Abstract Lignin is related to mechanical support, fluidity of water transport by xylem and resistance to pest and pathogen infections. This research measured the concentration of lignin and its correlation with field performance of Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arrab. ex Steud seedlings submitted to hardening. Seedlings were treated with 20 stem bending for 4 or 8 weeks, application of 50 μmol L-1 of methyl jasmonate for 4 or 8 weeks and a control treatment. In the nursery after treatments, six seedlings were randomly selected for determination of root electrolytes and lignin content from stem and root tissues. Application of jasmonates or stem bending in the nursery promoted an increase in stem lignin concentration but did not induce a greater lignification of root systems. After 450 days of planting, saplings height and diameter increments and percentage survival were calculated along shoot lignin content. Saplings showed no differences in shoot lignin from nursery hardening. support infections Vell. Vell (Vell. Arrab hardening 2 5 L1 L 1 L- treatment treatments tissues systems 45 planting (Vell

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar as características produtivas e qualitativas de beterraba e chicória em função do manejo da palhada e da época de estabelecimento do consórcio. O experimento foi conduzido no setor de horticultura orgânica da UNIOESTE, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5 e 2 x 8, com quatro repetições, sendo o primeiro fatorial constituído do manejo da palhada (sem e com incorporação da palhada de mucuna-cinza) e pelas épocas de estabelecimento do consórcio e do monocultivo de beterraba e chicória (0; 7; 14 e 21 dias após o transplante da beterraba). Sendo o segundo fatorial composto para avaliar as características da chicória com o manejo da palhada (com e sem incorporação) e pelo cultivo da mesma consorciada com beterraba e em monocultivo nas mesmas épocas. A chicória interferiu na produtividade da beterraba quando o transplante foi realizado na mesma época. A forma de cultivo da beterraba em consórcio contribuiu positivamente para o melhor aproveitamento da área nos dois sistemas de manejo, influenciando de forma positiva as características agronômicas da cultura, mas sem comprometer a qualidade comercial dos cultivos, sendo agronomicamente viáveis, considerando o índice de UET.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the productivity and quality characteristics of beet and chicory based on management of straw and intercropping period of establishment. The experiment was conducted in the organic horticulture sector of Unioeste, in a design of randomized blocks with four replications, where the treatments were arranged in 2 x 5 and 2 x 8 factorial schemes. The first factorial consisted of the straw mulch management (with and without incorporation of the gray velvet bean straw) and the intercropping period of establishments and beet and chicory monocrops (0; 7; 14 and 21 days after transplanting beet). The second factorial was composed of the straw mulch management (with and without incorporation) and the cultivation of chicory intercropped with beet and in monocrop at the same periods. The chicory interfered in beet's productivity when the transplant occurred at the same period. The beet cultivation in a intercropping contributed positively to the better use of the area in the two management systems, influencing in a positive way the agronomic characteristics of the crop, but without compromising the commercial quality of the crops, that were agronomically viable, considering the UET index.

RESUMO A submissão de mudas a estímulos mecânicos e reguladores vegetais promove a sua rustificação, podendo ser incluídas na rotina dos viveiros, favorecendo a sobrevivência e o crescimento inicial a campo. O trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de metil jasmonato e de flexões caulinares na rustificação e no crescimento inicial de mudas de Cordia trichotoma. As mudas foram submetidas a 20 flexões diárias por 4 semanas e por 8 semanas; pulverização de 50 µmol.L-1 de metil jasmonato aplicados semanalmente por 4 semanas e por 8 semanas e um tratamento controle. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco repetições de quatorze mudas. Mudas submetidas aos tratamentos rustificativos apresentaram menor incremento em altura, maior incremento em diâmetro de coleto e menor valor para o índice de robustez. Mudas do tratamento controle tiveram maior perda de eletrólitos do tecido radicular e menor potencial de regeneração de raízes. No campo, 180 dias após o plantio, mudas submetidas a oito semanas de flexões caulinares e oito aplicações de metil jasmonato externaram maior incremento em altura e diâmetro de coleto. Os resultados indicam que tanto flexões caulinares como aplicação de metil jasmonato por oito semanas são eficientes em promover a rustificação e melhorar o desempenho inicial a campo de mudas de Cordia trichotoma.

ABSTRACT The submission of seedlings to mechanical stimuli and plant growth regulator promote their hardening and can be included in the routine of nurseries, favoring the survival and initial growth in the field. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of applying methyl jasmonate and stem bending in hardening and initial growth of Cordia trichotoma seedlings. Seedlings were subjected to 20 stem bending daily for 4 weeks; 20 stem bending daily for 8 weeks; 50 µmol.L-1 of methyl jasmonate applied weekly for 4 weeks; 50 µmol.L-1 of methyl jasmonate applied weekly for 8 weeks and the control treatment. The design was a completely randomized, with five repetitions of the fourteen seedlings. Seedlings submitted to hardening treatments showed less increment in height, greater increment in stem diameter and less value for strength index. Seedlings of control treatment had greater loss of root tissue electrolytes and less potential for root regeneration. In the field, 180 days after planting, seedlings submitted to eight weeks of stem bending and eight methyl jasmonate applications showed greater increment in height and stem diameter. The results indicate that both stem bending such as methyl jasmonate application for eight weeks are effective in promoting hardening and improve the starting performance in field of Cordia trichotomaseedlings.