Abstract This study aimed to verify the impact of high-fat diet consumption for a prolonged period on oxidative stress, fetal growth, umbilical vascular system, and placental structures in pregnant goats. Twenty-two pregnant goats were grouped into the control diet (n= 11) and fat diet (n = 11). Flaxseed meal was added to the fat diet, replacing the corn grain of concentrate, from gestational day 100 to delivery date. Diets were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic, differing in fat content (2.8% vs. 6.3% dry matter). The fat group showed higher feed intake and total plasma lipid levels than the control group (P < 0.001). No difference was found in placentome, and umbilical vascular development. Fat diet-fed goats exhibited a lower systolic peak in the umbilical artery. At delivery, placental traits were similar with the exception of the cotyledon width (P = 0.0075), which was smaller in the fat group and cotyledon surface (P = 0.0047) for multiple pregnancy of fat diet. Cotyledonary epithelium showed more intense staining of lipid droplets and a greater area for lipofuscin staining in the fat group compared to control group (P < 0.001). The mean live weight of the kids was lower in the fat group in the first week after delivery than in control group. Thus, in goats, the continuous administration of a high-fat diet during pregnancy does not appear to modify the fetal-maternal vascular structures but has an impact on a part of the placental structure; therefore, its use must be carefully evaluated. highfat high stress growth system Twentytwo Twenty two n= n 11 11. . concentrate 10 date isoenergetic 2.8% 28 2 8 (2.8 vs 63 6 3 6.3 matter. matter matter) P 0.001. 0001 0.001 0 001 0.001) placentome development dietfed fed artery 0.0075, 00075 0.0075 , 0075 0.0075) 0.0047 00047 0047 Thus fetalmaternal maternal structure therefore evaluated 1 2.8 (2. 6. 000 0.00 00 0007 0.007 007 0.004 0004 004 2. (2 0.0 ( 0.

Abstract The effect of high dietary lipid on the meat quality parameters of shoulder meat adult goats in raw meat and during curing and smoking was evaluated by classical and multivariate approaches. The animals were divided into two groups of different finishing strategies: without whole full-fat linseed (WFFLG, n = 9) and whole full-fat linseed (FFLG, n = 9), with diets containing an ether extract content of 2.7% and 6.9%, respectively. The physicochemical attributes did not vary according to the experimental diets in raw meat. The colorimetric parameters and pH varied during curing and smoking. Through multivariate analysis the first two principal components (PC), it was possible to identified variables were highly importance the total variation (L*, a*, b*, C*, h*, and fat content) in raw meat and smoking. The fat content and color b* presented the highest scores for importance of the variable in the projection. Lipid supplementation of adult goats did not influence the quality parameters physicochemical of the raw shoulder meat. However, after curing and smoking there was a significant effect of diet on Hue angle (h*).

ABSTRACT Poverty, malnutrition and neglected tropical diseases such as soil-transmitted helminthiases (STHs) interact in a multi-causal feedback network. This study aimed to assess the relationships between STHs, income and nutritional status of children in impoverished communities in the city of Caxias, Maranhao State, Northeastern Brazil. A cross-sectional survey (n=259 children) was carried out with the collection of fecal samples and assessment of sociodemographic, anthropometric, dietary and sanitation data. Hookworm infection and ascariasis presented prevalence rates of 14.3% and 9.3%, respectively. The logistic regression analysis showed that hookworm infection was more frequent in males (odds ratio [OR]=3.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.45-8.08), children aged 11-15 years old (OR=3.72; 95% CI=1.19-11.62), children living in poor families (OR=2.44; 95% CI=1.04-5.68) and those living in rented houses (OR=5.74; 95%CI=1.91-17.25). Concerning ascariasis, living in the Caldeiroes community (OR=0.01; 95%CI=0-0.17) and belonging to the 11-15 years age group (OR=0.21; 95%CI=0.04-1.02) were protection factors. Poor children have a significantly lower frequency of consumption of meat, milk, vegetables, tubers and fruits than not poor children. The frequent consumption of meat, milk and tubers was associated with significant higher values in the parameter height-for-age, whereas the consumption of meat and milk positively influenced the weight-for-age. The frequencies of stunting, underweight and wasting were 8.1%, 4.9% and 2.9%, respectively. The multivariate model demonstrated that stunting was significantly associated with economic poverty (OR=2.82; 95%CI=1.03-7.70) and low weight was associated with male sex (OR=6.43; 95% CI=1.35-30.68). In conclusion, the study describes the interactions between the dimensions of development represented by income, STHs and nutritional status revealing the importance of raising income levels to improve the living conditions of families in impoverished communities in Northeastern Brazil.

