ABSTRACT A patient presented with corneoscleral thinning five months after the treatment of suspected ocular squamous surface neoplasia with mitomycin-C and interferon. For tectonic and aesthetic purposes, we decided to perform lamellar corneoscleral transplantation. The approach used established new tectonic support and corneal homeostasis. This technique might be an option in similar cases. mitomycinC mitomycin C interferon purposes transplantation homeostasis cases

ABSTRACT Previous cultivation of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Congo grass (Urochloa ruziziensis), and palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. ‘Marandu’) may influence soybean (Glycine max) agronomic performance. The present work evaluated the decomposition of sorghum, grass, and sorghum intercropped with grass in the off-season to improve soybean yield in integrated crop systems in the Brazilian Cerrado and their dry matter production. This study was conducted in Planaltina, DF, in Central-West Brazil, on a Typical Acrustox soil from Mar 2010 until Feb 2012. The experimental design was a randomized block, with six crop systems before soybean: fallowing, sorghum, palisade grass (alone or intercropped with sorghum), and Congo grass (alone or intercropped with sorghum) with four replicates. Soybean agronomic performance, the crop systems’ dry mass, and its decomposition rate were estimated over two years. Higher soybean grain yields were observed in cropping systems including Congo grass alone (3,349 kg ha–1) or intercropped with sorghum (3,317 kg ha–1). Sorghum intercropped with palisade grass produced 18,702 kg ha–1 of dry matter and 64.9 % (on average) of soil coverage during the soybean cycle. However, the highest lignin content was observed in sorghum intercropped with Congo grass (5.1 % on average). The results indicate that the cultivation of Congo grass, either alone or intercropped with sorghum, improves the agronomic performance of soybean in succession, compared to sorghum alone or palisade grass (alone or intercropped with sorghum). The intercropped systems provided the best nutrient efficiency use aiming at sustainable agriculture in the Cerrado region. bicolor, bicolor , bicolor) Urochloa ruziziensis, ruziziensis ruziziensis) cv ‘Marandu Marandu ‘Marandu’ Glycine max offseason off season production Planaltina DF CentralWest Central West Brazil 201 2012 block fallowing replicates mass years 3,349 3349 3 349 (3,34 ha1 ha 1 3,317 3317 317 (3,31 ha–1. . 18702 18 702 18,70 ha– 649 64 9 64. average cycle However 5.1 51 5 (5. average. succession sorghum. region 20 3,34 334 34 (3,3 3,31 331 31 1870 70 18,7 6 5. (5 2 3,3 33 (3, 187 7 18, ( 3, (3

RESUMO A presença de sementes esverdeadas representa um obstáculo ao potencial produtivo da cultura da soja, gerando impactos significativos no aspecto visual e na qualidade fisiológica. Tradicionalmente, as sementes são avaliadas visualmente, um método sujeito à subjetividade e erros humanos. Frente a isto, esta pesquisa propõe uma abordagem inovadora que integra análise de imagens e inteligência artificial para desenvolver um modelo de aprendizado de máquina capaz de distinguir sementes esverdeadas de amarelas com base em parâmetros de cor. Este estudo visa aprimorar a precisão na avaliação das sementes e expandir o entendimento sobre a relação entre a tonalidade da cor das sementes e sua qualidade fisiológica. A inteligência artificial foi treinada com 12.000 imagens caputuras e processadas pelo GroundEye® S800D. A metodologia empregada para treinar o sistema envolveu a utilização de uma árvore de decisão, utilizando a biblioteca sklearn.tree do Python. Cada semente, após a captura de imagem, foi submetida a um teste de germinação padrão. As plântulas normais foram então reanalisadas no GroundEye® S800D para determinar seu vigor através da mensuração do tamanho de raiz primária e hipocótilo. Sementes de soja amarelas demonstram qualidade fisiológica superior às esverdeadas, destacando-se em germinação e crescimento da plântula. O ângulo de tonalidade (h) e a luminosidade (L) mostraram-se os critérios mais responsivos ao modelo de aprendizado de máquina, alcançando uma acurácia de 89,7%. O ângulo de tonalidade demonstrou ser um preditor robusto, correlacionando-se com altas taxas de germinação em sementes com ângulo inferior a 97,5°. A relação entre a viabilidade das sementes e o ângulo de tonalidade foi apoiada por um coeficiente de determinação (R²) de 73%. Tradicionalmente visualmente humanos isto 12000 12 000 12.00 GroundEye SD S D decisão sklearntree sklearn tree Python semente imagem padrão hipocótilo destacandose destacando se plântula h (h L (L mostraramse mostraram 897 89 7 89,7% robusto correlacionandose correlacionando 975 97 5 97,5° R² R (R² 73 73% 1200 1 00 12.0 8 89,7 9 97,5 (R 120 0 12. 89, 97,

