RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a dinâmica epidemiológica espaçotemporal das meningites no Brasil, entre os anos de 2010 e 2019. Métodos: Estudo ecológico descritivo com os casos e óbitos por meningites no Brasil (2010–2019) no Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação. Realizaram-se (I) análises de frequências dos casos e óbitos, taxas de prevalência, mortalidade, letalidade, testes de exato de Fisher e qui-quadrado; (II) regressão de Prais-Winsten; e (III) índice de Moran global, local e densidade de Kernel. Resultados: Notificaram-se 182.126 casos de meningites no Brasil, dos quais 16.866 (9,26%) evoluíram para óbito, com taxas de prevalência de 9,03/100.000/habitantes, mortalidade de 0,84/100.000/habitantes e letalidade de 9,26%. Destaca-se a tendência de decrescimento das taxas de prevalência (−9,5%, intervalo de confiança de 95% — IC95% −13,92; −4,96, p<0,01) e mortalidade (−11,74%, IC95% −13,92; −9,48, p<01,01), enquanto a letalidade se manteve estacionária (−2,08%, IC95% −4,9; 0,8; p<0,1941). A maioria dos casos foi de meningites virais (45,7%), entre 1 e 9 anos (32,2%), enquanto a maior parcela dos óbitos foi por meningites bacterianas (68%), entre 40 e 59 anos (26,3%). Nos mapas de Moran e Kernel das taxas de prevalência e mortalidade, destacaram-se com altas taxas os municípios do sul, sudeste e a capital de Pernambuco, no nordeste; já na letalidade, evidenciaram-se o norte, o nordeste e o litoral do sudeste. Conclusão: Encontrou-se decréscimo dos casos e óbitos por meningites neste estudo, entretanto a taxa de letalidade foi maior em áreas com menor prevalência, reforçando a necessidade do aprimoramento das ações de identificação, vigilância e assistência em saúde dos casos, bem como da ampliação da cobertura vacinal.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the spatiotemporal epidemiological dynamics of meningitis in Brazil, between 2010 and 2019. Methods: Descriptive ecological study with cases and deaths due to meningitis in Brazil (2010-2019) in the National Notifiable Diseases Information System (Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação – SINAN). The following analyses were performed: (I) frequency analyses of cases and deaths, prevalence rates, mortality, lethality, Fisher's exact test, and chi-square test; (II) Prais-Winstein regression; and (III) Global, Local Moran's index, and Kernel density. Results: 182,126 cases of meningitis were reported in Brazil, of which 16,866 (9.26%) resulted in death, with prevalence rates of 9.03/100,000 inhabitants, mortality of 0.84/100,000 inhabitants, and lethality of 9.26%. There was a noted trend of decreasing prevalence rates (−9.5%, 95% confidence interval — 95%CI −13.92; −4.96, p<0.01) and mortality (−11.74%, 95%CI −13.92; −9.48, p<0.01), while lethality remained stable (−2.08%, 95%CI −4.9; 0.8; p<0.1941). The majority of cases were viral meningitis (45.7%), among 1-9 years old (32.2%), while the highest proportion of deaths was due to bacterial meningitis (68%), among 40-59 years old (26.3%). In the Moran and Kernel maps of prevalence and mortality rates, municipalities in the South, Southeast, and the capital of Pernambuco in the Northeast stood out with high rates; as for lethality, the North, Northeast, and Southeast coastal areas were highlighted. Conclusion: A decrease in meningitis cases and deaths was found in this study; however, the lethality rate was higher in areas with lower prevalence, emphasizing the need to enhance actions for identifying, monitoring, and providing health care for cases, as well as expanding vaccination coverage.