Este trabalho foi conduzido para avaliar o valor nutritivo de silagens de capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum.) com 0, 4, 8, 12 e 16% de pedúnculo de caju (Anacardium occidentale L.) desidratado, com base na matéria natural. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Como silos experimentais, foram utilizados tambores plásticos de 210 L. Determinaram-se a composição nutricional, os valores de pH e os teores de nitrogênio amoniacal, ácido lático, acético, propiônico e butírico. A inclusão de pedúnculo de caju desidratado na ensilagem de capim-elefante promoveu aumento das concentrações de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE), carboidratos não-fibrosos (CNF), nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente neutro (NIDN, % do N total), nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente ácido (NIDA, % do N total), pH e ácidos lático e propiônico. Por outro lado, os teores de FDN, FDA, hemicelulose, N-NH3 (% do N total) e ácido butírico diminuíram de forma linear conforme aumentaram os níveis do subproduto na ensilagem. O pedúnculo de caju desidratado não influenciou os teores de carboidratos totais e ácido acético das silagens. Esse subproduto pode ser ensilado com o capim-elefante até o nível de 16%, uma vez que aumenta os teores de PB e CNF e reduz os teores de FDN e FDA, melhorando o padrão de fermentação das silagens.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum.) silages with the addition of 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16% dried cashew stalk (Anacardium occidentale L.) - DCS, based on the fresh matter. A randomized complete design with four replications was used. Twenty 210 L plastic drums were used as experimental silos. The levels were determined of the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose, ether extract (EE), total carbohydrates (TC), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN,% total N), acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN, % total N), pH values, ammonia nitrogen (in percentage of the total nitrogen, N-NH3, % total N), lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid and propionic acid. Adding DCS resulted in higher values of DM, CP, EE, NFC, NDIN (% total N), ADIN (% total N), pH, lactic acid and propionic acid. On the other hand, with increasing DCS levels, a linear decline was observed in values of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, ammonia nitrogen (% total N) and butyric acid. DCS did not show effect on the TC and acetic acid in the silages. As a result, up to 16% dehydrated cashew stalk may be added to elephant-grass silages, based on the fresh matter, to increase CP and NFC levels and decrease NDF and ADF and improve the fermentation patterns. It should be taken into account that higher NDIN and ADIN values may interfere in nitrogen availability and therefore in further DM intake.

Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o valor nutritivo de silagens de capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum.) com 0; 4; 8; 12 e 16% de subproduto do processamento de manga (Mangifera indica L.) desidratado, com base na matéria natural. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Como silos experimentais, foram utilizados tambores plásticos de 210 L. Determinaram-se os teores de nutrientes, os valores de pH e os teores de nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3, % do N total), ácido lático, acético, propiônico e butírico. Os teores de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE), carboidratos não-fibrosos (CNF), nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente neutro (NIDN), ácido lático e ácido propiônico aumentaram com a adição do subproduto de manga. Os teores de FDN, FDA e hemicelulose, o pH e o N-NH3 (% do N total), no entanto, diminuíram com a adição do subproduto de manga. A adição do subproduto de manga teve efeito quadrático sobre os teores de ácido acético e butírico, mas não influenciou a composição em carboidratos totais e nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente ácido (NIDA), que não diferiu entre as silagens. O subproduto de manga pode ser utilizado na ensilagem do capim-elefante, uma vez que adições acima de 8,6% melhoram o processo fermentativo das silagens. No entanto, essas silagens apresentam baixos níveis de proteína e elevados teores de extrato etéreo e de compostos nitrogenados complexados à fibra (NIDN e NIDA), o que pode comprometer seu aproveitamento pelos animais.

