Resumen: Diversos estudios han mostrado que existe una asociación entre el comportamiento prosocial y la habilidad empática. La forma más frecuente de evaluar ambos constructos es a través de escalas de autorreporte, siendo la Escala de Conducta Prosocial (ECP) y el Indice de Reactividad Interpersonal (IRI) las más utilizadas en población adulta. Hasta el momento, no hay reportes disponibles sobre la relación entre la empatía y la conducta prosocial en adultos de habla hispana evaluados con dichas escalas. Objetivo: Evaluar la conducta prosocial utilizando la ECP en personas adultas de habla hispana y analizar su interacción con la empatía evaluada con la escala IRI, así como también identificar su relación con otras variables de interés (edad, género y orden de presentación de las escalas durante la evaluación). Método: Se administró la ECP y el IRI a una muestra de 115 participantes, quienes fueron asignados de manera aleatoria a un orden específico de exposición a las escalas (IRI-ECP y ECP-IRI). Resultados: El rendimiento en la ECP mostró estar asociado a la edad y a la interacción entre el rendimiento en el IRI y el género, mientras que el orden de presentación de las escalas no mostró asociación con las puntuaciones. Conclusión: La empatía y variables sociodemográficas como el género y la edad se relacionan con las conductas prosociales de individuos adultos de habla hispana y por lo tanto deben considerarse en la evaluación.

Abstract: Previous research has shown an association between prosocial behavior and empathic ability. These constructs are normally assessed in the adult population using self-report scales, such as Prosocial Behavior Scale (ECP) and Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). Currently, there is no available data about the interaction between empathy and prosocial behavior assessed with these scales in Spanish-speaking adults. Objective: To assess prosocial behaviors using ECP in Spanish-speaking adults and analyze its interaction with empathy assessed with IRI, as well as identify the relationship with other variables of interest (age, gender and order of presentation of the scales during the assessment). Method: ECP and IRI were administered to a sample of 115 subjects, who were randomly assigned to a specific order of exposure to the scales (IRI-ECP and ECP-IRI). Results: Performance on ECP was associated with age and the interaction between IRI scores and gender. The order in which the scales were presented during assessment showed no association with ECP scores. Conclusion: Empathy and sociodemographic variables, such as gender and age, are associated with prosocial behaviors of Spanish-speaking adults and therefore need to be considered during the assessment.

Resumo: Vários estudos mostraram que existe uma associação entre o comportamento pró-social e a capacidade empática. A forma mais comum de avaliar ambos os construtos é por meio de escalas de autorrelato, sendo a Escala de Comportamento Pró-Social (ECP) e o Índice de Reatividade Interpessoal (IRI) os mais utilizados na população adulta. Até o momento, não há relatos disponíveis sobre a relação entre empatia e Comportamento pró-social em adultos falantes de español avaliados com essas escalas. Objetivo: Avaliar o comportamento pró-social por meio da ECP em adultos falantes de español e analizar sua interação com a empatia availada com a escala IRI, bem como identificar sua relação com outras variáveis de interesse (idade, gênero e ordem de apresentação das escalas durante a avaliação). Método: A ECP e o IRI foram aplicados a uma amostra de 115 participantes, os quais foram aleatoriamente designados para uma ordem específica de exposição às escalas (IRI-ECP e ECP-IRI). Resultados: O desempenho na ECP mostrou-se associado à idade e à interação entre o desempenho no IRI e o gênero, enquanto a ordem de apresentação das escalas não apresentou associação com os escores. Conclusão: A empatia e variáveis sociodemográficas como gênero e idade estão relacionadas aos comportamentos pró-sociais de indivíduos adultos falantes de espanhol e, portanto, devem ser consideradas na avaliação.

Abstract. Objective. Social participation is the act of getting involved in activities that provide interactions with other people and can be impaired in individuals who suffered a traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study aims to identify which factors influence social participation after TBI. Method. A systematic review of articles available in PubMed, EBSCO, and SCOPUS, published from 2010 to 2020 was conducted. Results. Revised articles conclude that social participation in adult patients with TBI is affected by the following variables: depressive symptoms, age, educational level, cognitive impairment, and quality of life. Finally, the focus of the assessment of social participation was the frequency with patients carrying out social activities and not the personal satisfaction with their level of participation.

Resumen Objetivo La participación social es el acto de involucrarse en actividades que proporcionan interacciones con otras personas, y puede verse afectada en personas que han sufrido un traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE). Este trabajo propone identificar qué factores influyen en dicha afectación. Método. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de artículos disponibles en PubMed, EBSCO y SCOPUS, publicados desde 2010 hasta 2020. Resultados. Los artículos revisados concuerdan que la participación social de los pacientes adultos con TCE se ve afectada por las siguientes variables: síntomas depresivos, edad, nivel educativo, alteraciones cognitivas y calidad de vida. Finalmente, se observó que la evaluación de la participación social está focalizada en la frecuencia con que los pacientes realizan actividades sociales y no indagan en la satisfacción personal con el nivel de participación.

Presentamos un caso que por sus connotaciones diagnósticas y terapéuticas resulta especialmente didáctico e ilustrativo, pues aborda el cómo, el quién y dónde debe realizarse la cirugía de cáncer de recto localmente avanzado. Ilustra el manejo diagnóstico y la estadificación del cáncer de recto en el momento actual. Este caso se aborda en el comité de forma multidisciplinar, y reúne los distintos avances en la cirugía de cáncer de recto de los últimos años (escisión total mesorrectal, abordaje laparoscópico, radioterapia intraoperatoria, resección perineal extendida, reparación del suelo pélvico con material protésico). Todo ello aunado a la opinión de que deben ser instituciones y grupos muy especializados y dedicados al tratamiento de esta patología los que deberían centralizar su atención médica.

We present a case, which due to its diagnostic and therapeutic connotations makes it especially educational, as it addresses the how, the who and where should the surgery be performed for locally advanced rectal cancer. It illustrates the diagnostic management and staging of rectal cancer at the present time. The case is approached in a multidisciplinary committee manner, and binds the various advances in surgery of rectal cancer in recent years (total meso-rectal excision, laparoscopy, intraoperative radiotherapy, extended perineal resection, pelvic floor repair with prosthetic material). This serves to underline the view that there must be highly specialized institutions and groups dedicated to the treatment of this condition in order to centralize its health care.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the association between knowledge, attitudes and practice of oral health in 12-year-old schoolchildren, and to analyse the findings in terms of the conventional KAP health-education model and of the critical approach. Study design: This study has a cross sectional design. The study participants were 1105 randomly selected 12-year-old children resident in the region of Galicia in Spain. For data collection, five teams of one dentist and one assistant were formed. The dentist carried out the physical examination and the assistant helped the subjects to answer the questionnaire. Knowledge, attitudes and practice were assessed, as well as oral health indicators. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify variables affecting practice (as measured by extent of plaque). Results: The results of this study show how that there is an important association between oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practice in 12-year-old schoolchildren in this region. However, the results also show that attitude is not totally explained by knowledge, so that attitude cannot be understood simply as an intermediate variable in a knowledge® practice causal chain. Specifically, the results indicate that sociocultural environment modifies the association knowledge, attitudes and practice. Conclusions: Within oral health education it is clearly important to increase public knowledge of the risk factors for dental disease. However, the efficacy of such education will be limited if health programs do not directly impinge on attitudes, and take into account factors related to the environment, education, social status and economic level of the targeted population.