ABSTRACT The presence of greenish seeds represents an obstacle to the productive potential of soybean cultivation, causing significant impacts on the visual aspect and physiological quality of seeds. Traditionally, seeds are evaluated visually, a method that is subject to subjectivity and human error. This research proposes an innovative approach that integrates image analysis and artificial intelligence to develop a machine learning model capable of distinguishing greenish seeds from yellow ones based on color parameters. This study aims to enhance the accuracy of seed evaluation and expand understanding of the relationship between seed color tone and their physiological quality. The artificial intelligence was trained with 12,000 images captured and processed by the GroundEye® S800D. The methodology employed to train the system involved the use of a decision tree, utilizing the sklearn.tree library from Python. Each seed, after image capture, underwent a standard germination test. The normal seedlings were then reanalyzed using the GroundEye® S800D to determine their vigor through measurements of primary root and hypocotyl sizes. Yellow soybean seeds exhibit superior physiological quality compared to greenish ones, particularly in terms of germination and seedling growth. The hue angle (h) and luminosity (L) proved to be the most responsive criteria in the machine learning model, achieving an accuracy of 89.7%. The hue angle was demonstrated to be a robust predictor, correlating with higher germination rates in seeds with an angle less than 97.5°. The relationship between seed viability and hue angle was supported by a coefficient of determination (R²) of 73%. cultivation Traditionally visually error parameters 12000 12 000 12,00 GroundEye SD S D tree sklearntree sklearn Python capture test sizes growth h (h L (L 897 89 7 89.7% predictor 975 97 5 97.5° R² R (R² 73 73% 1200 1 00 12,0 8 89.7 9 97.5 (R 120 0 12, 89. 97.

Abstract This study estimated genetic and phenotypic parameters, heritabilities, correlations, selection accuracy, and expected gain from selection for dry matter yield and nutritional traits in 178 half-sib ruzigrass families. Eight traits were evaluated, with nutritional quality measured via NIRS. Data analysis using mixed models and clustering revealed significant differences between progenies. Narrow-sense heritability ranged from 0.26 to 0.42, and selection accuracy ranged from 0.51 to 0.65. Genetic variation was lower for nutritional quality traits compared to dry matter yield. Dry matter yield had positive genetic correlations with neutral and acid detergent fiber and cellulose, but negative correlations with crude protein and hemicellulose. Clustering identified two groups of families: one correlated with in vitro dry matter digestibility and crude protein, and the other with remaining traits. Selecting for dry matter yield may reduce crude protein content but not affect digestibility; selecting for low fiber or high crude protein may improve forage quality. parameters heritabilities 17 halfsib half sib families evaluated NIRS progenies Narrowsense Narrow sense 026 0 26 0.2 042 42 0.42 051 51 0.5 065 65 0.65 cellulose hemicellulose 1 02 2 0. 04 4 0.4 05 5 06 6 0.6

Abstract The formation of competencies in management and administration has distinctive characteristics that require teaching and evaluation strategies congruent with this field of study. The objective of the research was to analyze the teaching and learning evaluation methodologies in the field of undergraduate programs in the field of management and administration at the Universidad de Antofagasta, Chile, through a mixed design carried out during the years 2021 and 2022. It considers the documentary analysis of subject programs and learning guides of a single case, as well as the participation of 10 final year students and 5 teachers as key informants, who through semi-structured interviews and focus groups share their experiences and perspectives on the formative process. The main findings of the study show an important presence of traditional teaching and evaluation methodologies, such as lectures or theoretical tests, combined with active student-centered methodologies such as problem-based learning or role-playing. The key informants' accounts expose the repercussions of the online modality implemented during the pandemic, especially on faculty motivation due to low student attendance and participation in virtual classes. The main conclusion states that the studied case shows some of the complexities for university teaching arising from the change of paradigm proposed by the model of training by labor competences, which requires the strengthening of teaching professionalization for the implementation of teaching and evaluation methodologies related to the training model indicated in the case study.

