Abstract The outdoor use of wood can be improved by coating the wood surface with varnish to reduce the effects of natural weathering. However, some varnishes quickly lose their ability to protect wood, and nanoscale additives have been used to mitigate this negative effect, preferably renewable and biodegradable. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of varnishes reinforced with spray-dried nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) in a natural weathering test. For this purpose, two varnishes, waterborne and non-waterborne, with 0, 5, and 10% (w/w) NFC addition were applied to Pinus taeda tangential wood samples, which were exposed to natural weathering for half a year, during the period from January to June 2019, in Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Adherence and impact resistance tests were performed to evaluate the surface properties of the varnishes, and the effect of natural weathering on the wood surface was evaluated using quantitative colorimetric analyses (CIELab System). The varnishes did not perform well in the adhesion and impact test. While no significant effects were observed in surface tests, due to the addition of spray-dried NFC, varnishes reinforced with 5% NFC exhibited reduced overall color variation, maintaining yellow and red pigmentation. This suggests that incorporating 5% spray-dried NFC into varnishes did not compromise coating properties and aided in mitigating the impact of natural weathering on wood color variation. However biodegradable Therefore spraydried spray dried (NFC test purpose nonwaterborne, nonwaterborne non waterborne, non-waterborne 0 5 10 w/w ww w (w/w samples year 2019 Curitiba PR Brazil CIELab System. System . System) variation pigmentation 1 201 20 2

RESUMO No setor de florestas plantadas brasileiro, a maioria das espécies utilizadas são do gênero Eucalyptus. Embora o Sul do Brasil tenha clima propicio para espécies do gênero Pinus, o plantio de espécies de Eucalyptus resistentes à geada vem aumentando anualmente. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a densidade básica, as dimensões das fibras e a composição química da madeira de Eucalyptus benthamii, Eucalyptus dunnii, Eucalyptus saligna e Eucalyptus cloeziana. As árvores utilizadas foram provenientes de um plantio experimental de seis anos localizado em Canoinhas, estado de Santa Catarina. Para cada espécie, três árvores foram selecionadas e os discos foram removidos de cada árvore a 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% e 100% da altura do caule comercial. Para avaliar a qualidade da madeira, a densidade básica, as dimensões das fibras e a composição química foram determinadas comparando-se os valores entre as espécies e entre as alturas no fuste. A maior densidade básica foi a da madeira de E. cloeziana; esta espécie também apresentou o maior comprimento e largura das fibras. E. dunnii apresentou os menores teores de lignina e os maiores teores de holocelulose. O maior teor de lignina foi encontrado na madeira de E. benthamii, E. saligna e E. cloeziana. A relação entre as propriedades da madeira e a altura do fuste não foi relevante. Os resultados destacam a tendência de maiores extrativos serem encontrados nas partes mais altas (100%), e os teores de holocelulose e lignina são similares em todas as alturas. brasileiro Pinus anualmente benthamii cloeziana Canoinhas Catarina 0 0% 25 25% 50 50% 75 100 comercial comparandose comparando se E relevante 100%, , (100%) 2 5 7 10 (100% 1 (100 (10 (1 (

ABSTRACT In the Brazilian planted forest sector, most of the species used are from the genus Eucalyptus. Even though Southern Brazil has a suitable climate for species of the genus Pinus, the planting of frost-resistant Eucalyptus species has been increasing annually. The objective of this study was to evaluate the basic density, fiber dimensions, and chemical composition of Eucalyptus benthamii, Eucalyptus dunnii, Eucalyptus saligna, and Eucalyptus cloeziana woods. The trees used were from a six-year-old experimental plantation located in Canoinhas, state of Santa Catarina. For each species, three trees were selected, and discs were removed from each tree at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the commercial stem height. To evaluate the quality of the wood, the basic wood density, fiber dimensions, and chemical composition of the wood were determined by comparing the values between species and between the heights in the stem. The highest basic density was that of the wood of E. cloeziana; this species also had the greatest length and width of fibers. E. dunnii had the lowest levels of lignin and the highest levels of holocellulose. The highest lignin content was found in the wood of E. benthamii, E. saligna, and E. cloeziana. The relationship between wood properties and stem height was not relevant. The results highlight the tendency for higher extractives to be found at taller heights (100%), and holocellulose and lignin content are similar at all heights. sector Pinus frostresistant frost resistant annually dimensions benthamii saligna woods sixyearold six year old Canoinhas Catarina selected 0 0% 25 25% 50 50% 75 75% 100 E fibers relevant 100%, , (100%) 2 5 7 10 (100% 1 (100 (10 (1 (

RESUMO Este artigo discute a relação entre educação, pobreza e desigualdade social por meio da análise da segregação socioeducacional no Distrito Federal do Brasil, considerando a distribuição da renda per capita familiar entre as regiões administrativas, bem como dos alunos beneficiários do Programa Bolsa Família e da infraestrutura física das escolas públicas que atendem esse público, com o objetivo de compreender o processo de pauperização na/da escola. O embasamento teórico se deu na discussão das categorias exclusão, desigualdade e segregação. Foram analisados dados de 2018 e 2019, provenientes do Ministério da Cidadania, do Censo Escolar do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira, da Secretaria de Educação do Distrito Federal e da Companhia de Planejamento do Distrito Federal, que permitiram constatar a influência da segregação socioespacial no DF sobre o atendimento aos alunos beneficiários do PBF.

