RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a taxa e as causas de cancelamento em unidade de cirurgia ambulatorial em uma policlínica universitária integrante do Sistema Único de Saúde e situada no município do Rio de Janeiro. Método: estudo transversal, desenvolvido em centro cirúrgico ambulatorial de uma policlínica universitária da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Dados do período de agosto de 2021 a julho de 2022 foram extraídos do banco de dados da instituição via formulário contendo variáveis sociodemográficas e clínica dos pacientes, mês, especialidade cirúrgica, causas e período do cancelamento. Para variável faixa etária utilizou-se o teste de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney, e para variáveis mês e especialidade, o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson, adotado nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: dentre as 2.147 cirurgias ambulatoriais agendadas, 334 foram canceladas, com taxa de cancelamento cirúrgico anual de 15,55%. Houve diferença estatística significativa nos cancelamentos ocorridos no mês de dezembro (p= 0,010), na especialidade cirúrgica vascular (p= 0,001) e em pacientes idosos (p= 0,007). Foram encontradas dez causas de cancelamento, sendo as mais frequentes relacionadas à falta do paciente (n=117; 35,03%), às condições clínicas desfavoráveis (n=92; 27,54%) e à inconformidade no preparo pré-operatório (n=30; 8,98%). Conclusão: a taxa de cancelamento cirúrgico foi elevada, sobretudo pela falta e pelas condições clínicas do paciente no dia da cirurgia. Espera-se que os dados possam contribuir para subsidiar e sensibilizar a participação ativa de todos os profissionais envolvidos em cirurgia ambulatorial, de modo a evitar cancelamento. Objetivo Janeiro Método transversal Brasil 202 utilizouse utilizou se WilcoxonMannWhitney, WilcoxonMannWhitney Wilcoxon Mann Whitney, Whitney Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney quiquadrado qui quadrado Pearson 5 5% Resultados 2147 2 147 2.14 agendadas 33 canceladas 1555 15 55 15,55% p= p (p 0,010, 0010 0,010 , 0 010 0,010) 0,001 0001 001 0,007. 0007 0,007 . 007 0,007) n=117 n117 n 117 (n=117 35,03%, 3503 35,03% 35 03 35,03%) n=92 n92 92 (n=92 27,54% 2754 27 54 préoperatório pré operatório n=30 n30 30 (n=30 8,98%. 898 8,98% 8 98 8,98%) Conclusão elevada Esperase Espera 20 214 14 2.1 3 155 1 15,55 0,01 01 0,00 000 00 n=11 n11 11 (n=11 350 35,03 n=9 n9 9 (n=9 27,54 275 n=3 n3 (n=3 89 8,98 21 2. 15,5 0,0 n=1 n1 (n=1 35,0 n= (n= 27,5 8,9 15, 0, 35, (n 27, 8,