Resumen La formación de competencias en gestión y administración posee características distintivas que requieren estrategias docentes y evaluativas congruentes con dicho campo de estudio. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar las metodologías de enseñanza y evaluación de los aprendizajes en el ámbito de los programas de pregrado del campo de la gestión y la administración en la Universidad de Antofagasta, Chile, mediante un diseño mixto realizado durante los años 2021 y 2022. Se considera el análisis documental de los programas de asignaturas y guías de aprendizaje de un caso único, así como la participación de 10 estudiantes de último año y 5 docentes como informantes clave, quienes mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales comparten sus experiencias y perspectivas sobre el proceso formativo. Los principales hallazgos del estudio muestran una presencia importante de metodologías tradicionales de enseñanza y evaluación, tales como clases magistrales o pruebas teóricas, combinadas con metodologías activas centradas en el estudiantado como aprendizaje basado en problemas o juego de roles. Los relatos de las personas informantes clave, exponen las repercusiones de la modalidad online implementada durante la pandemia, especialmente en la motivación del cuerpo docente por la baja asistencia y participación del estudiantado en clases virtuales. La principal conclusión expone que el caso estudiado evidencia algunas de las complejidades para la docencia universitaria emanadas del cambio de paradigma que propone el modelo de formación por competencias laborales, lo que requiere el fortalecimiento de la profesionalización docente para la implementación de metodologías de enseñanza y de evaluación afines con el modelo formativo indicado en el caso de estudio.

RESUMO: Os objetivos deste trabalho foram verificar a distribuição espacial e temporal da lagarta-da-oliveira (Palpita forficifera Munroe, 1959) em uma nova região com potencial de cultivo de oliveira e avaliar a eficiência de controle desta praga com bioinseticidas. O pomar experimental com as cultivares Koroneiki e Arbequina foi implantado em Pato Branco, região Sudoeste do Paraná, Brasil. No pomar foram realizadas contagens semanais de lagartas em 25 plantas de cada cultivar, durante 12 meses, para verificar a distribuição espacial e temporal. Além disso, em condições de laboratório, larvas de segundo instar foram submetidas à alimentação com folhas de oliveira tratadas com óleo de neem (Azadirachta indica), Bacillus thuringiensis, Metarhizium anisopliae e Beauveria bassiana, e a efetividade de mortalidade das larvas foi utilizada para comparação entre os quatro bioinseticidas e a testemunha. As lagartas de P. forficifera ocorreram concentradas durante os três meses de verão, tiveram preferência hospedeira pela cultivar Arbequina (68,9% do total de larvas registradas), e ocorreram em padrão de distribuição aleatório ao longo do pomar. A aplicação de óleo de neem (A. indica) ou de B. thuringiensis causaram quase 100% de mortalidade das larvas em condições de laboratório. RESUMO lagartadaoliveira lagarta Palpita Munroe 1959 Branco Paraná Brasil 2 1 disso laboratório Azadirachta indica, indica , bassiana testemunha P verão 68,9% 689 68 9 (68,9 registradas, registradas registradas) A. (A B 100 195 68,9 6 (68, 10 19 68, (68 (6 (

ABSTRACT: We verified the spatial and temporal distribution of the olive leaf moth (Palpita forficifera Munroe, 1959) in a new potential region for olive cultivation and evaluated the bioinsecticides effectiveness to control this pest. The experimental orchard composed by Koroneiki and Arbequina cultivars was planted in Pato Branco, Southwest region of Paraná, Brazil. In the field, larvae counts were performed weekly on 25 plants of each cultivar, for 12 months, to verify the spatial and temporal distribution. Furthermore, in laboratory conditions, second instar larvae of P. forficifera were fed with olive leaves treated with Azadirachta indica oil, Bacillus thuringiensis, Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana, and the effectiveness in the larvae mortality was used to compare four bioinsecticides and control. The P. forficifera larvae occurred mainly during the three summer months, had a host preference for the ‘Arbequina’ (68.9% of total larvae) and occurred at random distribution patterns throughout the orchard. The A. indica oil and B. thuringiensis both caused almost 100% larvae mortality under laboratory conditions. ABSTRACT Palpita Munroe 1959 pest Branco Paraná Brazil field 2 cultivar 1 months Furthermore conditions P bassiana ‘Arbequina 68.9% 689 68 9 (68.9 A B 100 195 68.9 6 (68. 10 19 68. (68 (6 (

