ABSTRACT The tropical forest is extremely exploited and fragmented, making it essential to collect native seeds to meet the growing demand for its restoration and maintenance of biodiversity. Thus, the objective is to select potential forest fragments with a higher degree of conservation for seed harvesting, through the use and association of landscape ecology with fuzzy logic. The study was carried out in the watershed of the Itapemirim river. The stages of selection and photointerpretation of the images were carried out; error determination; application of landscape ecology metric indices; application of fuzzy logic in a computational application and validation of the methodology in loco. 7,515 forest fragments were determined, corresponding to 19.21% of the study area, with 89.53% of hits. Fragments smaller than 5 ha are the most fragile and are at risk of extinction, while those larger than 300 ha have a lower risk of extinction, even with the increase in the edge. With the application of fuzzy logic, the mean was between 0.15, standard deviation of 0.24 and the coefficient of variation at 161.73%. Scenario 1 (FLONA of Pacotuba), has 10.25% of families, 25.92% of genera and 33.62% of species more than Scenario 2 (PEAMA Ifes Campus of Alegre), among the identified individuals. The association of landscape ecology techniques and fuzzy logic made it possible to identify fragments with a higher degree of conservation, with potential for harvesting forest seeds.

RESUMO A floresta tropical é extremamente explorada e fragmentada, sendo imprescindível a coleta de sementes nativas, a fim de atender a crescente demanda para sua restauração e manutenção da biodiversidade. Dessa forma, objetiva-se selecionar fragmentos florestais potenciais com maior grau de conservação para a colheita de sementes, via utilização e associação da ecologia da paisagem à lógica Fuzzy. O estudo foi realizado na bacia hidrográfica do rio Itapemirim. Foram realizadas as etapas de seleção e fotointerpretação das imagens; determinação do erro; aplicação dos índices métricos de ecologia da paisagem; aplicação da lógica Fuzzy em aplicativo computacional e validação da metodologia in loco. Foram determinados 7.515 fragmentos florestais, correspondendo a 19,21% da área de estudo, com 89,53% de acertos. Os fragmentos menores que 5 ha são os mais frágeis e possuem risco de extinção, enquanto os maiores que 300 ha possuem menor risco de extinção, mesmo com o aumento da borda. Com a aplicação da lógica Fuzzy, a média ficou entre 0,15, desvio padrão de 0,24 e o coeficiente de variação em 161,73 %. O Cenário 1 (FLONA de Pacotuba) possui 10,25% de famílias, 25,92 % de gêneros e 33,62% de espécies a mais que o Cenário 2 (PEAMA Ifes Campus de Alegre), entre os indivíduos identificados. A associação das técnicas de ecologia da paisagem e lógica Fuzzy possibilitou identificar os fragmentos em maior grau de conservação, com potencial para colheita de sementes florestais.

