ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Multimorbidity can influence intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and deaths due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19). OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between multimorbidity, ICU admissions, and deaths due to COVID-19 in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) due to COVID-19 recorded in the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Gripe) in 2020. METHODS: Descriptive and stratified analyses of multimorbidity were performed based on sociodemographic, ventilatory support, and diagnostic variables. Poisson regression was used to estimate the prevalence ratios. RESULTS: We identified 671,593 cases of SARS caused by COVID-19, of which 62.4% had at least one morbidity. Multimorbidity was associated with male sex, age 60–70 and ≥ 80 years, brown and black skin color, elementary education and high school, ventilatory support, and altered radiologic exams. Moreover, all regions of the country and altered computed tomography due to COVID-19 or other diseases were associated with death; only the northeast region and higher education were associated with ICU admission. CONCLUSION: Our results showed an association between multimorbidity, ICU admission, and death in COVID-19 patients in Brazil.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the clonidine infusion rate in the first 6 h, as maintenance dose (first 24 h), and in the pre-extubation period (last 24 h), as well as the cumulative dose of other sedatives and the hemodynamic response. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study. RESULTS: Children up to the age of 2 years who were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary referral hospital in the south region of Brazil, between January 2017 and December 2018, were submitted to mechanical ventilation, and received continuous clonidine infusions were included in the study. The initial, maintenance, and pre-extubation doses of clonidine; the vasoactive-inotropic score; heart rate; and systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the study participants were assessed. A total of 66 patients with a median age of 4 months who were receiving clonidine infusions were included. The main indications for mechanical ventilation were acute viral bronchiolitis (56%) and pneumonia associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (15%). The median of clonidine infusion in the first 6 h (66 patients) was 0.53 μg/kg/h (IQR 0.49–0.88), followed by 0.85 μg/kg/h (IQR 0.53–1.03) during maintenance (57 patients) and 0.63 μg/kg/h (IQR 0.54–1.01) during extubation period (42 patients) (p=0.03). No differences were observed in the doses regarding the indication for mechanical ventilation. Clonidine infusion was not associated with hemodynamic changes and showed no differences when associated with adjuvants. CONCLUSION: Clonidine demonstrated to be a well-tolerated sedation option in pediatric patients submitted to mechanical ventilation, without relevant influence in hemodynamic variables.

Resumo Este artigo descreve as tecnologias de inovação do Projeto Pacu durante sua trajetória relacionada à aquicultura, assim como os impactos em sua estrutura e dinâmicas. O objeto de pesquisa é a unidade produtiva da Fazenda Santa Rosa em Terenos, Mato Grosso do Sul. A influência dos processos de aprendizagem interativa no ato inovador foi avaliada neste trabalho. Este estudo de caso faz uso do método descritivo e explicativo da origem e dinâmica da empresa, mediante acesso a fontes bibliográficas e documentais, associadas à coleta de dados com apoio de um questionário ao gerente executivo e visitas diretas à unidade. A pesquisa permitiu verificar a importância do papel da aprendizagem interativa exercida pela empresa, desde suas origens, seja em processos de inovação sistêmica, seja na incorporação de competências que potencializam sua resiliência e a possibilidade de propagar os conhecimentos de forma sistêmica.

Abstract This paper describes the Pacu Project innovation technologies during its trajectory related to aquaculture, as well as the impacts on its structure and dynamic. The research object is the Santa Rosa Farm production unit in Terenos, Mato Grosso do Sul. The influence of the interactive learning processes on the innovative act has been evaluated in this work. This case study uses the descriptive and explanatory methods used concerning the origin and dynamics of the company, through access to bibliographic and documentary sources, associated with data collection which was supported by a questionnaire applied to the executive manager, and visits to the unit. The research allowed the authors to verify the importance of the role played by interactive learning in the company, since its origins, be it either in processes of systemic innovation, as well as in the incorporation of competencies that enhance its resilience and the possibility of propagating knowledge systemically.