Background: Clinical reasoning (CR) is a training mainstay in health care careers. Aim: To describe the perception of students and teachers about the development of clinical CR in Kinesiology and Dentistry careers. Material and Methods: Exploratory descriptive qualitative study, with 12 informants (six teachers and six students), applying a script of questions through a semi-structured interview. A thematic inductive data analysis was carried out. Results: Two hundred thirty-five meaning units, 38 codes, seven subcategories and three categories were collected. CR was reported as a basic analysis process in health care training. Its necessary elements are knowledge, a learning environment and a facilitator teacher, among others. Motivation, analysis models, variability and exposure are reported as facilitating factors for the development of CR. Teacher paternalism, resistance to change and few learning opportunities are presented as obstacles. Active strategies such as clinical cases, simulation and clinical practice are perceived as facilitators for the development of CR. Those situations where the student does not assume a leading role such as lectures and activities in large groups, are considered as obstacles. Conclusions: Both students and teachers point to CR as an analysis process that is indispensable in both careers. Exposure to variable educational experiences through active educational strategies in small groups encourages CR.

ABSTRACT Cuba’s informal currency market has undergone a considerable growth in recent years, reaching a greater complexity in its organization and operation. The goal of this article is to contribute to a better understanding of the behavior of this kind of market, by describing its sources of supply and demand. Although these sources have undergone some changes depending on the situation, they have remained relatively stable, with the portfolio motive and informal imports being the main sources of demand, and informal remittances and tourism the fundamental sources of supply. In the last two years, the expansion of dollarization, the notable reduction of the good supply in pesos, the intensification of the blockade, the effects of COVID-19 and the fall in tourism, have led to transformations in this market and in the incentives, acquiring the portfolio motive and informal remittances a major role.

RESUMEN El mercado informal de divisas en Cuba ha experimentado un crecimiento considerable en los últimos años, por lo que ha alcanzado una mayor complejidad en su organización y funcionamiento. El objetivo del presente artículo fue contribuir a una mejor comprensión del comportamiento de este mercado, a partir de describir sus fuentes de oferta y demanda. Si bien estas fuentes han experimentado algunos cambios en función de la coyuntura, se han mantenido relativamente estables, con el motivo portafolio y la importación informal como las principales fuentes de demanda, y las remesas informales y el turismo como las fuentes de oferta fundamentales. En los últimos dos años la apertura y expansión del comercio en dólares, la notable reducción de la oferta de bienes y servicios en pesos, la agudización del bloqueo, los efectos de la COVID-19 y la caída del turismo han supuesto transformaciones en este mercado y en los incentivos de los agentes económicos, por lo que el motivo portafolio y las remesas informales han adquirido un papel predominante.

ABSTRACT: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) may be harmlessly intercropped with Urochloa species during the off-season in the Brazilian Cerrado. At the end of the sorghum cycle, forages can be used for straw production for soybean (Glycine max L.) as the summer crop. This study aimed to evaluate sorghum cultivated during the off-season, intercropped with palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. ‘Marandu’ (Hochst. ex A. Rich). R. D. Webster) and Congo grass (Urochloa ruziziensis (R. Germ. and Evrard) Crins) in two row spacings (0.5 and 0.7 m) for their effect on plant growth, dry mass production, sorghum yield and soybean grain yield. The experiment was a randomized block design: a 3 × 2 factorial scheme, with three levels of intercropping (palisade grass, Congo grass or sole cropping) and two levels of row spacing (0.5 or 0.7 m) with four replicates. Several physiological growth indexes were estimated from 10 to 60 days after emergence (DAE), including dry matter production and sorghum agronomic performance. Sorghum accumulated 0.22 g of dry matter d−1 at 10 to 60 DAE, and was not affected by intercropping. The dry mass gain of forages (0.04 g d−1 on average) was not affected by sorghum either. Higher sorghum grain yield (2,922 kg ha−1) was observed under the 0.5-m row spacing when compared to the 0.7-m spacing. The results indicate that palisade or Congo grass may be used as companion crops for sorghum with no grain yield loss, be it to improve soybean grain yield, soil cover or integrated crop systems, aiming at sustainable intensification.