ABSTRACT This article discusses the relationship between education, poverty, and social inequality by means of the analysis of socio-educational segregation in the Federal District of Brazil, considering the distribution of per capita family income between administrative regions, as well as the beneficiaries of Programa Bolsa Família and the physical infrastructure of public schools that serve this audience, in order to understand the impoverishment process in/of the school. The theoretical basis was the discussion of the categories exclusion, inequality, and segregation. Data from 2018 and 2019, from the Ministry of Citizenship, the School Census of Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (National Institute of Educational Study and Research “Anísio Teixeira”), the Department of Education of the Federal District, and Companhia de Planejamento do Distrito Federal (Federal District Planning Company) were analyzed, which allowed us to verify the influence of socio-spatial segregation in the DF on the assistance to students benefiting from the PBF.

RESUMEN Este artículo discute la relación entre educación, pobreza y desigualdad social a partir del análisis de la segregación socioeducativa en el Distrito Federal de Brasil (DF), considerando la distribución del ingreso familiar per capita entre las regiones administrativas, así como los beneficiarios del Programa Bolsa Familia (PBF) y la infraestructura física de las escuelas públicas de este público, con el fin de comprender el proceso de empobrecimiento en/de la escuela. La base teórica se fundamenta en la discusión de las categorías de exclusión, desigualdad y segregación. Se analizaron datos de 2018 y 2019 del Ministerio de la Ciudadanía, del Censo Escolar del Instituto Nacional de Estudios e Investigaciones Educacionales Anísio Teixeira (INEP), de la Secretaría de Educación del Distrito Federal y de la Compañía de Planeamiento del Distrito Federal (Codeplan), que permitieron verificar la influencia de la segregación socioespacial en el DF en laatención a los alumnos de educación básica que se benefician del PBF.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the antifungal, antibiofilm and antiproliferative activities of the extract from the leaves of Guapira graciliflora Mart. The phytochemical characterization of the extract was performed using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The antimicrobial activity of the extract and its fractions was evaluated using the broth microdilution method against species of Candida. The inhibition of C. albicans biofilm was evaluated based on the number of colony-forming units (CFU) and metabolic activity (MTT). The antiproliferative activity of the extract and its fraction was evaluated in the presence of human tumor and non-tumor cells, and the cytotoxicity of the extract was determined on the RAW 264.7 macrophage line – both using the sulforhodamine B method. The phytochemical characterization indicated the presence of the flavonoids rutin and kaempferol. The extract and the methanol fraction exhibited moderate antifungal activity against C. albicans, C. krusei, and C. glabrata, and strong activity against C. dubliniensis. In the biofilms at 24 and 48 hours, the concentration of 12500 µg/mL of the extract was the most effective at reducing the number of CFU s/mL (44.4% and 42.9%, respectively) and the metabolic activity of C. albicans cells (34.6% and 52%, respectively). The extract and its fractions had no antiproliferative effect on the tumor lines tested, with mean activity (log GI50) equal to or greater than 1.71 µg/mL. Macrophage cell viability remained higher than 80% for concentrations of the extract of up to 62.5 µg/mL. G. graciliflora has flavonoids in its chemical composition and demonstrates potential antifungal and antibiofilm activity, with no evidence of a significant change in the viability of human tumor and non-tumor cell lines.

Abstract This study presents an integrated model to support the process of classifying projects and selecting project managers for these projects in accordance with their characteristics and skills using a multiple criteria decision aid (MCDA) approach. Such criteria are often conflicting. The model also supports the process of allocating project managers to projects by evaluating the characteristics/types of projects. The framework consists of a set of structured techniques and methods that are deemed very appropriate within the context of project management. A practical application of the proposed model was performed in a Brazilian electric energy company, which has a portfolio of projects that are specifically related to the company´s defined strategic plan. As a result, it was possible to classify the projects and project managers into definable categories, thus enabling more effective management as different projects require different levels of skills and abilities.

Arrabidaea chica (H&B) Verlot is a plant popularly known as Pariri and this species is a known source of anthocyanins, flavonoids and tannins. This report describes an approach involving enzymatic treatment prior to extraction procedures to enhance A chica crude extract anticancer activity. Anticancer activity in human cancer cell lines in vitro using a 48 h SRB cell viability assay was performed to determine growth inhibition and cytotoxic properties. The final extraction yield without enzyme treatment was higher (24.28%) compared to the enzyme-treated material (19.03%), with an enhanced aglycones anthocyanin ratio as determined by HPLC- DAD and LC-MS with direct infusion.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o tipo de substrato, a temperatura e os regimes de luz mais adequados à germinação de sementes de Cedrela odorata L. O delineamento experimental adotado, em todos os ensaios, foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições de 25 sementes cada. As temperaturas constantes de 25 e 30ºC, a temperatura alternada de 20-30ºC e os substratos pó de coco e areia são as melhores condições para a germinação das sementes de C. odorata. A germinação das sementes da espécie estudada não se mostrou sensível aos diferentes regimes de luz aplicados.

This work aimed to evaluate the kind of substrate, and temperature and light conditions more suitable for seed germination of Cedrela odorata L. The experimental design adopted in all experiments was the completely randomized design with four repetitions of twenty-five seeds each. The constant temperatures (25 and 30ºC), the alternated temperature (20-30ºC), and the coconut fiber and sand substrates are the better conditions for seed germination of C. odorata. Seed germination of the studied specie showed no sensitiveness to the different levels of light applied.

Droplet counter-current chromatography, rotation locular counter-current chromatography and high-speed counter-current chromatography were applied to the preparative separation of the alkaloid ricinine from the dichloromethane extracts of Ricinus communis leaves. The solvent system used was composed of dichloromethane-methanol-water (93:35:72 v/v/v) and all techniques led to the isolation of large amounts of the alkaloid. The best result was obtained through HSCCC, since the ricinine yield was respectively 50% and 30% higher than when using RLCCC or DCCC.