Abstract This study aimed to develop and evaluate bread with the use of pulp and flours of pequi, in partial replacement of water and wheat flour, to develop a bakery product with good technological, nutritional and sensorial qualities. The pequi husk and pulp flours were obtained by means of a thermal pre-treatment, oven drying and standardization of the dry material. Whereas, the bread formulation was defined through the baker’s formulation. Besides, the dehydration process caused significant changes (p<0.05) in the L* value and chromaticity (C*), mainly of the flours (husk and pequi pulp), such changes are due to non-enzymatic oxidative processes and pigment degradation, especially carotenoids. The effect of the substitution of ingredients (wheat flour and water) by husk and pulp flours and pequi pulp contributed to the increase in lipid, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extract and energy value content. However, the substitution promoted changes in the attributes of color and textural properties, such as increased hardness, chewiness and cohesiveness. Nevertheless, all formulations showed good sensory acceptance and thus, pequi sweet breads can be implemented in school meals for contributing and meeting the nutritional recommendations established by the School Feeding Brazilian Program (PNAE).

ABSTRACT The study aimed to determine the evapotranspiration (ETc) of the mango cv. ‘Palmer’ over two productive cycles, analyzing water-use efficiency (WUE) and crop water productivity (CWP) to propose average crop coefficient (Kc) values for improving irrigation management under cultivation conditions in the Low-Middle São Francisco Valley. The study was conducted from July 2019 to May 2021 in a commercial ‘Palmer’ mango orchard in Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Micrometeorological data was collected throughout the experimental period. The crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was determined using Bowen ratio energy balance (BREB), and then the Kc, WUE, and CWP were determined. The highest ETc values occurred during the floral induction phase (5.14 ± 0.85 mm day-1), with a Kc of 0.85; however, the lowest values were observed during the fruit maturation phase (3.60 ± 0.73 mm day-1), with a Kc of 0.91. Average water consumption per cycle was 1445 mm, with a daily average of 4.39 mm day-1. WUE and CWP were 16.9 and 24.5 kg ha-1 mm-1, respectively. Average Kc values of 0.81, 0.76, 0.85, 0.90, 0.95, and 0.91 are recommended for the vegetative growth, rest period and shoot maturation, floral induction, flowering, fruit development, and fruit maturation phases, respectively.

RESUMO A leptospirose acomete diversas espécies animais, inclusive o homem. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de anticorpos contra Leptospira spp., bem como identificar fatores associados ao risco da infecção por Leptospira spp. em bovinos de leite do município de Ji-Paraná - RO, amostrados por setor rural, de setembro de 2012 a novembro de 2013. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas sistematicamente de 627 fêmeas leiteiras, oriundas de 63 propriedades pertencentes a seis setores rurais. O diagnóstico da leptospirose foi realizado por meio da soroaglutinação microscópica. Constatou-se que 255 animais possuíam anticorpos anti-Leptospira (40,48%, IC95%: 36,64-44,31). Das 63 propriedades estudadas, 57 (90,5%, IC95%: 83,23-97,72) apresentavam pelo menos um animal reagente. Observou-se maior ocorrência do sorovar Hardjo nas fêmeas bovinas (12,38%, IC95%: 10,03-15,18), seguido dos sorovares Shermani, Wolffi, Hebdomadis e Canicola. Observaram-se, como fatores associados à infecção por sorovar, a ocorrência de aborto em fêmeas de 36 propriedades estudadas (57,14%), bem como a existência de cães criados livres em 47 propriedades (74,60%) e com acesso ao pasto, à água e aos bovinos, o que reforça a necessidade de adoção de medidas profiláticas e a conscientização dos produtores rurais sobre a importância e os prejuízos que podem ser causados pela leptospirose.

