ABSTRACT Avian species are recognized as reservoirs of bacteria with potential human health risks, highlighting the need for further research into their role in spreading these pathogens, and the associated public health concerns. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of Campylobacter jejuni and Escherichia coli among various farmed avian species. A total of 5 avian species from different farms in the district of Kasur were sampled, and fecal samples (n=250) were collected for analysis. The samples were processed using standard microbiological techniques to isolate and identify C. jejuni and E. coli. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed to determine the resistance patterns of these bacteria against commonly used antibiotics. The results revealed a significant prevalence of C. jejuni (56%) and E. coli (87%) among the avian species tested. Regarding antibiotic resistance, both C. jejuni and E. coli strains showed varying levels of resistance to the tested antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, erythromycin and amoxicillin). The findings suggest that avian species may harbor C. jejuni and E. coli, underscoring the need for surveillance, control, and effective management of antibiotic use. It was concluded that avian species are significant reservoirs for Campylobacter jejuni and Escherichia coli, which exhibited notable antibiotic resistance and multidrug-resistant strains. risks pathogens concerns sampled n=250 n250 n 250 (n=250 analysis C E 56% 56 (56% 87% 87 (87% ciprofloxacin, ciprofloxacin (ciprofloxacin tetracycline amoxicillin. amoxicillin . amoxicillin) surveillance control use multidrugresistant multidrug resistant n=25 n25 25 (n=25 (56 8 (87 n=2 n2 2 (n=2 (5 (8 n= (n= ( (n

ABSTRACT The selection of an appropriate production system plays a crucial role in ensuring the health, welfare, and productivity of American Pekin ducks. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of various rearing production systems on the performance of American Pekin Ducks. A total of 180 straight run ducklings (10 days old) were randomly allocated into three experimental groups: intensive production system (IPS), free-range production system (FRPS), and pool with yard production system (PYPS). The distribution was carried out following a completely randomized design. We investigated the morphological parameters, growth performance, serum chemistry, meat cholesterol and triacylglycerol, cellular immunity, intestinal morphology, and carcass traits of Pekin ducks. The results indicate that PYPS birds exhibited significantly better morphometric parameters compared to IPS and FRPS ones. Ducks raised in PYPS had the highest growth rate till the 75th day as compared to those reared in IPS and FRPS. Triacylglycerol, total lipids, blood and meat fat and triacylglycerol were higher in IPS; whereas albumin, AG ratio, total proteins, glucose, and globulin were higher in PYPS. Similarly, cellular immunity (phagocytic activity, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes) was increased in PYPS. Intestinal morphology and overall carcass traits were better in birds reared under PYPS than in those of IPS and FRPS. American Pekin ducks raised in PYPS showed improved growth, serum chemistry, cellular immunity, and carcass traits. These results suggest that the PYPS could be a promising production system for raising ducks in sub-tropical regions. health welfare 18 10 (1 old groups IPS, , (IPS) freerange free range FRPS, (FRPS) . (PYPS) design chemistry ones th Triacylglycerol lipids albumin ratio proteins glucose Similarly phagocytic activity eosinophils basophils monocytes subtropical sub tropical regions 1 ( (IPS (FRPS (PYPS

ABSTRACT This study aims to identify relative proportions of beneficial and pathogenic bacteria in the gut of broilers and risk factors that may be contributing to the development of colibacillosis disease in broiler farms of District Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan. For this, 10 healthy and 10 colibacillosis affected broiler farms were surveyed for ileum and blood sample collection along with data regarding farm management, antibiotic use and hygiene practices. Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli number was estimated using Miles and Misra method and colibacillosis was confirmed by Congo red dye assay. Lactobacillus and E. coli were identified biochemically. For risk factors analysis chi-square analysis was performed to find any significant association between the health status of the farm and risk factors. Results showed during disease and healthy conditions Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli counts differ significantly (p<0.05). E. coli counts (106-108 to 107-109) increased (p<0.05) about three folds and Lactobacillus counts decrease (106-108 to 105-107) about four folds in disease conditions. Risk factor analysis showed colibacillosis disease was significantly associated (p<0.05) with non-vaccinated flocks, natural ventilation systems, rodent presence and the lack of outfit disinfection or change by workers when moving between different houses. It is concluded that E. coli and Lactobacillus work antagonistically to each other. However, further research is necessary to determine the exact mechanisms by which E. coli and Lactobacillus influence the development of colibacillosis. While Lactobacillus as probiotic may help with prevention, good hygiene and management practices are still crucial in preventing the spread of disease.