This study was carried out to evaluate the nutritive value of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum.) silages with the addition of 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16% dehydrated mango (Mangifera indica, L.) by-product (DMB), on the fresh matter basis. A randomized complete design with four replications was used. As experimental silos, 210L plastic drums were used. Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose (HCEL), ether extract (EE), total carbohydrates (TC), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN, % total N), acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN, % total N), pH values, ammoniacal nitrogen (% total N), lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid and propionic acid levels were determined. The DM, OM, CP, EE, NFC, NDIN, lactic acid and propionic acid levels increased with the DMB addition while the NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, N-NH3/ammoniacal nitrogen levels and the pH values decreased with the DMB addition. The addition of DMB had a quadratic effect on the acetic and butyric acid levels but there was no effect with the addition of DMB on TC and ADIN. The DMB can be used at the ensiling of the elephant grass, because the addition of 8.6% improves the silages fermentative process. However, these silages have low crude protein levels and high contents of ether extract and nitrogen compounds mixed with the fiber (NDIN and ADIN) in the silages, that may damage their use by animals.

Worldwide experience with laparoscopic radical cystectomy is increasing in the last few years. We describe a 29-year-old female who underwent a laparoscopic radical cystectomy with ileal reservoir for a bladder sarcoma. Operative time was 405 minutes and estimated blood loss was 500 mL. She had an uneventful postoperative course and was discharged in the fifth postoperative day. Key-words: bladder, cystectomy, laparoscopy, urinary diversion, bladder neoplasms.

PURPOSE: To compare hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy and pure laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy techniques in live donor nephrectomy. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we included all patients submitted to hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy and pure laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy between May 2002 and December 2007. The operative data and post-operative courses were reviewed. Information was collected on the operative time, warm ischemia time, estimated blood loss, intra-operative complications, time to first oral intake, length of hospital stay, and post-operative complications. The data were analyzed using Student's t -tests and Fisher exact tests as appropriate, with statistical significance defined as p < 0.05. RESULTS: The means of the operative duration, warm ischemia time and intra-operative bleeding were 83 min, 3.6 min and 130.9 cc, respectively, for hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy, and 78.4 min, 2.5 min and 98.9 cc, respectively, for pure laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy (p=0.29, p<0.0001 and p=0.08, respectively). Intra-operative complications occurred in 6% of patients submitted to hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy and in 4.5% of those submitted to pure laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy (p=0.68). Only one patient from each group required conversion to open surgery; one person receiving hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy had bleeding and one person receiving pure laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy had low carbon dioxide levels during the warm ischemia period. Compared with patients receiving hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy, patients submitted to pure laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy were able to take their first meal earlier (12.5 vs. 9.2 hours, p=0.046), were discharged home sooner (2.8 vs. 1.4 days, p<0.0001) and had fewer post-operative complications (7.5% vs. 0.6%, p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Pure laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy had some advantages over hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy in terms of the warm ischemia time, time to first oral intake, length of hospital stay, and post-operative donor complications.

Para avaliação da influência da estrutura do dossel de pastagens tropicais sobre o processo de ingestão de forragem por bovinos, cinco alturas de dossel (60, 80, 100, 120 e 140 cm) de uma pastagem de capim-mombaça (Panicum maximum, Jacq.) foram estabelecidas, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com duas repetições. Quatro novilhas da raça Holandês Preto e Branco com coletores de fezes e urina foram utilizadas em testes de pastejo de 45 minutos. O número de bocados e o tempo de alimentação foram registrados com o uso de contadores e cronômetros. A massa de forragem total consumida foi obtida pela técnica de dupla pesagem. Com o aumento na altura do dossel, observou-se aumento linear na massa de bocado. O aumento do comprimento das lâminas foliares expandidas e em expansão resultou em consumo quase que individual de folhas, refletindo em aumento linear no tempo por bocado e em redução linear na taxa de bocados. Uma vez que o aumento no tempo por bocado foi proporcionalmente maior que o aumento da massa de bocado, a massa de forragem total consumida e a taxa de ingestão estabilizaram-se nas maiores alturas da pastagem. As limitações físicas impostas pela estrutura do dossel levaram a menor eficiência de captura de forragem pelos animais nas maiores alturas do dossel. O consumo de forragem foi maximizado à altura de 109,3 cm.

