Bredemeyera Willd. is a genus of the Polygalaceae family, occurring in Brazil. This research aims to evaluate the phytochemical and antifungal potential, in vitro and in silico, of Bredemeyera brevifolia extracts. The identification of fatty acids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and their quantification by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector showed that palmitic (36.55 mg g−1), margaric (3.66 mg g−1), linolelaidic (108.82 mg g−1), oleic (7.86 mg g−1), stearic (41.11 mg g−1), dihomo-γ-linolenic (85.48 mg g−1), and arachidic (209.00 mg g−1) acids are present in the hexane extract. From the chloroform extract, 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone was isolated and identified. The minimum inhibitory concentration assay with methanolic extract demonstrated antifungal activity against species of the genus Candida, Sporothrix, and Trichophyton for up to 96 h, with values ranging from 64-1024 μg mL−1. The in silico study with the chemical compounds of this species showed fungal inhibition potential of sterol-14-α-demethylase, highlighting 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone, which presented an affinity energy of -8.8 kcal mol−1, greater than that observed for fluconazole (−8.3 kcal mol−1). The fatty acids interacted with the active site of the enzyme but presented energies ≥ −7.4 kcal mol−1. Compounds isolated from this species have pharmacokinetic potential for the development of pharmaceutical formulations. Willd family Brazil extracts chromatographymass chromatography mass chromatographyflame flame 36.55 3655 36 55 (36.5 g−1, g1 g g−1 , 1 3.66 366 3 66 (3.6 108.82 10882 108 82 (108.8 7.86 786 7 86 (7.8 41.11 4111 41 11 (41.1 dihomoγlinolenic dihomo γ linolenic 85.48 8548 85 48 (85.4 209.00 20900 209 00 (209.0 1hydroxy3,7dimethoxyxanthone 1hydroxy37dimethoxyxanthone hydroxydimethoxyxanthone hydroxy 3,7 dimethoxyxanthone identified Candida Sporothrix 9 h 641024 64 1024 64-102 mL1 mL mL−1 sterol14αdemethylase, sterol14αdemethylase sterolαdemethylase sterol 14 α demethylase, demethylase sterol-14-α-demethylase 1hydroxy3,7dimethoxyxanthone, dimethoxyxanthone, 8.8 88 8 -8. mol1 mol mol−1 −8.3 83 (−8. . mol−1) 74 4 −7. formulations 36.5 365 5 (36. g− 3.6 6 (3. 108.8 1088 10 (108. 7.8 78 (7. 41.1 411 (41. 85.4 854 (85. 209.0 2090 20 0 (209. 1hydroxy3 7dimethoxyxanthone 37 3, 64102 102 64-10 mL− αdemethylase 8. -8 mol− −8. (−8 −7 36. (36 3. (3 108. (108 7. (7 41. (41 85. (85 209. 2 (209 1hydroxy 6410 64-1 - −8 (− − ( (10 (4 (8 (20 641 64- (1 (2

ABSTRACT Water resources used for irrigation should be managed using technologies that improve water use efficiency, mainly in semiarid regions. Using drought-tolerant rootstocks is a strategy to handle this challenge. The objective of this study was to select suitable grapevine rootstocks for cultivation in semiarid regions based on their biomass, biochemical, and gas exchange attributes. The experiment was conducted at the Bebedouro Experimental Field of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA Semiarid), in Petrolina, PE, Brazil. Rootstocks from grapevine plants of the cultivars Paulsen 1103, SO4, IAC 313, IAC 572, IAC 766, Ramsey, and 101-14 MgT were subjected to three irrigation water depths (100%, 50%, and 20% ET0). A randomized block experimental design with four replications was used, in a split-plot arrangement consisting of irrigation water depths in the plots and rootstocks in the subplots. Biochemical, biomass, and gas exchange attributes were assessed for selecting the best rootstocks regarding tolerance to drought using multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance. The rootstocks IAC 313 and IAC 766 presented the highest root proline synthesis; IAC 766 presented better result for leaf sucrose synthesis; and Paulsen 1103 presented the highest leaf proline synthesis and carotenoid contents, as well as total chlorophyll-to-carotenoid ratio. IAC 313, IAC 766, and Paulsen 1103 presented better performance regarding the studied characteristics and, therefore, are suitable for growing grapevine crops in the Lower Middle São Francisco Valley, mainly under water deficit conditions. efficiency droughttolerant tolerant challenge biomass biochemical EMBRAPA Semiarid, Semiarid , Semiarid) Petrolina PE Brazil SO4 SO 572 Ramsey 10114 101 14 101-1 100%, 100 (100% 50 50% 20 ET0. ET0 ET . ET0) splitplot split plot subplots Biochemical PCA (PCA variance 31 76 110 contents chlorophylltocarotenoid chlorophyll ratio therefore Valley conditions 57 1011 10 1 101- 100% (100 5 2 3 7 11 (10 (1 (

