Resumen En este estudio se presentan los resultados de un monitoreo de los escarabajos Aphodiinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) realizado con una trampa luminosa Pennsylvania-Minnesota con luz UV en el Centro Universitario Regional del Norte de la Universidad del Tolima en Armero Guayabal, Tolima, Colombia. Se recolectaron 21 especies/morfoespecies, cinco de ellas son nuevos registros en Colombia: Ataeniopsis regulus (Balthasar, 1947), Euparia mirabilis (Balthasar, 1945), Euparixia isthmia Gordon & McCleve, 2003, Lomanoxoides nigrolineatus (Hinton, 1938) y Saprositellus santaritae Stebnicka, 2003. Se obtuvieron registros adicionales en el país de estas especies a partir de la revisión de colecciones entomológicas colombianas. Estos nuevos registros aumentan la riqueza de Aphodiinae en el país a 61 especies y 25 géneros.

Abstract We present here the results of monitoring activities of the Aphodiinae beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) using a Pennsylvania-Minnesota light trap with UV light in the Centro Universitario Regional del Norte of the Universidad del Tolima, Armero Guayabal, Tolima, Colombia. A total of 21 species/morphospecies were collected, five of these are new records from Colombia: Ataeniopsis regulus (Balthasar, 1947), Euparia mirabilis (Balthasar, 1945), Euparixia isthmia Gordon & McCleve, 2003, Lomanoxoides nigrolineatus (Hinton, 1938), and Saprositellus santaritae Stebnicka, 2003. Additional records of these species for the country were obtained from the revision of Colombian entomological collections. These new records increase the Aphodiinae richness in the country up to 61 species and 25 genera.

Resumen Objetivos: Con el fin de conocer aspectos de biodiversidad y distribución de los carábidos del departamento del Tolima, y visibilizar el material para futuras investigaciones, se realizó la curaduría, identificación, diagnosis y sistematización del material depositado en el Museo del Laboratorio de Entomología de la Universidad del Tolima (MENT-UT). Alcance: Para el departamento del Tolima apenas se conoce la información aportada por MARTÍNEZ (2005) y VÍTOLO (2004), que incluye pocos ejemplares tolimenses. Los escarabajos de la familia Carabidae representan uno de los grupos más diversos del orden Coleóptera, de gran interés en programas de conservación, bioindicación, control biológico, entre otros. Metodología: Para la identificación de los especímenes se utilizaron claves taxonómicas y descripciones, se comparó material con ejemplares depositados en las colecciones del Instituto de Ciencias Naturales (ICN) e Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH), además de consultas con especialistas. Principales resultados: Se registraron 674 especímenes distribuidos en ocho subfamilias, 23 tribus, 43 géneros y 15 especies. El género Meotachys (15,19%) es el más representativo, en contraste con los géneros Anaulacus, Calophoena, Cnides, Enceladus, Glyptolenus, Hyboptera, Morion, Loxandrus, Leptotrachelus, Oxycheila, Pelecium, Schizogenius y Sericoda que tuvieron un único representante (0,1%). Conclusión: En este estudio se generan nuevos registros de distribución para géneros y especies de Carabidae en diferentes regiones del Tolima y otros departamentos de Colombia.

Abstract Objectives: In order to know aspects of biodiversity and distribution of carabid beetles in the Department of Tolima and to make the material visible for future research, curatorship, identification, diagnosis and systematization of the material deposited at the “Museo Laboratorio de Entomología de la Universidad del Tolima” (MENT-UT) were performed. Scope: For the Department of Tolima the only information known is that provided by MARTÍNEZ (2005) and VÍTOLO (2004). The beetles of the Carabidae family represent one of the most diverse groups in the coleoptera order of a great interest in conservation, bioindication, and biological control among others. Methodology: taxonomic and description keys were used for the identification of the specimens deposited in the collections of the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales (ICN) and Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH), in addition to consultations with specialists. Main results: A total of 674 specimens were recorded distributed in eight subfamilies, 23 tribes, 43 genera and 15 species. The genus Meotachys (15,19%) is the most representative in contrast to the genera Anaulacus, Calophoena, Cnides, Enceladus, Glyptolenus, Hyboptera, Morion, Loxandrus, Leptotrachelus, Oxycheila, Pelecium, Schizogenius and Sericoda that had a single representative (0,1%). Conclusion: This study generates new distribution records for genera and species of Carabidae beetles in different regions of Tolima and other Departments of Colombia.

