The Lesbian, Gay men, Bisexual and Trans -gender (LGBT) Pride Parade takes place in Santiago (Chile) every year. It gathers sexual minorities and also heterosexuals who attend to support LGBT population rights vindication. Specifically, the objective of the study was to describe gay men and lesbians who participate in the LGBT Pride Parade, from the viewpoint of discrimination and victimization. In this sense, this study is innovating because it is based on questionnaires administered in the context of LGBT Pride Parades. In Chile, data on this issue are scarce. There are few previous studies on the topic, revealing that many LGBT people report discrimination and victimization in different situations and contexts. Nevertheless, these studies have not clearly stated the existing differences in the patterns of discrimination and victimization events that affect the different groups (for example, those that affect gay men and lesbians). So, the study focused only on this population for two reasons: first, mainly LGBT subjects attend the parade and secondly, there were no previous studies to compare both groups in the country. Second, the study also aimed at showing that gay men suffer greater discrimination and victimization than lesbians. A non-probabilistic sample of 343 participants was collected. From this sample, 140 subjects were excluded as they did not identify themselves as gay men or lesbians, thus totaling a sample of 203 participants. There were a total of 110 gay men (54.2%) and 93 lesbians (45.8%), aging from 18 to 53 years (M = 24.62 and SD = 6.62). Concerning results, 72.7% of gay men reported discrimination events perceived, as compared to 79.6% of lesbians. In addition, 81.8% of gay men reported victimization events, while lesbians reported 75.3 %. Significant differences are observed between gay men and lesbians, affecting only the latter in: prohibition to enter or stay in entertainment venues, discrimination by security guards, and discrimination at work. Among victimization events, gays reported more mockery than lesbians. This study has various implications. One of them is the fact that an important place where gay men and particularly lesbians are discriminated is their workplace. Future studies will have to focus on investigating the impact of discrimination due to sexual orientation in a work context. In addition, future studies should further examine whether verbal mockery-type victimization and its impact on the gay men population is a common pattern of victimization toward the country's LGBT population. Likewise, it would be necessary to study whether other relevant dimensions in the country, such as social class and religion, contribute to experiencing this type of victimization. Also, there are therapists in Chile who consider homosexuality as an illness and apply reconversive therapies, thus contributing to stigmatization and violence toward sexual minorities. Therefore, this study may contribute to the training of future therapists and health personnel assisting gay men and lesbians since sexual minorities have reported that they face various barriers that prevent them from having equal access to health services, a fact that could have a great impact on their quality of life. Finally, considering the differences in discrimination and victimization found between gay men and lesbians in Chile: Do gay men experience more discrimination and victimization events than lesbians? Are there two different patterns of discrimination and victimization or, instead, a general one that affects both gay men and lesbians in Chile? Data are not conclusive. They indicate that there are many similarities in the discrimination and victimization events perceived by gay men and lesbians, but they also reveal two different patterns. Therefore, the existence of a differentiated pattern of discrimination and victimization between gay men and lesbians should be confirmed by future studies.

La marcha por el Orgullo Lésbico, Gay, Bisexual y Transgénero se realiza cada año en Santiago de Chile y aglutina a minorías sexuales, pero también a heterosexuales que asisten para apoyar a dicha población en la reinvindación de sus derechos. Específicamente, el propósito del estudio realizado fue describir a gay y lesbianas participantes en la Marcha del Orgullo desde el punto de vista de la discriminación y la victimización. Se centró solo en dicha población ya que mayoritariamente es la que asiste a la marcha y porque no existen estudios previos que comparen en el país a ambos grupos. Además, tuvo como objetivo mostrar que los hombres gay sufren más discriminación y victimización que las lesbianas. La muestra consistió en 203 gay y lesbianas mayores de 18 años. Con respecto a los resultados, la proporción de gay que reportaron haber percibido eventos de discriminación fue igual al 72.7% y 79.6% en las lesbianas. Asimismo, el 81.8% del total de los gay reportaron eventos de victimización y un 75.3% del total de las lesbianas. Se observan diferencias significativas entre gay y lesbianas, afectando solo a las últimas, en la prohibición de entrada o permanencia en lugares de entretención, discriminación ejercida por agentes de seguridad y discriminación laboral. Entre los eventos de victimización, gay informaron más burlas que las lesbianas. Se concluye que hay similaridades en los eventos de discriminación y victimización percibidos por gay y lesbianas, pero también algunas diferencias. La existencia de un patrón diferenciado entre gay y lesbianas deberá ser confirmada en futuros estudios.