ABSTRACT Leptospirosis affects several animal species, including man. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Leptospira spp. and to identify factors associated with the risk of Leptospira spp. in dairy cattle in the municipality of Ji-Paraná, RO, Brazil, sampled by rural sector, from September 2012 to November 2013. Blood samples from 627 dairy cows were randomly collected from 63 farms belonging to six rural sectors. Leptospirosis was diagnosed by the microscopic serum agglutination technique. Of the 627 animals tested, 255 had anti-Leptospira antibodies (40.48%, 95% CI: 36.64-44.31) and 57 of the 63 studied dairy farms (90.5%, 95% CI: 83.23-97.72) had at least one reactive animal. The results indicate that serovar Hardjo had the highest (12.38%. 95% CI: 10.03-15.18) followed by serovars Shermani, Wolffi, Hebdomadis and Canicola occurrence in dairy cows. Additionally, infection was also associated with abortion occurrences in cows of 36 farms (57.14%) and the presence of dogs roaming free with access to pasture, water and cattle in 47 farms (74.60%). Therefore, free-roaming animals are considered a predisposing factor, highlighting the need for adopting prophylactic measures while raising the awareness from rural producers about the importance and the economic losses that leptospirosis may cause.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to identify homogeneous rainfall zones in the winter and summer 1st and 2nd crops, in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The zones were defined by clustering using the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to transform seasonal rainfall series. Monthly average rainfall data collected from 157 weather stations for 20 years (1996 to 2015) were employed. The results show that the number of homogeneous zones varied among growing seasons. The summer crop presented two clusters, with rainfall averages of 1489 and 1925 mm; the second crop presented four clusters, with averages of 1849, 1004, 1454, and 1182 mm; and the winter crop had three clusters, with averages of 969, 1498, and 1171 mm. Clustering was a useful instrument to identify geographical regions with similar rainfall regimes during different growing seasons in the state of Paraná. Rainfall distribution was more homogeneous in the summer crop. In all crops analyzed, the clusters with the lowest rainfall rate were present in the northwestern, northern center, and northern pioneer of the state of Paraná, whereas the clusters with the highest rainfall rate were found in the coastal regions.

RESUMO Para investigar se diferentes condições de armazenamento interferem no potencial fisiológico, sanitário e no teor de óleo de sementes de mamona (Ricinus communis) foram utilizadas sementes de duas cultivares, Guarani e IAC-80, armazenadas em dois ambientes (câmara fria e armazém convencional) em duas embalagens (saco de papel Kraft multifoliado e saco plástico - com e sem acondicionamento a vácuo a 1 atm). Testou-se ainda outro tipo de acondicionamento, utilizando-se papel aluminizado para criopreservação das sementes (-196 °C). A qualidade das sementes foi avaliada antes do armazenamento e após 4, 8 e 12 meses por meio dos testes de geminação (contagem aos 7 e 14 dias), emergência, sanidade, teor de água e teor de óleo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 7x4, sendo sete condições de armazenamento e quatro épocas. A criopreservação (-196 °C) é a condição ideal para manutenção do potencial fisiológico de sementes de Ricinus communis, cultivares IAC-80 e Guarani, ao longo do armazenamento. Independente das condições de armazenamento de sementes de R. communis, o teor de óleo decresce e a incidência dos fungos Aspergillus spp. e Fusarium spp. aumenta ao longo do armazenamento.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of different storage conditions on the physiological and sanitary quality and oil content of castor bean (Ricinus communis) seeds. Seeds of castor bean plants of the Guarani, and IAC-80 cultivars were stored in two environments (cold room, and room conditions), using three package types (multifoliate Kraft paper bag, and polyethylene bag, and polyethylene bag with vacuum at 1 atm). In addition, another storage condition was evaluated: cryopreservation (-196 °C) in foil paper bags. Seed quality was evaluated before storage and at 4, 8, and 12 months after storage by testing their 7-day and 14-day germination, emergence, health, water content, and oil content. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with 7×4 factorial arrangement consisting of seven storage conditions and four evaluation times. Cryopreservation is the ideal condition for maintaining the seed physiological quality of the Ricinus communis cultivars used throughout storage. The oil content of the R. communis seeds decreases, and the incidence of Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp. fungi increases throughout storage, regardless of the storage conditions.

