ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus among individuals living in restricted freedom. METHODS A seroprevalence survey was carried out with the population of the female penitentiary of the Centro de Progressão Penitenciária (CPP) in Butantan (municipality of São Paulo), between June 24 and August 20, 2020. During this period, according to the Secretariat of Penitentiary Administration (SAP), the positivity of rapid tests among inmates ranged from 65% to 78%. The evaluation method used in the study was the “One Step COVID-19” rapid test (chromatography), from the company Wondfo, also using the RT-PCR method in symptomatic participants to confirm the viral condition. The study population consisted of 879 female inmates and 170 employees of the institution. RESULTS The prevalence of total antibodies (IgG/IgM) against the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the total population of 1049 study participants was 6.1%; among the population of 879 inmates,a prevalence of 5.8% was observed, and among the institution’s employees, 7.5%. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of covid-19 at the Butantan CPP was low, which is due to the implementation of simple prevention measures at the institution, such as the use of masks (with appropriate changes), emphasis on hygiene, hand washing and social distancing, in addition to other strategies, such as suspending inmates’ visits from relatives and friends and cutting back on elective medical appointments and outside work. SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2 SARS-CoV- freedom (CPP municipality Paulo, Paulo , Paulo) 20 2020 period SAP, SAP (SAP) 65 78 78% One COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-19 chromatography, chromatography (chromatography) Wondfo RTPCR RT PCR condition 87 17 institution IgG/IgM IgGIgM IgG IgM (IgG/IgM 104 6.1% 61 6 1 inmatesa a 58 5 8 5.8 observed institutions s 75 7 7.5% covid19 covid covid-1 low changes, changes changes) hygiene distancing strategies work SARS-CoV 202 (SAP COVID1 COVID-1 (chromatography 10 6.1 5. 7.5 covid1 covid- COVID- 6. 7.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Estimar a prevalência da exposição ao vírus SARS-CoV-2 entre indivíduos vivendo em restrição de liberdade. MÉTODOS Foi realizado inquérito de soroprevalência com a população da penitenciária feminina do Centro de Progressão Penitenciária (CPP) do Butantan (município de São Paulo), entre 24 de junho e 20 de agosto de 2020. Nesse período, segundo a Secretaria de Administração Penitenciária (SAP), a positividade dos testes rápidos entre detentos variou de 65 a 78%. O método de avaliação utilizado no estudo foi o teste rápido “One Step COVID-19” (cromatografia), da empresa Wondfo, empregando-se também o método RT-PCR em participantes sintomáticos para confirmação do quadro viral. A população do estudo foi constituída por 879 reeducandas e 170 funcionários da instituição. RESULTADOS A prevalência de anticorpos totais (IgG/IgM) contra o vírus SARS-CoV-2 na população total de 1.049 participantes do estudo foi de 6,1%; entre a população de 879 reeducandas foi observada prevalência de 5,8% e entre os servidores da instituição, 7,5%. CONCLUSÃO Houve baixa prevalência de covid-19 no CPP do Butantan, o que se deve à implementação de medidas de prevenção simples na instituição, como o uso de máscaras (com trocas adequadas), ênfase na higiene, lavagem das mãos e distanciamento social, além de outras estratégias, como suspensão de visitas de familiares e amigos das reeducandas, cortes de consultas médicas eletivas e do trabalho externo. SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2 SARS-CoV- liberdade (CPP município Paulo, Paulo , Paulo) 2020 período SAP, SAP (SAP) 6 78 78% One COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-19 cromatografia, cromatografia (cromatografia) Wondfo empregandose empregando RTPCR RT PCR viral 87 17 instituição IgG/IgM IgGIgM IgG IgM (IgG/IgM 1049 1 049 1.04 6,1% 61 58 5 8 5,8 75 7 7,5% covid19 covid covid-1 adequadas, adequadas adequadas) higiene social estratégias externo SARS-CoV 202 (SAP COVID1 COVID-1 (cromatografia 104 04 1.0 6,1 5, 7,5 covid1 covid- COVID- 10 0 1. 6, 7,