Abstract This study evaluated dental students’ perceptions and adherence to an interactive web-based response system in the teaching of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. Between 2018 and 2019, students from a single Brazilian dental school used the Poll Everywhere® app to answer questions on subjects taught during an Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology course. At the end of the academic semester, the students completed a questionnaire containing 10 questions regarding the app’s use. The study included 123 students. Regarding the devices used to answer the questions on the app, 117 (95.1%) students used a smartphone and 3 (2.4%) used a laptop. Almost all students (121; 98.4%) agreed that this interactive web-based response system provided the teacher with a better overview of students’ understanding and improved their self-assessment of the acquired knowledge of the subjects. Most students (118; 95.9%) preferred classes using this technology and 122 (99.2%) stated that using the app made them feel more engaged in classes. In addition, all students agreed that the app improved student–teacher interactions. Most students (119; 96.7%) considered the digital interactive method more attractive than the conventional teaching approach, and 99 (80.5%) did not have any negative comments regarding the app. In conclusion, the Poll Everywhere® app provides a more dynamic and attractive educational environment for Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology teaching.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness of patients using bisphosphonates (BP) regarding their risks and benefits. Sixty-five patients using BP were included. Each participant completed a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 13 questions, including sociodemographic and general information on BP. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and a binomial test was used to assess patient knowledge about BP, considering a 5% significance level. Fifty-nine (90.2%) patients were unaware or had never heard of BP drugs and only 3 (4.6%) knew their indications. Only 6 patients (9.2%) said they knew about the oral complications caused by BP. Sixty-three patients (96.9%) said they were not referred to the dentist before starting BP treatment. Patients using BP do not have satisfactory knowledge regarding the risks and benefits of BP. Physicians and dentists must be prepared to inform and counsel BP users about their adverse effects and possible risk factors. Our results emphasize the importance of public policies, whether individual or collective, to be taken to increase knowledge about BP to avoid medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Resumen Introducción y objetivo: Los laboratorios de patología oral de las universidades han tratado de caracterizar y cuantificar la prevalencia de las lesiones que se obtienen en las biopsias, de modo que sea posible establecer el perfil de los casos a partir de la recopilación de estos servicios. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los diagnósticos histológicos de biopsias solicitados por profesionales y servicios establecidos ubicados en la región agreste del estado de Pernambuco al laboratorio de patología oral de la UFPE. Materiales y métodos: Este fue un estudio retrospectivo que analizó todos los archivos de solicitud de exámenes patológicos y sus respectivos informes emitidos por el Laboratorio de Patología Oral de la Universidad Federal de Pernambuco de 17 años, del marzo de 2000 al marzo de 2017. Resultados: De los 6000 registros clínicos, el 11,4% provino de la mesorregión agreste de Pernambucano. El 42% de estas piezas provienen de la ciudad de Caruaru, siendo los procesos proliferativos no neoplásicos el grupo de lesiones más frecuente (43,9%), seguido por el grupo de patología inflamatoria de las glándulas salivales (12%) y el grupo de lesiones com potencial de cancerización (7,3%). Las mujeres fueron las más afectadas en el 64,7% de los casos, con una edad media de 45 años. Conclusión: La mesorregión agreste de Pernambuco carece de laboratorios especializados en el diagnóstico histológico de lesiones orales. En la muestra estudiada, las mujeres y los procesos proliferativos no neoplásicos fueron los más prevalentes.

Abstract Introduction and Objective: The oral pathology laboratories of universities have sought to characterize and quantify the prevalence of lesions that are obtained on biopsies, in aim to analyze the histological diagnoses of biopsies requested by established professionals and services located in agreste region of Pernambuco state demanded by the oral pathology laboratory of UFPE. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study that analyzed all the request files for pathological exams and their respective reports issued by the Oral Pathology Laboratory of the Federal University of Pernambuco from 17 years - March 2000 to March 2017. Results: Of the 6000 clinical records, 11.4% came from the agreste mesoregion from Pernambuco. 42% of these pieces came from Caruaru, with non-neoplastic proliferative processes being the most frequent lesion group (43.9%), followed by the salivary glands inflammatory pathology group (12%) and cancerous lesions group (7.3%). Females were the most affected in 64.7% of cases, with a mean age of 45 years. Conclusion: The agreste mesoregion of Pernambuco lacks specialized laboratories in the histological diagnosis of oral lesions. In the sample studied, women and non-neoplastic proliferative processes were the most prevalent.

Resumo Introdução e Objetivos: Os laboratórios de patologia oral de universidades têm procurado caracterizar e quantificar a prevalência de lesões que são obtidas nas biópsias, para que assim, seja possível estabelecer o perfil dos casos do acervo deste serviços. O presente trabalho objetivou analisar os diagnósticos histológicos de biópsias solicitados por profissionais estabelecidos e serviços localizados na região do agreste meridional do estado de Pernambuco ao laboratório de patologia oral da UFPE. Materiais e métodos: Tratou-se um estudo retrospectivo em que foram analisadas todas as fichas de requisição de exames anatomopatológicos e seus respectivos laudos emitidos pelo Laboratório de Patologia Oral da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco no período de 17 anos - março de 2000 a março de 2017. Resultados: Das 6000 fichas clínicas, 11,4% provieram da mesorregião do Agreste Pernambucano. 42% destas peças foram provenientes da cidade Caruaru, sendo os processos proliferativos não neoplásicos o grupo de lesão mais frequente (43,9%), seguido pelo grupo de patologia inflamatória das glândulas salivares (12%) e lesões cancerizáveis (7,3%). O sexo feminino foi o mais afetado em 64,7% dos casos, com média de idade dos pacientes de 45 anos. Conclusão: A mesorregião agreste de Pernambuco carece de laboratórios especializados no diagnóstico histológico de lesões orais. Na amostra estudada, mulheres e processos proliferativos não neoplásicos foram os mais prevalentes.