ABSTRACT The spatial variability in meteorological conditions was evaluated in two small ruminant house with different constructive aspects, based on the variables of dry bulb temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and temperature humidity index (THI), through the generation of maps using the Kriging interpolation method. The experiment was conducted in two seasons, winter and summer, and the small ruminant house were denominated as: FNRG (facility at ground level with no ridge vent) and FWRG (facility at ground level and with ridge vent). The studied parameters were recorded by portable digital sensors, thermo-anemometers and thermo-hygrometers, with data collections at 9 am and 3 pm. With the analysis of the spatial variability of the data, it was observed that the pens positioned in the central region of the two facilities had the least stressful places to animals in two seasons and two times, where the FWRG presented larger areas with lower temperatures, within the comfort zone, compared to the FNRG due to the presence of the ridge vents, were the least stressful places for the animals in the two seasons and at the two data collection times. At 9 am, in the winter and summer, both facilities presented comfortable conditions for the rearing of goats and sheep in the morning that were not observed at 3 pm.

ABSTRACT This study demonstrates using remote sensing, geographic information systems and multivariate statistics to study water quality in an agricultural watershed. The monitoring of water quality in the watershed of Lontras's river in the southwestern region of the State of Paraná had been done in 2012 and 2013 with a multi-parameter probe in ten sites that were defined upstream and downstream watershed, during four different seasons. Mosaicked images were used from Google Earth, Digital Elevation Model and soil types of maps, defined as the explanatory variables. The definition of the areas of influence and multivariate statistical techniques, particularly the Redundancy Analysis (RDA), were used for the correlation between variables. In a spring area, located upstream watershed, the contribution on water quality variation has gotten smaller, when compared with the other monitoring sites. There was interference in water quality in downstream sites that has become greater due to the effects of diffuse pollution. The RDA enabled synthesizes the data variability structure and the relationship of multidimensional variables. These statistical techniques added to products resulting from the GIS contributed to a better understanding of the variation of water quality in the watershed.

RESUMO A síndrome do X frágil é a principal causa conhecida de deficiência de aprendizagem herdada, caracterizada por mutações no gene FMR1. Relatamos a detecção inesperada de um paciente com síndrome do X frágil por meio de cariótipo de sangue periférico com bandamento GTG (bandamento G após tripsina e Giemsa). A análise cariotípica identificou fragilidade Xq27.3 em 17% das metáfases analisadas e em 54% quando utilizado TC 199, consistente com o diagnóstico citogenético da síndrome. Este caso foi o único a apresentar as provas de fra(X) no cariótipo de alta resolução em nosso serviço de atendimento, contribuindo para futuros diagnósticos de pacientes com história de atraso no desenvolvimento.

ABSTRACT Fragile X syndrome is considered the main known cause of inherited learning disabilities and it is characterized by mutations in the FMR1 gene. Our aim was to report an unexpected detection of a patient with fragile X syndrome by GTG-Banding karyotype analysis (G-bands after trypsin and Giemsa). The karyotype analysis identified Xq27.3 fragility in 17% of the metaphases analyzed and in 54% when using TC 199, consistent with the cytogenetic diagnosis of the syndrome. This case was the sole one to present the fra(X) tests in the high-resolution karyotype analysis in our care service, contributing to future diagnoses of patients with history of developmental delay.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar o desempenho agronômico e a capacidade de extração de nutrientes pelo capim-tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) e pela taboa (Typha sp.), quando cultivados em sistemas alagados construídos (SACs) de escoamentos vertical e horizontal, respectivamente, utilizados no pós-tratamento de águas residuárias da suinocultura (ARS). A produtividade média de matéria seca (MS) do capim-tifton 85, em cortes com intervalo de 60 dias, variou entre 14 e 43 t ha-1, enquanto a taboa cultivada produziu em um único corte, após 200 dias de cultivo entre 45 e 67 t ha-1 de MS. O capim-tifton 85 extraiu até 17,65 kg ha-1 d-1 de nitrogênio, 1,76 kg ha-1 d-1 de fósforo, 6,67 g ha-1 d-1 de cobre e 54,75 g ha-1 d-1 de zinco. A taboa extraiu até 5,10 kg ha-1 d-1 de nitrogênio, 1,07 kg ha-1 d-1 de fósforo, 1,41 g ha-1 d-1 de cobre e 16,04 g ha-1 d-1 de zinco. A taboa e o capim-tifton 85 foram capazes de remover, respectivamente, 5,0 e 4,6% do nitrogênio e 11,2 e 5,4% do fósforo aplicado via ARS, sendo pouco eficientes na extração de N e P quando avaliado o aporte inicial destes nutrientes.