RESUMO: A propagação seminal de pequizeiro acarreta grande variabilidade na taxa de germinação e no genótipo das mudas produzidas, mostrando a necessidade do desenvolvimento de técnicas para a propagação vegetativa dessa espécie, como a alporquia. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a eficácia da alporquia, bem como o efeito do diâmetro do caule e da planta-mãe na sobrevivência, no calejamento e no enraizamento de alporques de pequizeiro. O processo de alporquia foi realizado em meados de dezembro de 2019, nos seguintes diâmetros de caule: inferior a 15 mm; 15-19 mm; 20-24 mm; 25-29 mm e superior a 29 mm. Os tratamentos foram testados em quatro repetições de 10 alporques. Após três meses, avaliaram-se as porcentagens de sobrevivência, de calejamento e de enraizamento, além do vigor de enraizamento. As porcentagens de sobrevivência e de calejamento nos alporques, independentemente da planta matriz, foram superiores a 85%, mostrando o grande potencial dessa técnica na reprodução de pequizeiro. A taxa de diferenciação de calos em raízes variou entre as matrizes. Considerando os parâmetros avaliados, diâmetros de caule de 20 a 24 mm são os mais adequados para a alporquia em pequizeiro. Esses resultados indicam o potencial da técnica de alporquia para a produção comercial de mudas de pequizeiro.

ABSTRACT: Seed propagation of pequizeiro (Caryocar brasiliense) has many disadvantages, including low germination rates and high genetic variability of the resulting plants. Therefore, vegetative propagation techniques, such as the air layering process, are potentially important for this species. This study evaluated the effects of stem diameter and parental plant on the air layering efficacy of pequizeiro. The air layering process was carried out in mid-December 2019, in the following stem diameters: less than 15 mm; 15-19 mm; 20-24 mm; 25-29 mm and above 29 mm. The treatments comprised four replicates of 10 air layers. After 3 months, the percentages of survival, callus formation and rooting were evaluated, in addition to the rooting vigor. The percentages of survival and callus formation observed in the air layering, regardless the parental plant, were higher than 85%, showing the high potential of this technique in the propagation of pequizeiro. The callus differentiation rate in roots varied between the parental plants. Considering the evaluated parameters, stem diameters ranging from 20 to 24 mm are the most suitable ones for the air layering process in pequizeiro. These results indicated the high potential of the air layering technique for the commercial propagation of pequizeiro.

Resumen Este estudio busca comprender si una intervención desarrollada con habitantes de calle en Medellín, Colombia, favoreció el fortalecimiento de algunos activos de los participantes, relacionados con su resocialización, tomando como base la perspectiva del Desarrollo Positivo. Se realizó un estudio comprensivo mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas a tres personas que participaron de un programa de resocialización. Se indagó por la presencia de fortalezas internas y externas, por su socialización primaria y secundaria, su trayectoria en la calle, el proceso vivido en el programa y lo sucedido después de su egreso. Los resultados evidenciaron que el principal impulsor del cambio subjetivo y que llevó al no retorno a la calle fue la modificación de la relación consigo mismo.

Abstract This study seeks to understand whether an intervention developed with homeless people in Medellin, Colombia, favored the strengthening of some of the participants’ assets, related to their resocialization, based on the perspective of Positive Development. A comprehensive study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with three people, who participated in a resocialization program. It was ascertained by the presence of internal and external strengths, for their primary and secondary socialization, their path on the street, the process lived in the program, and what happened to them after their leaving the program. The results showed that the main driver of subjective change and what made them not to return to the street was the modification of the relationship with themselves.

Background: The crossed cerebro-cerebellar (CCC) activation facilitates the diagnosis of cortical language lateralization, but needs to be explored with language tasks suitable for patients with different age ranges, educational attainment and eventual presence of language deficits. Aim: To determine the effect of demographic variables in the performance of three language tasks in healthy volunteers and to determine the CCC activation of these tasks as a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm in brain tumor patients. Material and Methods: The behavioral performance (correct responses and reaction time) of three language tasks (verbal fluency, semantic and phonological decision tasks) was first examined in 76 healthy volunteers balanced by age and educational level. Later, these tasks were implemented as fMRI paradigms to explore CCC language activation of 20 patients with potential diagnosis of brain tumors. Results: The performance of the verbal fluency task was affected by age. The CCC language activation was reproducible with the semantic and phonological tasks. The combination of the tasks determined typical and atypical language lateralization in 60% and 40% of our patients, respectively. Conclusions: The verbal fluency task must be implemented with care as a clinical fMRI paradigm. Our results suggest that semantic and phonological tasks can be a good alternative for brain tumor patients with language deficits.