In order to evaluate the influence of tropical grass sward structure on the intake of grazing cattle, five sward heights (60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 cm) of Panicum maximum Jacq. were established, in a completely randomized design with two replications. Four black-and-white coat Holstein heifers, carrying feces and urine bags, were used in grazing tests of 45 minutes each. Number of bites and feeding time were registered by counters and chronometers. Total herbage mass consumed was obtained by double sampling technique. Increasing sward height increased bite mass, followed by an increase in chewing number. The increase in the length of both expanded leaves and expanding leaves, resulted in individual bite per leaf, leading to an increase in biting time, and consequent linear decrease in bite rate. Since increases in time per bite was proportionally greater than that for bite mass, total herbage mass consumed and intake rate stabilized at the highest sward heights. Under these conditions, the physical limitation imposed by sward structure led to a lower efficiency of foraging by the animals, even at high forage allowance situation. Intake rate was maximized at pasture height of 109.3 cm.

Para avaliar as estratégias de alimentação de bovinos em pastejo, quatro novilhas da raça Holandês Preto e Branco foram mantidas em uma pastagem de capim-mombaça (Panicum maximum Jacq.) com cinco alturas de dossel, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com duas repetições, durante os meses de fevereiro a abril de 2002. Os animais experimentais foram avaliados por meio de testes de pastejo de 45 minutos, durante os quais foram determinados o número de bocados, o número de estações alimentares, o número de passos e o tempo de alimentação utilizando-se cronômetros e contadores. Com o aumento da altura do dossel, o número de estações alimentares diminuiu de forma quadrática (Y= 16,3199 - 0,2424 x + 0,000996 x², R² = 0,9328, P = 0,0031), como resultado da maior disponibilidade de forragem, que reduziu a procura por melhores sítios de pastejo. O número de passos entre as estações alimentares aumentou (Y= 0,7247 + 0,01603 x, R² = 0,6172, P = 0,0043), ampliando a exploração do ambiente de pastejo. Quando a massa de forragem aumentou, os animais reduziram as distâncias totais percorridas (Y= 513,998287 - 2,659875 x, R² = 0,728076, P = 0,0016), a taxa média de deslocamento (Y= 11,567445 - 0,058396 x, R² = 0,724633, P = 0,0013) e, conseqüentemente, a intensidade de utilização da área (Y= 9,533139 - 0,051351 x, R² = 0,7708, P = 0,0005), como resultado da elevação da altura do dossel, que garantiu elevado consumo de forragem. Os animais ajustam seus padrões de deslocamento e procura de forragem em resposta à estrutura do dossel forrageiro.

To evaluate grazing strategies of cattle on pastures, four Holstein black and white coating heifers were submitted to five sward heights of mombaçagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) pasture, in a completely randomized design, with two replications, between February and April, 2002. The experimental animals were evaluated during 45 minutes tests. Number of bites, number of feeding stations, number of steps and feeding time were measured, using chronometers and counters. The number of feeding stations per minute decreased quadratically (Y= 16.3199 - 0.2424 x + 0.000996 x², R² = 0.9328, P = 0.0031), from low to tall sward, as a result of the greater available mass present in the highest sward heights, that reduced the searching for other feeding stations. The number of steps between feeding stations increased (Y= 0.7247 + 0.01603 x, R² = 0.6172, P = 0.0043) increasing the exploration of pasture environment. With the increase in available forage dry matter, the animals reduced total number of steps (Y= 513.998287 - 2.659875 x, R² = 0.728076, P = 0.0016), steps by minute (Y= 11.567445 - 0.058396 x, R² = 0.724633, P = 0.0013) and, consequently, the intensity of area utilization (Y= 9.533139 - 0.051351 x, R² = 0.7708, P = 0.0005), as the greater sward height assured high forage intake. The animals showed adaptive feeding strategies to different pasture structures, in an attempt to improve their ingestive efficiency.