RESUMO Os recursos hídricos, especialmente em regiões semiáridas, devem ser utilizados com o emprego de tecnologias que permitam aumentar a eficiência e uso da água para irrigação. Uma estratégia para lidar com esse problema é o uso de porta-enxertos tolerantes à seca. Com o objetivo de selecionar porta-enxertos de videira adequados para o cultivo em regiões semiáridas, com base na biomassa, variáveis bioquímicas e nas trocas gasosas, o experimento foi conduzido no Campo Experimental de Bebedouro, pertencente à Embrapa Semiárido, em Petrolina-PE. Foram utilizados os portaenxertos ‘Paulsen1103’, ‘SO4’, ‘IAC 313’, ‘IAC 572’, ‘IAC 766’, ‘Ramsey’ e ‘101-14 MgT’ submetidos a três lâminas de irrigação (100, 50 e 20% da ETo). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, em parcelas subdivididas, com a parcela principal sendo a lâmina de irrigação e a subparcela os portaenxertos. Características bioquímicas, de biomassa e relacionadas às trocas gasosas foram utilizadas para seleção dos melhores portaenxertos quanto à tolerância à seca, por meio de análise multivariada de componentes principais (PCA) e análise de variância. Os portaenxertos ‘IAC 313’ e ‘IAC 766’ destacaram-se pela maior síntese de prolina radicular, o ‘IAC 766’ apresentou melhor resultado para síntese de sacarose foliar, enquanto ‘Paulsen1103’ se destacou em prolina foliar, carotenoide e razão clorofila total/carotenoide. Pode-se concluir que os porta-enxertos ‘IAC 313’, ‘IAC 766’ e ‘Paulsen 1103’ apresentam melhor desempenho quanto às características estudadas e, portanto, são uma escolha válida para cultivo da videira no Submédio do Vale do São Francisco, especialmente em condições de déficit hídrico. hídricos semiáridas porta enxertos seca Bebedouro Semiárido PetrolinaPE. PetrolinaPE Petrolina PE. PE Petrolina-PE ‘Paulsen1103, Paulsen1103 Paulsen ‘Paulsen1103 , ‘SO4, SO4 SO ‘SO4 ‘SO4’ IAC 313, 313 572, 572 572’ 766, 766 ‘Ramsey Ramsey ‘10114 10114 ‘101 14 101 ‘101-1 MgT 100, 100 (100 5 20 ETo. ETo . ETo) repetições subdivididas PCA (PCA variância destacaramse destacaram radicular foliar totalcarotenoide total total/carotenoide Podese Pode 1103 portanto Francisco hídrico Paulsen110 ‘Paulsen110 ‘SO 31 57 76 ‘1011 1011 ‘10 1 10 ‘101- (10 2 110 Paulsen11 ‘Paulsen11 3 7 ‘1 (1 11 Paulsen1 ‘Paulsen1 ‘ (

O objetivo principal deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta clínica em duas horas de dois medicamentos intravenosos (dexametasona e haloperidol) no tratamento da crise de enxaqueca refratária na emergência da Santa Casa de São Paulo. Foi também observada a presença de efeitos colaterais de ambas medicações. Avaliamos 29 pacientes, diagnosticados como portadores de enxaqueca (com e sem aura), segundo os critérios da International Headache Society. Todos referiam escore 10 de dor (escala analógica), antes do tratamento com um ou outro medicamento. Todos pacientes haviam recebido previamente dipirona (1g) intravenosa e aguardado 60 minutos, sem qualquer resposta clínica. O grupo 1 (14 pacientes) recebeu haloperidol 5 mg e o grupo 2 (15 pacientes) recebeu dexametasona 4 mg, ambas diluídas em 10 ml de água destilada. A avaliação de melhora clínica foi realizada a intervalos regulares (30, 60,90 e 120 minutos). Ambas as drogas mostraram-se igualmente eficazes no alívio da dor, após 2 horas. Entretanto o grupo 1 obteve alívio superior a 50% nos escores de dor já a partir de 30 minutos da infusão. Após 90 minutos, 100% dos pacientes estavam sem dor. Reações adversas foram observadas somente no grupo 1, não sendo importantes.