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the rate and causes of cancellations in an outpatient surgery unit at a university polyclinic that is part of the Unified Health System and located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Method: a cross-sectional study carried out in the outpatient surgical center of a university polyclinic in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The data for the period August 2021 to July 2022 was extracted from the institution's database using a form containing the patients' sociodemographic and clinical variables, month, surgical specialty, causes and period of cancellation. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was used for the age group variable, and Pearson's chi-square test was used for the month and specialty variables, with a significance level of 5%. Results: of the 2,147 outpatient surgeries scheduled, 334 were canceled, with an annual surgical cancellation rate of 15.55%. There was a statistically significant difference in cancellations in December (p= 0.010), in the vascular surgery specialty (p= 0.001) and in older adults (p= 0.007). A total of ten causes of cancellation were found, the most frequent being patient absence (n=117; 35.03%), unfavorable clinical conditions (n=92; 27.54%) and non-compliance with preoperative preparation (n=30; 8.98%). Conclusion: the surgical cancellation rate was high, mainly due to the patient's absence and clinical conditions on the day of surgery. It is hoped that the data will help to subsidize and raise awareness of the active participation of all professionals involved in outpatient surgery, in order to avoid cancellations. Objective Janeiro Method crosssectional cross sectional Brazil 202 institutions institution s patients variables WilcoxonMannWhitney Wilcoxon Mann Whitney variable Pearsons Pearson chisquare chi square 5 5% Results 2147 2 147 2,14 scheduled 33 canceled 1555 15 55 15.55% p= p (p 0.010, 0010 0.010 , 0 010 0.010) 0.001 0001 001 0.007. 0007 0.007 . 007 0.007) found n=117 n117 n 117 (n=117 35.03%, 3503 35.03% 35 03 35.03%) n=92 n92 92 (n=92 27.54% 2754 27 54 noncompliance non compliance n=30 n30 30 (n=30 8.98%. 898 8.98% 8 98 8.98%) Conclusion high 20 214 14 2,1 3 155 1 15.55 0.01 01 0.00 000 00 n=11 n11 11 (n=11 350 35.03 n=9 n9 9 (n=9 27.54 275 n=3 n3 (n=3 89 8.98 21 2, 15.5 0.0 n=1 n1 (n=1 35.0 n= (n= 27.5 8.9 15. 0. 35. (n 27. 8.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la tasa y causas de cancelación en un centro de cirugía ambulatoria de un policlínico universitario que forma parte del Sistema Único de Salud ubicado en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro. Método: estudio transversal, desarrollado en un centro quirúrgico ambulatorio de un policlínico universitario de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Los datos del período de agosto de 2021 a julio de 2022 se extrajeron de la base de datos de la institución mediante un formulario que contenía las variables sociodemográficas y clínicas de los pacientes, mes, especialidad quirúrgica, causas y período de cancelación. Para la variable grupo de edad se utilizó la prueba de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney, y para las variables mes y especialidad, la prueba chi-cuadrado de Pearson, adoptándose un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: de las 2.147 cirugías ambulatorias programadas, 334 fueron canceladas, con una tasa de cancelación quirúrgica anual del 15,55%. Hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en las cancelaciones ocurridas en diciembre (p= 0,010), en la especialidad de cirugía vascular (p= 0,001) y en pacientes de edad avanzada (p= 0,007). Se encontraron diez causas de cancelación, siendo las más frecuentes las relacionadas con ausencia del paciente (n=117; 35,03%), condiciones clínicas desfavorables (n=92; 27,54%) e incumplimiento en la preparación preoperatoria (n=30; 8,98). %). Conclusión: la tasa de cancelación quirúrgica fue alta, principalmente por la ausencia del paciente y las condiciones clínicas el día de la cirugía. Se espera que los datos puedan contribuir al apoyo y concientizacion sobre la necesidad de participación activa de todos los profesionales implicados en la cirugía ambulatoria, para evitar cancelaciones. Objetivo Janeiro Método transversal Brasil 202 WilcoxonMannWhitney, WilcoxonMannWhitney Wilcoxon Mann Whitney, Whitney Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney chicuadrado chi cuadrado Pearson 5 5% Resultados 2147 2 147 2.14 programadas 33 canceladas 1555 15 55 15,55% p= p (p 0,010, 0010 0,010 , 0 010 0,010) 0,001 0001 001 0,007. 0007 0,007 . 007 0,007) n=117 n117 n 117 (n=117 35,03%, 3503 35,03% 35 03 35,03%) n=92 n92 92 (n=92 27,54% 2754 27 54 n=30 n30 30 (n=30 8,98. 898 8,98 8 98 8,98) %. % %) Conclusión alta 20 214 14 2.1 3 155 1 15,55 0,01 01 0,00 000 00 n=11 n11 11 (n=11 350 35,03 n=9 n9 9 (n=9 27,54 275 n=3 n3 (n=3 89 8,9 21 2. 15,5 0,0 n=1 n1 (n=1 35,0 n= (n= 27,5 8, 15, 0, 35, (n 27,

Resumo Objetivo Identificar o perfil de mobilidade nos espaços de vida em idosos que vivem na comunidade e estabelecer a precisão dos pontos de corte desse instrumento para discriminar entre níveis de fragilidade, fragilidade em marcha e de risco de sarcopenia. Método Estudo observacional e metodológico com 391 participantes com 72 anos e mais (80,4±4,6), que responderam ao Life Space Assessment (LSA) e a medidas de rastreio de fragilidade e risco de sarcopenia usando respectivamente o fenótipo de fragilidade e o SARC-F. Os pontos de corte para fragilidade e risco de sarcopenia foram determinados por meio da Curva ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) com intervalos de confiança de 95%. Resultados A média da pontuação no LSA foi 53,6±21,8. Os pontos de corte de melhor acurácia diagnóstica foram ≤54 pontos para fragilidade em marcha (AUC= 0,645 95%; p<0,001) e ≤60 pontos para risco de sarcopenia (AUC= 0,651 95%; p<0,001). Conclusão A capacidade de idosos de se deslocar nos vários níveis de espaços de vida, avaliado pelo LSA demonstrou ser uma ferramenta viável que pode contribuir no rastreio de fragilidade em marcha e de risco de sarcopenia e, com isso, prevenir desfechos negativos.