RESUMO OBJETIVO Estimar a prevalência da exposição ao vírus SARS-CoV-2 entre indivíduos vivendo em restrição de liberdade. MÉTODOS Foi realizado inquérito de soroprevalência com a população da penitenciária feminina do Centro de Progressão Penitenciária (CPP) do Butantan (município de São Paulo), entre 24 de junho e 20 de agosto de 2020. Nesse período, segundo a Secretaria de Administração Penitenciária (SAP), a positividade dos testes rápidos entre detentos variou de 65 a 78%. O método de avaliação utilizado no estudo foi o teste rápido “One Step COVID-19” (cromatografia), da empresa Wondfo, empregando-se também o método RT-PCR em participantes sintomáticos para confirmação do quadro viral. A população do estudo foi constituída por 879 reeducandas e 170 funcionários da instituição. RESULTADOS A prevalência de anticorpos totais (IgG/IgM) contra o vírus SARS-CoV-2 na população total de 1.049 participantes do estudo foi de 6,1%; entre a população de 879 reeducandas foi observada prevalência de 5,8% e entre os servidores da instituição, 7,5%. CONCLUSÃO Houve baixa prevalência de covid-19 no CPP do Butantan, o que se deve à implementação de medidas de prevenção simples na instituição, como o uso de máscaras (com trocas adequadas), ênfase na higiene, lavagem das mãos e distanciamento social, além de outras estratégias, como suspensão de visitas de familiares e amigos das reeducandas, cortes de consultas médicas eletivas e do trabalho externo.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus among individuals living in restricted freedom. METHODS A seroprevalence survey was carried out with the population of the female penitentiary of the Centro de Progressão Penitenciária (CPP) in Butantan (municipality of São Paulo), between June 24 and August 20, 2020. During this period, according to the Secretariat of Penitentiary Administration (SAP), the positivity of rapid tests among inmates ranged from 65% to 78%. The evaluation method used in the study was the “One Step COVID-19” rapid test (chromatography), from the company Wondfo, also using the RT-PCR method in symptomatic participants to confirm the viral condition. The study population consisted of 879 female inmates and 170 employees of the institution. RESULTS The prevalence of total antibodies (IgG/IgM) against the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the total population of 1049 study participants was 6.1%; among the population of 879 inmates,a prevalence of 5.8% was observed, and among the institution’s employees, 7.5%. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of covid-19 at the Butantan CPP was low, which is due to the implementation of simple prevention measures at the institution, such as the use of masks (with appropriate changes), emphasis on hygiene, hand washing and social distancing, in addition to other strategies, such as suspending inmates’ visits from relatives and friends and cutting back on elective medical appointments and outside work.

ABSTRACT This cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey presents the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in a population living in 15 Long-Term Care Facilities (LTCFs), after two intra-institutional outbreaks of COVID-19 in the city of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Residents were invited to participate in the serological survey performed in June and July 2020. Sociodemographic and clinical characterization of the participants as well as the LTCF profile were recorded. Blood samples were collected, processed and serum samples were tested using the rapid One Step COVID-19 immunochromatography test to detect IgM and IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2. Among 209 residents, the median of age was 81 years old, 135 (64.6%) were female and 171 (81.8%) self-referred as being white. An overall seroprevalence of 11.5% (95% CI: 7.5% – 16.6%) was found. The highest seroprevalences of 100% and 76.9% were observed in LTCFs that had experienced COVID-19 outbreaks. Most residents with positive immunochromatography tests (70.8%) referred previous contact with a confirmed COVID-19 case. Although there was a relatively low seroprevalence of COVID-19 in the total number of elderly people, this population is highly vulnerable and LTCFs are environments at higher risk for COVID-19 dissemination. A well-established test for COVID-19 policies, the adequate characterization of the level of interaction between residents and the healthcare provider team and the level of complexity of care are crucial to monitor and control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in these institutions.

ABSTRACT Vaccination has been a successful strategy in influenza prevention. However, despite the safety and efficacy of the vaccines, they can cause adverse events following immunization (AEFI). Moreover, due to the vaccination success, most of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) have become rare, and public attention has been shifted from VPD to the AEFI associated with vaccination. This manuscript describes the safety of Instituto Butantan (IB) seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) from 2013 to 2017. AEFI data were received by the Department of Pharmacovigilance of IB (PV-IB), from January the 1st 2013 to December the 31st 2017, and were recorded in an electronic database (OpenClinica©). PV-IB received 1,415 Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSR) associated with the TIV; 1,253 ICSR with at least one AEFI were analyzed and 4,140 AEFI were identified. The other 162 (11.4%) cases did not present any symptom. Among the total of AEFI, 405 (9.8%) were classified as serious. AEFI with the highest incidence rates per 100,000 doses of TIV were: “local pain” (0.28), “local erythema” (0.23), “local warmth” (0.22), “local swelling” (0.20) and “fever” (0.19). PV-IB received 175 (4.2%) occurrences of SAE of special interest, of which 75 (1.8%) anaphylaxis/anaphylactic reactions, 56 (1.4%) neurological syndromes (including seven Guillain-Barré Syndrome) and 44 (1.1%) convulsion/febrile convulsion. The results of this manuscript suggested that Instituto Butantan trivalent influenza vaccine (IB-TIV) is safe, as most of the reported AEFI were classified as non-serious. AEFI described for the IB-TIV are in agreement with the ones described in the literature for similar vaccines.