Abstract Resynchronization protocols have been proposed as a way of shortening females’ unproductive time in the flock, with good results in cattle and sheep. In goats, initial studies have shown that a second progestogen device inserted before luteolysis and pregnancy diagnosis does not interfere with the corpus luteum lifespan or functionality. This study aimed to evaluate the follicular growth, ovulation pattern and pregnancy rate after insertion of a second and new progestogen device for resynchronizing, with or without equine Chorionic Gonadotrophin (eCG), submitted to natural mating (NM) or artificial insemination (AI) to propose a viable resynchronization protocol for dairy goats. A total of 38 multiparous Saanen goats underwent a short-term progesterone protocol [six days exposed to medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) intravaginal sponges + 200 IU eCG and 0.12 mg of cloprostenol sodium on the 5th day + 0.025 mg of lecirelin 34 hours after sponge withdrawal] and, on day 16th after the ovulation, received a new MAP device which was retained until day 21. At this moment females were split into four groups: GeCG+NM – 100 IU eCG with NM; GSal+NM – saline solution with NM; GeCG+AI – 100 IU eCG with AI; and GSal+AI – saline solution with AI. Ultrasound scans were performed every 12 h from sponge withdrawal (day 21) until 108 h after sponge withdrawal (day 25) for follicular dynamics evaluation, at 240 h (day 31) for assessing the presence of active corpus luteum, and on day 60 for pregnancy diagnosis. No differences were found regarding ovulation time, synchronization and follicle size. However, GeCG+NM presented a greater estrus manifestation rate (100%) and pregnancy rate (62.5%) when compared to GSal+AI. In conclusion, resynchronization protocols in dairy goats may present satisfactory results.

RESUMO Introdução: A clientela crítica encontra-se exposta à riscos. Assim, compreender as relações entre os elementos que envolvem a segurança e proteção torna-se fundamental. Objetivo: verificar a associação entre os diagnósticos de enfermagem do domínio segurança e proteção da NANDA Internacional com seus componentes em pacientes críticos internados em unidade de terapia intensiva. Métodos: estudo transversal, realizado com 86 pacientes críticos de um hospital no Nordeste do Brasil, por meio do formulário. Na análise estatística, foram aplicados os testes de Qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher. Resultados: O diagnóstico Risco de resposta adversa ao meio de contraste com iodo apresentou associação estatística com os componentes: Propriedades físicas e químicas dos meios de contraste, Ansiedade, Uso concomitante de medicamentos, Veias fragilizadas, Doença subjacente e Extremos de idade. O diagnóstico Risco de desequilíbrio na temperatura corporal associou-se à taxa metabólica alterada, extremos de idade e sedação. Conclusão: Esses achados proporcionam avanço científico para a enfermagem ao fornecerem auxílio na inferência diagnóstica, na previsão dos cuidados e na tomada de decisão do enfermeiro.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Critically-ill patients, admitted to an intensive care unit, are exposed to risks. Therefore, understanding the relationships between the elements involving their safety and protection becomes fundamental. Objective: To verify the association between the nursing diagnoses within the domain safety and protection of NANDA (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association) International with its components in critically-ill patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out through a form conducted on 86 critically-ill patients of a hospital in the northeast of Brazil. The chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were applied in the statistical analysis. Results: The diagnosis of the risk of adverse response to the contrast medium with iodine presented statistical association with the components: physical and chemical properties of the contrast media, anxiety, concomitant use of medications, fragile veins, underlying disease, and age extremes. The diagnosis of the risk of imbalance in body temperature was associated with the altered metabolic rate, age extremes, and sedation. Conclusion: These findings provide scientific advances for nursing by providing help in diagnostic inference, in the anticipation of care, and in the decision-making by the nursing staff.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los pacientes en estado crítico, internados en una unidad de terapia intensiva, se encuentran expuestos a riesgos. Así, comprender las relaciones entre los elementos que involucran su seguridad y su protección se vuelve fundamental. Objetivo: Verificar la asociación entre los diagnósticos de enfermería del dominio seguridad y protección de la NANDA Internacional con sus componentes en pacientes críticos internados en unidad de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Estudio transversal, realizado con 86 pacientes críticos de un hospital en el Nordeste de Brasil, a través del formulario. En el análisis estadístico, se aplicaron las pruebas de Qui-cuadrado y exacto de Fisher. Resultados: El diagnóstico Riesgo de respuesta adversa al medio de contraste con yodo presentó asociación estadística con los componentes: Propiedades físicas y químicas de los medios de contraste, Ansiedad, Uso concomitante de medicamentos, Venas fragilizadas, Enfermedad subyacente y Extremos de edad. El diagnóstico Riesgo de desequilibrio en la temperatura corporal se asoció a la tasa metabólica alterada, extremos de edad y sedación. Conclusión: Estos hallazgos proporcionan avances científicos para la enfermería al proporcionar ayuda en la inferencia diagnóstica, en la previsión de los cuidados y en la toma de decisión del personal de enfermería.