There is evidence that concurrent partners have an impact on the spread of HI V/AIDS pandemic. However, in Mexico it is not clear yet if this risk is perceived by the persons experimenting those relationships, or by those who find out or suspect that their partner have had a sexual relationship with another person, and how they respond to risk perception. Sexual Biographies framework allows examination of the accumulated sexual experience, the material conditions of sexuality and the partner situation in order to understand the perception of risk with concurrent and not concurrent partners. The objective is to identify the HIV/aids risk perception among males and females that have had concurrent partners or that their partner have them, the normative and cultural reference that prevents or promotes this perception and the actions and responses regard the risk perceived. Data included 80 in-depth interviews of the sexual life in five regions of Mexico in 2006.

Investigaciones previas señalan que hay mayor expansión del VIH cuando se establecen parejas sexuales simultáneas (o concurrentes). No se ha investigado suficientemente en México si las personas con situaciones de parejas simultáneas perciben los riesgos de infecciones y cómo responden a esta percepción. El enfoque de biografías sexuales permite examinar la experiencia sexual acumulada, las condiciones materiales de la vida sexual y los tipos de pareja, para comprender los riesgos, su percepción y las estrategias de acción. El objetivo es analizar la percepción de riesgo de sujetos con parejas concurrentes o cuyas parejas las han tenido, las referencias culturales y normativas que promueven o impiden esta percepción y las acciones de respuesta al riesgo percibido, a partir de un estudio cualitativo de 80 entrevistas en profundidad, con hombres y mujeres adultos, realizado en 2006 en cinco contextos de México.

This paper describes HIV seroprevalence, knowledge of HIV transmission, and condom use among female sex workers (FSW) attending five specialized sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in Santiago, Chile. A short questionnaire with socio-demographic, AIDS knowledge, and condom-use variables was administered to 626 FSW. HIV seroprevalence was estimated with a blood test sent to the Chilean Public Health Institute. ELISA was used to confirm HIV in suspected cases. HIV prevalence was 0%. FSW showed adequate overall knowledge of HIV, even better than reported for the Chilean general population on some items. Condom use with clients was high ("always" = 93.4%), although regular use with steady partners was low ("always" = 9.9%). The zero HIV seroprevalence and consistent condom use with clients confirms the positive impact of intervention strategies for FSW, increasing both correct knowledge of AIDS and condom use with clients and helping decrease these women's HIV/AIDS vulnerability.

Este artículo examina la prevalencia del VIH, los conocimientos respecto a su infección y, además, describe el uso del condón en mujeres que ejercen el comercio sexual en Santiago de Chile y que son atendidas en cinco centros especializados de enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Se aplicó una encuesta que indagaba sobre las características sociodemográficas, el conocimiento sobre el VIH/SIDA y el uso del condón a 626 mujeres. La prevalencia del VIH fue evaluada mediante un examen de ELISA. La prevalencia del VIH fue 0. El conocimiento del VIH fue bueno e, incluso, mejor que en población general, en algunos indicadores. El uso del condón con los clientes fue alto, aunque su uso regular con las parejas estables fue bajo. La prevalencia cero del VIH y el uso consistente de condones con los clientes confirma el impacto positivo que han tenido las estrategias de intervención implementadas para estos grupos, incrementando el conocimiento adecuado sobre el SIDA y el uso del condón con los clientes, contribuyendo a la disminución de la vulnerabilidad de estas mujeres hacia el.

This paper describes HIV seroprevalence, knowledge of HIV transmission, and condom use among female sex workers (FSW) attending five specialized sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in Santiago, Chile. A short questionnaire with socio-demographic, AIDS knowledge, and condom-use variables was administered to 626 FSW. HIV seroprevalence was estimated with a blood test sent to the Chilean Public Health Institute. ELISA was used to confirm HIV in suspected cases. HIV prevalence was 0%. FSW showed adequate overall knowledge of HIV, even better than reported for the Chilean general population on some items. Condom use with clients was high ("always" = 93.4%), although regular use with steady partners was low ("always" = 9.9%). The zero HIV seroprevalence and consistent condom use with clients confirms the positive impact of intervention strategies for FSW, increasing both correct knowledge of AIDS and condom use with clients and helping decrease these women's HIV/AIDS vulnerability.

Este artículo examina la prevalencia del VIH, los conocimientos respecto a su infección y, además, describe el uso del condón en mujeres que ejercen el comercio sexual en Santiago de Chile y que son atendidas en cinco centros especializados de enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Se aplicó una encuesta que indagaba sobre las características sociodemográficas, el conocimiento sobre el VIH/SIDA y el uso del condón a 626 mujeres. La prevalencia del VIH fue evaluada mediante un examen de ELISA. La prevalencia del VIH fue 0. El conocimiento del VIH fue bueno e, incluso, mejor que en población general, en algunos indicadores. El uso del condón con los clientes fue alto, aunque su uso regular con las parejas estables fue bajo. La prevalencia cero del VIH y el uso consistente de condones con los clientes confirma el impacto positivo que han tenido las estrategias de intervención implementadas para estos grupos, incrementando el conocimiento adecuado sobre el SIDA y el uso del condón con los clientes, contribuyendo a la disminución de la vulnerabilidad de estas mujeres hacia el.