Resumen Este documento describe las tecnologías de innovación del Proyecto Pacu durante su trayectoria relacionada con la acuicultura, así como los impactos en su estructura y dinámica. El objeto de investigación es la unidad productiva de la Granja Santa Rosa en Terenos, Mato Grosso do Sul. En este trabajo se ha evaluado la influencia de los procesos de aprendizaje interactivo en el acto inovador. Este estudio de caso utiliza el método descriptivo y explicativo del origen y la dinámica de la empresa, a través del acceso a fuentes bibliográficas y documentales, asociadas a la recolección de datos, respaldada por un cuestionario al gerente ejecutivo y visitas directas a la unidad. La investigación nos permitió verificar la importancia del papel del aprendizaje interactivo ejercido por la empresa, desde sus orígenes, ya sea en procesos de innovación sistémica, ya sea en la incorporación de competencias que mejoren su capacidad de recuperación y la posibilidad de propagar el conocimiento de manera sistémica.

ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to evaluate performance, gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass, and non-carcass traits in lambs finished on different levels of canola grain in the diet. Twenty-seven Santa Ines lambs with an average initial weight of 19.33 ± 1.39 kg were given different levels of canola grain in the diet: 0, 8, and 16%. Weights and body condition scores were determined at the beginning, every 14 days and at the end of the experimental period. Animals were slaughtered to assess gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass and non-carcass traits. The statistical design used was completely randomized. The inclusion of canola grain showed a linear effect (0.723) for the width and height of ruminal papillae in the ventral region of the rumen. Intestinal villi and crypts showed a quadratic effect, with peaks of 0.62 µm and 0.43 µm, with the inclusion of 8 and 16%, respectively. When evaluating carcass traits, a decreasing linear effect was found for hot and cold carcass yield with 16% inclusion of canola. Canola grain can be used as an alternative in diets for finishing sheep up to 8% inclusion in the diet without affecting performance, ruminal and intestinal histometry, carcass, and non-carcass traits.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Multimorbidity can influence intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and deaths due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19). OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between multimorbidity, ICU admissions, and deaths due to COVID-19 in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) due to COVID-19 recorded in the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Gripe) in 2020. METHODS: Descriptive and stratified analyses of multimorbidity were performed based on sociodemographic, ventilatory support, and diagnostic variables. Poisson regression was used to estimate the prevalence ratios. RESULTS: We identified 671,593 cases of SARS caused by COVID-19, of which 62.4% had at least one morbidity. Multimorbidity was associated with male sex, age 60–70 and ≥ 80 years, brown and black skin color, elementary education and high school, ventilatory support, and altered radiologic exams. Moreover, all regions of the country and altered computed tomography due to COVID-19 or other diseases were associated with death; only the northeast region and higher education were associated with ICU admission. CONCLUSION: Our results showed an association between multimorbidity, ICU admission, and death in COVID-19 patients in Brazil.

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa sobre arranjos econômicos de jornalismo alternativos às grandes corporações de mídia no estado de Santa Catarina. Traça um perfil de 20 arranjos identificados por meio de técnicas combinadas de pesquisa (bola de neve e questionário), caracterizando-os a partir de três eixos centrais: 1) “o que há de jornalístico” nos arranjos jornalísticos (aspectos definidores do tipo de jornalismo produzido – ou “marcadores”) e considerações sobre o mundo do trabalho de seus e suas responsáveis; 2) organização e processo produtivo (regimes de publicação, públicos-alvo, relações de independência e alternatividade); e 3) inovação e sustentabilidade (se os arranjos consideram-se empreendedores e inovadores, quais seus status jurídicos e como se sustentam). Os resultados apontam para três tipos ideais de arranjos jornalísticos, identificados por suas diferentes conexões com o capital, as comunidades ou as causas políticas. Cada tipo ideal corresponde a um entendimento diferente do que é o jornalismo e a distintas práticas de governança. Esses tipos, sem constituírem ainda modelos consolidados, respondem, cada qual a seu modo, às mudanças estruturais do ofício.

ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of research on journalistic economic alternative arrangements to the major media corporations in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. It draws a profile of 20 arrangements identified through combined research techniques (snowball and questionnaire), characterizing them from three central axes: 1) “what is journalistic” in the journalistic arrangements (defining aspects of the type of journalism that is produced – or “markers”) and considerations about the world of work of the people in charge of these arrangements; 2) organization and production process (publication regimes, target audience, independence, and alternativeness); and 3) innovation and sustainability (if the arrangements consider themselves as entrepreneurial and innovative, what their legal status is and how they are financially sustained). The results point to three ideal types of journalistic arrangements, identified by their different bonds with the capital, their communities, or their political causes. Each ideal type corresponds to a distinct understanding of what journalism is and to distinct governance practices. Without constituting consolidated models, these types respond, each one in its way, to the structural changes that occur in the profession.