Resumo Temos adaptado para o formato 3D para celular um antigo vídeo encenado pelo ator Luís Otávio Burnier. Utilizamos como visualizador uma versão própria do estereoscópio de Brewster e reivindicamos o uso correto do nome do aparelho. Para edição escolhemos o software Blender, cuja plataforma é livre. Com ele conseguimos corrigir erros ocasionados pelo aparato de filmagem. Atingimos um vídeo de boa qualidade em relação ao efeito de 3D, que pode ser facilmente observado por qualquer pessoa usando um estereoscópio comercial ou o que apresentamos.

Abstract We adapted for the 3D mobile format an old video performed by the actor Luís Otávio Burnier and claim on the proper name of the Brewster stereoscope. The software we chose for editing was Blender, whose platform is free and with whom we can correct errors caused by the filming device. We achieved an excellent 3D effect which can be easily observed through a commercial stereoscope or with the one we present.

RESUMO O Babaçu (Orbignya sp) é uma planta lignocelulósica, disponível em larga escala no norte-nordeste do Brasil, que vem despontado como uma boa fonte de biomateriais, sendo utilizados em vários estudos como adsorventes. Diante disso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um estudo prospectivo do uso de subprodutos do babaçu (endocarpo, mesocarpo, epicarpo e carvão ativado) como um material com excelentes propriedades adsortivas, em potencial, para moléculas inorgânicas e orgânicas.O estudo foi realizado através de uma revisão de literatura (artigos e patentes), no intervalo temporal de julho de 2015 a fevereiro de 2018. As bases de dados utilizadas foram: Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial do Brasil, World Intellectual Property Organization, European Patent Office, United States Patent and Trademark Office e Patentes públicas da América latina e Espanha, para busca de patentes; e Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science e Scientific Electronic Library Online, para os artigos. A partir da análise criteriosa do levantamento bibliográfico foram selecionados 18 artigos científicos e 1 patente, sobre o tema. Dentre os quais o mesocarpo, epicarpo (naturais e modificados) e o carvão ativado do babaçu foram substratos de adsorção bastante eficientes. Onde os resultados foram satisfatórios, de modo que o babaçu desponta como um bom adsorvente e de baixo custo, sendo assim um biomaterial de qualidade e acessível.

ABSTRACT Babaçu (Orbignya sp) is a lignocellulosic plant, available in large scale in the north-northeast of Brazil, which has been emerging as a good source of biomaterials, being used in several studies as adsorbents. The objective of this study was to prospectively study the use of babaçu by-products (endocarp, mesocarp, epicarp and activated carbon) as a material with the exception of potential adsorptive target species for inorganic and organic molecules. was carried out through a literature review (article and patents), in the time period of July 2015 and February 2018. The databases used were: National Institute of Industrial Property of Brazil, World Intellectual Property Organization, Patents, Patent and Trademark Office of the United States of America and Spain for Patent Search; and Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Scientific Electronic Library Online, for articles. From the careful analysis of the bibliographical survey, 18 scientific papers and 1 patent on the subject were selected. Among them, the mesocarp, epicarp (natural and modified) and the activated charcoal of babassu were very efficient adsorption substrates. The results were satisfactory, so that babassu was shown as a good indicator of cost and benefit, thus being a quality and accessible biomaterial.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Only a few studies have evaluated the clinicopathological features of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in Brazil, and most were conducted in the most industrialized region of the country, i.e. the southeastern region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological features of this malignant neoplasm in northeastern Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study performed in an oral pathology laboratory in Recife, Brazil. METHODS: All cases of oral SCC that occurred between 2000 and 2015 were studied. Clinical data were recorded and histological slides were reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test (P ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: A total of 194 cases were evaluated. The male-to-female ratio was 1.5:1. The mean age was 65.4 years, and only 6.6% of the cases occurred in patients younger than 41 years. Most tumors consisted of well-differentiated SCC (54.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study highlight the higher prevalence of oral SCC among women and the increasing number of cases among young patients. Thus there is no specific risk group for oral SCC, as in the past. This fact needs to be taken into consideration in clinical routine care, so that apparently innocuous malignant lesions do not go unnoticed in these individuals.

Se da el primer registro de la ocurrencia de Argentoleon irrigatus en el estado de Minas Gerais, a partir de tres especímenes recolectados en la Mata do Baú, municipio de Barroso, MG, Brasil, ampliando así el conocimiento de la distribución geográfica de esta especie de Myrmeleontidae para el Brasil.

