ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this narrative review is to discuss the current state of research funding in Brazil. Materials and Methods: This study is based on the most recent edition of the course Funding for Research and Innovation in the University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine which was a three-day course with 12 hours of instruction. The course brought together leading experts in the field to comprehensively discuss the current state of research funding in Brazil. Each speaker provided a presentation on a specific topic related to research funding. After the workshop, speakers assembled relevant topics in this manuscript. Results: collaborative research is critical for securing research funding. It optimizes proposal competitiveness, amplifies societal impact, and manages risks effectively. As such, fostering and supporting these collaborations is paramount for both researchers and funding agencies. To maintain the highest integrity in research, investigators involved in these collaborations must disclose any relationships that could potentially influence the outcomes or interpretation of their projects. Conclusions: In Brazil, the mainstay of research funding stems from public entities, with agencies such as CNPq, CAPES, and state bodies like FAPESP, FAPERJ, FAPEMIG and others at the forefront. Concurrently, industry funding offers viable pathways, especially through industry-sponsored studies, investigator-led projects, and collaborative initiatives. The Brazilian funding landscape is further enriched by innovative platforms, including crowdfunding and the contributions of institutions like the Serrapilheira Institute. Internationally, esteemed organizations such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation stand out as potential funders. Objective Brazil Methods threeday three day 1 instruction workshop manuscript Results competitiveness impact effectively projects Conclusions entities CNPq CAPES FAPESP FAPERJ forefront Concurrently pathways industrysponsored sponsored studies investigatorled investigator led initiatives platforms Institute Internationally NIH (NIH funders

Resumo A preocupação sobre aspectos bioéticos da privacidade do indivíduo e da privacidade dos dados de seus atendimentos é crescente no meio médico. Processos propedêuticos e terapêuticos atuais requerem envolvimento multidisciplinar de uma série de indivíduos, especialmente em se tratando de internações hospitalares. A transmissão e o armazenamento das informações clínicas e laboratoriais dos pacientes envolvem diferentes mídias, com problemas inerentes de acessibilidade e proteção da informação. Os autores sugerem situações hipotéticas que exemplificam problemas comumente abordados na atuação de comitê de bioética clínica, contextualizando-os no Brasil e no mundo, e sugerindo passos para minimizar potenciais problemas de quebra de privacidade e confidencialidade.

Abstract Concerns regarding the bioethical aspects of the privacy of the individual and the confidentiality of their medical treatment data is increasing in the medical community. The current preliminary clinical and therapeutic processes require the multidisciplinary involvement of a number of individuals, especially in the case of hospitalization. The transmission and storage of clinical and laboratory patient information involves different media, with inherent problems of accessibility and protection of information. The authors describe hypothetical situations that exemplify issues commonly addressed in the work of a clinical bioethics committee, contextualizing these problems in Brazil and globally, and suggest steps to minimize potential problems of the breaching of privacy and confidentiality.

Resumen La preocupación sobre los aspectos bioéticos de la privacidad del individuo y de la confidencialidad de los datos de su asistencia está aumentando en la comunidad médica. Los actuales procesos clínicos y terapéuticos requieren la participación multidisciplinar de una serie de personas, especialmente en el caso de las internaciones hospitalarias. La transmisión y el almacenamiento de informaciones clínicas y de laboratorio de los pacientes implican diferentes canales de comunicación, con los problemas inherentes de accesibilidad y protección de la información. Los autores aluden a situaciones hipotéticas que ejemplifican problemas comúnmente tratados en el desempeño de un comité de bioética clínica, contextualizándolos en Brasil y en el mundo, y sugiriendo medidas para minimizar los posibles problemas de violación de la privacidad y de la confidencialidad.

A obesidade mórbida é uma condição clínica que afeta a capacidade funcional, sendo a musculatura respiratória igualmente comprometida. Objetivou-se avaliar a força muscular inspiratória e expiratória de mulheres obesas mórbidas (MO) e eutróficas (ME). Estudo transversal com amostra composta por 21 mulheres (14 MO e 7 ME), pareadas pela idade e altura. A avaliação da força muscular inspiratória e expiratória foi realizada por meio da verificação das pressões inspiratória e expiratória por manovacuometria. Quando comparadas as pressões respiratórias estáticas máximas obtidas com os valores preditos para ME e MO, constata-se que as do primeiro grupo apresentam valores de P Imáx=119,14±1,9 cmH2O (152% do predito) e P Emáx=141,1±10,2 cmH2O (98,5% do predito) dentro dos limites de normalidade ou acima, enquanto no grupo de obesas mórbidas os valores de P Imáx=66±18,7 cmH2O (84,3% do predito) e P Emáx=78,4±14,2 cmH2O (54,3% do predito) foram inferiores aos preditos. Comparando-se as pressões respiratórias estáticas máximas obtidas de MO com ME, observa-se diferença significativa tanto para os valores de P Imáx (66±18,7 versus 119±1,9 cmH2O) como P Emáx (78,4±14,2 versus 141,14±10,20) com significância estatística de 0,001. Conclui-se que a força muscular respiratória é marcadamente diminuída em MO, quando comparadas a ME.

The morbid obesity is a clinical condition that affects functional capacity, and the respiratory muscles are also impaired. This study aimed to evaluate the inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength of morbidly obese women (OW) and eutrophic women (EW). Cross-sectional study, whose sample was composed by 21 women (14 OW and 7 EW) paired by age and height. Inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength evaluation was carried out by means of maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure recordings (MIP and MEP, respectively) using manovacuometry. When comparing the maximal static respiratory pressures with predicted values for OW and EW, we observed that EW presented values of MIP=119.14±1.9 cmH2O (152% of predicted value) and MEP=141.1±10.2 cmH2O (98.5% of predicted value) within or above normal limits, while in OW group, MIP=66±18.7 cmH2O (84.3% of predicted value) and MEP=78.4±14.2 cmH2O (54.3% of predicted value) were lower than the predicted values. When comparing maximal static respiratory pressures of OW and EW, we observed a significant difference for MIP (66±18.7 versus 119±1.9 cmH2O) and MEP=78.4±14.2 versus 141.14±10.20) with statistical significance of 0.001. We conclude that respiratory muscle strength is notably decreased in OW when compared to EW.

Descrição de um caso de necrose maciça da medula espinhal por vacinação antirrábica. A doença caracterizou-se por paralisia de tipo ascendente e hipertermia. As investigações histológicas revelaram, na medula espinhal, extensas áreas de necrose, hemorragias, zonas de desmielinização, infiltrados linfocitários, além de infiltrados linfocitários no bulbo e nas meninges. A neuralergia explicaria o mecanismo patogênico e a distribuição da rede arterial condicionaria a topografia das lesões.

Acase of acute necrosis of the spinal cord after antirabic vaccination s reported. The clinical course was characterized by Landry's ascending jaralysis and hyperthermia. The histopathological examination showed exensive necrotic areas, demyelinated zone, haemorragic and lymphocytic nfiltrates in the spinal cord; in the medulla and meninges there were ymphocytic infitrates. Neuroallergy would explain the pathogenic mechalism and the arterial distribution the lesion's topography.