RESUMEN Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre proyectos económicos de periodismo alternativos a las principales corporaciones mediáticas en el estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Se dibuja un perfil de 20 proyectos identificados por técnicas de investigación articuladas (bola de nieve y cuestionario), caracterizándolos desde tres ejes centrales: 1) “qué hay de periodístico” en los proyectos periodísticos (aspectos definidores del tipo de periodismo producido – o “marcadores”) y consideraciones sobre el mundo laboral de sus responsables; 2) organización y proceso de producción (regímenes de publicación, públicos objetivo, relaciones de independencia y alternatividad); y 3) innovación y sostenibilidad (si los proyectos se consideran emprendedores e innovadores, cuál es su estatus legal y cómo se mantienen). Los resultados apuntan a tres tipos ideales de proyectos periodísticos, identificados por sus distintas conexiones con el capital, las comunidades o las causas políticas. Cada tipo ideal corresponde a una comprensión diferente de lo que es el periodismo y diferentes prácticas de gobernanza. Estos tipos, sin ser modelos aún consolidados, responden, cada uno a su manera, a los cambios estructurales de la profesión.

RESUMO Introdução: Mudanças recentes dos critérios diagnósticos e nos tratamentos para Esclerose Múltipla (EM) promoveram um grande impacto na maneira com que os especialistas manejam a doença. Objetivos: Investigar fatores considerados no manejo de pacientes com EM, por neurologistas brasileiros, bem como identificar como estes contribuem para o diagnóstico e o tratamento da doença. Métodos: Participantes foram selecionados pelo Comitê Organizador (especialistas em EM responsáveis por desenvolver a pesquisa). Apenas especialistas em EM foram incluídos (neurologistas com fellowship em neuroimunologia ou que atendem, atualmente, mais de 30 pacientes com EM). Os links de acesso a um questionário foram distribuídos entre março de 2019 e janeiro de 2020, o qual consistia em cenários hipotéticos referentes à EM. Resultados: Neurologistas de 13 estados brasileiros responderam à pesquisa (n=94). No cenário de Síndrome Clínica Isolada, os participantes concordaram em tratar pacientes com alto risco de diagnóstico de EM no futuro, resultado não encontrado nos casos de Síndrome Radiológica Isolada, no qual metade dos participantes optaram por não tratar, mesmo em casos de alto risco. Nos casos de EM Remitente-Recorrente de baixa atividade, a escolha para tratamento foi interferon beta, acetato de glatirâmer ou teriflunomida, sendo trocado para fingolimode e natalizumabe quando de aumento da gravidade. Discordâncias foram encontradas referentes ao uso de medicações durante a gestação e seus períodos de washout. Conclusões: Este estudo identificou concordâncias e discordâncias entre neurologistas brasileiros sobre EM, as quais podem ser auxiliares nas futuras atualizações de protocolos, visando melhorar o manejo dos pacientes.

ABSTRACT Background: Recent changes to the diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis (MS) and new medications have had a major impact on the way in which specialists manage the disease. Objective: To investigate factors considered by Brazilian neurologists in managing MS, and to identify how these contribute to diagnosis and treatment. Methods: Potential participants were selected by a steering committee (MS experts who developed this survey). Only MS specialists were included in the study (neurologists who had completed a neuroimmunology fellowship or who were treating more than 30 MS patients). Links to the online questionnaire were distributed between March 2019 and January 2020. This questionnaire was composed of sections with hypothetical MS scenarios. Results: Neurologists from 13 Brazilian states responded to the survey (n = 94). In the clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) scenario, the respondents agreed to treat patients with a high risk of MS diagnosis, whereas in the radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) half of the respondents opted not to treat, even among high-risk patients. In cases of low-activity relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), the choice of treatment was distributed among interferon beta, glatiramer acetate and teriflunomide, which were changed to fingolimod and natalizumab, as RRMS severity increased. The topics in which disagreement was found included practices regarding use of disease-modifying therapy (DMT) for pregnant patients and the washout period required for some DMTs. Conclusions: This study enabled identification of areas of agreement and disagreement about MS treatment among Brazilian neurologists, which can be used to update future protocols and improve patient management.