Report of the first record of occurrence of Argentoleon irrigatus in the state of Minas Gerais, from three specimens collected in the Mata do Baú, municipality of Barroso, MG, Brazil. Thus, knowledge of the geographic distribution of this species of Myrmeleontidae in Brazil is increased.

Los efectos de seis plaguicidas aplicados al cultivo de café sobre los huevos y etapas de desarrollo posteriores de Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), fueron evaluados bajo condiciones de laboratorio. Los plaguicidas y el agua (control) fueron aplicados en los huevos usando una torre de Potter. Después de la aplicación, cuarenta huevos por tratamiento fueron individualizados en tubos de vidrio y mantenidos en cámara bioclimática, con el objetivo de verificar las posibles anormalidades en el desarrollo de este depredador. Los tratamientos mostraron diferencias significativas para la viabilidad de los huevos y la supervivencia del primer instar larval. Chlorpyrifos, azufre y oxicloruro de cobre redujeron la viabilidad de los huevos tratados, mientras que el azufre y el betacyfluthrin redujeron la supervivencia del primer instar larval. Endosulfán y azociclotin redujo la oviposición diaria de esta especie crisopa. Los productos inocuos (Clase 1, E < 30%), pueden recomendarse para su uso en programas integrados de manejo de plagas en los cultivos de café, a fin de preservar este depredador.

The effects of six pesticides applied to the coffee crop on eggs and their consequences on the subsequent developmental stages of Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) were evaluated under laboratory conditions. The pesticides and water (control) were sprayed on eggs using a Potter's tower. After spraying, forty eggs per treatment were individualized in glass tubes and maintained in a climatic chamber, in order to evaluate immature development of this predator. The treatments showed significant differences for egg viability and survival of first-instar larvae. Chlorpyrifos, sulphur and copper oxichlorate reduced the treated egg viability, whereas both sulphur and betacyfluthrin reduced the survival of first-instar larvae. Endosulphan and azociclotin reduced the daily oviposition of this green lacewing species. The harmless products (Class 1, E < 30%), can be recommended for use in integrated pest management programs in coffee crops, in order to preserve this predator.

Em época de escassez de néctar, pode-se fornecer ao enxame uma suplementação alimentar utilizando "açúcar invertido" que é obtido pela hidrólise da sacarose em meio ácido por aquecimento, formando uma mistura de glicose e frutose. O ácido normalmente utilizado em tal reação é o ácido cítrico, no entanto, diante da dificuldade de pequenos produtores apícolas em obterem tal produto comercialmente, uma alternativa seria substituí-lo pela utilização de suco de limões. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a inversão da sacarose em dietas para operárias de Apis mellifera, empregando-se o ácido cítrico e sucos de limões. Prepararam-se 21 soluções aquosas de açúcar cristal na proporção de 100 g/100 mL, colocando-se em cada uma 1,0; 2,0; 3,0; 5,0; 10,0; 15,0 ou 20,0 mL de suco dos limões Galego [Citrus aurantifolia (C.) Swingle], Tahiti [Citrus latifolia Tanaka] ou Cravo [Citrus limonia (L.) Osbeck]. Além dessas, outras seis soluções aquosas de açúcar na mesma proporção foram preparadas adicionando-se 0,1; 0,16; 0,3; 0,5 e 0,7 g de ácido cítrico e uma para testemunha. Quantificou-se a inversão pelo método de Somogyi-Nelson. Para o limão Cravo foi encontrada a menor porcentagem de inversão. Em relação a adição de ácido cítrico, constatou-se que ao colocar 0,1 g, a inversão foi estimada em 12,2% enquanto que, com a adição de 0,16 g, a inversão seria de 18,8%. A quantidade máxima de ácido cítrico a ser adicionada foi estimada em 0,18 g adotando como critério o pH médio de 3,3 dos méis de abelhas africanizadas. Para os sucos dos limões Galego, Tahiti e Cravo, quando utilizados como substitutos do ácido cítrico, estimou-se a quantidade máxima a ser adicionada sendo igual a 2,1; 3,6 e 5,3 mL, respectivamente, para cada 100 g de açúcar em 100 mL de água, para o pH fixado em 3,3. Considerando-se a inversão e o pH, o suco do limão Tahiti forneceu melhores resultados.