ABSTRACT Annual vaccination is the most effective way to prevent seasonal influenza illness. Instituto Butantan (IB) performed clinical studies with its 2013, 2014 and 2015 seasonal trivalent influenza vaccines (inactivated split-virion). Prospective cohort studies were carried out to describe the safety and immunogenicity of Instituto Butantan influenza vaccines, in healthy adults and elderly, from 2013 to 2015. Immediately after the informed consent was signed, participants underwent blood collection followed by vaccination. On study days 1, 2 and 3 post-vaccination participants were contacted by the staff to evaluate the occurrence of solicited (local and systemic) and non-solicited adverse reactions. On study day 21 (+7) subjects returned to the clinical site for final safety assessments and blood collection to evaluate post-vaccination immunogenicity. The immunogenicity analyses were performed by means of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. The immunogenicity endpoints were: seroprotection (SPR) and seroconversion (SCR) rates and the geometric mean HI antibody titer ratio (GMTR). The 2013 study was conducted at the Centro de Referência para Imunobiológicos Especiais (CRIE) and at the Centro de Pesquisa Clínica do Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo while the 2014 and 2015 studies were conducted at CRIE. The vaccine composition followed the WHO recommendation for the Southern hemisphere seasonal influenza vaccine. Forty-seven healthy adults and 13 elderly participated in the 2013 study, 60 healthy adults and 60 elderly in the 2014 study, and 62 healthy adults and 57 elderly in the 2015 study. In the 2013, 2014 and 2015 studies, pain was the most frequent local adverse reaction and headache the most frequent systemic adverse reaction. All observed adverse reactions were classified as mild or moderate and none as severe. SPR >70% and SPR >60% were observed in adults and elderly, respectively, for the three vaccine viruses, in the 2013, 2014 and 2015 studies. SCR >40% was observed in adults, for the three vaccine viruses, only in the 2014 study and SCR >30% was observed in the elderly, for the three vaccine viruses, only in the 2013 and 2014 studies. GMTR >2.5 among adults, for the three vaccine viruses was only observed in the 2013 study and GMTR >2.0 was observed among elderly, for the three vaccine viruses, in the 2013, 2014 and 2015 studies. The 2013, 2014 and 2015 seasonal influenza vaccines produced by Instituto Butantan were safe and immunogenic according to the immunogenicity criteria defined by the European Medicines Agency (EMA).

Resumo OBJETIVO: descrever o perfil de segurança dos soros heterólogos produzidos pelo Instituto Butantan (IB) de São Paulo-SP, Brasil. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo dos relatos de eventos adversos (EA) pós-exposição aos soros produzidos pelo IB, codificados pela terminologia do Dicionário Médico para Atividades Regulatórias (MedDRA), notificados espontaneamente ao IB entre 2012 e 2015. RESULTADOS: foram notificados 52 usuários com algum evento adverso relacionado, principalmente, aos soros antibotrópico (n=11), antidiftérico (n=9) e antiofídico não especificado (n=9); observaram-se, em média, 3,2 EA por indivíduo; dos 173 EA notificados, 63,0% eram esperados por serem eventos descritos em bula; os EA mais notificados foram categorizados como afecções dos tecidos cutâneos e subcutâneos (30,6%); houve seis óbitos temporalmente relacionados ao uso de soros, porém essa associação foi descartada. CONCLUSÃO: no período estudado, os soros produzidos pelo IB não apresentaram alteração em seu perfil de segurança, já que os EA relatados eram esperados conforme informação descrita em bula.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: to describe the safety profile of the heterologous serum produced by the Butantan Institute (BI) of São Paulo-SP, Brazil. METHODS: a descriptive study of adverse events (AEs) post-exposure to serum produced by the BI, encoded in the medical terminology of the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA), and spontaneously reported to BI from 2012 to 2015. RESULTS: 52 individuals reported AEs, mainly related to Bothrops antivenom (n=11), diphtheria antitoxin (n=9) and unspecified snakebite serum (n=9); a mean of 3.2 AEs per individual was observed; among the total of 173 AEs, 63.0% were expected considering that they were described in the package insert; most of them were classified as skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (30.6%); there were six deaths temporally related to the use of serum, but this association was discarded. CONCLUSION: in the studied period, the serum produced by the BI had no changes in their safety profiles, considering that the AEs were expected, according to the information previously described in the package insert.