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar a experiência de um programa de acompanhamento de rotina baseado em consultas médicas e TC de tórax. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo envolvendo pacientes acompanhados após ressecção cirúrgica completa de câncer de pulmão de células não pequenas entre abril de 2007 e dezembro de 2015. O programa de acompanhamento consistiu em exame clínico e TC de tórax. Cada visita de acompanhamento foi classificada como uma consulta de rotina ou fora da rotina, e os pacientes foram considerados sintomáticos ou assintomáticos. Os desfechos do programa de acompanhamento foram ausência de evidência de câncer, recidiva ou segundo câncer de pulmão primário. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 148 pacientes. A mediana do tempo de acompanhamento foi de 40,1 meses, e 74,3% dos pacientes realizaram menos TCs do que as recomendadas em nosso programa de acompanhamento. Recidiva e segundo câncer de pulmão primário foram encontrados em 17,6% e 11,5% dos pacientes, respectivamente. A recidiva foi diagnosticada em uma consulta médica de rotina em 69,2% dos casos, sendo 57,7% dos pacientes assintomáticos. O segundo câncer de pulmão primário foi diagnosticado em consulta médica de rotina em 94,1% dos casos, sendo 88,2% dos pacientes assintomáticos. Dos 53 pacientes que apresentaram anormalidades na TC de tórax, 41 (77,3%) foram diagnosticados com câncer. Conclusões: A maioria dos casos de recidiva, principalmente os de segundo câncer de pulmão primário, foi confirmada por TC de tórax em pacientes assintomáticos, indicando a importância de um programa de acompanhamento rigoroso que inclua TC de tórax após ressecção cirúrgica de câncer de pulmão.

ABSTRACT Objective: To report the experience of a routine follow-up program based on medical visits and chest CT. Methods: This was a retrospective study involving patients followed after complete surgical resection of non-small cell lung cancer between April of 2007 and December of 2015. The follow-up program consisted of clinical examination and chest CT. Each follow-up visit was classified as a routine or non-routine consultation, and patients were considered symptomatic or asymptomatic. The outcomes of the follow-up program were no evidence of cancer, recurrence, or second primary lung cancer. Results: The sample comprised 148 patients. The median time of follow-up was 40.1 months, and 74.3% of the patients underwent fewer chest CTs than those recommended in our follow-up program. Recurrence and second primary lung cancer were found in 17.6% and 11.5% of the patients, respectively. Recurrence was diagnosed in a routine medical consultation in 69.2% of the cases, 57.7% of the patients being asymptomatic. Second primary lung cancer was diagnosed in a routine medical appointment in 94.1% of the cases, 88.2% of the patients being asymptomatic. Of the 53 patients who presented with abnormalities on chest CT, 41 (77.3%) were diagnosed with cancer. Conclusion: Most of the cases of recurrence, especially those of second primary lung cancer, were confirmed by chest CT in asymptomatic patients, indicating the importance of a strict follow-up program that includes chest CTs after surgical resection of lung cancer.

ABSTRACT This work, based on a bibliographical analysis, faces the challenge to think a humanization culture aiming at constructing a pedagogy of gratitude drawing from Karl Barth’s theology and Paulo Freire’s pedagogy. This pedagogy of gratitude translates the will to produce a humanist culture of care and love of the neighbors in their diversity. So, it is also an existential pedagogy that comprehends life and alterity as a grace. There is a focus on creativity, reconciliation and hope as outcomes of gratitude. In this sense, co-humanity reflects in a practical way the act of caring as the center of gratitude ethical dimension. Therefore, we consider the existence of a gravity center disposition in which by being with the other, acknowledging and welcoming one’s own incompleteness, it is possible to be more.