In times of nectar shortage, food supplementation using "inverted sugar" obtained by sucrose hydrolysis in an acid environment by heating can be supplied to the hive, forming a glucose and fructose mixture. The acid usually used in such a reaction is the citric acid, however, due to the difficulty that small producers have to obtain the product commercially, an alternative would be to replace it with lemon juice. The objective of this work was to quantify the inversion of sucrose present in Apis mellifera worker diets by employing commercial citric acid and lemon juice. A total of 21 aqueous solutions of granulated sugar at the proportion of 100 g/100 mL were prepared, placing in each one 1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 5.0; 10.0; 15.0 or 20.0 mL of the juices of the Galego [Citrus aurantifolia (C.) Swingle], Tahiti [Citrus latifolia Tanaka] or Cravo [Citrus limonia (L.) Osbeck] lemon varieties. In addition to those, six other aqueous sucrose solutions were prepared by adding 0.0 (control); 0.16; 0.3; 0.5 and 0.7 g citric acid. Sucrose inversion was quantified by using the Somogyi-Nelson method. For the Cravo lemon, the lowest inversion rate was found. Regarding the addition of citric acid, it was estimated that in placing 0.1 g, the inversion was of 12.2% while with 0.16 g, an inversion of 18.8% sucrose present in the solution. The maximum amount of citric acid to be added was estimated to be 0.18 g, adopting as a criterion the mean pH of 3.3 in Africanized bee honey. If Galego, Tahiti and Cravo lemon juices are used as replacements for the citric acid, the maximum added amount should be 2.1, 3.6 and 5.3 mL, respectively, for each 100 g sugar/100 mL water, at fixed pH of 3.3. Considering the inversion rate and pH level recommended for the use of citric acid, Tahiti lemon juice provides better results.

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o efeito de treze acaricidas sobre ovos e adultos de Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen, 1861). Os acaricidas foram pulverizados por meio de torre de Potter, nas concentrações recomendadas para o controle de ácaros na cultura dos citros. Os ensaios foram conduzidos sob condições controladas de 25 ± 2º C, umidade relativa de 70 ± 10% e fotofase de 12 horas. Os acaricidas não foram tóxicos ao predador em sua fase de ovo. Em relação aos adultos, o carbosulfan e o triazophos foram altamente tóxicos (100% de mortalidade), enquanto que os piretróides bifenthrin e fenpropathrin causaram mortalidade aproximadamente de 60%. Os acaricidas dicofol, bromopropylate, tetradifon, clofentezine, abamectin, hexythiazox, cyhexatin e óxido de fenbutatin não provocaram mortalidade dos adultos de C. cubana. Flufenoxuron inibiu a capacidade de oviposição e provocou a inviabilização dos ovos. Baseando-se na escala da IOBC, os acaricidas carbosulfan, triazophos e flufenoxuron foram enquadrados na classe 4 = nocivos; bifenthrin e fenpropathrin na classe 2 = levemente nocivos, e dicofol, bromopropylate, tetradifon, clofentezine, abamectin, hexythiazox, cyhexatin e óxido de fenbutatin na classe 1 = inócuos a C. cubana. Os compostos enquadrados na classe 1 podem ser recomendados em programas de manejo integrado de pragas de citros objetivando a integração entre os métodos químico e biológico por meio dessa espécie de predador.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of thirteen acaricides on eggs and adults of the lacewing Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen, 1861). The acaricides were sprayed using a Potter's tower at the rate recommended for mite control in citrus orchard. The trials were performed in climatic chamber at 25 ± 2º C, 70 ± 10% RH and photophase of 12 hours. The egg stage showed high tolerance to the tested acaricides. Carbosulfan and triazophos caused 100% adult mortality, whereas bifenthrin and fenpropathrin caused around 60%. All other acaricides, dicofol, bromopropylate, tetradifon, clofentezine, abamectin, hexythiazox, cyhexatin and fenibutatin oxide did not cause mortality of C. cubana adult. Flufenoxuron reduced adult egg laying and all eggs were nonviable. According to IOBC scale, the acaricides carbosulfan, triazophos and flufenoxuron were classified into class 4 = harmful; bifenthrin and fenpropathrin into class 2 = slightly toxic; and dicofol, clofentezine, abamectin, hexythiazox, cyhexatin, and fenbutatin oxide into class 1 = harmless to C. cubana. The compounds classified as first class may be recommended in programs of integrated pest management of citrus aiming at the integration between the biological and chemical control through this kind of predator.