RESUMO Introdução: a hemodiálise contribui para a eliminação de substâncias indesejáveis ao organismo, de modo a diminuir os efeitos do comprometimento da disfunção renal, mas algumas repercussões em diferentes áreas do corpo são percebidas, como as psicológicas e cognitivas. Objetivo: identificar a associação entre as características psicológicas e cognitivas do paciente em hemodiálise com seus dados clínicos e socioeconômicos. Métodos: pesquisa transversal, realizada com 100 pacientes em hemodiálise internados em um hospital universitário e atendidos em uma clínica de hemodiálise do Nordeste do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados, no período de dezembro de 2012 a abril de 2013, a partir de um formulário contendo dados socioeconômicos, clínicos, Mini Exame do Estado Mental, escala de ansiedade e critérios para a medição da agitação. Estudo aprovado pelo comitê de ética com protocolo 148.428 e Certificado de Apresentação para Apreciação Ética 08696212.7.0000.5537. Resultados: a maioria sexo feminino (52 %), idade média de 51,1 anos (±16,5), medianas de 6,5 anos de estudo e renda de dois salários mínimos. Dados laboratoriais: Ureia e creatinina alteradas em 100 % dos pacientes, potássio alterado em 73 %, hemoglobina (72 %) e hematócrito (95 %) diminuídos. Dados clínicos: 81 % hipertensos e 30 % diabéticos. Maioria dos pacientes ansiosa e agitada. Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre: ansiedade e idade (p=0,030) e ansiedade e renda familiar (p=0,048). Conclusões: identificaram-se associações entre ansiedade e duas variáveis socioecômicas, idade e renda familiar, não sendo evidenciadas associações com as variáveis clínicas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: hemodialysis contributes to the elimination of undesirable substances to the body in order to reduce the effects of impaired renal dysfunction, but some effects on different body areas are perceived as psychological and cognitive. Objective: to identify the association between psychological and cognitive characteristics of the patient on hemodialysis with their clinical and socioeconomic data. Methods: cross-sectional survey conducted with 100 hemodialysis patients at a university hospital and treated at a hemodialysis clinic in northeastern Brazil. Data were collected from December 2012 to April 2013, from a form containing socioeconomic data, clinical data, Mini Mental State Examination, scale of anxiety and criteria for measuring the agitation. This study was approved by the ethics committee with protocol 148,428 and Presentation Certificate for Ethics Assessment 08696212.7.0000.5537. Results: most was female (52 %), mean age 51.1 years (± 16.5), median of 6.5 years of study and income of two minimum salaries. Laboratory data: Urea and creatinine altered in 100 % of patients, in 73 % potassium modified, hemoglobin (72 %) and hematocrit (95 %) reduced. Clinical data: 81 % were hypertensive and 30 % were diabetics. Most were anxious and agitated patients. There was a statistically significant association between: anxiety and age (p = 0.030) and anxiety and family income (p = 0.048). Conclusions: there were associations between anxiety and two variables socioeconomics, age and family income, not being evidenced associations with clinical variables.