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue contribuir al conocimiento de la diversidad de moscas de las frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) y de sus enemigos naturales en el departamento de Nariño. Se colectaron 14.005 frutos correspondientes a 16 especies de plantas hospederas, pertenecientes a 10 familias botánicas (Rubiaceae, Rosaceae, Myrtaceae, Fabaceae, Anacardiaceae, Rutaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Annonaceae, Solanaceae y Caricaceae), de las cuales todas presentaron infestación por moscas de las frutas o parasitoides, a excepción de la familia Annonaceae. Las especies de moscas de las frutas recuperadas en este estudio correspondieron a Anastrepha complejo fraterculus, Anastrepha striata, Anastrepha obliqua, Anastrepha grandis y Ceratitis capitata, especies conocidas por su polifagia y gran capacidad de adaptación. Se obtuvieron 242 individuos, pertenecientes a siete especies de parasitoides: DoryctoBracon crawfordi, DoryctoBracon zeteki, Utetes Anastrephae, Microcrasis sp., Bracon sp., Torymus sp., e Ichneumonidae sp.1. Los parasitoides se obtuvieron de nueve hospederos correspondientes a café, guayaba, níspero, hobo, feijoa, naranja, mango, durazno y guama. La mayor frecuencia de ocurrencia de parasitoides se presentó en DoryctoBracon crawfordi, con valores de 84,1, 76,7 y 40% en café, guayaba y hobo, respectivamente. Utetes Anastrephae obtuvo porcentajes de 5,7 y 60% en café y hobo. También se presentó parasitismo en moscas presentes en las familias botánicas Rubiaceae, Rosaceae, Myrtaceae, Fabaceae, Anacardiaceae y Rutaceae.

Abstract The objective of this work was to contribute to the knowledge of the diversity of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and their natural enemies in the department of Nariño. A total of 14,005 fruits from 16 host plant species were collected, belonging to ten botanical families (Rubiaceae, Rosaceae, Myrtaceae, Fabaceae, Anacardiaceae, Rutaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Annonaceae, Solanaceae and Caricaceae), all of which showed infestation by fruit flies or parasitoids, except for the Annonaceae family.The species of fruit flies collected in this study were Anastrepha fraterculus complex, Anastrepha striata, Anastrepha obliqua, Ceratitis capitata and Anastrepha grandis species known for their polyphagia and great adaptability. A total of 242 individuals belonging to seven species of parasitoids, DoryctoBracon crawfordi, DoryctoBracon zeteki, Utetes Anastrephae, Microcrasis sp., Bracon sp., Torymus sp., and Ichneumonidae sp.1 were obtained. Parasitoids were collected from nine plant hosts corresponding to coffee, guava, loquat, hobo, guava, orange, mango, peach and guama. The highest frequency of parasitoids occurrence was presented in DoryctoBracon crawfordi, with values of 84.1, 76.7 and 40% in coffee, guava and hobo respectively. Utetes Anastrephae was 5.7% in coffee and 6.0% in hobo. Parasitism was also present in Rubiaceae, Rosaceae, Myrtaceae, Fabaceae, Anacardiaceae and Rutaceae.

Se evaluaron 15 cepas de los hongos entomopatógenos Beauveria bassiana y Metarhizium anisopliae sobre adultos de un día de edad de la mosca de la fruta Anastrepha obliqua. El trabajo se realizó con el fin de seleccionar las cepas más virulentas al insecto y estudiar el efecto sobre los adultos jóvenes cuando el hongo era aplicado antes de la emergencia. Mediante un screening con una concentración de 1x10(7) conidias/mL se seleccionaron las tres cepas más virulentas, siendo dos de ellas de Beauveria y una de Metarhizium, las cuales causaron mortalidades del 77%, 71% y 66%. Valores de CL50 de 2,38x10(6), 1,81x10(6) y 9,94x10(6) conidias/mL, respectivamente, fueron determinados para cada una de estas cepas y un TL50 respectivo de 48,12; 56 y 42,75 horas. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la mortalidad entre hembras y machos. La aspersión de la CL90 de las cepas seleccionadas sobre el medio de pupación de la mosca de la fruta produjo 34-48% de mortalidad durante las 120 horas de evaluación. Los hongos entomopatógenos pueden ser utilizados fácilmente para el control biológico de A. obliqua aplicándolos de manera dirigida a los adultos jóvenes bajo la copa de los árboles, en programas de manejo integrado de plagas.

Fifteen strains from entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae fungi were evaluated on one day-old adults of Anastrepha obliqua fruit fly. Tested were carried out for selecting the most virulent strains and the effectiveness of their use on young adult when the entomopathogen were applied before emergence were studied too. A screening with a 1x10(7) conidia/mL concentration was used for selecting the three most pathogenic isolates, two from Beauveria and one from Metarhizium, having 77, 71 and 66% mortality. The LC50 for these isolates were 2.38x10(6), 1.81x10(6) and 9.94x10(6) conidia/mL, respectively, and a respective LT50 were 48.12, 56 and 42.75 hours. No significant differences were found between females and males mortality. LC90 spraying of selected strains on fly pupation medium led to 34-48% mortality at 120 hours. Entomopathogenic fungi could be used for A. obliqua biological control and also it can be used easily spraying towards young adults under tree canopies in the integrated pest management programs.