Resumen OBJETIVO: describir el perfil de seguridad de los sueros heterólogos producidos por el Instituto Butantan (IB) de São Paulo-SP, Brasil. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo de los informes de eventos adversos (EAs) post-exposición a los sueros del IB y codificados según el Diccionario Médico para Actividades Regulatorias (MedDRA). RESULTADOS: 52 usuarios presentaron EAs relacionados con los sueros antibotrópico (n=11), antidiftérico (n=9) y antiofídico no especificado (n=9); se observó, en los EAs, 3,2 de media por persona; de los 173 EAs reportados, 63,0% fueron “esperados”, ya que figuran descritos en la bula farmacológica; los EAs más reportados fueron los trastornos de piel y tejido subcutáneo (30,6%); hubo seis muertes, pero se descartó la asociación con el uso de suero. CONCLUSIÓN: durante el período de estudio, los sueros del IB no mostraron ningún cambio en su perfil de seguridad, ya que los EAs reportados eran esperados conforme información descrita en la bula.

Resumo OBJETIVO: descrever o perfil de segurança dos soros heterólogos produzidos pelo Instituto Butantan (IB) de São Paulo-SP, Brasil. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo dos relatos de eventos adversos (EA) pós-exposição aos soros produzidos pelo IB, codificados pela terminologia do Dicionário Médico para Atividades Regulatórias (MedDRA), notificados espontaneamente ao IB entre 2012 e 2015. RESULTADOS: foram notificados 52 usuários com algum evento adverso relacionado, principalmente, aos soros antibotrópico (n=11), antidiftérico (n=9) e antiofídico não especificado (n=9); observaram-se, em média, 3,2 EA por indivíduo; dos 173 EA notificados, 63,0% eram esperados por serem eventos descritos em bula; os EA mais notificados foram categorizados como afecções dos tecidos cutâneos e subcutâneos (30,6%); houve seis óbitos temporalmente relacionados ao uso de soros, porém essa associação foi descartada. CONCLUSÃO: no período estudado, os soros produzidos pelo IB não apresentaram alteração em seu perfil de segurança, já que os EA relatados eram esperados conforme informação descrita em bula.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: to describe the safety profile of the heterologous serum produced by the Butantan Institute (BI) of São Paulo-SP, Brazil. METHODS: a descriptive study of adverse events (AEs) post-exposure to serum produced by the BI, encoded in the medical terminology of the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA), and spontaneously reported to BI from 2012 to 2015. RESULTS: 52 individuals reported AEs, mainly related to Bothrops antivenom (n=11), diphtheria antitoxin (n=9) and unspecified snakebite serum (n=9); a mean of 3.2 AEs per individual was observed; among the total of 173 AEs, 63.0% were expected considering that they were described in the package insert; most of them were classified as skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (30.6%); there were six deaths temporally related to the use of serum, but this association was discarded. CONCLUSION: in the studied period, the serum produced by the BI had no changes in their safety profiles, considering that the AEs were expected, according to the information previously described in the package insert.

Resumen OBJETIVO: describir el perfil de seguridad de los sueros heterólogos producidos por el Instituto Butantan (IB) de São Paulo-SP, Brasil. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo de los informes de eventos adversos (EAs) post-exposición a los sueros del IB y codificados según el Diccionario Médico para Actividades Regulatorias (MedDRA). RESULTADOS: 52 usuarios presentaron EAs relacionados con los sueros antibotrópico (n=11), antidiftérico (n=9) y antiofídico no especificado (n=9); se observó, en los EAs, 3,2 de media por persona; de los 173 EAs reportados, 63,0% fueron “esperados”, ya que figuran descritos en la bula farmacológica; los EAs más reportados fueron los trastornos de piel y tejido subcutáneo (30,6%); hubo seis muertes, pero se descartó la asociación con el uso de suero. CONCLUSIÓN: durante el período de estudio, los sueros del IB no mostraron ningún cambio en su perfil de seguridad, ya que los EAs reportados eran esperados conforme información descrita en la bula.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends one single dose of the Yellow Fever (YF) vaccine based on studies of antibody persistency in healthy adults. We assessed the prevalence and titers of YF virus neutralizing antibodies in previously vaccinated persons aged ≥ 60 years, in comparison to younger adults. We also evaluated the correlation between antibody titers and the time since vaccination among participants who received one vaccine dose, and the seropositivity among participants vaccinated prior to or within the past 10 years. Methods: previously vaccinated healthy persons aged ≥ 18 years were included. YF virus neutralizing antibody titers were determined by means of the 50% Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test. Results: 46 persons aged ≥ 60 years and 48 persons aged 18 to 59 years were enrolled. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of YF virus neutralizing antibodies between the two groups (p = 0.263). However, titers were significantly lower in the elderly (p = 0.022). There was no correlation between YF virus neutralizing antibody titers and the time since vaccination. There was no significant difference in seropositivity among participants vaccinated prior to or within the past 10 years. Conclusions: the clinical relevance of the observed difference in YF virus neutralizing antibody titers between the two groups is not clear.