Abstract Objective To identify the profile of a sample of older people recruited at home based on a measure of life-space mobility and to establish the accuracy of the cut-off points of this instrument for discriminating between levels of frailty, frailty in walking speed and risk of sarcopenia. Method An observational methodological study of 391 participants aged ≥72 (80.4±4.6) years, who answered the Life-Space Assessment (LSA) and underwent frailty and risk of sarcopenia screening using the frailty phenotype and SARC-F measures, respectively, was performed. The cut-off points for frailty and risk of sarcopenia were determined using ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curves and their respective 95% confidence intervals. Results Mean total LSA score was 53.6±21.8. The cut-off points with the best diagnostic accuracy for total LSA were ≤54 points for frailty in walking speed (AUC=0.645 95%; p<0.001) and ≤60 points for risk of sarcopenia (AUC=0.651 95%; p<0.001). Conclusion The ability of older people to move around life-space levels, as assessed by the LSA, proved a promising tool to screen for frailty in walking speed and risk of sarcopenia, thus contributing to the prevention of adverse outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: Há diversas terapias sendo utilizadas, consideradas ou propostas para o tratamento da COVID-19, muitas carecendo de apropriada avaliação de efetividade e segurança. O propósito deste documento é fornecer recomendações baseadas nas evidências científicas disponíveis e em sua interpretação transparente, para subsidiar decisões sobre o tratamento farmacológico da COVID-19 no Brasil. Métodos: Um grupo de 27 especialistas e metodologistas integraram a força-tarefa formada pela Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira (AMIB), pela Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia (SBI) e pela Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia (SBPT). Foram realizadas revisões sistemáticas rápidas, atualizadas até 28 de abril de 2020. A qualidade das evidências e a elaboração das recomendações seguiram o sistema GRADE. As recomendações foram elaboradas nos dias 5, 8 e 13 de maio de 2020. Resultados: Foram geradas 11 recomendações, embasadas em evidência de nível baixo ou muito baixo. Não há indicação para uso de rotina de hidroxicloroquina, cloroquina, azitromicina, lopinavir/ritonavir, corticosteroides ou tocilizumabe no tratamento da COVID-19. Heparina deve ser utilizada em doses profiláticas no paciente hospitalizado, mas não deve ser realizada anticoagulação na ausência de indicação clínica específica. Antibacterianos e oseltamivir devem ser considerados somente nos pacientes em suspeita de coinfecção bacteriana ou por influenza, respectivamente. Conclusão: Até o momento, não há intervenções farmacológicas com efetividade e segurança comprovada que justifiquem seu uso de rotina no tratamento da COVID-19, devendo os pacientes serem tratados preferencialmente no contexto de pesquisa clínica. As recomendações serão revisadas continuamente, de forma a capturar a geração de novas evidências.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Different therapies are currently used, considered, or proposed for the treatment of COVID-19; for many of those therapies, no appropriate assessment of effectiveness and safety was performed. This document aims to provide scientifically available evidence-based information in a transparent interpretation, to subsidize decisions related to the pharmacological therapy of COVID-19 in Brazil. Methods: A group of 27 experts and methodologists integrated a task-force formed by professionals from the Brazilian Association of Intensive Care Medicine (Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira - AMIB), the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases (Sociedad Brasileira de Infectologia - SBI) and the Brazilian Society of Pulmonology and Tisiology (Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia - SBPT). Rapid systematic reviews, updated on April 28, 2020, were conducted. The assessment of the quality of evidence and the development of recommendations followed the GRADE system. The recommendations were written on May 5, 8, and 13, 2020. Results: Eleven recommendations were issued based on low or very-low level evidence. We do not recommend the routine use of hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, azithromycin, lopinavir/ritonavir, corticosteroids, or tocilizumab for the treatment of COVID-19. Prophylactic heparin should be used in hospitalized patients, however, no anticoagulation should be provided for patients without a specific clinical indication. Antibiotics and oseltamivir should only be considered for patients with suspected bacterial or influenza coinfection, respectively. Conclusion: So far no pharmacological intervention was proven effective and safe to warrant its use in the routine treatment of COVID-19 patients; therefore such patients should ideally be treated in the context of clinical trials. The recommendations herein provided will be revised continuously aiming to capture newly generated evidence.

