space treatments. The average number of aggressive behaviors was lower (P<0.05) for animals kept in pens with feeding space of 0.33 m animal−1 than for those maintained in pens with feeding space of 0.20 and 0.25 m animal−1. Ewes with feeding space of 0.33 m animal−1 fed simultaneously 54% of the time, while among pens with feeding spaces of 0.25 or 0.20 m animal−1, this period was reduced to 41 and 30%, respectively. An available feeding space of 0.33 m animal−1 is recommended for adult housed ewes, once it favors simultaneous access, lower competitive interactions at the feeder, and less variation in terms of individual weight gain among ewes.

Uma das alternativas para a destinação de rejeito de dessalinizadores é a utilização em tanques de piscicultura e carcinocultura e posterior reúso na irrigação de culturas tolerantes a salinidade. O trabalho foi conduzido no município de Barra de Santa Rosa, PB, objetivando verificar a taxa de germinação da semente, brotação das mudas e características bromatológicas de maniçoba (Manihot glaziovii Muell Arg), erva-sal (Atriplex nummularia), flor de seda (Calotropis procera) e jureminha (Desmanthus virgatus), cultivadas e irrigadas com água excedentes de tanques de piscicultura e carcinocultura, oriundos de rejeito de dessalinizadores, com condutividade elétrica de 5.800 e 5.200 μS cm-1, respectivamente. A flor de seda e erva-sal apresentam maiores taxas de germinação (96,0%) e brotação (70,0%), respectivamente, seguidas da taxa de brotação da maniçoba (62,0%) e da jureminha (51,0%). Do total de mudas transplantadas 95,0; 93,0; 82,7 e 80,5% das plantas de flor de seda, maniçoba, atriplex e jureminha, foram viáveis, respectivamente. As forrageiras apresentaram boa taxa de brotação e germinação e propagação e boa composição bromotologica, onde a jureminha e o atriplex apresentaram teor de proteína, matéria orgânica e energia bruta de 9,4 e 17,8%; 95,0 e 76,3% e 4.295,8 e 3.575,9 cal g-1 de energia bruta, respectivamente.

One of the alternatives for the disposal of desalinization waste is its use in fishponds and shrimp production and later reuse for irrigation of crops tolerant to salinity. This work was conducted in Barra de Santa Rosa, PB, with the aim of verifying the rate of seed germination, sprouting and bromatologic characteristics of maniçoba (Manihot glaziovii Muell Arg), erva-sal (Atriplex nummularia), silk flower (Calotropis procera) and 'jureminha' (Desmanthus virgatus), cultivated and irrigated with excess water of fishponds and shrimp production, coming from desalinization waste, with electrical conductivity of 5,800 and 5,200 μS cm-1, respectively. The silk flower and salt herb had higher rates of germination (96.0%) and spouting (70.0%), respectively, followed by the rate of sprouting of maniçoba (62.0%) and jureminha (51.0 %). Of the total transplanted, 95.0, 93.0, 82.7 and 80.5% of plants of silk flower, maniçoba, atriplex and mimosa were viable, respectively. Forages had good rate of germination and sprouting and spreading, and good bromatological composition, where as 'jureminha' and atriplex presented protein content, organic matter and gross energy 9.4 and 17.8%; 95.0 and 76.3%; and 4,295.8 and 3,575.9 cal g-1 of gross energy, respectively.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da sibutramina (S) 15 mg/dia, fluoxetina (F) 60 mg/dia, e metformina (M) 1.700 mg/dia, associadas a uma dieta de 1.500 kcal/dia, na redução de parâmetros antropométricos e metabólicos. S (n= 8), F (n= 9) e M (n= 8) foram comparadas ao placebo (n= 10) em 35 pacientes obesos durante 90 dias de tratamento. As reações adversas também foram avaliadas durante o tratamento. O grupo F demonstrou uma redução no IMC (11,0%), peso (10,0%), circunferência abdominal (11,0%) e % de tecido adiposo (12,8). Também foram observados um aumento nos níveis de HDL-colesterol (25,8%) e uma redução nos níveis de triglicérides (28,3%), no grupo F. O grupo S apresentou uma redução de 7,91% na circunferência abdominal e de 9,65 na % de tecido adiposo. Já o grupo M apresentou reduções no IMC (4,03%), circunferência abdominal (6,92%), HOMA (23,5%) e pressão arterial (6,08% na sistólica, 2,08% na diastólica). Os três fármacos analisados foram bem tolerados durante o tratamento. Concluímos que a F e a S demonstraram maior eficácia na redução dos parâmetros antropométricos e metabólicos dos pacientes obesos quando comparadas à M, entretanto todas podem ser prescritas para essa finalidade, desde que sejam consideradas as características individuais dos pacientes.