Estudos de tabelas de vida de insetos-praga em diferentes temperaturas auxiliam na compreensão da dinâmica populacional desses organismos. Objetivou-se calcular tabelas de esperança de vida e de fertilidade de Myzus persicae criado em pimentão Capsicum annuum, em diferentes condições térmicas. O estudo foi realizado em câmaras climatizadas, nas temperaturas de 15, 20, 25 e 30 ºC, UR de 70±10% e fotofase de 12 horas, e em casa de vegetação em temperaturas oscilantes, com média de 24,9 ºC e UR de 68,1%. A longevidade máxima de adultos de M. persicae foi maior a 15 ºC (45 dias) e diminuiu a 20 ºC (39 dias), 25 ºC (27 dias), 30 ºC (24 dias) e, em casa de vegetação a 24,9 ºC foi de 29,5 dias. A esperança de vida (ex) no primeiro dia de observação foi de 43,76; 35,39; 21,44; 17,67 e 17,03 dias, para as ninfas mantidas a 15, 20, 25, 30 e 24,9 ºC respectivamente, tendo a partir daí uma queda acentuada até o fim das observações. Os parâmetros de tabelas de vida e de fertilidade evidenciaram que a temperatura de 25 ºC proporcionou a melhor condição térmica para o crescimento populacional de M. persicae, com maior capacidade de aumentar em número (r m = 0,31) e menor tempo necessário para a população duplicar (TD=2,22 dias). Em casa de vegetação a oscilação térmica afetou o crescimento populacional, proporcionando menor valor de r m (0,28) e maior TD (2,47 dias), comparados àqueles mantidos à temperatura constante equivalente.

Life table studies of insect pests in different temperatures aid in comprehension on the population dynamics of these organisms. In this study, fertility and life expectancy tables were built for the green peach aphid Myzus persicae reared on pepper Capsicum annuum under different thermal conditions. In laboratory, the study was carried out at 15, 20, 25, and 30 ºC, 70±10% RH and 12 h photophase, and in greenhouse at oscillating temperature with average of 24.9 ºC and 68.1% RH. The longest M. persicae longevity was at 15 ºC (45 days), decreasing at 20 ºC (39 days), 25 ºC (27 days) and 30 ºC (24 days). Under greenhouse condition at 24.9 ºC, the longevity was 29.5 days. The life expectations (e x) in the first day of observation were 43.76; 35.39; 21.44; 17.67 and 17.03 days for the nymphs maintained at 15, 20, 25, 30, and 24.9 ºC, respectively. From this point on, the e x decreased until the end of the observations. The fertility life table parameters, on a day time scale, indicated that the temperature of 25 ºC provided the best thermal conditions for the growth of M. persicae, with the highest intrinsic rate of natural increase (r m = 0.31) and the shortest time needed for the population to double in size (TD = 2.22 days). The temperature variation in greenhouse affected the aphid population growth, with a low r m value (0.28) and a long TD (2.47), compared to those maintained at 25 ºC.

OBJECTIVE: Immunosuppressed patients are at risk of microsporidiosis, and this parasitosis has an increased rate of dissemination in this population. Our objective was to evaluate the presence of microsporidiosis and other intestinal parasites in rheumatic disease patients undergoing anti-tumor necrosis factor/disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug treatment. METHODS: Ninety-eight patients (47 with rheumatoid arthritis, 31 with ankylosing spondylitis and 11 with psoriatic arthritis) and 92 healthy control patients were enrolled in the study. Three stool samples and cultures were collected from each subject. RESULTS: The frequency of microsporidia was significantly higher in rheumatic disease patients than in control subjects (36 vs. 4%, respectively; p<0.0001), as well as in those with rheumatic diseases (32 vs. 4%, respectively; p<0.0001), ankylosing spondylitis (45 vs. 4%, respectively; p<0.0001) and psoriatic arthritis (40 vs. 4%, respectively; p<0.0001), despite a similar social-economic class distribution in both the patient and control groups (p = 0.1153). Of note, concomitant fecal leukocytes were observed in the majority of the microsporidia-positive patients (79.5%). Approximately 80% of the patients had gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea (26%), abdominal pain (31%) and weight loss (5%), although the frequencies of these symptoms were comparable in patients with and without this infection (p>0.05). Rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis disease activity parameters were comparable in both groups (p>0.05). The duration of anti-tumor necrosis factor/disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and glucocorticoid use were also similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: We have documented that microsporidiosis with intestinal mucosa disruption is frequent in patients undergoing concomitant anti-tumor necrosis factor/disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug therapy. Impaired host defenses due to the combination of the underlying disease and the immunosuppressive therapy is the most likely explanation for this finding, and this increased susceptibility reinforces the need for the investigation of microsporidia and implementation of treatment strategies in this population.