Las moscas del género Anastrepha constituyen una de las principales plagas de la fruticultura colombiana. El conocimiento de la diversidad de especies presentes en un área es el primer paso en el diseño de estudios tendientes a establecer tecnologías apropiadas de manejo. Además de un listado de las especies de Anastrepha identificadas en el Laboratorio de Entomología de la Universidad del Tolima desde 1988 hasta la fecha a través de diversos estudios realizados en este departamento, el presente trabajo incluye también la distribución y hospederos de dichas especies provenientes de diez municipios del departamento, con alturas entre 300 y 2.500 msnm. Se identificaron 60.688 especímenes pertenecientes a 24 especies de Anastrepha. Mediante la recolección de frutos se asociaron 16 especies de hospederos (incluyendo cinco nuevos reportes) a nueve especies de Anastrepha. Las especies A. distincta Greene, A. sororcula Zucchi y A. striata Schiner fueron las que presentaron una distribución altitudinal más amplia (300 a 2.200 msnm). Por su parte, A. obliqua solo se encontró desde los 300 hasta los 1.550 msnm. Especies de importancia cuarentenaria como A. fraterculus (Wiedemann), A. grandis Macquart y A. serpentina (Wiedemann) se encontraron por arriba de los 1.100, 960 y 900 msnm, respectivamente

The flies of the genus Anastrepha are one of the most important pests affecting Colombian fruit production. Knowing the diversity of species that can be found in a given area is the first step leading to the conduction of the necessary studies to establish adequate management technologies. Besides a list of the Anastrepha species that have been identified in the Entomology Laboratory of the University of Tolima, coming from diverse studies conducted in this department since 1988, the current work includes the hosts and distribution of such species. A total of 60,688 specimens belonging to 24 Anastrepha species were identified in ten municipalities of the department, ranging from 300 to 2,500 m a.s.l. By means of fruit collection, 16 hosts (including five newly reported ones) were associated to 9 Anastrepha species. Wide altitudinal distributions (ranging from 300 to 2,200 m a.s.l.) were found for A. distincta Greene, A. sororcula Zucchi and A. striata Schiner. In turn, A. obliqua was found between 300 and 1,550 m a.s.l. Important quarantine species such as A. fraterculus (Wiedemann), A. grandis (Macquart) and A. serpentina (Wiedemann) were found above 1,100, 960 and 900 m a.s.l., respectively.

This paper presents a five years survey of endoparasitoids obtained from the larvae of frugivorous Tephritidae and Lonchaeidae flies. The insects were reared from cultivated and wild fruits collected in areas of the cerrado in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The flies obtained from 14 host fruit species were eight Anastrepha species, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Tephritidae); Dasiops sp. and Neosilba spp. (Lonchaeidae). Eleven parasitoid species were collected: Braconidae - Asobara anastrephae (Muesebek, 1958), Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti, 1911), D. fluminensis (Costa Lima, 1938), Opius bellus Gahan, 1930 and Utetes anastrephae (Viereck, 1913); Figitidae - Aganaspis nordlanderi Wharton, 1998, Lopheucoila anastrephae (Rhower, 1919), Odontosema anastrephae (Borgmeier, 1935) and Trybliographa infuscata Gallardo, Díaz & Uchôa-Fernandes, 2000 and, Pteromalidae - Spalangia gemina Boucek, 1963 and S. endius Walker, 1839. In all cases only one parasitoid emerged per puparium. D. areolatus was the most abundant and frequent parasitoid of fruit fly species, as was L. anastrephae in Neosilba spp. larvae. This is the first record of A. nordlanderi in the midwestern Brazilian region.

The infestation levels by Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi in common guava (Psidium guajava L.) were evaluated. The surveys were carried out in commercial groves of three counties of the North of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from January to April 1996. A. zenildae should be considered a species of economic importance in the region as infestation indices (larvae/kg and larvae/fruit) were higher than those obtained for A. sororcula Zucchi. Only these two species were obtained directly from guava fruits. Besides A. zenildae and A. sororcula, specimens of A. fraterculus (Wied.), A. obliqua (Macquart) and of a new species of Anastrepha were also collected in traps set in the area.

High infestations of Anastrepha obliqua in commercial crops of Barbados cherry in two counties of State of Pará, Northern of Brazil, were observed. The degree of infestation ranged from 7% to 88% and, fruits were depreciated for industrial purposes. Also, four species of braconid fruit fly parasitoids were identified.

Foram coletados 2 630 parasìtóides de Anastrephaspp., pertencentes a cinco espécies de Braconidae, em quatro locais de dois municípios do Estado do Amazonas. Optussp. foi a espécie predominante no estudo, ocorrendo com maior freqüência na área urbana de Manaus. Doryctobracon areolatus(Szépligeti, 1911) foi a espécie predominante nas áreas rurais. As comunidades foram delimitadas e caracterizadas através de índices faunísticos. As comunidades apresentaram quocientes de similaridade entre 82 e 100%.

A total of 2,630 braconids from Anastrephaspp. were recovered in four locations oftwo counties(Manaus and Iranduba) in Amazonas State, Brazil. The parasitoids belong to five species. Opiussp. was the predominant species, showing the highest frequency in the downtown region ofManaus. On the other hand, Doryctobracon areolatus(Szépligeti, 1911) was the predominant species in the countryside. For the faunistic analysis, each collecting site was considered a community. The coefficient of similarity between communities varied from 82 to 100%.