Abstract Phytoliths are plant micro-remains found in soils and sediments. Their durability, abundance and diagnostic morphologies make them reliable environmental proxies, especially when associated with other biological, chemical, or physical indicators. However, in some cases, phytoliths are the only biological proxy available on the soil for paleoenvironmental studies, therefore, it requires extra attention to taphonomic processes affecting these silica bodies’ assemblage. The preservation and conservation of this markers in the soil is directly linked to the edaphic conditions to which it is subjected over time. Hence, the application of this proxy requires care in order to avoid misinterpretations, since phytoliths are subject to degradation and movement within the soil due to soil-plant-water interactions, soil hydrological processes a/nd bioturbation. In this article we examine the diversity and taphonomic evidence found in an Oxisol’s phytolith assemblage in search to better our understanding of this silica bodies preservation in tropical soils. The result shows that the assembly found is very resistant to tropical edaphic conditions, displaying taphonomic signs such as breakage and corrosion across the profile, with significant increase with depth, pointing to the phytolith’s early deposition. Also, results suggest that Grass Silica Short Cell Phytolith tend to present more breakage than corrosion due to its smaller size when compared to bigger morphotypes, which have corrosion features more often. microremains micro remains sediments durability proxies chemical indicators However cases studies therefore time Hence misinterpretations soilplantwater water interactions a nd bioturbation Oxisols Oxisol s profile depth deposition Also morphotypes often

A ocorrência de Latossolos com horizonte A húmico hiperdesenvolvido (> 100 cm de espessura) nos trópicos e subtrópicos úmidos é um paradoxo, pois os processos de decomposição da matéria orgânica nesses ambientes são bastante eficientes. Apesar disso, esses solos têm sido documentados nas regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil, com algumas ocorrências na região Nordeste. Aspectos da gênese e do significado paleoambiental desses Latossolos aguardam por melhor entendimento. Os processos que levaram o horizonte A a ser tão espesso e escuro e contribuíram para preservação de C orgânico (CO) em profundidades consideráveis nesses pedons são de especial interesse. Neste trabalho, oito Latossolos com horizonte A húmico hiperdesenvolvido (Lh) sob diferentes fitofisionomias (Floresta Ombrófila, Floresta Estacional e Savana Arborizada) foram amostrados e os seus atributos macromorfológicos, físicos, químicos e mineralógicos estudados, com o objetivo de relacioná-los com a preservação de CO em profundidade. Esses Lh são argilosos a muito argilosos, fortemente ácidos, distróficos, álicos e muitos possuem fragmentos de carvão vegetal dispersos na matriz do solo. Caulinita é o principal mineral da fração argila nos horizontes A e B, seguido em abundância por gibbsita e por vermiculita com hidroxi entrecamadas. Este último argilomineral é identificado apenas nos Lh derivados de rochas basálticas da região Sul. Os teores de C total (CT) variam de 5 a 101 g kg-1 no horizonte A húmico. Carbono oxidado por via úmida com dicromato de potássio constitui, em média, 75 % do CT dos horizontes A húmicos, enquanto o C não oxidável com dicromato (C-res), que inclui formas de C recalcitrantes (como carvões), contribui para os restantes 25 % do CT. Os conteúdos de C foram independentes da maioria das variáveis inorgânicas do solo, exceto do Al extraído com oxalato de amônio ácido (OAA), que individualmente explica 69 % (P < 0,001) da variabilidade de CT do horizonte A húmico. Os conteúdos de argila não foram estimadores eficazes do CT e de outras formas de C estudadas, como também não foram: densidade do solo, Al3+ trocável, saturação por Al, capacidade de troca de cátions efetiva e outros parâmetros obtidos por extrações seletivas com OAA e ditionito-citrato-bicarbonato. Interações entre materiais orgânicos e minerais pobremente cristalinos, como indicado pelo Al extraído com OAA, apresentam-se como um dos mecanismos possíveis para proteção da matéria orgânica nesses solos.

The occurrence of Umbric Ferralsols with thick umbric epipedons (> 100 cm thickness) in humid Tropical and Subtropical areas is a paradox since the processes of organic matter decomposition in these environments are very efficient. Nevertheless, this soil type has been reported in areas in the Southeast and South of Brazil, and at some places in the Northeast. Aspects of the genesis and paleoenvironmental significance of these Ferralsols still need a better understanding. The processes that made the umbric horizons so thick and dark and contributed to the preservation of organic carbon (OC) at considerable depths in these soils are of special interest. In this study, eight Ferralsols with a thick umbric horizon (UF) under different vegetation types were sampled (tropical rain forest, tropical seasonal forest and savanna woodland) and their macromorphological, physical, chemical and mineralogical properties studied to detect soil characteristics that could explain the preservation of high carbon amounts at considerable depths. The studied UF are clayey to very clayey, strongly acidic, dystrophic, and Al-saturated and charcoal fragments are often scattered in the soil matrix. Kaolinites are the main clay minerals in the A and B horizons, followed by abundant gibbsite and hydroxyl-interlayered vermiculite. The latter was only found in UFs derived from basalt rock in the South of the country. Total carbon (TC) ranged from 5 to 101 g kg-1 in the umbric epipedon. Dichromate-oxidizable organic carbon represented nearly 75 % of TC in the thick A horizons, while non-oxidizable C, which includes recalcitrant C (e.g., charcoal), contributed to the remaining 25 % of TC. Carbon contents were not related to most of the inorganic soil variables studied, except for oxalate-extractable Al, which individually explained 69 % (P < 0.001) of the variability of TC in the umbric epipedon. Clay content was not suited as predictor of TC or of the other studied C forms. Bulk density, exchangeable Al3+, Al saturation, ECEC and other parameters obtained by selective extraction were not suitable as predictors of TC and other C forms. Interactions between organic matter and poorly crystalline minerals, as indicated by oxalate-extractable Al, appear to be one of the possible organic matter protection mechanisms of these soils.