BACKGROUND Despite efforts to mitigate the impact of dengue virus (DENV) epidemics, the virus remains a public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Most DENV cases in the Americas between January and July 2019 were reported in Brazil. São Paulo State in the southeast of Brazil has reported nearly half of all DENV infections in the country. OBJECTIVES To understand the origin and dynamics of the 2019 DENV outbreak. METHODS Here using portable nanopore sequencing we generated20 new DENV genome sequences from viremic patients with suspected dengue infection residing in two of the most-affected municipalities of São Paulo State, Araraquara and São José do Rio Preto. We conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis with 1,630 global DENV strains to better understand the evolutionary history of the DENV lineages that currently circulate in the region. FINDINGS The new outbreak strains were classified as DENV2 genotype III (American/Asian genotype). Our analysis shows that the 2019 outbreak is the result of a novel DENV lineage that was recently introduced to Brazil from the Caribbean region. Dating phylogeographic analysis suggests that DENV2-III BR-4 was introduced to Brazil in or around early 2014, possibly from the Caribbean region. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our study describes the early detection of a newly introduced and rapidly-expanding DENV2 virus lineage in Brazil.

ABSTRACT We conducted the genome sequencing and analysis of the first confirmed COVID-19 infections in Brazil. Rapid sequencing coupled with phylogenetic analyses in the context of travel history corroborate multiple independent importations from Italy and local spread during the initial stage of COVID-19 transmission in Brazil.