We studied the efficacy of dexametasone (4 mg) and haloperidol (5 mg) in the treatment of migraine in the emergency room. Twenty nine patients who had diagnosis of migraine according to the International Headache Society criteria and were evaluated for a painful episode at the emergency room of Santa Casa of São Paulo were included. All the patients scored their pain in 10 when evaluated, even after the use of intravenous analgesia (dipyrone). Fourteen patients were treated with haloperidol and the remaining 15 received dexametasone. The patients were asked about pain intensity at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the use of either the drugs. Both drugs were equally efficient in pain relief after two hours. Patients who were treated with haloperidol showed an important improvement (more than 50% of improve in the analogic pain scale) in the first 30 minutes. The dexametasone treated patients only reached this grade of analgesia after 120 minutes. Although we studied a small serie of patients, our data suggest that both drugs are efficient in the treatment of a refractory migraine attack. Haloperidol seemed to work quickly in pain relief. No important side effects were observed in neither groups.

As assim chamadas cefaléias primárias de curta duração incluem entidades heterogêneas podendo ser divididas entre aquelas sem importante ativação autonômica e aquelas onde esta ativação é evidente, nestas se inclui a síndrome cefaléia em salvas - neuralgia do trigêmeo (cluster-tic). Apresentamos cinco novos casos com faixa etária mais próxima da neuralgia do trigêmeo e com concomitância entre a cefaléia em salvas e a neuralgia do trigêmeo o que é muito menos frequente na literatura. Discute-se também brevemente a fisiopatologia desta entidade clínica sugerindo que o nervo trigêmeo é a via comum da manifestação dolorosa.

The so-called short lasting primary headaches include heterogenic entities that can be divided between those without pronounced autonomic activation and those where this activation is evident, which includes the cluster-tic syndrome. We report five new cases with age closer to the trigeminal neuralgia's one, and concomitance of cluster headache and trigeminal neuralgia, which is less frequent in the literature. We also discuss briefly the pathophysiology of these clinical entities, suggesting that the trigeminus nerve is a common pathway of pain manifestation.

Quatorze pacientes foram avaliados no serviço de emergência da Santa Casa de São Paulo devido a cefaléia aguda. Quatro pacientes tinham o diagnóstico de enxaqueca com aura e cinco o de enxaqueca sem aura. Quatro pacientes foram diagnosticados como portadores de cefaléia crônica diária com interparoxismos de enxaqueca. E finalmente um paciente tinha o diagnóstico de hemicrania paroxística crônica. Todos os pacientes receberam diagnóstico de acordo com os critérios da International Headache Society, para a cefaléia que motivou a procura do atendimento de emergência. A dose de clorpromazina usada foi 0,7 mg/Kg diluída em solução glicosada a 5% e a dose máxima nunca excedeu 50 mg. O tempo de administração nunca foi inferior a 60 minutos. Os resultados foram considerados excelentes em todos os casos. Alguns pacientes apresentaram efeitos colaterais, particularmente hipotensão ortostática, sempre moderada e transitória. Este estudo demonstra claramente que a clorpromazina (0,7 mg/Kg) é altamente eficaz para tratamento de episódios de cefaléia primária.

Therapeutic measures, with intravenous chlorpromazine, taken during acute headache are evaluated in fourteen patients at the emergency room in Santa Casa de São Paulo. Four patients had the diagnosis of migraine with aura and five patients migraine without aura. Four patients had diagnosis of chronic daily headache with intermittent and superimposed migrainous events. Finally one patient had the diagnosis of chronic paroxysmal hemicrania. All patients were diagnosed according to Intenational Headache Society criteria. The intravenous chlorpromazine dose used was 0.7 mg/Kg diluted in 5% glucose solution and the dose never exceeded 50 mg. The time of drug administration was never less than 60 minutes. The results were considered excellent in all cases. Some patients presented side effects, particularly orthostatic hypotension, always moderate and transitory. This study has clearlly demonstrated that intravenous chlorpromazine (0.7 mg/Kg) was highly effective in terminating episodes of primary headache.