RESUMEN Introducción: la hemodiálisis contribuye a la eliminación de sustancias indeseables en el cuerpo con el fin de reducir los efectos de la disfunción renal, pero algunos efectos en diferentes áreas del cuerpo se perciben como psicológico y cognitivo. Objetivo: identificar la asociación entre las características psicológicas y cognitivas del paciente en hemodiálisis con sus datos clínicos y socioeconómicos. Métodos: estudio transversal realizado con 100 pacientes de hemodiálisis en un hospital universitario y tratado en una clínica de hemodiálisis en el noreste de Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados a partir de diciembre 2012 a abril 2013, a partir de un formulario que contiene datos socioeconómicos, clínicos, Mini Examen del Estado Mental, la escala de ansiedad y criterios para medir la agitación. Este estudio fue aprobado por el comité de ética con el protocolo 148.428 y Presentación Certificado de Evaluación Ética 08696212.7.0000.5537. Resultados: la mayoría fueron mujeres (52 %), edad media 51,1 años (± 16,5), mediana de 6,5 años de estudio y de los ingresos de dos salarios mínimos. Datos de laboratorio: creatinina y urea alterada en el 100 % de los pacientes, potasio modificados en 73 %, disminución hemoglobina (72 %) y hematocrito (95 %). Datos clínicos: 81 % eran hipertensos y 30 % eran diabéticos. La mayoría de los pacientes estaban ansiosos y agitados. Hubo una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre: la ansiedad y la edad (p = 0,030) y la ansiedad y el ingreso familiar (p = 0,048). Conclusiones: fueron identificadas asociaciones entre la ansiedad y dos variables socioeconómicas: la edad y los ingresos familiares, no se evidenciaron asociaciones con variables clínicas.

ABSTRACT In order to investigate the existence of a possible abscission zone in the binding region between the peduncle and the coffee fruit, as well as the biochemical events involved in fruit ripening, we studied peduncles and fruits of Coffea arabica L. cv. “Icatu amarelo”. Coffee fruits were harvested at different maturation stages by using specific intervals of detachment force. It was observed a breakdown in the cells of the connecting region between peduncles and fruits throughout the maturation process. This disruption is probably caused by increased activity of the cell wall-loosening enzymes (polygalacturonase and cellulase) as well as by higher levels of lipid peroxidation in the final maturation stages. In general, physiological differences between maturation stages were observed and can largely explain the different detachment forces required at different stages. In conclusion, there is no clear abscission zone between the peduncle and the coffee fruit cv. “Icatu amarelo”. Nevertheless, the decrease in the detachment force throughout the maturation process can occur due to the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes together with increased oxidative stress during the fruit ripening.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of tyrosine on the in vitro growth and the production of the betacyanin pigment in Alternanthera philoxeroides and A. tenella. Nodal segments were inoculated in MS medium containing different concentrations of tyrosine (0, 25, 50 and 75 μM), and the number of sprouts and buds, height, root length, fresh matter of shoots and roots and betacyanin content were evaluated. In A. philoxeroides , the highest production of betacyanin (51.30 mg 100 g-1 FM) was in the stems with the addition of approximately 45 μM tyrosine, while the increase in the leaves was proportional to the tyrosine concentration, and the best average was obtained with a tyrosine concentration of 75 μM (15.32 mg 100 g-1 FM). Higher tyrosine concentrations were deleterious to the growth of A. tenella plants, and a concentration of 75 μM was considered toxic. However, a tyrosine concentration of 50 μM benefitted betacyanin production, which reached 36.5 mg 100 g-1 FM in the plant shoots. These results showed the positive effect of tyrosine on the production of betacyanin in both species; however, application at high concentrations hampered the growth of Alternanthera plants.

Rabies transmitted by vampire bats was diagnosed in pigs with paralysis of the pelvic limbs. Diffuse nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis, affecting mainly the spinal cord, was observed histologically. Despite the various diagnosis of rabies in pigs this is the first report of clinical signs and pathology of rabies transmitted by vampire bats.