ABSTRACT It is widely known that high fat diet (HFD) can contribute to the advent of health problems. Recent studies have indicated that obesity imposes a hemodynamic overload to the kidneys. In order to further investigate such injuries, two groups of six Swiss mice each were fed with a controlled AIN93G diet or a high fat (AIN93G modified) diet for eight weeks. Blood samples were collected to determine the hormonal, lipid profile, glucose, urea, and creatinine levels. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis were carried out to analysis the kidney damage. Fractions of renal membranes were prepared to assess the Na,K-ATPase activity, lipid peroxidation, total cholesterol, and phospholipid content. The results indicated that the blood lipid profile, urea and creatinine was not altered by the HFD. On the other hand, it was observed in HFD diet mice elevated glucose blood levels along with an augment on insulin and a decrease on corticosterone release. HFD provoked a reduction in the diameter of the convoluted tubules and cell volume in Bowman’s capsule and an increased number of positive cells with Na,K-ATPase, but reduced the Na,K-ATPase activity and the cholesterol content in the kidney cell membrane but favored the lipid peroxidation.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To determine the trans fatty acids content of processed foods frequently consumed by adults living in a Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, after the enactment of a mandatory trans fatty acids labelling policy. METHODS Between February 2014 and January 2015, a specifically dietary questionnaire was completed by 107 adults to assess the frequency of processed foods consumption. The most commonly consumed products from the survey, including vegetable oils, margarine, biscuits, snacks, cheese bread (pão de queijo), french fries, cheeseburger and ice cream, were then analyzed for their trans fatty acids content using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. RESULTS Differences in the levels of trans fatty acids were observed among 22 products analyzed, considering that trans fatty acids content ranged between 0.0 g/100 g in samples of cream cracker biscuit 1 and olive oil to 0.83 g/100 g in samples of cheeseburger (fast food), 0.51 g/100 g in samples of frozen pão de queijo and 12.92 g/100 g in samples of chocolate sandwich cookies with cream filling 2. The overall trans fatty acids content of the different samples of margarine brands was 0.20 g/100 g for brand 1 and 0.0 g/100 g for brand 2. These data are significantly lower than those observed in a survey conducted in 2003, when the regulation had been enacted. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that Brazilian regulation is very likely implicated in the observed drop in trans fatty acids of the most processed foods but has yet to eliminate them, which reinforces the urgent need to revise the legislation, since a minimum amount of trans fat does not mean that the food product does not contain this type of fat.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To determine the trans fatty acids content of processed foods frequently consumed by adults living in a Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, after the enactment of a mandatory trans fatty acids labelling policy. METHODS Between February 2014 and January 2015, a specifically dietary questionnaire was completed by 107 adults to assess the frequency of processed foods consumption. The most commonly consumed products from the survey, including vegetable oils, margarine, biscuits, snacks, cheese bread (pão de queijo), french fries, cheeseburger and ice cream, were then analyzed for their trans fatty acids content using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. RESULTS Differences in the levels of trans fatty acids were observed among 22 products analyzed, considering that trans fatty acids content ranged between 0.0 g/100 g in samples of cream cracker biscuit 1 and olive oil to 0.83 g/100 g in samples of cheeseburger (fast food), 0.51 g/100 g in samples of frozen pão de queijo and 12.92 g/100 g in samples of chocolate sandwich cookies with cream filling 2. The overall trans fatty acids content of the different samples of margarine brands was 0.20 g/100 g for brand 1 and 0.0 g/100 g for brand 2. These data are significantly lower than those observed in a survey conducted in 2003, when the regulation had been enacted. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that Brazilian regulation is very likely implicated in the observed drop in trans fatty acids of the most processed foods but has yet to eliminate them, which reinforces the urgent need to revise the legislation, since a minimum amount of trans fat does not mean that the food product does not contain this type of fat.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o comportamento do fogo em um trecho de Floresta Estacional Semidecídua, usando as variáveis: intensidade do fogo, tempo de queima, material combustível, poder calorífico e calor liberado por área. Foram instaladas 10 parcelas de 5 x 5 m interdistantes em 1 m, perfazendo um total de 250 m2, em um fragmento denominado "Reserva da Biologia", pertencente à Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, (20º35'-28º50'S e 42º45'-43º00'W) onde foi realizada a queima controlada utilizando a técnica do fogo a favor do vento, obedecendo ao sentido do aclive. Determinou-se a quantidade de matéria seca, velocidade de propagação do fogo, intensidade, calor liberado e poder calorífico. O tempo de duração da queima variou entre as parcelas de 3'30" a 9'18". A velocidade do vento, temperatura e umidade relativa do ar no dia da queima permaneceram constantes em todas as parcelas, apresentando valores de 3,5 m s-1 Norte, 20ºC e 79%, respectivamente. Os parâmetros do comportamento do fogo variaram entre as parcelas em: 0,32 a 1,10 kg m-2 para material combustível, 11,94 a 75,79 Kcal s-1m-1 para a intensidade de queima e 1111 a 3789 Kcal m-2 para o calor liberado por área. Os valores médios para velocidade de propagação e poder calorífico foram 0,017 m s-1 e 4411 Kcal Kg-1, respectivamente. As condições climáticas de Viçosa em 2005 foram atípicas em relação aos outros anos, não apresentando nenhum mês seco. Esta condição interferiu nos parâmetros do comportamento do fogo, fazendo com que a queima fosse classificada como de baixa intensidade.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fire behavior on a part of Semideciduous Seasonal Forest, using the variables: fire intensity, burning time, fuel, heat content and heat released. Ten plots of 5 by 5 meters were used , totalizing 250 m2, and the distance between each plot was 1 meter in a place named "Reserva da Biologia" property of Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, (20º35'-28º50'S e 42º45'-43º00'W) . In this place a control burning was performed using strip headfire technique, obeying the slope direction. The amount of local dry matter, fire propagation velocity, intensity, heat released and heat content were measured. The time duration of the burning ranged between plots of 3'30 "to 9'18". Wind velocity, temperature, relative humidity were constant in all plots, with values 3, 5 m s-1 North, 20º C and 79% respectively. The values found for fire behavior variables ranged between plots: from 0, 32 to 1, and 10 Kg m-2 for fuel, from 11, 94 to 75,79 Kcals-1m-1 for burning intensity and from 1111 to 3789 Kcal m-2 for heat released. The average values for rate of spread and heat released were 0,017 m s-1 and 4411 Kcal Kg-1, respectively. In the year 2005, the weather conditions were atypical comparing to another years in Viçosa, witch in every month occurs a certain amount of rain. This fact had interference in the fire behavior parameters, for that reason the burning were classified as low intensity.

Fitobezoares são estruturas formadas pela agregação de fibras, principalmente vegetais, no trato digestivo de ruminantes, ocasionando obstruções intestinais que podem levar o animal à morte. Informações sobre a formação desse aglomerado ainda são escassas. Neste estudo, são identificados os principais componentes de fitobezoares bovinos, e descrita as estruturas anatômicas das folhas de três espécies de Stylosanthes SW.: S.capitata Vogel, S. macrocephala M. B. Ferreira & S. Costa, S. guianensis var. vulgaris M.B. Ferreira & Sousa Costa cv. 'Mineirão' e S. guianensis (Aubl.) Sw. As plantas selecionadas são utilizadas na dieta do gado e potenciais formadoras do fitobezoar. Os fitobezoares foram fragmentados para análise de sua composição e analisados seguindo-se as técnicas da anatomia vegetal. As fibras e cristais encontrados em fitobezoares são similares aos observados nos feixes esclerenquimáticos presentes nos folíolos das espécies de Stylosanthes avaliadas. Nossos resultados apontam diferenças na abundância de fibras nos folíolos de cada espécie. S. macrocephala é a variedade que sugere maior potencial para formação de fitobezoares no trato digestivo de animais que se alimentam dessa leguminosa, devido a abundância de fibras e cristais presentes na folha. Os feixes esclerenquimáticos, idioblastos e a abundância de cristais de oxalato de cálcio nas espécies Stylosanthes podem potencializar a formação de fitobezoares em ruminantes, em especial quando essas leguminosas são consumidas em excesso.