Estudo populacional transversal com idosos sem déficit cognitivo residentes na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. O objetivo foi avaliar a associação entre dor crônica e autorrelato de quedas. Idoso com dor crônica foi considerado aquele com dor de duração há mais de um ano. Os dados foram coletados por entrevista domiciliar, e as análises foram realizadas no programa Stata 11.0. A prevalência de dor crônica foi 29,7% (IC95%: 25,4-33,9); a prevalência de queda, no último ano, entre idosos com dor foi 31,6% (IC95%: 26,4-37,5) e não diferiu da prevalência entre idosos sem dor (26,4%; IC95%: 23,1-30,0; p = 0,145). No entanto, quando havia dor e osteoporose ou dor e incontinência urinária, o risco de quedas foi 50% (p = 0,019) e 48% maior (p = 0,010), respectivamente. A associação dor crônica e osteoporose ou incontinência urinária elevou a chance de quedas em idosos.

The objective of this study was to assess the association between chronic pain and self-reported falls. This was a cross-sectional sample of elderly individuals without cognitive deficits, living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, and with chronic pain. The study considered elderly that reported chronic pain for at least one year. History of falls was defined as at least one reported fall in the 12 months prior to the study. Data were obtained by home surveys of the elderly. Stata 11.0 was used for statistical analysis. Prevalence of chronic pain was 29.7% (95%CI: 25.4-33.9). Prevalence of falls in the previous year for individuals with pain was 31.6% (95%CI: 26.4-37.5) and did not differ significantly from those without pain (26.4%; 95%CI: 23.1-30.0; p = 0.145). Risk of falls was 50% higher (p = 0.019) for those with pain and osteoporosis and 48% higher for those with pain and urinary incontinence (p = 0.010). History of pain for at least one year and osteoporosis, pain, and urinary incontinency showed higher odds of falls.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre dolor crónico y el auto-reporte de las caídas. Estudio transversal, de base poblacional de personas de edad avanzada sin déficit cognitivo, residentes en la ciudad de São Paulo, Brasil. Los ancianos con dolor crónico lo definen como un dolor prolongado durante hace más de un año. Los datos fueron recogidos mediante entrevistas y los análisis se realizaron utilizando Stata 11.0. La prevalencia de dolor crónico fue de 29,7 % (IC95%: 25,4-33,9), la prevalencia de caídas en el último año, entre las personas de edad avanzada con dolor fue de 31,6% (IC95%: 26,4-37,5) y no difieren de las personas de edad avanzada sin dolor (26,4%; IC95%: 23,1-30,0; p = 0,145). Sin embargo, cuando existía dolor y se sufría osteoporosis o existía dolor e incontinencia urinaria, el riesgo de caídas fue de 50% (p = 0,019) y 48% (p = 0,010), respectivamente. La asociación dolor crónico y la osteoporosis o incontinencia urinaria aumenta la posibilidad de caídas en el anciano.

Estudo populacional transversal com idosos sem déficit cognitivo residentes na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. O objetivo foi avaliar a associação entre dor crônica e autorrelato de quedas. Idoso com dor crônica foi considerado aquele com dor de duração há mais de um ano. Os dados foram coletados por entrevista domiciliar, e as análises foram realizadas no programa Stata 11.0. A prevalência de dor crônica foi 29,7% (IC95%: 25,4-33,9); a prevalência de queda, no último ano, entre idosos com dor foi 31,6% (IC95%: 26,4-37,5) e não diferiu da prevalência entre idosos sem dor (26,4%; IC95%: 23,1-30,0; p = 0,145). No entanto, quando havia dor e osteoporose ou dor e incontinência urinária, o risco de quedas foi 50% (p = 0,019) e 48% maior (p = 0,010), respectivamente. A associação dor crônica e osteoporose ou incontinência urinária elevou a chance de quedas em idosos.