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho avaliar os efeitos de alguns fungicidas protetores utilizados na cultura de pepino sobre o pulgão Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em condições controladas (Temp.: 25±2º C; UR: 70±10% e fotofase de 12 h). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso com quatro tratamentos (fungicidas e testemunha) e 45 repetições, sendo cada parcela composta por um indivíduo. Os fungicidas utilizados e suas respectivas dosagens em g i.a.L-1, foram: enxofre 800 PM (1,6), mancozebe 800 PM (1,6) e oxicloreto de cobre 840 PM (1,49). A testemunha foi composta por água destilada. Todos os produtos avaliados não influenciaram na duração em dias da fase ninfal e adulta, períodos pré-reprodutivos e reprodutivos de A. gossypii. Houve efeito do enxofre e do oxicloreto de cobre sobre o período pós-reprodutivo desse pulgão, constatando-se um período 4,5 vezes superior àquele da testemunha e mancozebe. A fecundidade foi influenciada pelos fungicidas testados, ocorrendo aumento de 1,25 vezes na produção total de ninfas, sendo então os fungicidas testados favoráveis ao inseto.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the toxic effects of some protecting fungicides used in cucumber crop on the aphid Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877. The experiments were conducted in controlled conditions (Temp.: 25±2º C; RH: 70±10% and 12 h photophase). The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments (fungicides and control) and 45 replicates, each plot comprised of one individual. The used fungicides and their respective dosages in g a.i. L-1 were: sulfur 800 PM (1.6), mancozeb 800 PM (1.6) and copper oxichloride 840 PM (1.49). The control was composed of water. None of the tested products influenced the duration in days of the nymphal and adult phases, or the pre-reproductive and reproductive periods of A. gossypii. Sulfur and copper oxichloride affected the post-reproductive period of the aphid, which showed a period 4.5 times longer than that of the control and mancozeb. Fecundity was influenced by the tested fungicides, with a 1.25 fold increase in the total production of nymphs, so that tested fungicides were favorable to the insect.

Os crisopídeos são encontrados em agroecossistema cafeeiro alimentando-se de várias pragas. Objetivou-se avaliar a seletividade de acaricidas utilizados na cafeeiculta sobre a biologia de Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861). Os tratamentos foram: testemunha (água), espirodiclofeno (0,12 g i.a./L), fenpropatrina (0,15 e 0,30 g i.a./L), enxofre (4,0 e 8,0 g i.a./L) e abamectina (0,0067 e 0,0225 g i.a./L). Pulverizaram-se os produtos sobre larvas de primeiro, segundo e terceiro instares de C. externa por meio da torre de Potter. Avaliaram-se a duração do instar, sobrevivência das larvas e pupas e viabilidade dos ovos produzidos pelos adultos provenientes das larvas tratadas. Os produtos foram classificados em classes de toxicidade. Fenpropatrina foi nocivo e espirodiclofeno e abamectina foram moderadamente nocivos, necessitando de novos estudos em condições de casa de vegetação e campo para confirmação ou não de suas toxicidades. Em função da baixa toxicidade apresentada pelo enxofre ao predador C. externa, pode ser recomendado em programas de manejo de pragas do cafeeiro visando compatibilizar os métodos químico e biológico por meio dessa espécie de crisopídeo.

Green lacewings are commonly found in coffee agroecosystems feeding on several pests of economic importance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of acaricides used in coffee crop to Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861). The treatments consisted of control (water), spirodiclofen (0.12 g a.i./L), fenpropathrin (0.15 and 0.30 g a.i./L), sulphur (4.0 and 8.0 g a.i./L) and abamectin (0.0067 and 0.0225 g a.i./L). The products were sprayed directly on first, second and third-instar larvae of C. externa, using a Potter spray tower. Duration of instar, survival of larvae and pupae and viability of eggs produced by the adults emerged from the treated larvae were evaluated. The pesticides were classified into toxicity classes. Fenpropathrin was toxic and spirodiclofen and abamectin were moderately toxic, requiring further studies under greenhouse and field conditions to confirm or not their toxicities. Because of the low toxicity of sulphur to the predator C. externa, it can be recommended for coffee pest management programs in order to combine chemical and biological control using this Chrysopidae species.