Phytobezoars are structures formed by the aggregation of primarily plant fibers in the digestive tract of ruminants, causing intestinal obstruction that can lead to the death of an animal. Information about the formation of these clusters is scarce. This study identified the main components of bovine phytobezoars and described the leaf anatomy of three species and one variety of Stylosanthes SW.: S.capitata Vogel, S. macrocephala B. Ferreira & S. Costa, S. guianensis var. vulgaris M.B. & Sousa Ferreira Costa cv. 'Mineirão' and S. guianensis (Aubl.) Sw. These plants are used as feed for livestock and probably contribute to the formation of phytobezoars. The phytobezoars were fragmented for analysis of their internal composition and were studied according to plant anatomy techniques. The fibers and crystals found in phytobezoars were similar to the sclerenchyma fiber bundles found in Stylosanthes. The comparative analysis of Stylosanthes showed differences in the abundance of fibers in the leaflets of each species. S. macrocephala is the variety that may have the highest potential for formation of phytobezoars in the digestive tract of animals because there was an abundance of fibers and crystals present in the leaf. The sclerenchyma bundles, idioblasts, and the abundance of calcium oxalate crystals in Stylosanthes species may potentiate the formation of phytobezoars in ruminants, particularly when these legumes are consumed in excess.

RESUMO Este estudo foi realizado no fragmento "Reserva da Biologia", situado na Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, (20º35'-28º50'S e 42º45'-43º00'W) onde foram instaladas 10 parcelas de 5 x 5 m interdistantes em 1 m. Foi realizada uma queima controlada nas parcelas instaladas, utilizando a técnica do fogo a favor do vento, obedecendo ao sentido do aclive. O objetivo foi caracterizar o banco de sementes do solo antes e depois do fogo, para verificar os efeitos desse distúrbio na densidade das populações e na composição florística da comunidade vegetal. No centro de cada parcela foi coletada uma amostra de solo de 40 x 25 cm, a partir da superfície da serapilheira até 5 cm de profundidade. Um dia após a coleta das amostras de solos as parcelas foram submetidas à queima controlada. Imediatamente após a queima foram realizadas novas coletas de solo seguindo a mesma metodologia adotada anteriormente. Foram obtidas 528 e 429 sementes germinadas das amostras do banco de sementes do solo antes e após o fogo, respectivamente, pertencentes a 23 espécies de 14 famílias botânicas, sendo as mais representativas Melastomataceae, Asteraceae e Urticaceae. Entre as duas amostragens (antes e após o fogo) não houve redução significativa da riqueza de espécies e a similaridade florística foi de 34 %. Miconia cinnamomifolia e Leandra purpurascens foram as espécies mais abundantes nas duas amostragens. As espécies pioneiras se destacaram com 44 e 40 % das espécies presentes no banco de sementes antes e após o fogo, respectivamente.

ABSTRACT This study was carried out in a fragment called "Reserva da Biologia", which belongs to the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, in Minas Gerais State, Brazil (20º35'-28º50'S e 42º45'-43º00'W), where 10 plots of 5 x 5 m plots, 1m away from each other, were set up. A controlled burning was performed on the plots, following the wind-driven fire technique, according to the slope orientation. The objective was to characterize the soil seed of the tree community before and after fire, in order to verify the effects of such discontinuance on both population density and floristic composition. In the centre of each plot, one 40 x 25 cm soil sampling was collected, from the leaf litter downward 5cm deep. One day after the soil sampling the plots underwent controlled burning. New soil samplings were done immediately after burning, following the previous methodology. It was counted 528 and 429 seedlings emerging from the soil seed bank before and after the fire, respectively. Such plants were of 23 species and 14 botanical families, from which Melastomataceae, Asteraceae and Urticaceae stood out. There was no meaningful reduction in the species richness or in the density of individuals of the populations between both samplings. The floristic similarity was 34 %. Miconiacinnamomifolia and Leandra purpurascens were the most frequent/abundant species. Pioneer species stood out making up 44 and 40 % of the species found in the area before and after fire, respectively.