Neste estudo, estimou-se a prevalência de gravidez na adolescência (GA), em Salvador, Rio de Janeiro e Porto Alegre, analisando-se o perfil de quem engravida e seus parceiros e os resultados da gestação. Trata-se de inquérito domiciliar, com entrevistas de uma amostra estratificada de homens e mulheres entre 18 e 24 anos, para a avaliação retrospectiva da GA. Foram entrevistados 4.634 jovens (85,2% dos elegíveis); 21,4% dos homens e 29,5% das mulheres com 20 anos e mais referiram GA, mas poucas se deram antes dos 15 anos (0,6% e 1,6%). A gravidez entre adolescentes foi relatada por 55,1% dos homens e 27,9% das mulheres; a maioria dessas teve a GA em relacionamento estável com parceiro mais velho (79,8%). A ocorrência de GA variou inversamente com a escolaridade e a renda. A primeira GA foi levada a termo por 72,2% das mulheres e 34,5% dos homens, estes com maior percentual de relato de aborto provocado (41,3% contra 15,3% das moças). Com o nascimento de um filho antes dos 20 anos, parte das moças parou os estudos temporária (25,0%) ou definitivamente (17,3%), mas 42,1% já se encontravam fora da escola.

This study aims to estimate the prevalence of adolescent pregnancy (AP) in three Brazilian cities Salvador, Rio de Janeiro, and Porto Alegre and to examine the profiles of pregnant girls and their partners in relation to pregnancy outcomes. Data for a retrospective assessment of AP were collected using an interview-based household survey applied to a stratified sample of males and females aged 18-24. A total of 4,634 individuals were interviewed (85.2 % of the eligible individuals). 21.4% of males and 29.5% of females aged 20-24 reported AP, but few such pregnancies had taken place before age 15 (0.6% and 1.6%). Pregnancy between adolescent partners was reported by 55.1% of males and 27.9% of females. 79.8% of the latter became pregnant while involved in a stable relationship with an older partner. AP levels varied inversely to schooling and income levels. 72.2% of females and 34.5% of males carried their first AP to completion, and more cases of induced abortion were reported by male partners in pregnancies (41.3%) than by females (15.3%). With the birth of the first child, 25.0% of women interrupted their studies temporarily and 17.3% definitively. However, 42.1% of primiparous mothers were already outside school before pregnancy.

Um laço novo se estabeleceu entre sexualidade e vida conjugal nas últimas décadas do século XX. Tradicionalmente o direito à atividade sexual era adquirido com o estatuto de sujeito casado; hoje em dia, o intercâmbio sexual passou a ser o motor interno da conjugalidade. No entanto, esta inversão não gerou uma transformação completa das relações de gênero. A análise das mudanças dos comportamentos na França contemporânea mostra sem dúvida uma aproximação das trajetórias sexuais femininas e masculinas, e o desenvolvimento dum valor de reciprocidade entre parceiros. Mas o exame mais preciso do confronto dos homens e das mulheres nas várias etapas do intercâmbio sexual sugere a permanência de uma divergência de gênero: tanto a socialização adolescente como o curso da vida conjugal continuam sustentando interpretações muito assimétricas da sexualidade, nas quais o desejo feminino tem menos legitimidade do que o masculino.

The relation between sexuality and conjugality has been deeply redefined in the last decades of the XXth century. Whereas sex was traditionally a right and an attribute of married people, sexual exchange has presently become the inner driving force in contemporary conjugality. Nevertheless, this reversal has not brought about radical shifts in gender relations. An analysis of trends in sexual behaviours in France doubtless shows the closing of the gap between male and female sexual trajectories and the rise of a value of reciprocity between partners. But a closer examination of the confronting of men and women at the various stages of sexual exchange suggests the permanence of a strong gender divergence: teen age socialization, as well as the very course of conjugal sex life continue fostering very assimetrical interpretations of sexuality, in which female desire is always less legitimate than the male one.

Neste estudo, estimou-se a prevalência de gravidez na adolescência (GA), em Salvador, Rio de Janeiro e Porto Alegre, analisando-se o perfil de quem engravida e seus parceiros e os resultados da gestação. Trata-se de inquérito domiciliar, com entrevistas de uma amostra estratificada de homens e mulheres entre 18 e 24 anos, para a avaliação retrospectiva da GA. Foram entrevistados 4.634 jovens (85,2% dos elegíveis); 21,4% dos homens e 29,5% das mulheres com 20 anos e mais referiram GA, mas poucas se deram antes dos 15 anos (0,6% e 1,6%). A gravidez entre adolescentes foi relatada por 55,1% dos homens e 27,9% das mulheres; a maioria dessas teve a GA em relacionamento estável com parceiro mais velho (79,8%). A ocorrência de GA variou inversamente com a escolaridade e a renda. A primeira GA foi levada a termo por 72,2% das mulheres e 34,5% dos homens, estes com maior percentual de relato de aborto provocado (41,3% contra 15,3% das moças). Com o nascimento de um filho antes dos 20 anos, parte das moças parou os estudos temporária (25,0%) ou definitivamente (17,3%), mas 42,1% já se encontravam fora da escola.