RESUMEN Con el desafío de pensar en una cultura de humanización, este texto, a través de un análisis bibliográfico, pretende acercarse a la construcción de una pedagogía de la gratuidad basada en la teología barthiana y la pedagogía de Freire. Esta pedagogía de la gratuidad se propone como una forma de traducir la voluntad de producir una cultura humanística de cuidado y amor por los demás en su diversidad. También es una pedagogía existencial que aprehende la vida y la alteridad como gracia. Se enfatiza la creatividad, la reconciliación y la esperanza como consecuencias de la gratuidad. La co-humanidad, a su vez, se refleja de manera práctica en el cuidado como centro de la dimensión ética de la gratuidad. En este sentido, consideramos que la existencia de una disposición baricéntrica es estar con el otro y, en el reconocimiento y aceptación de lo inacabado, ser más.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the relationship between rs17576 (MMP-9) polymorphism and increased cancer risk in a Brazilian breast cancer cohort. METHODS: This study included 141 women (71 breast cancer patients and 70 controls without breast cancer) who donated 3 mL of their peripheral blood for genomic DNA extraction. This DNA was then genotyped using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The AG (rs17576) genotype was identified in 26 (18.43%) participants in the case group and in 22 (15.60%) participants in the control group (p=0.274), while the GG genotype was identified in ten (7.09%) participants in the case group and in one (0.70%) participant in the control group (p<0.003 - OR (95% CI) 13.13 (1.73, 593.08). No significant difference in the incidence rates was observed for AG or GG rs17576 genotypes in premenopausal women, p=0.813 and p=0.556, respectively. However, in postmenopausal women, the AG genotype was shown to occur in 14 (22.5%) participants in the case group and in 4 (6.45%) participants in the control (p<0.043), while GG genotype occurred in eight (12.90%) of the individuals in the case group and in none of the individuals in the control group (p<0.006). CONCLUSION: In this study, the MMP-9 rs17576 GG polymorphic variant was shown to be significantly associated with breast cancer risk in premenopausal women, while the AG and GG genotypes were associated with increased cancer risk in postmenopausal women.

RESUMO: A pesquisa objetiva analisar a construção de sentido sobre um impresso de combate ao Zika vírus por Licenciandos em Ciências Biológicas após formação sobre a Gramática do Design Visual (GDV). A GDV propõe uma análise multimodal considerando a interação verbo-visual com o contexto social. A pesquisa foi dividida em: I) análise do impresso; II) questionário; III) curso sobre GDV e Multimodalidade; IV) propostas de alterações ao impresso. A análise proporcionou reflexões sobre o uso do impresso na Educação em Ciências. As respostas ao questionário reforçaram a importância de letrar multimodalmente professores. Após a formação, os licenciandos apresentaram dificuldades para compreender algumas das funções da GDV, contudo, as propostas de alteração demonstraram impacto positivo do curso na construção de sentido.

ABSTRACT: The research aims to analyze the construction of meaning on a form to fight the Zika virus by Graduates in Biological Sciences after training on the Grammar of Visual Design (GDV). GDV proposes a multimodal analysis considering the verbal-visual interaction with the social context. The research was divided into: I) analysis of the form; II) questionnaire; III) course on GDV and Multimodality; IV) proposals for changes to the form. The analysis provided reflections on the use of the form in Science Education. The responses to the questionnaire reinforced the importance of multimodal literacy teachers. After the training, the undergraduate students had difficulties to understand some of the functions of GDV, however, the proposed changes showed a positive impact of the course in the construction of meaning.

RESUMEN: La investigación tiene el objetivo de analizar la construcción de sentido acerca de un impreso de combate al virus del Zika por estudiantes de formación docente en Ciencias Biológicas después de una formación sobre la Gramática del Design Visual (GDV). La GDV propone un análisis multimodal considerando la interacción verbovisual con el contexto social. Se dividió la investigación en: I) análisis del impreso; II) cuestionario; III) curso sobre GDV y Multimodalidad; IV) propuestas de alteración del impreso. El análisis proporcionó reflexiones acerca del uso del impreso en la Educación en Ciencias. Las respuestas al cuestionario reafirmaron la importancia de alfabetizar multimodalmente los profesores. Después de la formación, los estudiantes presentaron dificultades para comprender algunas de las funciones de la GDV, sin embargo, las propuestas de alteración demostraron el impacto positivo del curso en la construcción de sentido.