As sementes no solo desempenham o importante papel de promover a regeneração da vegetação e a conservação da biodiversidade local, mas, a despeito dessa importância, estão sujeitas a fatores bióticos e abióticos que podem inibir sua germinação, entre eles efeitos alelopáticos desencadeados pelas plantas que estão presentes no ambiente do solo. Neste trabalho foi testada a hipótese de que a germinação das sementes presentes no banco do solo sob vegetação de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (FES) é inibida sob o dossel de espécies arbóreas exóticas. Foram coletadas 50 amostras simples de 0,25 x 0,25 x 0,05 m do solo em um fragmento de FES, que foram homogeneizadas, constituindo amostra composta. Desta, foram retiradas amostras que foram submetidas a quatro tratamentos: depositadas em casa de vegetação (SMN-CV); devolvidas ao fragmento de mata (SMN-MN); depositadas sob dossel homogêneo de Pinus elliottii (SMN-P); e alocadas sob plantio homogêneo de Eucalyptus sp. (SMN-E). Foram coletadas, também, amostras de solo sob dossel de P. elliotti (SP-CV) e de Eucalyptus sp. (SE-CV), que foram transferidas para casa de vegetação. A cada 15 dias, o número de plantas foi contado em cada amostra e as plantas obtidas, identificadas quando possível. Foram obtidas, ao todo, 515 plantas de 15 famílias botânicas, 21 gêneros e 13 morfoespécies. A análise de variância dos dados e a comparação das médias pelo teste de Tukey-Kramer a 0,01% evidenciaram que não existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre o número de plantas obtidas em cada local. Esses resultados indicam que a baixa densidade e diversidade de plantas frequentemente verificadas no subosque de P. elliotti e Eucalyptus sp. não estão diretamente relacionadas com efeitos supressores promovidos pela presença dessas espécies, suportando dados recentes da literatura que apontam os plantios florestais de espécies exóticas como possíveis áreas de conservação da biodiversidade, em oposição à alcunha de "desertos verdes" que lhe são atribuídos.

The seeds in the soil play an important role in promoting the plant regeneration and acts on the local biodiversity conservation, but despite their importance, they are subject to biotic and abiotic factors that may inhibit their germination, including allelopathic effects triggered by the plants that are present in the soil environment. In this study we tested the hypothesis that the germination of seeds of seedbeds from Semidecidual Seasonal Forest (SSF) is inhibited under the canopy of exotic trees. Fifty (50) single samples of soil were collected (0.25 x 0.25 x 0.05 m) in a fragment of SSF; the samples were homogenized and from that new samples were taken and submitted to four (4) treatments: 10 samples were deposited in the greenhouse (SMN-CV); other 10 were returned to the forest fragment understory (SMN-MN); 10 were deposited on the soil under homogeneous canopy of Pinus elliottii (SMN-P) and the last 10 samples were allocated under homogeneous plantation of Eucalyptus sp (SMN-E).We also collected samples of soil under the canopies of P. elliottii (SP-CV) and Eucalyptus sp.(SE-CV) that were transferred to a greenhouse. The number of seedlings was counted at intervals of 15 days in each seedbed sample and the plants obtained were identified when possible. We obtained 515 plants from 15 botanical families, 21 genera and 13 morphospecies. The analysis of variance and comparison of means by Tukey-Kramer 0.01% showed no statistical differences between the treatements. Outcomes indicate that the low density and diversity of plants in P. elliottii and Eucalyptus sp understory are not directly corelated to suppressive effects promoted by the presence of these species, supporting recent data from literature that stands out the forest plantations of exotic species as possible areas for biodiversity conservation, in opposition to the designation of "green deserts" that are assigned to them.

Este estudo foi realizado em um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual pertencente à Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais (20º35'-28º50'S e 42º45'-43º00'W), onde foram instaladas 10 parcelas de 5 x 5 m interdistantes 1 m. Realizou-se a queima controlada nas parcelas utilizando a técnica do fogo a favor do vento e obedecendo ao sentido do aclive do terreno. Caracterizou-se florística e estruturalmente o estrato de regeneração natural antes e depois do fogo. O levantamento foi feito no canto superior direito de cada parcela, com o auxílio de um quadro de madeira de 1 x 1 m trançado com elástico em intervalos de 10 cm, formando uma rede para mapeamento dos indivíduos amostrados em dois períodos distintos: antes do tratamento com o fogo e dois anos após. Foram amostradas nos dois inventários 24 espécies, pertencentes a 12 famílias. As famílias com maior riqueza específica foram: Rubiaceae (6), Fabaceae (4) e Myrtaceae (4). A similaridade florística foi de 35%, sendo as espécies Sorocea bomplandii, Psychothria sessilis e Anadenanthera macrocarpa com maior valor de cobertura. Não houve redução significativa na densidade das espécies entre as amostragens, mas, sim, no índice de diversidade de Shannon. Os indivíduos amostrados eram de vegetação arbustiva e arbórea, sendo a rebrota mecanismo-chave na regeneração do fragmento.