The aim of this study is to assess the effects of sibutramine (S) 15 mg/day, fluoxetine (F) 60 mg/day, and metformin (M) 1,700 mg/day, as an adjunct therapy to a 1,500 kcal/day diet, in reducing anthropometric and metabolic parameters. S (n= 8), F (n= 9), and M (n= 8) were compared to placebo (n= 10) in 35 obese patients in a 90-day trial. Side effects were also studied during the treatment. The data demonstrated that F therapy resulted in a greater average reduction in BMI (11.0%), weight (10.0%), abdominal circumference (11.0%) and %fatty-tissue (12.8). An elevation in HDL-cholesterol (25.8%) and a reduction in average triglyceride levels (28.3%) were also shown. S presented a 7.91% reduction in the abdominal circumference and a 9.65 reduction in %fatty-tissue was also found. M group presented reductions in BMI (4.03%), waist circumference (6.92%), HOMA (23.5%) and blood pressure (6.08% in systolic and 2.08% in diastolic). In general, the three drugs can be considered well tolerated. We concluded that F and S demonstrated a greater mean reduction in anthropometric and metabolic parameters when compared to M, however all of them are useful for that purpose, when the subjects’ characteristics are considered.

O Conselho Federal de Farmácia tem definido, no Brasil, resoluções que proporcionam um seguimento terapêutico individualizado aos pacientes, avaliando os efeitos adversos, crônicos e agudos, bem como os riscos de um tratamento farmacológico na população em geral, ou em grupos restritos de pacientes. Estudos recentes demonstraram que a prevalência de idosos no Brasil situa-se em torno de 12%. Neste estudo foram avaliados 35 voluntários 33 mulheres e 2 homens por meio de entrevistas sobre os medicamentos utilizados e possíveis problemas relacionados aos medicamentos. Entre os principais medicamentos prescritos para uso crônico, destacam-se: anti-hipertensivos, estrógenos e progesteronas, antidepressivos e ansiolíticos. Dos 35 pacientes avaliados, 24 fazem uso de politerapia, nove utilizam monoterapia e um paciente não utiliza medicamento de forma crônica. Este trabalho além de avaliar a utilização de medicamentos nessa população específica, também buscou identificar interações inadequadas e prestar informações sobre o uso adequado de fármacos.

The Federal Council of Pharmacy has defined, in Brazil, resolutions like the identification and evaluation of the side effects, chronicle as acute; as well as the risks of pharmacological therapies all around populations or restrict groups of patients in strict medical treatment. In this country recent population data indicates 12% prevalence in the elderly. It is presented in this study the results of evaluation of 35 volunteers, 33 woman and 2 men through an open interview about medicines use and possible medicine related problem. Ordinary medication in use antihypertensive, estrogens and progesterone, antidepressants, and hypnotics. About eventual medicine, non-prescript use great frequency was in anti-inflammatories (NSAID e SAID) and fungicide. The 24 of the interviewed pacientes related chronic use of politherapy (2 a 7 pharmacies). Only 9 use just one kind of medicine and 1 has no use of medicine. This work found its objective identifying the medicines used by each patient and more than this, they were counseled about the right use of pharmacotherapy, avoiding wrong interactions and low or high doses.

O Conselho Federal de Farmácia tem definido, no Brasil, resoluções que proporcionam um seguimento terapêutico individualizado aos pacientes, avaliando os efeitos adversos, crônicos e agudos, bem como os riscos de um tratamento farmacológico na população em geral, ou em grupos restritos de pacientes. Estudos recentes demonstraram que a prevalência de idosos no Brasil situa-se em torno de 12%. Neste estudo foram avaliados 35 voluntários 33 mulheres e 2 homens por meio de entrevistas sobre os medicamentos utilizados e possíveis problemas relacionados aos medicamentos. Entre os principais medicamentos prescritos para uso crônico, destacam-se: anti-hipertensivos, estrógenos e progesteronas, antidepressivos e ansiolíticos. Dos 35 pacientes avaliados, 24 fazem uso de politerapia, nove utilizam monoterapia e um paciente não utiliza medicamento de forma crônica. Este trabalho além de avaliar a utilização de medicamentos nessa população específica, também buscou identificar interações inadequadas e prestar informações sobre o uso adequado de fármacos.

The Federal Council of Pharmacy has defined, in Brazil, resolutions like the identification and evaluation of the side effects, chronicle as acute; as well as the risks of pharmacological therapies all around populations or restrict groups of patients in strict medical treatment. In this country recent population data indicates 12% prevalence in the elderly. It is presented in this study the results of evaluation of 35 volunteers, 33 woman and 2 men through an open interview about medicines use and possible medicine related problem. Ordinary medication in use antihypertensive, estrogens and progesterone, antidepressants, and hypnotics. About eventual medicine, non-prescript use great frequency was in anti-inflammatories (NSAID e SAID) and fungicide. The 24 of the interviewed pacientes related chronic use of politherapy (2 a 7 pharmacies). Only 9 use just one kind of medicine and 1 has no use of medicine. This work found its objective identifying the medicines used by each patient and more than this, they were counseled about the right use of pharmacotherapy, avoiding wrong interactions and low or high doses.