This work aimed to study the agronomic performance and capacity of nutrient removal by bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) and cattail (Typha sp.) when grown in constructed wetlands systems (CWSs) of vertical and horizontal flow, respectively, used in the post-treatment of swine breeding wastewater (ARS). The average yield of dry matter (DM) of bermudagrass in sections of 60-day interval ranged from 14 to 43 t ha-1, while the cultivated cattail produced in a single cut after 200 days of cultivation between 45 and 67 t ha-1 of DM. Bermudagrass extracted up to 17.65 kg ha-1 d-1 of nitrogen, 1.76 kg ha-1 d-1 of phosphorus, 6.67 g ha-1 d-1 of copper and 54.75 g ha-1 d-1 of zinc. Cattail extracted up to 5.10 kg ha-1 d-1 of nitrogen, 1.07 kg ha-1 d-1 of phosphorus, 1.41 g ha-1 d-1 of copper and 16.04 g ha-1 d-1 of zinc. Cattail and bermudagrass were able to remove, respectively, 5.0 and 4.6% of the nitrogen and 11.2 and 5.4% of the phosphorus applied via ARS, being less efficient in extracting N and P when the initial intake of these nutrients is evaluated.

A utilização de reatores anaeróbios com meio suporte no tratamento de efluentes líquidos, provenientes das fecularias de mandioca, tem-se apresentado como uma opção viável, uma vez que possibilita a aplicação de cargas orgânicas elevadas e uma redução considerável do TDH necessário para o tratamento. O objetivo do trabalho consistiu no estudo do processo de biodigestão, em dois reatores anaeróbios, com meio suporte de bambu, no tratamento de efluente de fecularia de mandioca, por meio da avaliação do desempenho dos mesmos. Foram utilizados dois reatores com relações diâmetro:comprimento 1:6 e 1:3. As cargas orgânicas aplicadas aos sistemas foram 0,519; 1,156; 1,471; 3,049; 4,347; 4,708 e 5,601 g.L-1d-1. Com relação à eficiência de remoção de DQO, ST e STV, não foram obtidas diferenças estatísticas entre os reatores. Os dois sistemas avaliados apresentaram comportamento estável em relação à AV/AT (acidez volátil/alcalinidade total) para todas as cargas submetidas. Os reatores apresentaram tendência à manutenção da produção de biogás em função da DQO consumida, para as três últimas cargas orgânicas aplicadas, indicando uma capacidade de suportar cargas orgânicas mais elevadas.

The use of anaerobic reactors with media support in the treatment of wastewater from the cassava starch industry has emerged as a viable option because it allows the application of high organic loads and a significant reduction of the HDT needed for the treatment. This research aimed at studying the process of biodigestion in two anaerobic reactors with bamboo support, in the treatment of effluent of cassava starch, by evaluating their performance. The two reactors used present the following diameter: length ratio, 1:6 and 1:3. The organic loads applied to the systems were 0.519, 1.156, 1.471, 3.049, 4.347, 4.708 and 5.601g.L-1.d-1. Regarding the efficiency of removal of COD, TS and TVS, no statistically significant differences were obtained between the reactors. The two systems evaluated showed a stable behavior with respect to the VA/TA (volatile acidity/total alkalinity) for all submitted loads. The reactors tended to the maintenance of biogas production as a function of consumed COD for the last three organic loads applied, indicating an ability to withstand higher organic loads.