This study was carried out in a fragment of a Seasonal Semideciduous Forest, which belongs to the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil (20º35'-28º50'S e 42º45'-43º00'W), where ten 5 x 5m plots, 1m away from each other, were set up. A controlled burning was performed on the plots, following the wind-driven fire technique, according to the slope orientation. The natural regeneration layer was floristically and structurally characterized before and after the fire. The floristic survey was performed on the upper right corner of each plot aided by a 1 x 1m wooden square strung with rubber bands each 10cm, making up a net for mapping the sampled individuals in two distinct periods; before fire treatment and then two years after that. Twenty four species and 12 families were sampled for both inventories. The families with greater species richness were: Rubiaceae (6), Fabaceae (4) e Myrtaceae (4). The floristic similarity found was 35% and the species with higher cover value were: Sorocea bomplandii, Psychothria sessilis, and Anadenanthera macrocarpa. There was no meaningful reduction in the species density between the samplings, the same cannot be considered for the Shannon diversity index. The individuals sampled belonged to shrubby or woody vegetation, with resprouting being the key mechanism for this fragment regeneration.

Bacteria isolated from marine sponges found off the coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were screened for the production of antimicrobial substances. We report a new Pseudomonas putida strain (designated P. putida Mm3) isolated from the sponge Mycale microsigmatosa that produces a powerful antimicrobial substance active against multidrug-resistant bacteria. P. putida Mm3 was identified on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic tests. Molecular typing for Mm3 was performed by RAPD-PCR and comparison of the results to other Pseudomonas strains. Our results contribute to the search for new antimicrobial agents, an important strategy for developing alternative therapies to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Este estudo objetivou avaliar a composição florística, a densidade e a freqüência de sementes, em 25 coletores, em um trecho de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual. Além disso, classificar os táxons quanto à forma de vida, às síndromes de dispersão e, nas arbóreas, quanto ao estádio sucessional e verificar a similaridade florística entre as espécies identificadas na chuva de sementes e as espécies arbóreas localizadas nas mesmas parcelas dos coletores. O trabalho foi realizado entre dezembro/2004 a novembro/2006. Foram reconhecidos 43 táxons, sendo que Leguminosae foi representada por 11 espécies. A forma de vida dominante foi arbórea (63,1%), as lianas foram representadas por 28,9% das espécies amostradas, as herbáceas por 5,3% e as arbustivas por 2,6%. A densidade média de sementes no primeiro ano foi de 113,92 sementes.m-2 e no segundo de 2.603,84 sementes.m-2. Essas diferenças demonstraram heterogeneidade espacial e temporal da chuva de sementes. A similaridade florística encontrada pelo índice de Sørensen entre as espécies da chuva de sementes e as espécies arbóreas do trecho do fragmento estudado foi de 32%, valor considerado baixo (< 50%). Esse resultado mostrou que a composição da vegetação arbórea adjacente pouco influenciou na chuva de sementes.

This study aims to evaluate the floristic composition, density and frequency of seeds in 25 traps in a section of seasonal semideciduous forest, as well as classify taxons as to life form, dispersal syndromes, and succession phase of the tree species, and verify floristic similarities between seed rain species and tree species located in the same plots. The work was carried out from December/2004 to November/2006. Forty three taxons were recognized and Leguminosae was represented by 11 species. The dominant life form was arboreal (63.1%), climbers were represented by 28.9% of the sampled species, herbs by 5.3% and shrubs by 2.6%. Mean seed density in the first year was 113.92 seeds.m-2 and 2603.84 seeds.m-2 in the second year. These differences showed spatial and seasonal heterogeneity of the seed rain. Floristic similarity using Sørensen's index between seed-rain species and tree species from the studied fragment was 32%, a value considered to be low (< 50%). This result showed that the adjacent arboreal vegetation composition had little influence on the seed rain.