The objective of this study was to assess the association between chronic pain and self-reported falls. This was a cross-sectional sample of elderly individuals without cognitive deficits, living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, and with chronic pain. The study considered elderly that reported chronic pain for at least one year. History of falls was defined as at least one reported fall in the 12 months prior to the study. Data were obtained by home surveys of the elderly. Stata 11.0 was used for statistical analysis. Prevalence of chronic pain was 29.7% (95%CI: 25.4-33.9). Prevalence of falls in the previous year for individuals with pain was 31.6% (95%CI: 26.4-37.5) and did not differ significantly from those without pain (26.4%; 95%CI: 23.1-30.0; p = 0.145). Risk of falls was 50% higher (p = 0.019) for those with pain and osteoporosis and 48% higher for those with pain and urinary incontinence (p = 0.010). History of pain for at least one year and osteoporosis, pain, and urinary incontinency showed higher odds of falls.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre dolor crónico y el auto-reporte de las caídas. Estudio transversal, de base poblacional de personas de edad avanzada sin déficit cognitivo, residentes en la ciudad de São Paulo, Brasil. Los ancianos con dolor crónico lo definen como un dolor prolongado durante hace más de un año. Los datos fueron recogidos mediante entrevistas y los análisis se realizaron utilizando Stata 11.0. La prevalencia de dolor crónico fue de 29,7 % (IC95%: 25,4-33,9), la prevalencia de caídas en el último año, entre las personas de edad avanzada con dolor fue de 31,6% (IC95%: 26,4-37,5) y no difieren de las personas de edad avanzada sin dolor (26,4%; IC95%: 23,1-30,0; p = 0,145). Sin embargo, cuando existía dolor y se sufría osteoporosis o existía dolor e incontinencia urinaria, el riesgo de caídas fue de 50% (p = 0,019) y 48% (p = 0,010), respectivamente. La asociación dolor crónico y la osteoporosis o incontinencia urinaria aumenta la posibilidad de caídas en el anciano.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence and characteristics of chronic pain in schizophrenic patients and to compare the quality of life in patients with and without chronic pain. METHODS: Crossover design with a probablistic sample of 205 adult schizophrenic outpatients (80% paranoid schizophrenia). Socio-demographic, psychiatric disorder, pain and quality of life (WHOQOL- brief) data were collected between June and September 2008. RESULTS: Mean age was 37 years, 65% were men, and the mean time spent in school was 9 years; 87% were single, 65% lived with parents and 25% had a job. Among patients with chronic pain, 70% did not receive treatment for pain. Regarding quality of life, patients with pain had more physical disabilities compared to those without pain (p < .001). There were no differences in other domains. Comparisons between patients with and without pain did not show any differences in how much they felt their mental health problems disabled them. Conclusion: Chronic pain was common in schizophrenic patients (similar to the general population of a similar age) and decreased their quality of life. It is necessary to pay more attention to this co-morbidity.

OBJETIVOS: determinar a prevalência e os principais fatores relacionados à fadiga em pacientes com dor lombar crônica. MÉTODOS: trata-se de estudo transversal, com a participação de 215 pacientes com dor lombar crônica, em três centros de saúde e duas indústrias. Foram calculadas a prevalência bruta de fadiga e seu intervalo de confiabilidade de 95% (IC). RESULTADOS: a prevalência de fadiga entre os participantes com dor lombar crônica foi de 26% [20,3-32,5; IC 95%]. A fadiga foi associada à depressão e à autoeficácia de forma independente. O aumento de um ponto no escore de depressão aumentou o risco de fadiga em 9% e o aumento de um ponto no escore de autoeficácia reduziu o risco de fadiga em 2%. CONCLUSÕES: fadiga foi um fator predominante em pacientes com dor lombar crônica e indicou relação com depressão e autoeficácia. O conhecimento desses fatores pode orientar estratégias para prevenção e controle da fadiga em pacientes com dor lombar crônica.

OBJECTIVES: to determine the prevalence and key factors associated with fatigue in chronic low back pain patients. METHODS: cross-sectional study of 215 chronic low back pain patients from three health care centers and two industrial corporations. The crude prevalence of fatigue and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Associations between fatigue and the independent variables were measured. RESULTS: the prevalence of fatigue among the participants was 26.0% [95% CI: 20.3 - 32.5]. Fatigue was independently associated with depression and self-efficacy. An increase of one unit in the score of depression increased the risk of fatigue by 9%; an increase of one unit in the score of self-efficacy reduced the risk of fatigue by 2%. CONCLUSIONS: fatigue was prevalent in chronic low back pain patients and associated with depression and self-efficacy. Knowing these factors can direct strategies for prevention and control of fatigue in chronic low back pain patients.