Um reator em bateladas sequenciais com biomassa em suspensão e volume útil de 5L, aplicado para remoção de nutrientes e matéria orgânica, foi operado em escala de bancada, nas condições ótimas obtidas a partir de um delineamento composto central rotacional (DCCR), tempo de ciclo (TC) de 16 h (10h15 fase aeróbia e 4h35 fase anóxica) e relação carbono:nitrogênio (DQO/N-NO2-+N-NO3-) de 6. Avaliaram-se 20 ciclos completos, nitrificação seguida de desnitrificação, com o objetivo de efetuar o estudo do comportamento cinético de degradação da matéria orgânica (DQO) e nitrogenada (N-NH4+, N-NO2- e N-NO3-) presentes no efluente proveniente do abate e industrialização de aves, bem como avaliar a estabilidade do reator através de gráficos de controle Shewhart para medidas individuais. Os resultados apontaram valores médios de remoção de nitrogênio inorgânico total (N-NH4++N-NO2-+N-NO 3-) de 84,32±1,59% (C.V.=1,89%) e de matéria orgânica (DQO) de 53,65±8,48% (CV= 15,81%), no processo completo (nitrificação-desnitrificação), estando o processo sob controle estatístico. A atividade nitrificante estimada, durante a fase aeróbia, pela determinação dos parâmetros cinéticos, apresentou valores médios para K1 e K2, de 0,00381±0,00043 min-1 e 0,00249±0,00056 min-1, respectivamente. A avaliação do comportamento cinético de conversão do nitrogênio indicou possível redução no TC da fase anóxica, uma vez que foram alcançadas remoções de N-NO2- e N-NO3-, superiores a 90%, em apenas uma hora de desnitrificação.

A sequential batch reactor with suspended biomass and useful volume of 5 L was used in the removal of nutrients and organic matter in workbench scale under optimal conditions obtained by central composite rotational design (CCRD), with cycle time (CT) of 16 h (10.15 h, aerobic phase, and 4.35 h, anoxic phase) and carbon: nitrogen ratio (COD/NO2--N+NO3--N) equal to 6. Complete cycles (20), nitrification followed by denitrification, were evaluated to investigate the kinetic behavior of degradation of organic (COD) and nitrogenated (NH4+-N, NO2--N and NO3--N) matter present in the effluent from a bird slaughterhouse and industrial processing facility, as well as to evaluate the stability of the reactor using Shewhart control charts of individual measures. The results indicate means total inorganic nitrogen (NH4+-N+NO2- -N+NO3--N) removal of 84.32±1.59% and organic matter (COD) of 53.65±8.48% in the complete process (nitrification-denitrification) with the process under statistical control. The nitrifying activity during the aerobic phase estimated from the determination of the kinetic parameters had mean K1 and K2 values of 0.00381±0.00043 min-1 and 0.00381±0.00043 min-1, respectively. The evaluation of the kinetic behavior of the conversion of nitrogen indicated a possible reduction of CT in the anoxic phase, since removals of NO2--N and NO3--N higher than 90% were obtained with only 1 h of denitrification.

Para estudar a potencialidade antagônica de espécies de Trichoderma spp. in vitro e in vivo a Rhizopus stolonifer, patógeno causador da podridão floral do maracujazeiro, foram estudadas as espécies de Trichoderma viride, T. virens, T. harzianum e T. stromaticum. O crescimento micelial do fitopatógeno foi realizado pelo teste do pareamento de culturas, para crescimento individual foram utilizadas cinco temperaturas. Avaliou-se também o crescimento micelial em 24h e 48h, avaliando a taxa de crescimento dos isolados. Na produção de metabolitos voláteis e não voláteis foram utilizados papel celofane e sobreposição de placas. Em condição de campo os frutos/planta foram tratados com a suspensão na concentração de 2 x 10(8) Conídios/mL sendo avaliado o número médio de frutos aos 15 e 30. No pareamento de cultura todos os isolados de Trichoderma spp. apresentaram crescimento micelial, impedindo o desenvolvimento do fitopatógeno, para todos os isolados as temperaturas ideais de crescimento foram de 25ºC e 30ºC. Nos períodos de incubação de 24 e 48h, foram constatadas diferenças significativas no crescimento micelial entre os isolados os antagonistas apresentaram velocidade de crescimento maior que o fitopatógeno. Houve uma produção de metabólitos voláteis e não voláteis de ação antifúngica ao R. stolonifer. No ensaio em campo houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos, verificando-se que o melhor resultado entre os antagonistas em estudo cujos percentuais de pegamento foram 74% para os tratamentos Trichoderma harzianum e T. virens, e os tratamentos T. viride e T. stromaticum obtiveram um porcentual de 75% enquanto a testemunha obteve um percentual de 42%.