Neste estudo, investigou-se o efeito da estação de nascimento sobre a puberdade de cordeiros Santa Inês criados no Distrito Federal. Utilizaram-se 33 cordeiros machos, inteiros, distribuídos em quatro lotes de grupos contemporâneos. A diferença de idade de cada grupo foi de 90 dias, abrangendo as quatro estações do ano. Foram realizadas coletas de dados mensalmente e a cada 15 dias, dependendo da presença ou ausência de espermatozóides no ejaculado de cada animal. A puberdade foi definida quando o sêmen do animal apresentou motilidade total de 10% e concentração espermática de 50 x 10(6) espermatozóides por mililitro (mL) de ejaculado. Após a definição da puberdade, procedeu-se a mais uma coleta e, após 15 dias, realizou-se a castração dos animais. A idade à puberdade dos animais foi de 194,57 ± 41,97 dias. A estação do ano afetou a idade à puberdade entre os grupos, principalmente em razão do fator nutricional, visto que os pesos à puberdade foram semelhantes. O grupo mais precoce (nascido em agosto) apresentou idade à puberdade de 162,56 ± 35,55 dias. Correlações significativas foram encontradas entre peso e circunferência escrotal (CE), comprimento e largura testicular, sugerindo que a CE pode ser utilizada como critério complementar para a seleção feita com base nos parâmetros produtivos.

The present study investigated the effect of calving season on puberty of Santa Inês ram lambs raised in the Distrito Federal, Brazil. Thirty-three ram lambs were assigned to four contemporary groups according to birth date, distributed in three months intervals. Data were collected monthly and every 15 days depending on the presence of sperm in each animal ejaculate. Puberty was defined when the animal presented total motility of 10% and sperm concentration of 50 x 10(6) per mL of ejaculated semen. This procedure was repeated after puberty and after 15 days the animals were castrated. Mean age at puberty was 194.57 ± 41.97 days. The season affected the puberty age, mainly due to the nutritional factor, since the puberty weights were not significantly different between groups. Average age at puberty for the youngest group (born in August) was 162.56 ± 35.55 days. Significant correlations were found between weight and the scrotal circumference (EC), length and width of testis, suggesting the use of EC as a complementary criterion for selection based on productive parameters.

A doença de Wilson é desordem autossômica recessiva do metabolismo do cobre, cujas manifestações sistêmicas são secundárias ao acúmulo de cobre nos tecidos, especialmente no fígado e no SNC. Neste, as lesões estruturais mais comumente encontradas pela TC são: dilatação ventricular, atrofia cortical, hiperdensidades dos núcleos da base e atrofia cerebelar e de tronco cerebral. Lesões degenerativas da substância, branca cerebral foram relatadas em estudos anátomo-patológicos realizados até os anos 60, mas quase nunca foram documentadas por TC em pacientes mais recentes. Neste artigo é descrito o caso de paciente com doença de Wilson, de rápida deterioração, no qual a TC mostrou hipodensidades assimétricas na substância branca subcortical.

Wilson's disease in an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism where systemic manifestations are secondary to thei accumulation of copper in hepatic, nervous and other tissues. In CNS, the structural lesions most commonly found by CT scan are ventricular dilatation, cortical atrophy, basal ganglia hyperdensities, and brainstem and cerebellar atrophy. Degenerative changes of cerebral white matter seen on early anatomo-pathologic studies, but were almost never found on CT scan from recently described patients. We report a case of Wilson's disease with an unusually rapid deterioration where asymmetric low-densities in the subcortical white matter were disclosed by CT scan.