This study aims to estimate the prevalence of adolescent pregnancy (AP) in three Brazilian cities Salvador, Rio de Janeiro, and Porto Alegre and to examine the profiles of pregnant girls and their partners in relation to pregnancy outcomes. Data for a retrospective assessment of AP were collected using an interview-based household survey applied to a stratified sample of males and females aged 18-24. A total of 4,634 individuals were interviewed (85.2 % of the eligible individuals). 21.4% of males and 29.5% of females aged 20-24 reported AP, but few such pregnancies had taken place before age 15 (0.6% and 1.6%). Pregnancy between adolescent partners was reported by 55.1% of males and 27.9% of females. 79.8% of the latter became pregnant while involved in a stable relationship with an older partner. AP levels varied inversely to schooling and income levels. 72.2% of females and 34.5% of males carried their first AP to completion, and more cases of induced abortion were reported by male partners in pregnancies (41.3%) than by females (15.3%). With the birth of the first child, 25.0% of women interrupted their studies temporarily and 17.3% definitively. However, 42.1% of primiparous mothers were already outside school before pregnancy.

Este artigo se propõe a relatar a situação da pesquisa sobre o comportamento sexual na França, na era da AIDS. Apresentarei aqui a implementação de um monitoramento do comportamento sexual e de sua continuidade. A primeira pesquisa ACSF (Análise de Comportamento Sexual na França) ocorreu em 1992 e abordava a sexualidade em seu sentido amplo. O dispositivo francês de pesquisa inclui três tipos de dados: pesquisas quantitativas, com populações específicas, uma série de cinco pesquisas tipo KABP (conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas) e, por fim, um conjunto de pesquisas qualitativas. Na conclusão, saliento a importância do projeto de comparação européia, o qual permitiu relativizar dados nacionais e diferenciar os processos sociais universais e os processos mais específicos de cada cultura.

This paper proposes to report on the situation of research on sexual behaviour in France in the AIDS era. I will present the implementation of sexual behaviour monitoring programs and their continuity. The first research study (ACSF - analysis of sexual behaviour in France) took place in 1992, and dealt with sexuality in its broader sense. The French research device included three types of data: quantitative surveys with specific populations, a series of 5 (five) KABP (knowledge, attitudes and practices) type studies, and finally, a set of qualitative studies. In the conclusion I highlight the importance of the European comparison project. The comparison allowed us to relativise national data and to differentiate the universal social processes from process that are more specific of each culture.

Este artigo tem o objetivo de discutir a construção da gravidez na adolescência enquanto um problema social. Visa também apresentar e analisar os dados da etapa qualitativa da pesquisa Gravidez na Adolescência: Estudo Multicêntrico sobre Jovens, Sexualidade e Reprodução no Brasil (Pesquisa GRAVAD), desenvolvida em três capitais brasileiras: Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro e Salvador. Os dados indicam o caráter indissociável da articulação entre classe social e gênero na compreensão do fenômeno da gravidez na adolescência. Entre as jovens de classes médias observa-se alterações na condução dos projetos e trajetórias escolares, que, até então, se processavam de modo linear. O mesmo não ocorre entre as jovens das classes populares, cuja irregularidade das carreiras escolares independe da maternidade. Já entre os jovens homens não há mudanças significativas, uma vez que aqueles dos estratos médios não interrompem seus projetos e percursos educacionais, e os dos grupos populares ingressam precocemente no mercado de trabalho, não sendo isto uma conseqüência direta da paternidade adolescente.

This paper aims to discuss the construction of teenage pregnancy as a social problem. It also seeks to present and analyze the data of the qualitative phase of the research study Teenage Pregnancy: A Multicentric Study of Young People, Sexuality and Reproduction in Brazil (GRAVAD study) undertaken in four Brazilian capitals: Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro and Salvador. The data indicate the indissoluble character of the articulation between social class and gender in the understanding of the phenomenon of teenage pregnancy. Among girls from the middle class we observe alterations in their management of their school projects and course, which, until that point, were processed in a linear manner. The same does not occur among girls from lower income groups whose irregularity in school life is independent of motherhood. Among the young men there are no significant changes, since middle class boys not interrupt their school projects or courses, and boys from lower income groups enter the work force precociously, and this is not a direct consequence of teenage fatherhood.