Floral rot of passion fruit is caused by the fungus Rhizopus stolonifer, which attacks newly open flowers and young little fruits. The infection starts in the inner parts of the flower buds where it causes water-soaked lesions, whose floral tissues acquire a dark-brown coloration. The presence of dark mycelium and fungus fructification is often noticed on the lesions. The present work aimed at studying the in vitro and in vivo antagonistic potentiality of species of Trichoderma spp. to Rhizopus stolonifer. In order to assess the antagonistic efficiency of biological control agents in the floral rot of yellow passion fruit, in vitro and in vivo tests were carried out with these species: Trichoderma viride, T. virens, T. harzianum and T. stromaticum, at the Biofactory of the State University of Southwestern Bahia (Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia), campus of Vitória da Conquista - BA, and at a farm in the municipality of Eunápolis - BA. In the in vitro tests the mycelial growths of the phytopathogen and antagonists at the temperatures of 10ºC, 15ºC, 20ºC, 25ºC and 30ºC were evaluated as well as the mycelial growth within 24h and 48h, in order to verify the growth rate of the isolates. To inhibit the mycelial growth of the phytopathogen, the pairing of cultures was carried out to assess the potentiality of antagonists and the production of volatile and non-volatile metabolites. Field, the antagonists were assessed according to their capacity. In the of preventing the infection by Rhizopus stolonifer, the average number of effective fruits being evaluated on the 15th and 30th day after the application of antagonists. Through the obtained results, it was noticed that the best temperatures for the growth of antagonists and phytopathogen were at 25ºC and 30ºC for all isolates. During the incubation periods of 24 and 48h, significant differences in the mycelial growth were evidenced among isolates of Trichoderma spp. In relation to R. stolonifer, the antagonists demonstrated growth speed significantly higher than the phytopathogen. In paired culture, all the isolates of Trichoderma spp. showed fast mycelial growth, thus preventing the development of the phytopathogen, demonstrating antagonism in the production of volatile and non volatile metabolites with fungal action against R. stolonifer. In the field test, there was significant effect in the treatments, a higher fruit set of 74% was noted for the treatments T3 - Trichoderma harzianum and T5 - T. virens, and 75% for. The treatments T2 - T. viride and T4 - T. stromaticum the control obtained a lower percentage 42%.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho da macrófita aquática Eichhornia crassipes, aplicada in situ em sistema de tratamento de abatedouro e frigorífico, localizado no Oeste do Paraná, com relação à remoção de nutrientes e matéria orgânica, bem como obter dados da produção, de práticas de manejo e de compostagem da biomassa gerada no sistema. Durante 11 meses de desenvolvimento das macrófitas na lagoa, realizou-se o monitoramento de parâmetros físico-químicos e controlou-se a densidade das plantas, retirando-se periodicamente a biomassa em excesso por meio do acompanhamento semanal da densidade de plantas, expressa em kg de aguapé por m² de área líquida coberta. Avaliou-se, em escala-piloto, a degradação das macrófitas retiradas do sistema de tratamento, montando-se oito leiras de compostagem com aproximadamente 0,60 m³, com quatro tratamentos distintos e duas repetições, sendo: T1- aguapé (Eichhornia crassipes); T2 - aguapé e dejeto suíno; T3 - aguapé, dejeto suíno e terra, e T4 - aguapé, dejeto suíno e tripa celulósica, por período de 90 dias. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram as eficiências máximas de remoções: DQO de 77,2%; DBO de 77,8%; nitrogênio total de 87,9%; nitrogênio amoniacal de 47,5% e fósforo total de 38,9%, para o tempo de detenção de cinco dias. Quanto à estabilização da biomassa via processo de compostagem, considerando a relação C:N como indicador da maturidade do composto, observou-se que o tratamento T4 obteve o menor período de estabilização: 60 dias. Não houve diferença significativa a 5%, pelo teste F, para a taxa de bioestabilização.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the performance of the aquatic macrophyte Eichhornia crassipes applied in situ in a slaughter house treatment system, located in the west of the Paraná state, Brazil, regarding the nutrients removal and organic matter. Moreover, it aimed to obtain data from the production, management and composting practices of the biomass generated in the system. During 11 months of macrophytes development, physic and chemical parameters were monitored and plant density was controlled by periodical removal of excess biomass, which was weekly monitored and it is expressed in kg of aquatic plant per m² covered area. The degradation of the macrophytes removed from the treatment system was evaluated at the pilot scale in eight composting piles of 0.60 m³ that underwent four different treatments and two repetitions: T1 - water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes); T2 - water hyacinth and swine excrement (7:1), T3 - water hyacinth, swine excrement and earth (7:1:0,67), and T4 - water hyacinth, swine excrement and cellulosic gut (7:1:0,67), for a period of 90 days. The results indicated maximum removal efficiencies of 77.2% for COD; 77.8% for BOD, 87.9% for total nitrogen, 47.5% for ammonia nitrogen and 38.9% for total phosphorus for a five-day retention time. For biomass stabilization by composting, considering the C:N ratio as an indicator of compost maturity, it was observed that treatment T4 resulted in the shortest stabilization period (60 days). No difference was verified in the biostabilization rates at 5% level by the F test.