OBJETIVOS: Determinar la prevalencia y factores asociados con la fatiga en pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal con 215 pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico en tres servicios de salud y dos industrias. La prevalencia de la fatiga y su intervalo de confianza (IC) se calcularon. Las asociaciones entre variables independientes y la fatiga se calcularon. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de la fatiga en los pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico fue del 26% [20,3 a 32,5, IC 95%]. La fatiga se asocia con la depresión y la autoeficacia. El aumento de un punto en la puntuación de depresión aumentó un 9% el riesgo de fatiga y un aumento de un punto en la auto-eficacia reduce el riesgo de la fatiga en el 2%. CONCLUSIONES: La fatiga es frecuente en pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico y se asocia con la depresión y la autoeficacia. Conocer estos factores puede dirigir las estrategias de prevención y control de la fatiga en pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico.

OBJECTIVES: to determine the prevalence and key factors associated with fatigue in chronic low back pain patients. METHODS: cross-sectional study of 215 chronic low back pain patients from three health care centers and two industrial corporations. The crude prevalence of fatigue and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Associations between fatigue and the independent variables were measured. RESULTS: the prevalence of fatigue among the participants was 26.0% [95% CI: 20.3 - 32.5]. Fatigue was independently associated with depression and self-efficacy. An increase of one unit in the score of depression increased the risk of fatigue by 9%; an increase of one unit in the score of self-efficacy reduced the risk of fatigue by 2%. CONCLUSIONS: fatigue was prevalent in chronic low back pain patients and associated with depression and self-efficacy. Knowing these factors can direct strategies for prevention and control of fatigue in chronic low back pain patients.

OBJETIVOS: Determinar la prevalencia y factores asociados con la fatiga en pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal con 215 pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico en tres servicios de salud y dos industrias. La prevalencia de la fatiga y su intervalo de confianza (IC) se calcularon. Las asociaciones entre variables independientes y la fatiga se calcularon. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de la fatiga en los pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico fue del 26% [20,3 a 32,5, IC 95%]. La fatiga se asocia con la depresión y la autoeficacia. El aumento de un punto en la puntuación de depresión aumentó un 9% el riesgo de fatiga y un aumento de un punto en la auto-eficacia reduce el riesgo de la fatiga en el 2%. CONCLUSIONES: La fatiga es frecuente en pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico y se asocia con la depresión y la autoeficacia. Conocer estos factores puede dirigir las estrategias de prevención y control de la fatiga en pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico.

OBJETIVOS: determinar a prevalência e os principais fatores relacionados à fadiga em pacientes com dor lombar crônica. MÉTODOS: trata-se de estudo transversal, com a participação de 215 pacientes com dor lombar crônica, em três centros de saúde e duas indústrias. Foram calculadas a prevalência bruta de fadiga e seu intervalo de confiabilidade de 95% (IC). RESULTADOS: a prevalência de fadiga entre os participantes com dor lombar crônica foi de 26% [20,3-32,5; IC 95%]. A fadiga foi associada à depressão e à autoeficácia de forma independente. O aumento de um ponto no escore de depressão aumentou o risco de fadiga em 9% e o aumento de um ponto no escore de autoeficácia reduziu o risco de fadiga em 2%. CONCLUSÕES: fadiga foi um fator predominante em pacientes com dor lombar crônica e indicou relação com depressão e autoeficácia. O conhecimento desses fatores pode orientar estratégias para prevenção e controle da fadiga em pacientes com dor lombar crônica.

Disability related to chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon. The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence of disability and factors associated with disability outcome in 177 CLBP adults. Respondents were recruited from three health care service centers and answered questions from: Demographic Identification Form, Oswestry Disability Index, Chronic Pain Self-efficacy Scale, Tampa Scale Kinesiophobia, Beck Depression Inventory, and the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale. The prevalence of disability among the respondents was 65% (95% CI: 57.5 - 72.0), and disability was moderate to severe in 80.7% of them. The multiple regression model identified three factors as independently associated with disability: work situation, low self-efficacy and depression. The factors identified to be associated with disability are modifiable. Interventions such as work relocation, depression treatment and re-conceptualization of self-efficacy may have an important impact in preventing and reducing disability in chronic low back pain patients.