ABSTRACT Stingless bee products such as honey, pollen, propolis, and geopropolis have been used for centuries in traditional medicine for the treatment of several illnesses. Investigation of the biological activity of stingless bee products, especially propolis and geopropolis, has revealed promising therapeutic properties. About 20% of total Neotropical stingless bees can be found in Brazil. Despite the species diversity, studies on their biological activity are scarce. The present review focuses on the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of propolis and geopropolis from Brazilian stingless bees. In addition, the toxicity of these natural products was addressed. In order to provide new evidences for the toxic potential of propolis and geopropolis components, an in silico analysis was performed using the ADMET PredictorTM software. We observed that most of studies evaluated only crude ethanol extracts of a limited number of stingless bees species. Propolis and geopropolis displayed antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity. Concerning the toxic potential, the extracts of stingless bees propolis and geopropolis were considered safe. Nonetheless, in vitro and in vivo toxicological studies are still necessary.

RESUMEN Las prácticas de corrección y fertilización realizadas a lo largo de los años en los suelos brasileños permitieron mejorar la fertilidad en algunos de ellos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el desempeño de la soja en respuesta a la fertilización fosfatada en suelo con fertilidad mejorada. El trabajo fue realizado durante el cultivo 2015-2016 en el municipio de São Desidério, en Bahía. Se empleó un diseño experimental en bloques al azar, con cinco tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos fueron compuestos por dosis de fertilizante fosfatado (0, 70, 140, 210 y 280 kg ha-1 de P2O5). Se evaluaron las siguientes variables: altura de la planta, altura de inserción de la primera vaina, número de ramos por planta, número de vainas por planta, peso de mil granos, productividad y análisis de macro y micronutrientes en la hoja. Las plantas de soja no respondieron al fósforo aplicado en el suelo con fertilidad mejorada. En las condiciones de este trabajo, la fertilización fosfatada en suelo con fertilidad mejorada no promovió ganancia de productividad. Aunque las plantas no respondieron a los macro y micronutrientes foliares en función de la fertilización fosfatada, no hubo reducción de estos niveles en respuesta a las dosis elevadas.

ABSTRACT The practices of soil amendment and fertilization carried out over the years have allowed the improvement of the fertility in some of them in the Brazilian soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of soybean in response to phosphate fertilization in soil with improved fertility. The research was carried out during the 2015-2016 harvest season in a dry-land area in the municipality of São Desidério, Bahia. The experiment was arranged in randomized blocks, with five treatments and four replicates. Treatments were composed by doses of phosphate fertilizer (0, 70, 140, 210 and 280 kg P2O5 ha-1). The following variables were evaluated: plant height, height of insertion of the first pod, number of stems per plant, number of pods per plant, thousand grain weight, productivity, and the analysis of macro and micronutrients in the leaf. Soybean plants did not respond to phosphorus applied to soil with built fertility. Under the conditions of this study, phosphorus fertilization in soil with improved fertility did not promote productivity. Although the plants did not respond to foliar macro and micronutrients as a function of phosphate fertilization, there was no reduction of these in response to high doses.

RESUMO Objetivo: Propor um modelo de duathlon adaptado para ratos (treinamento associado de natação e corrida) e compará-lo com as modalidades praticadas isoladamente, considerando o mecanismo de consumo de glicose e produção de lactato sérico. Métodos: Foram utilizados vinte e oito ratos Wistar, com 90 dias de vida e peso médio de 150-200 g. Os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos: grupo controle, grupo de natação, grupo de corrida e grupo de natação/corrida. Esses foram adaptados aos seus respectivos treinos durante três dias e, logo depois, foram submetidos ao protocolo de treinamento com duração de quatro semanas. No final de cada semana, foram realizadas análises de lactato e glicose sanguínea pré- e pós- treinamento. A diferença estatística foi considerada quando o valor p era inferior a 0,01 (p <0,01). Resultados: Houve diminuição nos níveis de glicemia e aumento nos níveis de lactato nos grupos de natação e natação/corrida ao longo do período de treinamento, o que não ocorreu no grupo de corrida. Conclusão: Pode-se verificar que o modelo duathlon adaptado para ratos foi satisfatório em relação à produção e estabilização dos níveis sanguíneos de lactato. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados de tratamento.