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o desenvolvimento, a produção e a qualidade sanitária da cultura da alface irrigada com águas residuárias originadas da suinocultura e da piscicultura. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: T1 - alface irrigada com água de origem subterrânea e adubação suplementar; T2 - alface irrigada com água residuária de viveiro de peixes alimentados com ração; T3 - alface irrigada com água residuária originária de lagoa de estabilização de dejetos de suínos, e T4 - água de lagoa de cultivo de algas, alimentada com resíduo de biodigestor de dejeto de suíno. Os tratamentos não apresentaram diferenças significativas para altura da alface, diâmetro da cabeça, comprimento da raiz, massa da raiz, massa total da planta, massa fresca e massa seca; os tratamentos T4 e T2 apresentaram os maiores valores para comprimento da maior folha e número de folhas, respectivamente; em geral, as análises foliares e a extração de macro e micronutrientes pela cultura não apresentaram diferenças significativas; ocorreu contaminação de coliformes fecais e totais em todos os tratamentos; não ocorreu contaminação de Escherichia coli em todos os tratamentos; todos os Coeficientes de Uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC) encontrados foram acima de 85%, exceto para o tratamento T3 que foi de 74,05%; ocorreram alterações químicas no solo proporcionais às características das águas utilizadas nos respectivos tratamentos.

The objective of this work was to evaluate development, production and sanitary quality of the irrigated lettuce with wastewater from fish and swine activities. The evaluated treatments was: T1 - lettuce irrigated with water from underground origin and supplemental fertilization; T2 - lettuce irrigated with wastewater from fish activities and fish fed with ration; T3 - lettuce irrigated with wastewater from swine treated in stabilization lagoon; and T4 - lettuce irrigated with effluent from seaweed lagoon, fed with wastewater from swine activities treated with anaerobic reactor. The treatments did not present significant differences for next culture characteristics: height, diameter head, length root, mass root, total mass plant, green mass and dry mass; the treatments T4 and T2 presented the biggest values for length and number leaf, respectively; in general, leaf analyses and extraction of macro and micronutrients by culture did not present significant differences; contamination by fecal coliforms in all treatments occurred; no contamination by Escherichia coli was observed in all treatments; all the Coefficients of Uniformity of Christiansen (CUC) observed were above 85%, except for treatment T3 where was 74%; chemical alterations in the soil occurred proportional to characteristics of waters used in the treatments.