La discapacidad relacionada con el dolor lumbar crónico (DLC) es complejo y multifactorial. El objetivo fue identificar la prevalencia y factores asociados a la discapacidad en pacientes con DLC. Estudio transversal con 177 pacientes de tres servicios de salud; que respondieron al formulario con los datos demográficos, Inventario de Depresión de Beck, Escala de discapacidad de Oswestry, autoeficacia para el dolor crónico, Tampa kinesiophobia and Piper fatiga. La prevalencia de la discapacidad fue del 65% (IC 95%: 57,5 a 72,0) y de moderada a severa en 80,7% de los pacientes. El modelo de regresión se identificó tres factores independientemente asociados con la discapacidad: la falta de trabajo, baja autoeficacia y la depresión. Los factores identificados son modificables. Intervenciones como el trabajo de sustitución, el tratamiento de la depresión y la reconceptualización de la creencia de la autoeficacia puede tener un impacto importante en la prevención y reducción de la discapacidad.

A incapacidade relacionada à dor lombar crônica (DLC) é um fenômeno complexo e multifatorial. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à incapacidade em pacientes com dor lombar crônica. Estudo transversal com amostra composta por 177 pacientes com DLC, de três serviços de saúde; que responderam ao formulário com dados demográficos, ao Inventário de Depressão de Beck, às Escalas Oswestry Disability Index, de autoeficácia para dor crônica, Tampa de Cinesiofobia e de Fadiga de Piper. A prevalência de incapacidade foi de 65% (IC95%: 57,5 - 72,0) e era de moderada a grave em 80,7% dos pacientes. O modelo de regressão múltipla identificou três fatores independentemente associados à incapacidade: ausência de trabalho remunerado, autoeficácia baixa e depressão. Os fatores associados à incapacidade identificados são modificáveis. Intervenções como recolocação no trabalho, tratamento para a depressão e reconceitualização da crença de autoeficácia podem ter um impacto importante na prevenção e redução de incapacidade.

A incapacidade relacionada à dor lombar crônica (DLC) é um fenômeno complexo e multifatorial. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à incapacidade em pacientes com dor lombar crônica. Estudo transversal com amostra composta por 177 pacientes com DLC, de três serviços de saúde; que responderam ao formulário com dados demográficos, ao Inventário de Depressão de Beck, às Escalas Oswestry Disability Index, de autoeficácia para dor crônica, Tampa de Cinesiofobia e de Fadiga de Piper. A prevalência de incapacidade foi de 65% (IC95%: 57,5 - 72,0) e era de moderada a grave em 80,7% dos pacientes. O modelo de regressão múltipla identificou três fatores independentemente associados à incapacidade: ausência de trabalho remunerado, autoeficácia baixa e depressão. Os fatores associados à incapacidade identificados são modificáveis. Intervenções como recolocação no trabalho, tratamento para a depressão e reconceitualização da crença de autoeficácia podem ter um impacto importante na prevenção e redução de incapacidade.

Disability related to chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon. The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence of disability and factors associated with disability outcome in 177 CLBP adults. Respondents were recruited from three health care service centers and answered questions from: Demographic Identification Form, Oswestry Disability Index, Chronic Pain Self-efficacy Scale, Tampa Scale Kinesiophobia, Beck Depression Inventory, and the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale. The prevalence of disability among the respondents was 65% (95% CI: 57.5 - 72.0), and disability was moderate to severe in 80.7% of them. The multiple regression model identified three factors as independently associated with disability: work situation, low self-efficacy and depression. The factors identified to be associated with disability are modifiable. Interventions such as work relocation, depression treatment and re-conceptualization of self-efficacy may have an important impact in preventing and reducing disability in chronic low back pain patients.

La discapacidad relacionada con el dolor lumbar crónico (DLC) es complejo y multifactorial. El objetivo fue identificar la prevalencia y factores asociados a la discapacidad en pacientes con DLC. Estudio transversal con 177 pacientes de tres servicios de salud; que respondieron al formulario con los datos demográficos, Inventario de Depresión de Beck, Escala de discapacidad de Oswestry, autoeficacia para el dolor crónico, Tampa kinesiophobia and Piper fatiga. La prevalencia de la discapacidad fue del 65% (IC 95%: 57,5 a 72,0) y de moderada a severa en 80,7% de los pacientes. El modelo de regresión se identificó tres factores independientemente asociados con la discapacidad: la falta de trabajo, baja autoeficacia y la depresión. Los factores identificados son modificables. Intervenciones como el trabajo de sustitución, el tratamiento de la depresión y la reconceptualización de la creencia de la autoeficacia puede tener un impacto importante en la prevención y reducción de la discapacidad.