ABSTRACT Objective: To propose a duathlon model adapted for rats (associated swimming and running training) and compare it with the individual activities carried out separately, considering the glucose uptake and serum lactate production mechanism. Methods: Twenty-eight 90-day-old Wistar rats with a mean weight of 150-200 g were used. The animals were divided into four groups: control group, swimming group, running group, and swimming/running group. These animals were adapted to their respective training programs for three days and underwent the 4-week training protocol soon afterwards. Pre- and post-training blood lactate and blood glucose analyses were performed at the end of each week. Statistical difference was considered when the p value was less than 0.01 (p <0.01). Results: There was a decrease in glycemic levels and an increase in lactate levels in the swimming and swimming/running groups throughout the training period, which did not occur in the running group. Conclusion: The duathlon model adapted for rats proved satisfactory in terms of the production and stabilization of blood lactate levels. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the Results of Treatment.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Proponer un modelo de duatlón adaptado para ratones (entrenamiento asociado de natación y carrera) y compararlo con las modalidades practicadas aisladamente, considerando el mecanismo de consumo de glucosa y producción de lactato sérico. Métodos: Fueron utilizados veintiocho ratones Wistar, con 90 días de vida y peso promedio de 150-200 g. Los animales fueron divididos en cuatro grupos: grupo control, grupo de natación, grupo de carrera y grupo de natación/carrera. Esos fueron adaptados a sus respectivos entrenamientos durante tres días y, luego después, fueron sometidos al protocolo de entrenamiento con duración de cuatro semanas. Al final de cada semana, fueron realizados análisis de lactato y glucosa sanguínea pre y post entrenamiento. La diferencia estadística fue considerada cuando el valor p era inferior a 0,01 (p <0,01). Resultados: Hubo disminución en los niveles de glucemia y aumento en los niveles de lactato en los grupos de natación y natación/carrera a lo largo del período de entrenamiento, lo que no ocurrió en el grupo de carrera. Conclusión: Se puede verificar que el modelo duatlón adaptado para ratones fue satisfactorio con relación a la producción y estabilización de los niveles sanguíneos de lactato. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de los resultados del tratamento.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this research is to compare the fluorescence of different trademarks of composite resins under ultraviolet light, indicating through the optical characteristics the restorative materials that best mimic the properties of dental fluorescence. In this study, nine composite resin trademarks of EA2 color were evaluated, and ten test samples were prepared for each material, totalizing ninety specimens. The specimens were produced from a bipartite aluminium matrix (10x2 mm), and then stored for 24 h in tubes of radiographic films, immersed in distilled water and after 48 h it were polished. A blind-type study (four evaluators) was used and the samples were analyzed in a dark wooden chamber where it was coupled two black lamps. In the data collection phase, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, ANOVA and Post Hoc of Tukey were used (adopting a significance level of 0.05). It was noted that the composite resin of the trademark Ultrafill was more fluorescent and Luna was statistically less fluorescent than all other materials, while Opallis and Tetric were superior to Glacier. There was no significant statistical difference among the composite resins Premissa, Point 4, Llis and Premium.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de esta investigación es comparar la fluorescencia de diferentes marcas registradas de resinas compuestas bajo luz ultravioleta, indicando a través de las características ópticas los materiales de restauración que mejor imitan las propiedades de la fluorescencia dental. En este estudio, se evaluaron nueve marcas registradas de resina de color EA2, y se prepararon diez muestras de prueba para cada material, totalizando noventa especímenes. Las muestras se produjeron a partir de una matriz de aluminio bipartita (10x2 mm), y luego se almacenaron durante 24 h en tubos de películas radiográficas, se sumergieron en agua destilada y después de 48 h se pulieron. Se utilizó un estudio de tipo ciego (cuatro evaluadores) y las muestras se analizaron en una cámara de madera oscura donde se acoplaron dos lámparas negras. En la fase de recolección de datos, se utilizaron las pruebas de normalidad KolmogorovSmirnov, ANOVA y Post Hoc de Tukey (adoptaron un nivel de significancia de 0,05). Se observó que la resina compuesta de la marca registrada Ultrafill era más fluorescente y la marca Luna fue estadísticamente menos fluorescente que todos los demás materiales, mientras que Opallis y Tetric eran superiores a Glacier. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las resinas compuestas Premissa, Point 4, Llis y Premium.